This
Annex provides details of all the assumptions and data used in the Consequence
Analysis.
In
the analysis, the source terms of the release are defined for the various
failure scenarios, conditions and dimensions specified. The outputs of the
source term modelling are then used for computational analysis of the release
consequences, based on the selected release parameters. The modelling is
performed using the PHAST suite of
models.
The
process facility was divided into 23 isolatable sections. The following
information is specified for each section:
·
Phase of the fluid (liquid/gas)
·
Nature of section
(piping/pumps/vessels/unloading arms)
·
Number of equipment items
·
Length of section (m)
·
Pipe diameter (mm)
·
Temperature (°C)
·
Pressure (bara)
·
Density of the fluid (kg/m3)
·
Inventory of the section (kg)
·
Pumping rate (kg/s)
Table 1.1 lists the
details adopted for each process section.
Discharge
Rate
For
catastrophic failures from liquid piping systems, the pumping rate is taken as
the discharge rate. It is further assumed that such a release would have
minimal momentum, air entrainment and vaporisation and hence would form a
liquid pool on the ground. If ignited, this will result in a pool fire,
otherwise the pool will vaporise to give a vapour cloud.
Table 1.1 Release
Source Term Information
|
Code |
Scenario
Name |
Fluid
Phase |
Nature
of Section |
No. of
Items |
Length
of Section (m) |
Pipe
Diameter (mm) |
Pressure
(bara) |
Temperature
(ºC) |
Density
(kg/m3) |
Inventory
(kg) |
Pumping
Rate (kg/s) |
|
L01 |
Liquid Piping
from Tank to HP Pump |
Liquid |
Piping |
1 |
450 |
500 |
7.50 |
-161.5 |
464 |
40,977 |
248 |
|
L02 |
Liquid
Unloading Arm |
Liquid |
Unloading Arm |
3 |
20 |
400 |
5.51 |
-161.6 |
464 |
1,166 |
601 |
|
L03 |
Liquid
Transfer Pipe from Jetty to Shore End |
Liquid |
Piping |
2 |
120 |
700 |
5.50 |
-161.5 |
464 |
21,417 |
601 |
|
L04 |
Liquid from
HP Pump Discharge to Vaporisers (ORV/SCV) |
Liquid |
Piping |
1 |
70 |
400 |
106 |
-155.2 |
464 |
4,062 |
251 |
|
L05 |
Liquid
Transfer Pipe from Shore End to Tank |
Liquid |
Piping |
2 |
380 |
700 |
5.50 |
-161.5 |
464 |
67,821 |
601 |
|
L06 |
Liquid in
Recondenser |
Liquid |
Process
Vessel |
1 |
N/A |
N/A |
6.50 |
-160.5 |
463 |
46,000 |
100 |
|
G07 |
Gas from
Metering Station to |
Gas |
Piping |
1 |
500 |
750 |
102 |
5.0 |
79.4 |
17,538 |
251 |
|
G08 |
Gas from
Vaporisers (ORV/SCV) Outlet to Metering Station |
Gas |
Piping |
1 |
60 |
750 |
104 |
5.8 |
80.8 |
2,140 |
251 |
|
G09 |
Vapour Piping
from Tank to Compressor |
Gas |
Piping |
1 |
450 |
600 |
1.08 |
-110.0 |
1.43 |
182 |
2.93 |
|
G10 |
Gas Piping
from Compressor to Recondenser |
Gas |
Piping |
1 |
40 |
400 |
6.80 |
57.0 |
4.46 |
22 |
2.93 |
|
G11 |
Recycle Gas
Piping from Compressor to Ship (till Shore End) |
Gas |
Piping |
1 |
120 |
500 |
1.05 |
-120.2 |
1.49 |
35 |
4.74 |
|
G12 |
Recycle Gas
Piping from Compressor to Ship (Shore End to Jetty) |
Gas |
Piping |
1 |
120 |
500 |
1.05 |
-120.2 |
1.49 |
35 |
4.74 |
|
G13 |
Gas Piping
from HP Compressor Discharge to Vaporiser Outlet |
Gas |
Piping |
1 |
50 |
150 |
104 |
5.8 |
80.8 |
71 |
0.78 |
|
G14 |
Vapour
Unloading Arm |
Gas |
Unloading Arm |
1 |
20 |
400 |
1.05 |
-120.2 |
1.49 |
4 |
4.54 |
|
P15 |
Ship
Compressor |
Gas |
Pump |
1 |
1 |
450 |
23.0 |
35.0 |
16.2 |
51 |
3.00 |
|
P16 |
BOG
Compressor |
Gas |
Pump |
1 |
1 |
400 |
6.80 |
57.0 |
4.46 |
11 |
1.50 |
|
P17 |
SCV
Inlet/Outlet Piping |
Gas |
Piping |
5 |
10 |
400 |
106 |
5.8 |
82.3 |
103 |
25.0 |
|
P18 |
ORV
Inlet/Outlet Piping |
Gas |
Piping |
5 |
10 |
400 |
106 |
5.8 |
82.3 |
103 |
50.3 |
|
P19 |
HP Pump
Suction/Discharge Piping |
Liquid |
Piping |
10 |
10 |
400 |
106 |
-155.2 |
464 |
580 |
51.3 |
|
P20 |
In-Tank Pump
Discharge Piping (on Tank Roof up to ESD Valve) |
Liquid |
Piping |
1 |
150 |
400 |
7.30 |
-161.5 |
464 |
8,742 |
87.0 |
|
P21 |
Piping at
Jetty between ESD Valves |
Liquid |
Piping |
1 |
120 |
600 |
5.50 |
-161.5 |
464 |
15,735 |
601 |
|
P22 |
HPBOG
Compressor |
Gas |
Pump |
1 |
1 |
450 |
102 |
35.0 |
71.7 |
228 |
0.78 |
|
T23 |
LNG Storage
Tank |
Liquid |
Tank |
3 |
N/A |
N/A |
1.08 |
-161.5 |
464 |
83,520,000 |
N/A |
The discharge rate from holes (other
than catastrophic rupture) is calculated by the release models within PHAST, based on the hole size and
process conditions listed in Table 1.1. For discharge rates below the
pumping rate, it is assumed that the system will maintain some pressure and the
releases will be a momentum release or liquid jet. If ignited, this will result
in a jet fire, otherwise the jet will entrain air, vaporise and disperse to
give a vapour cloud. If the discharge rate for a given hole size is calculated
to be higher than the pumping rate, then the pumping rate is taken as the
release rate. It is further assumed that such cases will have lost pressure and
hence the release will be a non-momentum release resulting in a liquid pool on
the ground, in a similar manner as a catastrophic failure.
