9. Land Contamination

Introduction

9.1 Contaminated land refers to the land which has been polluted by hazardous substances as a result of industrial operations carried out on site over a number of years. These contaminants if present, may pose hazardous risks or cause adverse effects to the land users and the nearby environment.

9.2 The implications of land contamination associated with the Project and its works areas have been assessed with reference to the ESB. This section summarises the site appraisal results as in the completed Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP), site investigation results as reported in the Contamination Assessment Report (CAR), and the recommended remediation works as in the Remediation Action Plan (RAP) together with the overall findings and recommendations in EIA perspective.

Environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines

9.3 The relevant environmental legislation guidelines and standards on land contamination aspect include the followings:

(i) Section 3 (Potential Contaminated Land Issues) of Annex 19 “Guidelines for Assessment of Impact on Sites of Cultural Heritage and Other Impacts” of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM).

(ii) Guidance Note for Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation” (Guidance Note 1)

Guidance Note 1 sets out the requirements for proper assessment and management of potentially contaminated sites such as oil installations (e.g. oil depots, petrol filling stations), gas works, power plants, shipyards/boatyards, chemical manufacturing/processing plants, steel mills/metal workshops, car repairing/dismantling workshops and scrap yards. In addition, this Guidance Note provides guidelines on how site assessments should be conducted and analysed and suggests practical remedial measures that can be adopted for the cleanup of contaminated sites.

(iii) Guidance Notes for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Sites of Petrol Filling Stations, Boatyards and Car Repair /Dismantling Workshop” (Guidance Note 2)

Guidance Note 2 specifically sets out guidance for land contamination assessment and remediation for sites previously used for petrol filling stations, boatyards and vehicle repair/dismantling workshops.

(iv) Guidance Manual for Use of Risk-based Remediation Goals for Contaminated Land Management (Guidance Manual)

Guidance Manual introduces the risk based approach in land contamination assessment and present instructions for comparison of soil and groundwater data to the Risk-based Remediation Goals (RBRGs) for 54 chemicals of concern commonly found in Hong Kong. The RBRGs were derived to suit Hong Kong conditions by following the international practice of adopting a risk-based methodology for contaminated land assessment and remediation and were designed to protect the health of people who could potentially be exposed to land impacted by chemicals under four broad post restoration land use categories. The RBRGs also serve as the remediation targets if remediation is necessary.

Assessment Methodology

9.4 The first step was to assess and identify any potentially contaminative sites within the project area. The following tasks have been undertaken to identify and evaluate the potential land contamination impacts associated with the Project:

· Desktop study to review the current and historical land uses;

· Acquisition of information related to potential land contamination from Environmental Compliance Division of Environmental Protection Department (EPD) and Fire Services Department (FSD) and

· Site reconnaissance to identify the existing land uses and potential.

9.5 In addition, the following sources of information have been collated and reviewed:

· Selected aerial photographs from Lands Department;

· the Hong Kong Geological Survey Maps (Series HGM20) – Sheet Nos. 2, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 11 (1:20,000);

· Information of dangerous goods for potentially contaminated areas from Fire Services Department (FSD);

· Records and photographs from site visit; and

· Relevant approved EIA report (i.e. Kowloon Southern Link (KSL) EIA (Register No.: AEIAR-083/2005) and EIA reports for Proposed Comprehensive Development at Wo Shang Wai, Yuen Long (Register No.: AEIAR-120/2008)).

9.6 According to the findings of site appraisal, the Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) as given in Appendix 9.1 was prepared and submitted to EPD. Based on the desktop reviews and site inspections, sampling locations and sampling depths for soil and groundwater at the potential contaminated sites have been proposed for the site investigation (SI) works in this CAP. The CAP also specified the sampling and testing requirements for the SI works.

9.7 Owing to time and site constraints, the site investigation is proposed in 2 stages. In Stage 1, sampling has been conducted at hotspots with the objective to preliminary assess the soil and groundwater quality through sampling and laboratory testing at worst case locations of potential contaminated sites. After the completion of the SI works, the analytical results of the soil and groundwater were interpreted using RBRGs. The nature, level and extent of the land contamination at the potential land contaminated sites were evaluated and the findings were documented in the Contamination Assessment Report (CAR). Options of remedial works for contaminated soil have been reviewed and evaluated, and appropriate remediation option has been recommended. Details are presented in the Remediation Action Plan (RAP). A copy of the CAR and RAP are given in Appendix 9.2.

9.8 Remediation works to clean up the contaminated sites if necessary will be carried following the requirements in the RAP during the construction phase.

9.9 In Stage 2, site investigation will be conducted at the rest of the site area to assess the site condition in general. Stage 2 SI will be conducted after the completion of the EIA study/land resumption and prior to the commencement of construction works at respective sites. The sites which are infeasible for inspection and/or site investigation under Stage 1 will also be assessed in this stage. Supplementary CAR(s) and if contamination found, RAP(s) will be submitted for EPD endorsement.

