5. WASTE MANAGEMENT

5.1 General Requirements

5.1.1 The Contractor is responsible for waste control within the construction site, removal of the waste material produced from the Site and implementation of any mitigation measures to minimise waste or redress problems arising from waste generated on the Site. The waste material may include any sewage, waste water or effluent containing sand, cement, silt or any other suspended or dissolved material to flow from the Site onto any adjoining land, storm sewer, sanitary sewer, or any waste matter or refuse to be deposited anywhere within the Site or onto any adjoining land.

5.1.2 The Contractor should incorporate waste management recommendations into a comprehensive on-site Environmental Management Plan (EMP) based on the Construction and Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP) included as part of the EIA. The EMP shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval after commencement of construction. This should include all factors dependent on individual work sites including designation of areas for the segregation and temporary storage of materials for future use or recycling. Such provision cannot be specified at this stage. Contractors should follow the recommendations of ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 for on-site separation of waste, and ETWB TCW No. 31/2004 for trip-ticket system for disposal of construction and demolition material. The EMP shall also define clearly the hierarchy for waste management on and off-site as well as a complete list of mitigation measures for handling excavated materials.

5.2 Waste Management Measures

5.2.1 When handling the waste material, the Contractor shall follow and comply with the following legislation and guidelines:

(i) The Contractor shall be aware of, and comply with, the Waste Disposal Ordinance, the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinances, the Water Pollution Control Ordinance and the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General Regulation).

(ii) The Contractor's attention is drawn to A Guide to the Chemical Waste Control Scheme; A Guide to the Registration of Chemical Waste Producers; and the Code of Practice on the Packing, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes.

(iii) The Contractor shall comply with and complete the procedures in the following Works Branch Technical Circulars (WBTC) or Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical Circulars (ETWB):

• WBTC No. 2/93 – Public Dumps

• WBTC No. 2/93B – Public Filling Facilities

• WBTC No. 16/96 – Wet soil in Public Dumps

• WBTC No. 4/98) Use of Public Fill in Reclamation

4/98A) and Earth Filling Projects

• WBTC No. 25/99) Incorporation of Information on

25/99A) Construction and Demolition

25/99C) Material Management in PWSC Papers

• WBTC No. 12/2000 Fill Management

• WBTC No. 19/2001 Metallic Site Hoardings and Signboard.

• WBTC No. 12/2002 Specification Facilitating the Use of Recycled Aggregates

• ETWB TCW No. 33/2002 Management of Construction and Demolition Material including Rock.

• ETWB TCW No. 34/2002 Management of Dredged/Excavated Sediments.

• ETWB TCW No. 31/2004 Trip-ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Material

• ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 Environmental Management on Construction Sites

Contaminated Sediments

5.2.2 A detailed Sediment Quality Report (SQR) was conducted in accordance with ETWB TCW 34/2002 to ascertain the degree of sediment contamination and to estimate the volume of sediment that required disposal such that appropriate marine disposal sites can be allocated by the relevant authorities. According to the chemical testing results, the sediments are classified as Category L and M. The Category M sediments failed the biological screening test.

5.2.3 The SQR was approved by EPD and the Marine Fill Committee (MFC) of CEDD allocated the East Sha Chau facility as the marine disposal site for the excavated sediment arising from KT13. Under the general allocation conditions by MFC, the following information should be submitted to the relevant authorities once they are available.

5.2.4 Prior to the commencement of dumping the Engineer shall submit to the Director of Environmental Protection and the Secretary MFC, an estimated programme for the dumping of mud at the mud disposal site(s) during the contract. This programme shall be resubmitted whenever significant programme changes occur.

5.2.5 The Contractor shall submit, through the Engineer, to the Director of Environmental Protection and the Secretary MFC, monthly returns showing the volumes of sediments dumped at the mud disposal site(s) in the previous month together with an estimation of the volumes to be dumped in the following month.

5.2.6 The Contractor shall submit to the Director of Environmental Protection, a method statement covering the disposal of contaminated mud and this method must be approved before a licence for marine dumping can be issued.

5.2.7 At least one week prior to commencement of the excavation works, the Engineer shall submit to the Secretary MFC a programme of work showing the volume of contaminated sediment to be excavated per month during the term of the contract. Thereafter, on a monthly basis, the Engineer shall submit a revised programme taking into account the volume disposed of during the preceding month.