For
gas releases, all releases will be pressurised releases. The system pressure
will fall gradually upon isolation leading to time varying discharge rate. The
‘initial’ discharge rate is used as a steady state release for the duration of
release. If ignited immediately, it would result in a fire ball or jet fire,
otherwise the gas would disperse as a vapour cloud.
A
range of hole sizes are considered in the analysis, including 10mm, 50mm, 100mm
and full bore ruptures. Catastrophic rupture of process vessels is also
considered.
Two
release durations are considered for releases from piping:
·
2 minute release
·
10 minute release
Due
to the provision of gas, low temperature and fire detectors and an emergency
shutdown system for the terminal, it is assumed that releases can be detected
and shutdown initiated within about 2 minutes. Detection and shutdown may
however, fail or be delayed. To account for this case, a 10 minute release
scenario is also considered.
For
releases from process vessels, e.g.
the recondenser, the entire inventory is assumed to be released
instantaneously.
For
unloading arm failures, a shorter release time is assumed due to the presence
of personnel in the vicinity who can initiate emergency shutdown (in addition
to the fire and gas detection system) and also due to the provision of
detectors for excessive movement of the arm which will initiate an automatic
shutdown. Two release durations are considered:
·
30 seconds release
·
2 minute release
For
unloading arm failures, only one unloading arm failure is considered. Even for
the case of common cause failures such as excessive movement or carrier
drifting away, the probability of failure of emergency release coupling of more
than one is considered to be insignificant. The 2-minute release duration
therefore represents the case of failure of isolation of one arm. Duration
longer than 2 minutes is not considered significant given that the transfer
pumps on the carrier can be stopped, which will stop any further release.
Table 1.2 shows the
list of release scenarios along with the corresponding consequence model used
in the consequence modelling software, PHAST.
Table
1.2 Release
Scenarios and Consequence Models Applied
|
Release
Scenario |
Release Type |
Model
Applied in PHAST |
|
10mm leak |
Leak |
Leak |
|
25mm leak |
Leak |
Leak |
|
50mm leak |
Leak |
Leak |
|
100mm leak |
Leak |
Leak |
|
Full bore
rupture, instantaneous release |
Rupture |
Catastrophic
Rupture |
|
Full bore
rupture, continuous release |
Rupture |
Leak |
Liquid
and gas leaks from holes smaller than full bore rupture are modelled using the
“leak” model within PHAST. This is essentially a steady state calculation which
determines the dispersion of the liquid or gas jet based on a steady discharge
rate taken as the initial discharge rate. This is a reasonable representation
of reality given that the time needed to reach a fully developed plume is
typically less than a minute. There is therefore little difference between a 10-minute
release, a 2-minute release and even a 30s release.
Liquid
releases from a full bore rupture or large hole, such that a non-momentum
release occurs, gives a liquid pool the size of which does depend on the
inventory released and hence the release duration. If isolation is successful,
the inventory is taken to be the entire contents of that section of piping or
process vessel. It is assumed to be released instantaneously using the
“catastrophic rupture” model with PHAST. This model calculates the transient
pool size taking into consideration gravitation, vaporisation and surface
tension effects. For isolation failure a 10-minute release at the pumping rate
is used for the pool calculations.
Gas
releases from a catastrophic rupture are assumed to give a fire ball if ignited
immediately; otherwise a dispersing gas plume is formed. If isolation fails, a
continuous jet fire is assumed to occur.
Tank
Failure Modelling
A
catastrophic failure of an LNG storage tanks is modelled as an instantaneous
release. Although a catastrophic failure releasing 100% of the tank contents
instantaneously is not realistic, there is little difference in the consequence
results compared to say a release over several minutes. Modelling the release
as instantaneous is therefore a conservative approach to cover all large leaks
and catastrophic failures.
Due
to the coastal location of the site and the natural gradient of the terrain, a
large release would form a liquid pool that quickly flowed into the ocean. The
boundary wall would contain much of this and thereby limit the vaporisation
rate and hence the hazard distances. A conservative approach is again adopted
and an uncontained release directly on water is assumed.
The
models employed are unable to allow for the drainage into the sea and the
confinement created by the coastline. Instead, the models assume an isotropic
spreading of the liquid pool. This leads to further conservative in that the
model assumes that the liquid pool spreads towards land populations which is
impossible in reality.
The
inventory in the tanks will vary. A tank will be near full after unloading from
a carrier and will gradually be emptied. Based on tank size, throughput and
operating philosophy, the tanks were conservatively estimated to be full 74% of
the time and half full the remaining 26% of the time. Two scenarios were
therefore modelled for tank failure: a full tank and a half tank.
Vapour
Cloud Explosions
The
TNO Multi Energy model is used for modelling overpressures. The potential for
vapour cloud
explosions (VCE) is considered only for liquid releases in the process areas.