Description of the Environment

9.10 The Study Area of the land contamination impact assessment including the railway alignment and boundaries of all associated works areas under the Project are shown in Figure Nos. NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M50/001-003, M57/200-228 and M57/300-328 in Appendix 9.1.

9.11 Based on the engineering design available at this stage, the specific sites for this contaminated land assessment have been classified as follows:

(i) Railway alignment

9.12 The railway starts at Shenzhen-Hong Kong border in Huanggang and ends at West Kowloon Terminus with a total alignment of 26 km long. The railway will be constructed by either tunnel boring machine (TBM), cut-and-cover (C&C), and drill and blast (D&B) as shown in Figures Nos. NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M50/001-003 and 200-208 of Appendix 9.1.

(ii) West Kowloon Cut and Cover (WKCC) Section

9.13 West Kowloon Cut and Cover (WKCC) Section will cover the area occupied for West Kowloon Terminal (WKT) and its associated works area, ventilation building located next to Jordan Road (WKV), the cut and cover section for the Ventilation Building located at Mok Kok West (MKV), the construction shafts at Hoi Ting Road (HTW) and West Kowloon barging point (WKB). The WKCC Section will cover an area of approximately 420,000m² and shown in Figure Nos. NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M50/319-320 of Appendix 9.1.

(iii) Shek Kong Stabling Sidings (SSS)

9.14 Shek Kong Stabling Sidings (SSS) is a cut & cover site located at Shek Kong. The works area of SSS will take approximately 400,000m² covering the Emergency Rescue Station (ERS), approach tunnels at both ends of ERS and the nullah diversion works located at the north of the SSS as shown in Figure Nos. NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M50/305-309 of Appendix 9.1.

(iv) Ventilation Building Sites (VB)/ Emergency Access Point (EAP)

9.15 There will be a total of seven ventilation buildings along the railway corridor for tunnel ventilation and another one adjacent to the WKT for track fan and terminus ventilation. Furthermore, an Emergency Access Point (EAP) will also be provided at Tai Kong Po (TPP). A description of the VB/EAP involved is provided in Table 9.1

Table 9.1 Ventilation Building Sites/ Emergency Access Point (EAP)

Location I.D.		Description	Reference Figure in CAP (Appendix 9.1)
Northern Section	MPV	Ventilation Building Works Area in Mai Po near San Tin Highway	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/301
	NTV	Ventilation Building and Works Area in Ngau Tam Mei to the south-east of San Wai Tsuen	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/302
	TPP	Tai Kong Po Emergency Access Point	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/304-305
	PHV	Ventilation Building and Works Area in Pat Heung	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/310
Southern Section	SMV	Ventilation Building in Shing Mun	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/311
	KCV	Ventilation Building in Kwai Chung and associated Works Area	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/313
	NCV	Ventilation Building and Works Area in Nam Cheong at Sham Mong Road	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/316, 318
	MKV	Works area and Ventilation Building in Mongkok West at Hoi Wang Road (assessed under WKCC Section)	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/319
	WKV	Ventilation Building next to Jordon Road (assessed under WKCC section)	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/320

(v) Supporting Works Area

9.16 In addition to WKCC Section, SSS and VB/EAP Sites, there are fourteen supporting works area required in this Project, including the temporary construction shafts, nursery and storage areas and barging points as shown in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2 Supporting Works Area

Location I.D.	Description	Reference Figure in CAP (Appendix 9.1)
Works Areas
TUW	Tse Uk Tsuen Construction Shaft	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/310
SYW	Works Area and construction shaft in Shek Yam	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/312
MLW	Works Area and construction shaft at Mei Lai Road	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/315
LCW	Lai Chi Kok Works Area	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/315-316
HTW	Works area and construction shaft for Hoi Ting Road (assessed under WKCC Section)	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/319
Nursery and Storage Areas/ Magazine Sites
SLSW	Works Area in Siu Lang Shui for nursery purpose only	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/325
SKW	Magazine Site and works Area in So Kwun Wat for nursery and storage purpose only	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/322
TSW	Magazine Site near Tai Shu Ha Road West	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/326
Barging Points
NCB	Nam Cheong Barging Point	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/317
WKB	West Kowloon Barging Point and stockpile area nearby (assessed under WKCC Section)	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/321
RCB	Barging Point in Rambler Channel	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/314
SLB	Barging Point in Siu Lam	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/324
LKB	Barging Point in Lung Kwu Sheung Tan	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/328
TCB	Tsing Chau Tsai Barging Point	NOL/ERL/300/C/ XRL/ENS/M57/327

Identification of Potential Environmental Impacts

Identification of Impact Sources

9.17 The Project covers a lot of areas with various existing and historical uses. The Project will resume these areas for the construction of railway, stations and associated facilities. The existing structures on these areas will be decommissioned.