5.2.8 The Contractor shall make a formal application to EPD for a dumping permit under the Dumping at Sea Ordinance (DASO) (Cap.466). If the permit is granted, the Contractor shall ensure the permit conditions are met to the satisfaction of EPD.

5.2.9 Excavation of contaminated sediments is of particular concern. The Contractor should implement the proposed water quality mitigation measures (see Chapter 4) to prevent inadvertent release of contaminated sediment or runoff to the surrounding water bodies during excavation.

Concrete Waste

5.2.10 Concrete is the material to be used in the construction of bypass culvert. Of the volume of concrete supplied, it is assumed that approximately 3-5% of the concrete used will be lost to waste. Dry concrete waste will be sorted out from the other wastes and delivered to the recycling plant at Tuen Mun Area 38 for recycling into aggregates.

General Works Waste

5.2.11 The following wastes will be generated during the construction phase:

• Wooden materials from formwork and site fencing;

• Chemical waste - oils, lubricants, paints and solvents;

• Aqueous waste;

• Slurries including bentonite slurries or similar grouts;

• Sewage; and

• Municipal waste.

Wooden Materials

5.2.12 Different kinds of wooden materials are essential to the construction project, such as wooden boards used as falsework and formwork for concrete structures, erection of site boundaries, as well as bamboo for scaffolding. Wooden materials are important and valuable resources.

5.2.13 All wooden materials used on site should be kept separate from other wastes. Wooden boards will be reused on site several times until the quality of the boards is no longer suitable for re-use. Boards used should be capable of being reused at least five times, thus keeping the wastage rate down to around 20%. Timber which cannot be reused again should be sorted and stored separately from all inert waste before being disposed of to landfill. On-site incineration of wooden waste is prohibited under the Air Pollution Control Ordinance, Open Burning Regulation. It is an offence under law to burn construction waste in open space. On completion of construction phase, remaining reusable wooden material shall be sorted and used at other construction sites by the same contractor or sold to other construction sites.

5.2.14 Reusable steel and concrete panels shall be used as a preferred alternative to wooden formwork, falsework, and site fencing.

5.2.15 The Contractor shall pay attention to WBTC No. 19/2001 - Metallic Site Hoardings and Signboards. This was introduced to reduce the amount of timber used on construction sites.

Chemical Waste

5.2.16 Where the construction processes produce chemical waste, the Contractor must register with EPD as a Chemical Waste Producer. Wastes classified as chemical wastes are listed in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation. EPD requires information on the particulars of the waste generation processes including the types of waste produced, their location, quantities and generation rates. A contact person shall be registered with EPD. Storage areas for chemical wastes shall have adequate ventilation and be covered to prevent rain entering.

5.2.17 Storage, handling, transport and disposal of chemical waste shall be arranged in accordance with the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes published by EPD.

5.2.18 The main chemical waste types arising from the construction sites are likely to be engine oils, lubricants, paints and solvents. Oily waste may be in the form of raw waste, or as sundries such as spent oil filters, or materials used to absorb oil leaks. Various storage and disposal measures are recommended in the Code of Practice to minimize impacts from these chemical sources. The expected quantity of such waste is limited.

5.2.19 Any construction plant which is likely to leak oil, shall have absorbent inert material e.g. sand, placed beneath it. This material shall be replaced on a regular basis and the contaminated material stored in a designated, secure place.

5.2.20 Lubricants, waste oil, waste paints and solvents shall be collected by a licensed collector for chemical waste and disposed at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre, Tsing Yi or other licensed facility.

Wheel Wash Waste

5.2.21 All vehicles leaving any of the works areas will pass through a wheelwash at the site access/exit. If, at any time, further entry/exit points are created, they will be provided with similar facilities. The wheelwash will be regularly cleaned to remove sediment, a process which may produce muddy wastewater. These wastewaters shall be directed into settlement ponds. Clarified wheel waste water will be recycled at the wheel wash facility. Settled sediments will be dried and disposed in the same way as inert excavated material. The maintenance of the wheelwash will be the responsibility of the Contractor undertaking the construction works.