Gas releases are not considered because natural gas is buoyant and is unlikely
to remain confined near the ground. Liquid releases however, form a dense
vapour that can persist near the ground. An unconfined release will not produce
any overpressure (explode) upon ignition. Some degree of confinement is
required and this occurs only in the process areas.
A volume of 60m x 36m x 5m =
10800 m3 is assumed to be representative of the congested volume,
based on the site layout. The stoichiometric mixture for hydrocarbons is
typically 0.1kg/m3 giving a required mass of hydrocarbons of 1 tonne
within the congested volume. Since the degree of congestion is small and not
all releases will be completely confined within this volume, VCE was only
considered for LNG releases with an inventory greater than about 2 t.
A
summary of the modelling input parameters used for PHAST are listed in Table 1.3.
Table 1.3 Consequence
Input Parameters
|
BLEVE Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum SEP for a BLEVE |
|
400.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
Fireball radiation intensity level 1 |
7.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
|
Fireball radiation intensity level 2 |
14.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
|
Fireball radiation intensity level 3 |
21.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
|
Mass Modification Factor |
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
Fireball Maximum Exposure Duration |
30.00 |
s |
|
|
|
Ground Reflection |
|
Ground Burst |
|
|
|
Ideal Gas Modeling |
|
Model as real gas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discharge Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuous Critical Weber number |
12.50 |
|
|
|
|
Instantaneous Critical Weber number |
12.50 |
|
|
|
|
Venting equation constant |
|
24.82 |
|
|
|
Relief valve safety factor |
|
1.20 |
|
|
|
Minimum RV diameter ratio |
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Critical pressure greater than flow phase |
0.34 |
bar |
|
|
|
Maximum release velocity |
|
500.00 |
m/s |
|
|
Minimum drop size allowed |
|
0.00 |
mm |
|
|
Maximum drop size allowed |
|
10.00 |
mm |
|
|
Default Liquid Fraction |
|
1.00 |
fraction |
|
|
Continuous Drop Slip factor |
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Instantaneous Drop Slip factor |
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Pipe-Fluid Thermal Coupling |
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
Number of Time Steps |
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
Maximum Number of Data Points |
|
1,000.00 |
|
|
|
Non-Return Valve velocity head losses |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
Pipe roughness |
|
0.046 |
mm |
|
|
Shut-Off Valve velocity head losses |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
Excess Flow Valve velocity head losses |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
Default volume changes |
|
3.00 |
/hr |
|
|
Line length |
|
10.00 |
m |
|
|
Elevation |
|
1.00 |
m |
|
|
Atmospheric Expansion Method |
|
Closest to Initial Conditions |
|
|
|
Tank Roof Failure Model Effects |
|
Instantaneous Effects |
|
|
|
Outdoor Release Direction |
|
Horizontal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dispersion Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dense cloud parameter gamma (continuous) |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
Dense cloud parameter gamma (instant) |
0.30 |
|
|
|
|
Dense cloud parameter k (continuous) |
1.15 |
|
|
|
|
Dense cloud parameter k (instantaneous) |
1.15 |
|
|
|
|
Jet entrainment coefficient alpha1 |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
Jet entrainment coefficient alpha2 |
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
Ratio instantaneous/continuous sigma-y |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
Ratio instantaneous/continuous sigma-z |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
Distance multiple for full passive entrainment |
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
Quasi-instantaneous transition parameter |
0.80 |
|
|
|
|
Impact parameter - plume/ground |
0.80 |
|
|
|
|
Expansion zone length/source diameter ratio |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
Drop/expansion velocity for inst. release |
0.80 |
|
|
|
|
Drag coefficient between plume and ground |
1.50 |
|
|
|
|
Drag coefficient between plume and air |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
Default bund height |
|
0.00 |
m |
|
|
Maximum temperature allowed |
|
626.85 |
degC |
|
|
Minimum temperature allowed |
|
-263.15 |
degC |
|
|
Minimum release velocity for cont. release |
0.10 |
m/s |
|
|
|
Minimum integration step size (Instantaneous) |
0.10 |
s |
|
|
|
Maximum integration step size (Instantaneous) |
1,000.00 |
s |
|
|
|
Minimum integration step size (Continuous) |
0.10 |
m |
|
|
|
Maximum integration step size (Continuous) |
100.00 |
m |
|
|
|
Maximum distance for dispersion |
50,000.00 |
m |
|
|
|
Maximum height for dispersion |
|
1,000.00 |
m |
|
|
Minimum cloud depth |
|
0.02 |
m |
|
|
Expansion energy cutoff for droplet angle |
0.69 |
kJ/kg |
|
|
|
Droplet evaporation thermodynamics model |
Rainout, Non-equilibrium |
|
|
|
|
Flag for mixing height |
|
Constrained |
|
|
|
Accuracy for integration of dispersion |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
Accuracy for droplet integration |
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
-20.00 |
|
|
|
|
Flag to reset rainout position |
|
Do not reset rainout position |
|
|
|
Surface over which the dispersion occurs |
Water |
|
|
|
|
Minimum Vapor Fraction for Convection |
0.00 |
fraction |
|
|
|
Coefficient of Initial Rainout |
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
Minimum Continuous Release Height |
0.00 |
m |
|
|
|
Flag for finite duration correction |
Finite Duration Correction |
|
|
|
|
Near Field Passive Entrainment Parameter |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
Jet Model |
|
Morton et.al. |
|
|
|
Maximum Cloud/Ambient Velocity Difference |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