9.18 The issue of land contamination refers to land which has been polluted by hazardous substances as a result of industrial or commercial operations carried out on and around the site over a number of years. Very often, these contaminants pose hazardous risks or cause detrimental effects particularly to the land users. For example, toxic chemicals used in a chemical processing plant can find their way into the ground after some time through accidental spills or leaks. These toxic chemicals can contaminate the soil and groundwater. It is important that special attention be given to potentially contaminated sites to ensure their proper management, if necessary.

9.19 The identification of these potential contaminative areas within the project areas has been completed in the CAP stage through the site appraisal exercise. The technical details of the CAP are provided in the Appendix 9.1 and the list of potential contaminated sites identified in this Project has been summarized in Table 9.3.

Table 9.3 Potential Contaminated Sites Identified in this Project

Location	Site ID	Current Land Uses
Shek Kong Stabling and Sidings (SSS)
SSS	F	Construction Equipment Repair & Maintenance Workshop
	G	Scrap Yard
	L	Vehicle Repair Workshop
	M	Open Area
	P	Storage Area (“Factory”)
	Q	Parking area with minor vehicle repair /maintenance activities
	R	Vehicle Repair Workshop
	S	Vehicle Repair Workshop
Ventilation Building Sites and Emergency Access Point (VB/EAP)
MPV	D	Container truck parking area with minor repair/ maintenance activities
MPV	E	Container truck parking area with car wash and paint booth
KCV	H	Scrap Yard
Supporting Works Area
NCB	J	Container Yard
MLW	T	Car park
LCW	K	Open Area ( A chemical Storage Area was found nearby)

9.20 Some areas were not feasible for inspection on site and further site investigation as these areas were either locked or access being denied by the occupiers during site appraisal under CAP. Site inspection should be carried out to ascertain any contaminative sources and hotspots of contamination within the site when site access is granted and a revised CAP should then be submitted to EPD for endorsement. Upon completion of SI and laboratory testing, a CAR and if necessary, a RAP should also be submitted to EPD for endorsement as well. For sites which are not feasible for site investigation works, CAR and if necessary, RAP should also be prepared and submitted to EPD to endorse. Table 9.4 summarizes the areas which are infeasible for site inspection and further investigations.

Table 9.4 Areas Infeasible for Site inspection and Further Investigations

Location	Site ID	Current Land Uses
AREAS INFEASIBLE FOR ON-SITE INSPECTION AND SITE INVESTIGATION
West Kowloon Cut and Cover (WKCC) Section
WKCC	X	Golf course
Shek Kong Stabling Sidings (SSS)
SSS	I	Suspected vehicle repair workshop
	O	Suspected excavator parking area with repair / maintenance activities
	B	Suspected occupied for industrial activities
	N	Suspected occupied for industrial activities
	U	Suspected occupied for industrial activities
	V	Suspected occupied for industrial activities
	W	Suspected occupied for industrial activities
Ventilation Building Sites and Emergency Access Point
MPV	A	Suspected occupied for recycling industry
	C	Suspected to have vehicle repair activities undertaken
	WSW	Review of WSW EIA indicated the site to be occupied for lorry parking and vehicle and container storage area.
AREAS INFEASIBLE FOR SITE INVESTIGATION
Shek Kong Stabling and Sidings (SSS)
SSS	L	Vehicle Repair Workshop
	P	Storage Area (“Factory”)
	R	Vehicle Repair Workshop
Ventilation Building Sites and Emergency Access Point (VB/EAP)
MPV	E	Container truck parking area with car wash and paint booth
Supporting Sites
NCB	J	Container Yard
MLW	T	Car park
LCW	K	Open Area ( A chemical Storage Area was found nearby)

Identification of Sensitive Receivers

9.21 Construction workers are the most likely group to be exposed to any potential contaminated materials during the decommissioning stage for the identified contaminated sites. The principle exposure routes for workers include:

l Direct ingestion of contaminated soils through eating or drinking/smoking on site; and

l Dermal contact with contaminated soils.

9.22 There would be no sensitive receivers during the operational phase of the Project provided that remediation actions if necessary are completed.

9.23 During the remediation work stage, there may be environmental impacts arisen from the remediation process (e.g. air emissions and water discharges, etc) that may affect the surrounding sensitive receivers e.g. human receivers and water bodies. Proper mitigation measures should be considered and implemented for remediation work.

Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

Site Investigation Results

9.24 Potentially contaminated sites have been identified in the CAP (Appendix 9.1) and site investigation involving sampling and testing of soil and groundwater at identified hotspots have been completed. Laboratory results provide the concentrations of chemical of concerns for comparison with the RBRGs. To summarize, the results of site investigation are given in the Table 9.5 below:

Table 9.5 Summary of SI findings

Location	Site ID	No. of Drillhole	No. of Sample Tested	Compliance to Industrial RBRG	Planned Post-Restoration Land Uses
MPV	D (Container Truck Parking Area with Minor Repair/ Maintenance Activities)	1	5	All sample results complied	Railway Facilities
SSS	F (Vehicle Repair Workshop)	4	18	All sample results complied	Shek Kong Stabling Siding
SSS	G (Scrap Yard)	4	14	All sample results complied	Shek Kong Stabling Siding
SSS	Q (Parking Area with Minor Repair/ Maintenance Activities )	5	26	2 samples exceed limit for bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate	Railway Facilities
SSS	S (Vehicle Repair Workshop)	2	10	All sample results complied	Railway Facilities
SSS	M (Open Storage)	4	20	All sample results complied	Railway Facilities
KCV	H (Scrap Yard)	3	5	1 sample exceed limit for bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate	Railway Facilities
Ngau Tam Mei Landfill	LF	2	2	All sample results complied	Railway Alignment
Total	-	25	100	3 samples exceed limit for bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate	-

9.25 Most of the sites are found complied with the relevant RBRGs and hence no adverse impacts on land contamination are identified. There are two sites with small volume of contaminated soil not meeting the RBRB, and their details are given in Table 9.6 below:

Table 9.6 Location, Depth and Estimated Quantity of Contaminated Soil Found

Location	Site ID	Borehole ID	Depth with Contaminated Soil Found (m Below Base of Concrete)	Contaminant	Estimated Contamination Extent
					Vertical(m BBC) (Thickness (m))	Horizontal (m^2)	Volume (m^3)
KCV	H	2108/XRL/EDH27	0.5	bis--(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate	0-0.7m* (0.7m thick)	25	17.5
SSS	Q	2108/XRL/ EDH-Q04	1.50-2.40m		1.4m-2.9m** (1.5m thick)	25	37.5
	Q	2108/XRL/ EDH-Q-05	4.95-5.85m		4.45m-5.85*** (1.4m thick)	25	35
Estimated Total Volume of Contamination=~90m^3

Note:
* Presence of concrete and granite from 0.7m BBC to the termination of the borehole.

** Sampling at 0.50-1.40m BBC indicated no exceedance of bis--(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate.

*** Sampling at 5.85-6.75m BBC indicated no exceedance of bis--(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate.

9.26 The sites are located in Kwai Chung Ventilation Building Works Area (KCV) and Shek Kong Stabling and Sidings Works Area (SSS). The chemical of concern for both sites are the same, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.

9.27 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), is an organic chemical commonly abbreviated as DEHP. It is an odourless colourless liquid with the formula C₆H₄(CO₂C₈H₁₇)₂. The chemical is semi-volatile, with vapour pressure of only 1.32 mm Hg at 200^oC (while vapour pressure of benzene is 100 mm Hg at 26.1 ^oC). It is insoluble in water but soluble in with mineral oil, hexane, and most organic solvents. It is widely used as a plasticizer in manufacturing of articles made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and also used as hydraulic fluid, dielectric fluid in capacitors and solvent in lightsticks.

Remediation Actions and Mitigation Measures

Review of Remediation Options

9.28 A review of remediation options have been conducted in the RAP in Appendix 9.2. The options include biopiling, ex-situ chemical oxidation (ESCO), soil venting, landfarming, natural attenuation and excavation and landfill disposals.

9.29 Table 9.7 shows consideration of the characteristics of the two sites and the Chemical of Concern (COC) identified in order to determine the effective remediation method. Biopiling and ex-situ chemical oxidation are identified as the preferred method of remediation. Organic contaminants will be degraded into non-hazardous chemicals through the enhanced and controlled environment in the piles.

Table 9.7 Factors for Remediation Considerations

Site ID	Depth of Contaminated Soil (in m Below Base of Concrete)	Contaminant Identified	Existing Contamination Level (mg/ kg)	RBRG (Industrial) (mg/kg)	Soil Characteristics	Time required for Remediation
Site H at KCV (Scrap Yard)	0.5	bis-(2-Ethylhexl) phthalate	134	91.8	Fill material (gravel sized concrete and tile fragment)	2-6 months (for ESCO)
						3-12 months (for Biopile)
Site Q at SSS (Parking Area with Minor Vehicle Repair Activities)	1.50-2.40,		2540	91.8	Fill material (sandy clayey silt)	2-6 months (for ESCO)
						6-18 months (for Biopile)
	4.95-5.85		356	91.8	Alluvium (sandy silty clay and clayey silty fine to coarse sand)	2-6 months (for ESCO)
						6-12 months (for Biopile)

Note:

*Assuming remediation with biopiling/ ESCO, subject to further monitoring and enhancement measures.