Sewage

5.2.22 Mobile chemical toilets shall be provided for site staff at locations away from stream sides. The Contractor shall arrange for regular collection of sewage by licenced contractors for disposal to government sewer. There will not be any temporary canteen. It will be the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that sewage disposal complies with the standards set out in the Technical Memorandum on Effluents Discharged into Drainage and Sewerage Systems, Inland and Coastal Waters.

Municipal/Domestic Waste

5.2.23 Solid and liquid wastes will be generated by the construction workers during the clearance/construction period. The quantity of municipal waste generated is estimated to be 1.21 kg/employee/day (EPD, 1999). A temporary refuse collection station shall be set up by the Contractor. Municipal waste shall be collected regularly and delivered to the Northeast New Territories (NENT) Landfill.

5.2.24 Provision and collection of skips for different types of recyclable waste is the responsibility of the Contractor. Arrangements shall be made directly with the recycling companies, for example, the paper merchants, to collect the waste as required.

5.2.25 A summary of the solid waste generated as a result of the construction phase is presented in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1

Construction Wastes Generated by the Proposed Works

Area	Major Activities	Waste Type
All	Site clearance	Vegetation Topsoil
All	Demolition	Concrete Bricks/Tiles Ferrous Metal Wooden and other non-inert waste
All	Excavation	Fill Material (Assorted spoil from previous civil projects nearby. Contains rocks of various size and soil, debris of pipes and other inert rubbish such as plastic. Not suitable for re‑use on site or other projects.) Clean Sediments Contaminated sediments
All	General site Activities	Sewage Municipal Wastes Packaging Materials Chemical Waste

5.3 Potential for Recycling or Re-Use of Construction Wastes

5.3.1 As a result of the large variety of wastes which will be generated during the construction of KT13, the establishment of an efficient collection system is required to achieve environmental objectives.

5.3.2 The volume of material requiring disposal should be reduced as far as possible by incorporating the considerations for re‑use, and recycling and disposal requirement for the large variety of the wastes which will arise from the construction of KT13. The potential for re‑use and disposal for each type of waste is discussed in Table 5.2.

5.3.3 Disposal of waste materials must be carefully planned during the construction phase. Material must be stored in appropriate locations to avoid nuisance and protected from runoff before transportation off site. The material should be dried sufficiently before transportation to avoid runoff onto the road, and loads should be covered to prevent dust generation. Each material should be disposal of according to the locations defined in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2

Construction Waste Types and their Potential for Recycling or Re-Use

Waste Type	Works Generating Waste	Volumes Lost as Waste	Potential Re-Use or Recycling	Destinations
Inert Fill Material and Topsoil/Pond Material	Excavation works	None	Excess fill material produced during construction can be re-used.	Fill material to be reused on or off-site by Contractor. Excess fill to be sent to Public Filling Facility at Tuen Mun Area 38 or other approved Public Filling areas.
Stream bed material and material from previously filled ponds	Excavation along channel and along construction spoil in ponds filled by other nearby civil projects	Amount Significant (approximate 50%)	Dried and reusable if clean or considered of an engineering suitable grade. Otherwise to be disposed. Pond bottom deposits not likely to be suitable engineering material. Rubble filled material from previously in-filled ponds will have to be checked to see if it is of a grade suitable for re-use.	Clean deposits and spoil should be sorted and reused within works. Any excess shall be sent to Public Filling Facility at Tuen Mun Area 38 or to other approved Public filling areas.
Concrete	Demolition of current channel sides; Construction of channel	3 - 5%	Needs to be separated; re-useable material needs to be crushed.	To Public Filling Facility at Tuen Mun Area 38.
Wooden Material	Construction Demolition	20%	Reusable as lower grade shuttering or fencing on-site or other sites.	To NENT Landfill (final disposal).
Scrap metals	Construction Demolition	Small amounts	Cannot be reused on site. It will be sold to recycling company.	To NENT Landfill only if rejected by recycling companies.
Stream sediments	Excavation	100%	None	Uncontaminated sediment to East Sha Chau facility as capping material. Contaminated sediment to East Sha Chau facility.
Chemical Waste (including waste oil, lubricants, paints and solvents)	General Construction site activities/Cleaning and maintenance of site equipment/ grease traps	Small amounts	Waste oil may be collected by oil companies. For other types of chemical wastes, the recycling potential is low.	To be collected by licensed collectors for disposal at the Tsing Yi Chemical Waste Treatment Facility or other licensed facilities.
Wheel Wash Waste	Vehicle use during general works	Total volume when replaced	Settled at sedimentation ponds and recycled.	Settled sediments to be dried and disposed at public filling areas or C&D Material Recycling Plant.
Sewage	Where site workers are present	Small	None.	Chemical toilet waste to be disposed to government sewer by licensed contractor.
Municipal/ Domestic Waste	General site activities	Putrescible waste, wet paper, fabrics	Aluminium cans dry paper, and clean plastic containers (not used to contain hazardous chemicals)	To NENT Landfill after extracting recyclable items from waste stream.