Maximum Cloud/Ambient Density Difference |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
Maximum Non-passive entrainment fraction |
0.30 |
|
|
|
|
Maximum |
|
15.00 |
|
|
|
Core Averaging Time |
|
18.75 |
s |
|
|
Ground Drag Model |
|
New (Recommended) |
|
|
|
Flag for Heat/Water vapor transfer |
Heat and Water |
|
|
|
|
Richardson Number for passive transition above pool |
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
Pool Vaporization entrainment parameter |
1.50 |
|
|
|
|
Modeling of instantaneous expansion |
Standard Method |
|
|
|
|
Minimum concentration of interest |
0.00 |
fraction |
|
|
|
Maximum distance of interest |
|
10,000.00 |
m |
|
|
Model In Use |
|
Best Estimate |
|
|
|
Maximum Initial Step Size |
|
10.00 |
m |
|
|
Minimum Number of Steps per Zone |
5.00 |
|
|
|
|
Factor for Step Increase |
|
1.20 |
|
|
|
Maximum Number of Output Steps |
1,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flammables Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Height for calculation of flammable effects |
0.00 |
m |
|
|
|
Flammable result grid step in X-direction |
10.00 |
m |
|
|
|
LFL fraction to finish |
|
0.85 |
|
|
|
Flammable angle of inclination |
|
0.00 |
deg |
|
|
Flammable inclination |
|
Variable |
|
|
|
Flammable mass calculation method |
Mass between LFL and UFL |
|
|
|
|
Flammable Base averaging time |
|
18.75 |
s |
|
|
Cut Off Time for Short Continuous Releases |
20.00 |
s |
|
|
|
Observer type radiation modelling flag |
Planar |
|
|
|
|
Probit A Value |
|
-36.38 |
|
|
|
Probit B Value |
|
2.56 |
|
|
|
Probit N Value |
|
1.33 |
|
|
|
Height for reports |
|
Centreline Height |
|
|
|
Angle of orientation |
|
0.00 |
deg |
|
|
Relative tolerance for radiation calculations |
0.02 |
fraction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum release duration |
|
3,600.00 |
s |
|
|
Height for concentration output |
|
0.00 |
m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jet Fire Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum SEP for a Jet Fire |
|
400.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
Jet Fire Averaging Time |
|
20.00 |
s |
|
|
Jet fire radiation intensity level 1 |
|
7.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
Jet fire radiation intensity level 2 |
|
14.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
Jet fire radiation intensity level 3 |
|
21.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
Rate Modification Factor |
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
Jet Fire Maximum Exposure Duration |
30.00 |
s |
|
|
|
Model Correlation Type |
|
Shell |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pool Fire Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Min. pool duration
for pool fire risk(Cont. releases) |
10.00 |
s |
|
|
|
Pool fire radiation intensity level 1 |
7.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
|
Pool fire radiation intensity level 2 |
14.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
|
Pool fire radiation intensity level 3 |
21.00 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
|
Pool Fire Maximum Exposure Duration |
30.00 |
s |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pool Vaporization Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Toxics Cut-off rate for pool evaporation |
0.00 |
kg/s |
|
|
|
Flammable Cut-off rate for pool evaporation |
0.10 |
kg/s |
|
|
|
Concentration Power |
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Maximum No. Pool Evaporation Rates |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
Pool minimum thickness |
|
5.00 |
mm |
|
|
Surface thermal conductivity |
|
0.00 |
kJ/m.s.degK |
|
|
Surface roughness factor |
|
2.63 |
|
|
|
Surface thermal diffusivity (per second) |
0.00 |
m2/s |
|
|
|
Status of Bund |
|
No bund present |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weather Parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atmospheric pressure |
|
1.01 |
bar |
|
|
Atmospheric molecular weight |
|
28.97 |
|
|
|
Atmospheric specific heat at constant pressure |
1.00 |
kJ/kg.degK |
|
|
|
Wind speed reference height (m) |
|
10.00 |
m |
|
|
Temperature reference height (m) |
0.00 |
m |
|
|
|
Cut-off height for wind speed profile (m) |
1.00 |
m |
|
|
|
Wind speed profile |
|
Power Law |
|
|
|
Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure Profile |
Temp.Logarithmic; Pres.Linear |
|
|
|
|
Atmospheric temperature |
|
23.00 |
degC |
|
|
Relative humidity |
|
0.77 |
fraction |
|
|
Surface Roughness Parameter |
|
0.043 |
|
|
|
Surface Roughness Length |
|
0.912 |
mm |
|
|
Roughness or Parameter |
|
Parameter |
|
|
|
Dispersing surface temperature |
|
23.00 |
degC |
|
|
Default surface temperature of bund |
23.00 |
degC |
|
|
|
Solar radiation flux |
|
0.50 |
kW/m2 |
|
|
Building Exchange Rate |
|
4.00 |
/hr |
|
|
Tail Time |
|
1,800.00 |
s |
1.5
Consequence End-Point Criteria
The
end-point criteria are used to define the impact level at which a fatality
could result.
Thermal
Radiation
The
following equation [1] is used to determine impacts of thermal radiation from
pool fires and jet fires to persons unprotected by clothing.
Y = -36.38 +
2.56 ln (t I 4/3) (1)
where
is the radiant thermal flux (W/m2) and Y is the probit function which is related to the probability of
fatality. This equation gives the data points presented in Table 1.4, assuming a 30-second
exposure time. For areas lying between any two radiation flux contours, the
equivalent fatality level is estimated as follows:
·
For areas
beyond the 50% fatality contour, the equivalent fatality is calculated using a
2/3 weighting towards the lower contour. For example, the equivalent fatality
between the 1% and 50% contours is calculated as 2/3 x 1 + 1/3 x 50 = 17%;
·
For areas
within the 50% contour, the equivalent fatality is calculated with a 2/3
weighting towards the upper contour. For example, the equivalent fatality
between the 90% and 50% contours is calculated as 2/3 x 90 + 1/3 x 50 = 77%.
The
different approach above and below the 50% fatality contour is due to the
sigmoid shape of the probit function.