9.30 As shown in Table 9.6, the volume of contaminated soil identified at KCV and SSS were 17.5m³ and 72.5m³ respectively. The small volume allows flexibility to conduct biopiling/ ESCO on site.  The schematic layout of a typical biopile is shown in Figure Nos. NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/153 in CAR/RAP as shown in Appendix 9.2.

Remediation Method and Remediation Target

9.31 The remediation target for bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate is proposed as

l the industrial landuse of RBRG i.e. 91.8 mg/kg

The decontaminated soil will generally reuse and backfill on site. This sites Q and H will be constructed to be railway related facilities. This target will be adopted in the project.

9.32 For other contamination identified after this EIA as in the Stage 2 site investigation, the remediation target should generally make reference to the “industrial” land use category.

9.33 The remediation works will include firstly the excavation of identified contaminated area and then followed by a closure assessment to verify clearance of contaminated soil. The excavated contaminated soil will form piles for either biopiling or chemical oxidation. During the operation, monitoring of treatment performance will be carried out in the form of regular sampling and testing. Once the monitoring data indicate treatment target is achieved, a closure assessment sampling and testing will be carried out at a defined sampling frequency for the treated soil. The acceptance criterion is defined as the contaminant concentration being complied with the treatment target. In the event that the samples still exceed the remediation target, treatment will continue until the soil target values are achieved. Following validation of successful soil treatment, a remediation report (RR) demonstrating completion of remediation works will be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of any construction works. With the approval of the RR, the decontaminated soil will be used as fill materials for re-use on site with reference to the land use scenario in the RBRG.

9.34 The detail requirements of the proposed remediation work are given in the RAP in the Appendix 9.2. In any case, reference shall be made to the RAP for remediation works.

Summary of Proposed Mitigation Measures

9.35 The followings are the summary of mitigation measures proposed (recommended in the CAP, CAR and RAP) to mitigate the land contamination impacts:

Tunnel Section at Ngau Tam Mei Landfill

(i) Visual inspection should be carried out when tunnel boring is conducted at the section underneath Ngau Tam Mei Landfill, with particular attention on the potential contamination leaching from the landfill above the tunnel alignment. The inspection process should also be assisted by a photo ionization detector (PID) for volatile organics. If suspected materials are encountered during tunnel boring, sampling and testing should also be undertaken to verify any contamination. The soil bored out during excavation and tunnel boring should be temporary stockpiled and if laboratory analysis indicated exceedance of relevant RBRG levels, remediation works, should be undertaken with reference to the CAR and RAP.

Alignment Section at 82 Tai Kok Tsui Road near PFS No.9/ Works Area near Lai Cheung Road China Light and Power (CLP) Substation.

(ii) Visual inspection should be carried out at the alignment section near petrol filling station No. 9 as outlined in Table 5.6 of the CAP (Appendix 9.1) and at works area close to Lai Cheung Road CLP substation. The inspection process should also be assisted by a photo ionization detector (PID) for volatile organics. If suspected materials are encountered during tunnel boring, sampling and testing should also be undertaken to verify any contamination. The soil bored out during excavation and tunnel boring should be temporary stockpiled and if laboratory analysis indicated exceedance of relevant RBRG levels, remediation works, should be undertaken with reference to the CAR and RAP.

Remediation Works

(iii) In order to minimise the potentially environmental impacts arising from the handling of potentially contaminated materials, the following environmental mitigation measures are recommended during the course of the site remediation:

· Excavation profiles must be properly designed and executed with attention to the relevant requirements for environment, health and safety;

· Excavation should be carried out during dry season as far as possible to minimise contaminated runoff from contaminated soils;

· Supply of suitable clean backfill material is needed after excavation;

· The chemical oxidant proposed (RegenOx^TM) as a contaminant mass reduction technology. Comprises a solid oxidant complex (sodium percarbonate/catalytic formulation) and an activator complex (a composition of ferrous salt embedded in a micro-scale catalyst gel). These chemical will be securely stored, separately and way from sources of ignition or oxidizable items. Handling will & will be undertaken by persons specifically trained and wearing appropriate PPE.

· Vehicles containing any excavated materials should be suitably covered to limit potential dust emissions or contaminated wastewater run-off, and truck bodies and tailgates should be sealed to prevent any discharge during transport or during wet conditions;

· Speed control for the trucks carrying contaminated materials should be enforced;

· Vehicle wheel and body washing facilities at the site’s exist points should be established and used; and

· Pollution control measures for air emissions e.g. from biopile blower, noise emissions e.g. from blower, and water discharges e.g. runoff control should be implemented and complied with relevant regulations and guidelines.