5.4 Responsibilities for Construction Waste Management

5.4.1 Appropriate waste management measures should be incorporated as part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be prepared and implemented by the Contractor. This EMP should include all factors dependent on individual works sites including designation of areas for the segregation and temporary storage of materials for future use or recycling. Such provision can not be specified at this stage. Contractors should follow the recommendations of ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 for on-site separation of waste.

Furthermore, the contractor shall establish the following measures on site:

(i) Trip-ticket system In order to monitor the disposal of C&D materials and solid wastes at public filling facilities and landfills, and control fly-tipping, a trip-ticket system should be included;

(ii) Record of wastes A recording system for the amount of wastes generated, recycled and disposed (including the disposal sites) should be proposed;

(iii) Training Training should be provided to workers about the concept of site cleanliness, proper site housekeeping, and appropriate waste management procedures, including the concept of waste reduction, reuse and recycling.

5.4.2 The Public Filling Committee (PFC) review and co-ordinate the provision and operation of land based public filling facilities, whilst the Marine fill Committee (MFC) co-ordinates marine based facilities. Responsibilities for recycling, re-use or disposal of waste materials will be the Contractors generating the waste. These responsibilities are summarised in Table 5.3. All site activities should be in line with the recommendations of ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 – Environmental Management on Construction Sites and WBTC 12/2000 – Fill Management.

5.4.3 Under present practices, Contractors handle their own wastes, often without separating different types of waste resulting in incorrect disposal of wastes. Under the guidelines of the EMP and ETWB TCW No. 19/2005, the Contractor is required to separate re‑usable materials wastes, to minimize adverse impact on the environment. ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 includes a specification clause to facilitate this.

Table 5.3

Responsibilities for Waste Collection, Recycling and

Disposal during the Construction Phase

Waste Type	Responsibility for Collection of Waste	Responsibility for Transport of Waste Off-Site	Responsibility for Recycling	Responsibility for Disposal
Excavated Material	Contractor	Contractor	Contractor, for the portion of fill re-used on site. For surplus fill, CEDD (Port Works) defines sites that require fill.	Contractor
Concrete	Contractor	Contractor	CEDD (Port Works) defines sites which require fill.	Contractor
Wooden Material	Contractor	Contractor	Contractor	Contractor
Scrap Metals	Contractor	Contractor	Contractor	Contractor
Municipal / domestic waste	Contractor to arrange licensed contractors	Licensed contractors	Not applicable	Contractor
Wheel Wash Waste	Contractor	Contractor (settled material)	Contractor	Contractor
Sewage	Contractor to arrange licensed contractors	Licensed contractors	Not applicable	Licensed contractors to sewage treatment works operated by DSD
Sediments	Contractor	Contractor	Not applicable	Contractor to location approved by Marine Fill Committees (MFC).
Chemical Waste (including waste oil, lubricants, paints and solvents)	Contractor to arrange licensed collectors	Licensed collectors	Not applicable	Licensed collectors of chemical wastes to Chemical Waste Treatment Facility at Tsing Yi or other licensed facilities

5.4.4 The Contractor shall also pay attention to the Waste Disposal Ordinance, the Dumping at Sea Ordinance, the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance and the Water Pollution Control Ordinance, and carry out the appropriate waste management work. The relevant licence/permit, such as the effluent discharge licence, the chemical waste producer registration, etc. shall be obtained. The Contractor shall refer to the relevant booklets issued by EPD when applying for the licence/permit.

5.4.5 During the site inspections and the document review procedures as mentioned in this manual, the ET Leader shall pay special attention to the issues relating to waste management, and check whether the Contractor has followed the relevant contract specifications and the procedures specified under the law of HKSAR.