Table
1.4 Levels
of Harm for 30s Exposure to Heat Fluxes
|
Incident
Thermal Flux (kW/m2) |
Fatality
Probability for 30s Exposure |
Equivalent
Fatality Probability for Area between Radiation Flux Contours |
|
|
7.3 |
1% |
} } } |
17% |
|
14.4 |
50% |
77% |
|
|
20.9 35.5 |
90% 99.9% |
97% |
|
Vapour
Cloud Dispersion / Flash Fire
With
regard to flash fires, the criterion chosen is that a 100% fatality is assumed
for any person outdoors within the flash fire envelope. In this study, the
extent of the flash fire is assumed to be the dispersion distance to 85% of the
LFL for a conservative evaluation.
Overpressure Effects
The
impact on humans due to overpressure from a vapour cloud explosion is modelled
as follows:
·
Overpressure level 5 psi : 50% fatality
·
Overpressure level 2 psi : 1% fatality
A
complete list of hazard distances obtained from the consequence modelling is
provided in Table 1.5.
Table
1.5 Black
Point Consequence Results
|
Section |
Phase |
Leak size |
Hazard effects |
End point |
Hazard extent (m) |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
criteria |
Weather conditions |
|||
|
|
|
L/G |
(mm) |
|
|
F, 2 m/s |
D, 3 m/s |
D, 7 m/s |
B, 2.5 m/s |
|
L01 |
Liquid Piping from |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
29 |
26 |
21 |
28 |
|
L01 |
Tank to HP Pump |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
27 |
25 |
23 |
25 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
30 |
28 |
25 |
29 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
35 |
33 |
29 |
34 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
33 |
32 |
26 |
31 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
10 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
63 |
57 |
46 |
60 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
67 |
63 |
55 |
65 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
71 |
67 |
59 |
70 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
79 |
76 |
67 |
78 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
88 |
101 |
108 |
99 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
25 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
114 |
102 |
82 |
107 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
126 |
117 |
102 |
121 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
134 |
125 |
110 |
129 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
150 |
140 |
125 |
144 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
171 |
189 |
236 |
187 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
50 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
203 |
182 |
147 |
191 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
232 |
215 |
188 |
223 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
247 |
230 |
203 |
237 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
275 |
259 |
232 |
266 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
312 |
356 |
461 |
350 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
100 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
61 |
64 |
70 |
62 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
80 |
83 |
86 |
82 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
121 |
121 |
120 |
121 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
782 |
561 |
653 |
389 |
|
|
|
|
|
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
61 |
64 |
70 |
62 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
80 |
83 |
86 |
82 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
121 |
121 |
120 |
121 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
464 |
514 |
694 |
507 |
|
L01 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L02 |
Liquid Unloading |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
28 |
25 |
21 |
27 |
|
L02 |
Arm |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
24 |
22 |
25 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
29 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
34 |
32 |
28 |
33 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
34 |
32 |
25 |
32 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
62 |
55 |
45 |
58 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
65 |
60 |
53 |
62 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
70 |
65 |
57 |
67 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
79 |
73 |
65 |
76 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
87 |
102 |
107 |
100 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
110 |
99 |
80 |
104 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
122 |
112 |
98 |
117 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
130 |
121 |
106 |
125 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
145 |
136 |
121 |
140 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
171 |
191 |
231 |
193 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
196 |
176 |
142 |
185 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
224 |
207 |
181 |
215 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
239 |
222 |
196 |
229 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
266 |
250 |
225 |
257 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
315 |
355 |
455 |
347 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
413 |
170 |
147 |
107 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
L02 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
715 |
801 |
1102 |
785 |
|
L03 |
Liquid Transfer Pipe |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
28 |
25 |
21 |
27 |
|
L03 |
from Jetty to Shore |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
24 |
22 |
25 |
|
L03 |
End |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
29 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
34 |
32 |
28 |
33 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
34 |
32 |
25 |
32 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
62 |
55 |
45 |
58 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
65 |
60 |
53 |
62 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
70 |
65 |
57 |
67 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
79 |
73 |
65 |
76 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
87 |
102 |
107 |
100 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
110 |
99 |
80 |
104 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
122 |
112 |
98 |
117 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
130 |
121 |
106 |
125 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
145 |
136 |
121 |
140 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
171 |
191 |
231 |
188 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
196 |
176 |
142 |
185 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
224 |
207 |
181 |
215 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
239 |
222 |
196 |
229 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
266 |
250 |
225 |
257 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
318 |
359 |
452 |
348 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
606 |
449 |
520 |
318 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
L03 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
715 |
801 |
1102 |
785 |
|
L04 |
Liquid from HP |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
45 |
41 |
33 |
43 |
|
L04 |
Pump Discharge to |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
47 |
44 |
38 |
45 |
|
L04 |
Vaporisers (ORV/ |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
51 |
47 |
41 |
49 |
|
L04 |
SCV) |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
57 |
53 |
47 |
55 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
37 |
37 |
37 |
37 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
10 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
100 |
90 |
73 |
94 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
111 |
103 |
89 |
107 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
118 |
109 |
95 |
113 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
130 |
121 |
107 |
125 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
104 |
106 |
114 |
104 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
25 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
182 |
163 |
132 |
171 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
207 |
191 |
165 |
199 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
218 |
202 |
176 |
209 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
240 |
224 |
199 |
231 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
220 |
227 |
249 |
223 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
50 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
31 |
31 |
31 |
31 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
63 |
66 |
74 |
65 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
83 |
86 |
90 |
85 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
126 |
126 |
125 |
126 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
323 |
339 |
372 |
334 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
100 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
31 |
31 |
31 |
31 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
63 |
66 |
74 |
65 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
83 |
86 |
90 |
85 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
126 |
126 |
125 |
126 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
414 |
243 |
234 |
176 |
|
|
|
|
|
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
31 |
31 |
31 |
31 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
63 |
66 |
74 |
65 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
83 |
86 |
90 |
85 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
126 |
126 |
125 |
126 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
323 |
339 |
372 |
334 |
|
L04 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L05 |
Liquid Transfer Pipe |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
28 |
25 |
21 |
27 |
|
L05 |
from Shore End to |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
24 |
22 |
25 |
|
L05 |
Tank |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
29 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
34 |
32 |
28 |
33 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
34 |
32 |
25 |
32 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
62 |
55 |
45 |
58 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
65 |
60 |
53 |
62 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
70 |
65 |
57 |
67 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
79 |
73 |
65 |
76 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