(iv) In order to minimise the potential adverse effects on health and safety of construction workers during the course of site remediation, the Occupation Safety and Health Ordinance (OSHO) (Chapter 509) and its subsidiary Regulations should be followed by all site personnel working on the site at all times. In addition, basic health and safety measures should be implemented, but not limited to the followings:

· Set up a list of safety measures for site workers;

· Provide written information and training on safety for site workers;

· Keep a log-book and plan showing the contaminated zones and clean zones;

· Maintain a hygienic working environment;

· Avoid dust generation;

· Provide face and respiratory protection gear to site workers if necessary;

· Provide personal protective clothing (e.g. chemical resistant jackboot, liquid tight gloves) to site workers if necessary; and

· Provide first aid training and materials to site workers.

Further Site Investigation

(v) Owing to time and site constraints, site investigation is proposed in 2 stages. In Stage 1, sampling has been conducted at hotspots with the objective to preliminary assess the soil and groundwater quality through sampling and laboratory testing at worst case locations of potential contaminated sites while in stage 2 site investigation will be conducted at the rest of the site area to assess the site condition in general. Stage 2 SI will be conducted after the completion of the EIA study/land resumption and prior to the commencement of construction works at respective sites. The sites which are infeasible for inspection and/or site investigation under Stage 1 will also be assessed in this stage. Table 9.8 summarizes the sites where further investigation is required. Details can be referred to CAP and CAR/RAP as shown in Appendix 9.1 and 9.2. Upon site access is granted, site inspections will be carried out to ascertain any contaminative sources and hotspots of contamination within each site in Table 9.8. Revised CAPs with sampling and testing schedule updated based on respective site condition should then be submitted to EPD for endorsement. After completion of sampling and testing, supplementary CARs and if contamination found, RAP(s) will be submitted for EPD endorsement. The revised CAPs and supplementary CARs and RAP(s) should be submitted in separate packages for different works area depending on the schedule of land resumption and the commencement of construction works for each works area.