87 |
102 |
107 |
100 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
110 |
99 |
80 |
104 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
122 |
112 |
98 |
117 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
130 |
121 |
106 |
125 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
145 |
136 |
121 |
140 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
171 |
191 |
231 |
193 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
196 |
176 |
142 |
185 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
224 |
207 |
181 |
215 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
239 |
222 |
196 |
229 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
266 |
250 |
225 |
257 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
318 |
359 |
452 |
348 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
921 |
639 |
792 |
460 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
L05 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
715 |
801 |
1102 |
785 |
|
L06 |
Liquid in |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
28 |
25 |
20 |
26 |
|
L06 |
Recondenser |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
25 |
24 |
21 |
24 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
28 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
33 |
31 |
27 |
32 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
25 |
24 |
20 |
24 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
10 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
60 |
54 |
44 |
57 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
64 |
60 |
52 |
62 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
69 |
64 |
56 |
66 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
77 |
72 |
64 |
74 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
74 |
75 |
79 |
75 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
25 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
108 |
97 |
79 |
102 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
121 |
112 |
97 |
116 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
128 |
119 |
104 |
123 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
142 |
133 |
119 |
137 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
146 |
160 |
187 |
154 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
50 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
194 |
174 |
141 |
183 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
223 |
206 |
180 |
214 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
236 |
219 |
193 |
227 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
261 |
245 |
220 |
252 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
277 |
303 |
370 |
297 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
100 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
42 |
44 |
50 |
43 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
55 |
57 |
60 |
56 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
929 |
590 |
673 |
399 |
|
|
|
|
|
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
42 |
44 |
50 |
43 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
55 |
57 |
60 |
56 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
277 |
303 |
370 |
297 |
|
L06 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
G07 |
Gas from Metering |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
G07 |
Station to |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
19 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
|
G07 |
Limit |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
20 |
17 |
18 |
20 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
24 |
22 |
21 |
23 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
13 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
46 |
41 |
33 |
43 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
46 |
43 |
38 |
44 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
49 |
46 |
42 |
47 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
56 |
53 |
49 |
54 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
39 |
39 |
40 |
38 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
84 |
75 |
61 |
79 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
87 |
81 |
73 |
84 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
93 |
87 |
79 |
90 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
105 |
99 |
92 |
102 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
87 |
87 |
92 |
85 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
153 |
137 |
111 |
144 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
163 |
152 |
136 |
157 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
174 |
163 |
147 |
168 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
196 |
186 |
171 |
190 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
188 |
189 |
203 |
185 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
75 |
75 |
75 |
75 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
245 |
245 |
245 |
245 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
298 |
298 |
298 |
298 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
415 |
415 |
415 |
415 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
53 |
54 |
78 |
50 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
187 |
167 |
135 |
176 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
200 |
187 |
168 |
193 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
213 |
200 |
181 |
206 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
241 |
228 |
211 |
234 |
|
G07 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
243 |
244 |
263 |
239 |
|
G08 |
Gas from Vaporisers |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
G08 |
(ORV/SCV) Outlet |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
19 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
G08 |
to Metering Station |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
21 |
19 |
18 |
20 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
24 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
13 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
46 |
41 |
33 |
43 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
46 |
43 |
39 |
45 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
50 |
47 |
42 |
48 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
56 |
53 |
49 |
55 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
39 |
40 |
40 |
38 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
85 |
76 |
61 |
80 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
88 |
82 |
74 |
84 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
93 |
88 |
80 |
89 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
106 |
100 |
92 |
100 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
87 |
88 |
93 |
86 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
154 |
138 |
112 |
145 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
164 |
150 |
138 |
158 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
175 |
161 |
149 |
169 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
198 |
182 |
173 |
192 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
190 |
190 |
206 |
187 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
37 |
37 |
37 |
37 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
127 |
127 |
127 |
127 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
156 |
156 |
156 |
156 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
217 |
217 |
217 |
217 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
24 |
26 |
36 |
24 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
187 |
168 |
136 |
176 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
200 |
187 |
168 |
193 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
214 |
201 |
182 |
206 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
242 |
229 |
211 |
234 |
|
G08 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
243 |
244 |
263 |
238 |
|
G09 |
Vapour Piping from |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G09 |
Tank to Compressor |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
4 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
10 |
9 |
7 |
10 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
8 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
19 |
17 |
14 |
18 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
16 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
19 |
18 |
17 |
19 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
22 |
21 |
20 |
21 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
19 |
17 |
13 |
16 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
72 |
72 |
72 |
72 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
101 |
101 |
101 |
101 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
130 |
130 |
231 |
86 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
35 |
31 |
25 |
33 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
35 |
34 |
31 |
34 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
38 |
36 |
34 |
37 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
44 |
42 |
39 |
43 |
|
G09 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
48 |
50 |
48 |
47 |
|
G10 |
Gas Piping from |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
G10 |
Compressor to |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G10 |
Recondenser |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
22 |
20 |
16 |
21 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
18 |
20 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
23 |
21 |
19 |
22 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
26 |
25 |
23 |
26 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
15 |
14 |
13 |
14 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
27 |
24 |
20 |
25 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
21 |
22 |
25 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
28 |
22 |
24 |
27 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
32 |
26 |
28 |
31 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
19 |
19 |
18 |
18 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
37 |
37 |
37 |
37 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
52 |
52 |
52 |
52 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
5 |
5 |
8 |
5 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
27 |
24 |
20 |
25 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
21 |
22 |
25 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
28 |
22 |
24 |
27 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
32 |
26 |
28 |
31 |
|
G10 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
19 |
19 |
18 |
18 |
|
G11 |
Recycle Gas Piping |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G11 |
from Compressor to |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G11 |
Ship (till Shore End) |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
6 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
10 |
9 |
7 |
9 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
7 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
8 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
18 |
16 |
13 |
17 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
16 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
18 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
22 |
21 |
19 |
21 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
19 |
17 |
12 |
16 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
100 |
83 |
128 |
54 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
44 |
39 |
32 |
41 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
46 |
44 |
40 |
45 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
50 |
47 |
44 |
48 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
57 |
54 |
51 |
55 |
|
G11 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
73 |
78 |
82 |
73 |
|
G12 |
Recycle Gas Piping |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G12 |
from Compressor to |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G12 |
Ship (Shore End to |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G12 |
Jetty) |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
6 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
10 |
9 |
7 |
9 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
7 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
8 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
18 |
16 |
13 |
17 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
16 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
18 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
22 |
21 |
19 |
21 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
19 |
17 |
12 |
16 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
100 |
83 |
128 |
54 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
44 |
39 |
32 |
41 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
46 |
44 |
40 |
45 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
50 |
47 |
44 |
48 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
57 |
54 |
51 |
55 |
|
G12 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
73 |
78 |
82 |
73 |
|
G13 |
Gas Piping from |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
15 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
|
G13 |
HP Compressor |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
|
G13 |
Discharge to |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
12 |
14 |
|
G13 |
Vaporiser Outlet |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
15 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
12 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
15 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
12 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
15 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
12 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
44 |
44 |
44 |
44 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
75 |
75 |
75 |
75 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
7 |
8 |
11 |
8 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
15 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
12 |
14 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
|
G13 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
G14 |
Vapour Unloading |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G14 |
Arm |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
10 |
9 |
7 |
9 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
7 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
8 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
18 |
16 |
13 |
17 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
16 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
18 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
22 |
21 |
19 |
21 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
19 |
17 |
12 |
16 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
17 |
17 |
17 |
17 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
21 |
21 |
21 |
21 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
54 |
51 |
77 |
31 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
43 |
38 |
31 |
40 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
45 |
42 |
39 |
44 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
48 |
46 |
42 |
47 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
55 |
53 |
49 |
54 |
|
G14 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
71 |
76 |
78 |
70 |
|
P15 |
Ship Compressor |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
9 |
8 |
7 |
9 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
10 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
19 |
15 |
20 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
20 |
19 |
17 |
16 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
22 |
20 |
19 |
17 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
25 |
24 |
22 |
24 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
14 |
14 |
12 |
13 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
27 |
24 |
20 |
26 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
25 |
22 |
25 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
28 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
33 |
31 |
29 |
32 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
20 |
19 |
18 |
19 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
27 |
24 |
20 |
26 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
25 |
22 |
25 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
28 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
33 |
31 |
29 |
32 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
20 |
19 |
18 |
19 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
39 |
39 |
39 |
39 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
48 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
67 |
67 |
67 |
67 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
6 |
7 |
10 |
7 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
27 |
24 |
20 |
26 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
25 |
22 |
25 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
28 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
33 |
31 |
29 |
32 |
|
P15 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
20 |
19 |
18 |
19 |
|
P16 |
BOG Compressor |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
19 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
21 |
19 |
18 |
20 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
24 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
13 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
19 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
21 |
19 |
18 |
20 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
24 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
13 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
24 |
24 |
24 |
24 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
42 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
4 |
4 |
6 |
4 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
19 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
21 |
19 |
18 |
20 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
24 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
|
P16 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
13 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
|
P17 |
SCV Inlet/Outlet |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
P17 |
Piping |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
19 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
18 |
20 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
24 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
47 |
42 |
34 |
44 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
47 |
44 |
39 |
45 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
48 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
57 |
54 |
50 |
55 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
40 |
40 |
41 |
39 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
70 |
63 |
51 |
66 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
71 |
66 |
61 |
68 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
77 |
72 |
66 |
75 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
88 |
83 |
76 |
85 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
68 |
70 |
73 |
68 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
70 |
63 |
51 |
66 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
71 |
66 |
61 |
68 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
77 |
72 |
66 |
75 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
88 |
83 |
76 |
85 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
68 |
70 |
73 |
68 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
8 |
9 |
12 |
9 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
70 |
63 |
51 |
66 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
71 |
66 |
61 |
68 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
77 |
72 |
66 |
75 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
88 |
83 |
76 |
85 |
|
P17 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
68 |
70 |
73 |
68 |
|
P18 |
ORV Inlet/Outlet |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
18 |
15 |
19 |
|
P18 |
Piping |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
19 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
18 |
20 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
24 |
23 |
21 |
23 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
47 |
42 |
34 |
44 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
47 |
44 |
39 |
45 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
48 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
57 |
54 |
50 |
55 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
40 |
40 |
41 |
39 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
85 |
76 |
62 |
80 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
89 |
83 |
74 |
85 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
94 |
89 |
80 |
91 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
107 |
101 |
93 |