Table 9.8 Summary of Areas for Site Appraisal and Investigation in Stage 2

Site ID of Inaccessible Site	Review of the available information	Initial contamination evaluation of those inaccessible sites and possible remediation methods	Confirmation of whether the contamination problem at this/these site(s) would be surmountable	Sampling and analysis proposal which shall aim at determining the nature and the extent of the contamination of this/these site(s)	Schedule of submission of revised CAP (if necessary), CAR, RAP and RR
AREAS INFEASIBLE FOR ON-SITE INSPECTION AND SITE INVESTIGATION
West Kowloon Cut and Cover (WKCC) Section
Site X at WKCC Golf course (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/025 of CAP)	Site Appraisal The site was located on reclaimed land. The site is currently occupied by City Golf Club as a golf course. Access to the site was attempted but was refused by the reception.	Initial Contamination Evaluation The site was inaccessible for site inspection. The potential of land contamination is uncertain. As the site was occupied as a golf course where pesticide might have been used, land contamination concern cannot be neglected. It is also noted that part of the course is made up of artificial turf/grass. Possible Contaminants Heavy metals, organic compounds particularly pesticides. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants. · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals.	The site was occupied as a golf course during site inspection. The site area is around 13,500m^2. Considering the potential presence of contaminants, there would not be insurmountable impacts associated, but the future work programme should be allowed time for remediation works (if contamination is found).	Could be from 0 to 41 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2 across the golf course. The key point is to assess any impacts due to the use of herbicides/pesticides. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Revised CAP Upon site access is granted, site inspection should be carried out to ascertain any contaminative sources and hotspot of contamination within the site. The sampling and testing schedule as recommended in the approved CAP should be updated based on respective site situation and the area that is potentially affected by the use of pesticides. Based on the actual site condition, the number of sampling locations may be significantly reduced. A revised CAP should then be submitted to EPD for endorsement. CAR and RAP Upon completion of SI and laboratory testing, a CAR should be submitted to EPD for endorsement. If contamination is identified, a RAP should also be submitted to EPD for endorsement. RR A RR should be submitted to demonstrate completion of remediation works before construction work starts at the site.
Shek Kong Stabling Sidings (SSS)
Site I at SSS Suspected vehicle repair workshop (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/018 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site were observed to be farms, workshop and garage. Inspection inside the site was not possible. The site was suspected as a vehicle repair/dismantling workshop based on observation from surrounding.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern related to current operation with vehicle repair/maintenance activities. Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site has a small area (500m^2) and would have only been used for vehicle maintenance/dismantling. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	As specific hotspots of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, maximum 4 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Proposed parameters are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Revised CAP Upon site access is granted, site inspection should be carried out to ascertain any contaminative sources and hotspot of contamination within the site. The sampling and testing schedule as recommended in the approved CAP should then be updated based on respective site situation and the number of sampling locations may be significantly reduced. A revised CAP should then be submitted to EPD for endorsement. CAR and RAP Upon completion of SI and laboratory testing, a CAR should be submitted to EPD for endorsement. If contamination is identified, a RAP should also be submitted to EPD for endorsement. RR A RR should be submitted to demonstrate completion of remediation works before construction work starts at the site.
Site O at SSS Suspected excavator parking area with repair/ maintenance activities (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/016 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site were observed to be farms, workshop and garage. Inspection inside the site was not possible. The site was suspected to be an excavator parking area with some maintenance and refuelling activities based on limited observation from outside.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential land contamination due to suspected excavator maintenance and refuelling. Possible Contaminants Metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site has a small area (300 m^2) and would have only been used for vehicle maintenance. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	As hotspot of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 2 boreholes are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above
Site B at SSS Suspected occupied for industrial uses (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/015 of CAP)	Site Appraisal The site was occupied by farms and some low-rise building structure in the past. Currently, the site is occupied by temporary structures with unknown usage. Access to those temporary structures was attempted but this was refused by tenants. Some forms of industrial activities observed in the temporary structures. However, nature and type of industry were not known.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Site inspection inside the site was not possible. The site was suspected to have some forms of industrial activities. Possible Contaminants Not able to determine at this stage. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants. · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals.	The site was only suspected with industrial activities at this stage based on the very limited information. The site area is around 17,000 m^2. Considering its scale of activities, there would not be insurmountable impacts associated, but the future work programme should be allowed time for remediation works (if contamination is found).	The site activities are not known. As hotspot of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 51 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Since the potential contaminants were not known, a broad list of parameters to be tested. Details of the sampling and analysis for this site are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above
Site N at SSS Suspected occupied for industrial uses (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/016 of CAP)	Site Appraisal The site was occupied by farms and some low-rise building structure in the past. The site is currently occupied by temporary structures with unknown usage. Access to those temporary structures was attempted but this was refused by tenants. Some forms of industrial activities observed in the temporary structures. However, nature and type of industry were not known.	Initial Contamination Evaluation The site was inaccessible for site inspection. The potential of land contamination is uncertain. However, as the site is suspected be occupied for industrial use, there might be of land contaminative concern due to contaminative industrial activities. Possible Contaminants Not able to determine at this stage. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants and cyanide. · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCBs.	The site was only suspected with industrial activities at this stage based on the very limited information. The site area is around 4,500m^2. Considering its scale of activities, there would not be insurmountable impacts associated, but the future work programme should be allowed time for remediation works (if contamination is found).	The site activities are not known. As hotspot of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 14 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Since the potential contaminants were not known, a broad list of parameters to be tested. Details of the sampling and analysis for this site are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Site U at SSS Suspected occupied for industrial uses (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/024 of CAP)	Site Appraisal The site was occupied by farms and some low-rise building structure in the past. The site is currently occupied by temporary structures with unknown usage. Access to those temporary structures was attempted but this was refused by tenants. Some forms of industrial activities observed in the temporary structures. However, nature and type of industry were not known.	Initial Contamination Evaluation The site was inaccessible for site inspection. The potential of land contamination is uncertain. However, as the site is suspected be occupied for industrial use, there might be of land contaminative concern due to contaminative industrial activities. Possible Contaminants Not able to determine at this stage. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants and cyanide. · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCBs.	The site was only suspected with industrial activities at this stage based on the very limited information. The site area is around 2,000 m^2. Considering its scale of activities, there would not be insurmountable impacts associated, but the future work programme should be allowed time for remediation works (if contamination is found).	The site activities are not known. As hotspot of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 6 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Since the potential contaminants were not known, a broad list of parameters to be tested. Details of the sampling and analysis for this site are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Site V at SSS Suspected occupied for industrial uses (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/024 of CAP)	Site Appraisal The site was occupied by farms and some low-rise building structure in the past. The site is currently as a vacant area with construction waste material found.	