104 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
89 |
90 |
95 |
87 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
93 |
83 |
67 |
87 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
97 |
90 |
81 |
93 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
103 |
97 |
88 |
100 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
116 |
111 |
102 |
113 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
99 |
100 |
106 |
97 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
84 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
8 |
9 |
12 |
9 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
93 |
83 |
67 |
87 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
97 |
90 |
81 |
93 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
103 |
97 |
88 |
100 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
116 |
111 |
102 |
113 |
|
P18 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
99 |
100 |
106 |
97 |
|
P19 |
HP Pump Suction/ |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
45 |
41 |
33 |
43 |
|
P19 |
Discharge Piping |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
47 |
44 |
38 |
45 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
51 |
47 |
41 |
49 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
57 |
53 |
47 |
55 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
37 |
37 |
37 |
37 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
10 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
100 |
90 |
73 |
94 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
111 |
103 |
89 |
107 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
118 |
109 |
95 |
113 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
130 |
121 |
107 |
125 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
104 |
106 |
114 |
104 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
25 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
50 |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
50 |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
29 |
31 |
36 |
30 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
50 |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
39 |
41 |
43 |
40 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
50 |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
147 |
149 |
161 |
147 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
50 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
29 |
31 |
36 |
30 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
39 |
41 |
43 |
40 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
147 |
149 |
161 |
147 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
100 |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
29 |
31 |
36 |
30 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
39 |
41 |
43 |
40 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
410 |
128 |
135 |
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
29 |
31 |
36 |
30 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
39 |
41 |
43 |
40 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
147 |
149 |
161 |
147 |
|
P19 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Vapour cloud explosion |
2 psi |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
P20 |
In-Tank Pump |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
30 |
27 |
22 |
29 |
|
P20 |
Discharge Piping (on |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
28 |
26 |
24 |
27 |
|
P20 |
Tank Roof up to ESD |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
31 |
30 |
26 |
30 |
|
P20 |
Valve) |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
37 |
34 |
31 |
35 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
36 |
34 |
29 |
35 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
66 |
59 |
48 |
62 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
70 |
65 |
57 |
67 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
75 |
70 |
61 |
72 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
84 |
79 |
70 |
81 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
94 |
106 |
116 |
106 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
118 |
105 |
85 |
111 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
131 |
121 |
105 |
125 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
139 |
129 |
114 |
134 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
155 |
145 |
130 |
150 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
177 |
202 |
249 |
199 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
38 |
41 |
46 |
40 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
51 |
53 |
56 |
52 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
100 |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
299 |
340 |
437 |
335 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
38 |
41 |
46 |
40 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
51 |
53 |
56 |
52 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
477 |
365 |
343 |
286 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
38 |
41 |
46 |
40 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
51 |
53 |
56 |
52 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
|
P20 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
299 |
340 |
437 |
335 |
|
P21 |
Piping at Jetty |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
28 |
25 |
21 |
27 |
|
P21 |
between ESD Valves |
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
26 |
24 |
22 |
25 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
29 |
27 |
24 |
28 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
34 |
32 |
28 |
33 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
34 |
32 |
25 |
32 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
62 |
55 |
45 |
58 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
65 |
60 |
53 |
62 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
70 |
65 |
57 |
67 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
79 |
73 |
65 |
76 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
87 |
102 |
107 |
100 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
110 |
99 |
80 |
104 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
122 |
112 |
98 |
117 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
130 |
121 |
106 |
125 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
145 |
136 |
121 |
140 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
171 |
191 |
231 |
193 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
196 |
176 |
142 |
185 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
224 |
207 |
181 |
215 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
239 |
222 |
196 |
229 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
266 |
250 |
225 |
257 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
318 |
359 |
452 |
348 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
477 |
366 |
336 |
290 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
21 |
20 |
16 |
23 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
83 |
82 |
76 |
91 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
110 |
106 |
93 |
119 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Pool fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
165 |
156 |
129 |
177 |
|
P21 |
|
L |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
715 |
801 |
1102 |
785 |
|
P22 |
HP BOG Compressor |
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
16 |
14 |
11 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
10 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
18 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
10 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
16 |
14 |
11 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
25 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
18 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
25 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
16 |
14 |
11 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
50 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
18 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
50 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
16 |
14 |
11 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
100 |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
18 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
100 |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
35.5 kW/m2 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
20.9 kW/m2 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
14.4 kW/m2 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
77 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Fireball |
7.3 kW/m2 |
108 |
108 |
108 |
108 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. succ.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
11 |
12 |
15 |
11 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
16 |
14 |
11 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
20.9 kW/m2 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
14.4 kW/m2 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
15 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Jet fire |
7.3 kW/m2 |
18 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
|
P22 |
|
G |
Full bore (isoln. fail.) |
Flash fire |
0.85 LFL |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
|
T23 |
Tank Catastrophic |
L |
Full bore (high tank |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
1611 |
1597 |
1585 |
1599 |
|
|
Rupture |
|
level) |
|
20.9 kW/m2 |
1585 |
1581 |
1582 |
1579 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14.4 kW/m2 |
1910 |
1899 |
1877 |
1900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.3 kW/m2 |
2567 |
2545 |
2482 |
2550 |
|
|
|
|
|
Flash fire (full extent) |
0.85 LFL |
4800 |
4100 |
3600 |
3900 |
|
|
|
|
|
Flash fire (max. downwind) |
0.85 LFL |
17386 |
5392 |
8545 |
3960 |
|
|
|
|
Full bore (low tank |
Pool fire |
35.5 kW/m2 |
1205 |
1199 |
1182 |
1200 |
|
|
|
|
level) |
|
20.9 kW/m2 |
1242 |
1244 |
1236 |
1242 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14.4 kW/m2 |
1505 |
1501 |
1472 |
1501 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.3 kW/m2 |
2039 |
2026 |
1958 |
2030 |
|
|
|
|
|
Flash fire (full extent) |
0.85 LFL |
3500 |
3100 |
3000 |
3000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Flash fire (max. downwind) |
0.85 LFL |
13157 |
6197 |
4500 |
3083 |
[1] TNO, Methods for
the Determination of Possible Damage to People and Objects Resulting from
Releases of Hazardous Materials (The Green Book), Report CPR 16E, The