Initial Contamination Evaluation The site was inaccessible for site inspection. The potential of land contamination is uncertain. However, as the site share similar nature as a scrap yard, there might be of land contaminative concern due to contaminative industrial activities. Possible Contaminants Not able to determine at this stage. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants and cyanide. · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCBs.	The site was only suspected with industrial activities at this stage based on the very limited information. The site area is around 4,000 m^2. Considering its scale of activities, there would not be insurmountable impacts associated, but the future work programme should be allowed time for remediation works (if contamination is found).	The site activities are not known. As hotspot of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 12 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Since the potential contaminants were not known, a broad list of parameters to be tested. Details of the sampling and analysis for this site are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Site W at SSS Suspected occupied for industrial uses (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/024 of CAP)	Site Appraisal The site was occupied by farms and some low-rise building structure in the past. The site is currently occupied by temporary structures with unknown usage. Access to those temporary structures was attempted but this was refused by tenants. Some forms of industrial activities observed in the temporary structures. However, nature and type of industry were not known.	Initial Contamination Evaluation The site was inaccessible for site inspection. The potential of land contamination is uncertain. However, as the site is suspected be occupied for industrial use, there might be of land contaminative concern due to contaminative industrial activities. Possible Contaminants Not able to determine at this stage. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants and cyanide. · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCBs.	The site was only suspected with industrial activities at this stage based on the very limited information. The site area is around 3,000 m^2. Considering its scale of activities, there would not be insurmountable impacts associated, but the future work programme should be allowed time for remediation works (if contamination is found).	The site activities are not known. As hotspot of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 9 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Since the potential contaminants were not known, a broad list of parameters to be tested. Details of the sampling and analysis for this site are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Ventilation Building Sites and Emergency Access Point
Site A at MPV Suspected recycling like industry (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/013 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site were observed as farms, fish ponds and garages. Inspection inside the site not possible, suspected waste recycling facility based on observations from the surroundings.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current suspected current operation with waste handling/recycling. Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, PCB, cyanide and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCB. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site has an area of 5,000m^2 and would have only been used for waste handling/recycling. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	As specific hotspots of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 15 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern across the site are proposed at this stage (subject to review) with reference to Guidance Note 2. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above
Site C (MPV) Suspected Vehicle Repair Workshop (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/013 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site were observed as farms, fish ponds and garages. Inspection inside the site not possible, suspected having vehicle repair/maintenance activities based on observations from the surroundings.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current suspected current operation as a vehicle repair workshop. Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site has an area of 3,000m^2 and would have only been used for vehicle maintenance. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	As specific hotspots of contamination cannot be identified due to inaccessibility, from 0 up to 9 boreholes based on a regular grid pattern at this stage (subject to review) across the site are proposed with reference to Guidance Note 2. Proposed parameters are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
WSW at MPV (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/013 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site were observed as fish ponds, open storage and garages. Inspection inside the site not possible. Review of WSW EIA indicated the site to be occupied for lorry parking and vehicle and container storage area. Review of aerial photo suggested no significant changes in the site layout with the described land use in WSW EIA.	Under WSW EIA, the site was identified to be contaminated with Pb and/or Zn based on Dutch B criteria.	The site has an area of approximately 8,000m^2 and would have only been used for lorry parking and vehicle and container storage. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	NA	According to WSW EP Condition 3.14, the Project Proponent of the WSW development shall prepare and submit CAR/RAP to EPD within 2 months after commencement of construction of the WSW development and the recommendations in the endorsed CAR/RAP shall be fully implemented before the commencement of any construction works that may disturb the ground of the relevant sites. This project will ensure that the completion of remediation works before the construction works at contaminated areas start.
Areas Infeasible for Site Investigation
Shek Kong Stabling Sidings (SSS)
Site P Storage Area (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/017 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be farms, workshop, factory. The site is currently used as storage area.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to past industrial use was identified Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, organic solvents, PCB and cyanide. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCB. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants and cyanide.	The site has an area 1,500m^2 occupied as storage area. Large scale industrial activities might not be encountered. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	7 sampling locations have been proposed at parking area, oil drum storage area and around the site in general. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Site R Vehicle Repair Workshop (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/016 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses around SSS was found to be occupied as farms, car park, garage and workshop. The site is currently occupied as vehicle repair workshop	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current car maintenance and servicing activities. Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site has a small area (400m^2) and would have only been used for vehicle maintenance. The area occupied by contaminative activities was found to be approximately 100m^2. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	2 sampling locations are proposed at waste chemical container storage area and vehicle repair area. An additional 2 are proposed to assess the site condition in general. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. A total of 4 sampling points are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Site L Vehicle Repair Workshop (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/018 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses around SSS was found to be occupied as farms, car park, garage and workshop. The site is currently occupied as vehicle repair workshop	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to past car maintenance and servicing activities. Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site has a small area (200m^2) and would have only been used for vehicle maintenance. The area occupied by contaminative activities was found to be approximately 150m^2. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	2 sampling locations are proposed at the lube oil drum storage area and vehicle repair area. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Site F Construction Equipment Repair /Maintenance Workshop (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/102 of CAR)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be farms, workshop, car park and garages. The site is currently used as a Construction Equipment Repair /Maintenance Workshop.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current land use was identified. Phase 1 SI has been conducted at the construction equipment repair area, oil drum storage area and parking area. Supplementary SI under Phase 2 will be carried out to assess the general site condition. Possible Contaminants petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile, composting or ex-situ chemical oxidation for organic contaminants.	The Site was occupied mainly for construction equipment repair / maintenance. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 3 supplementary boreholes have been proposed to assess the site condition in general Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Site G Scrap Yard (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/103 of CAR)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be farms, workshop, car park and garages. The site is currently used as scrap yard.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current land use was identified. Phase 1 SI has been conducted and Supplementary SI under Phase 2 will be carried out to further assess the general site condition. Possible Contaminants petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, organic solvents, PCB and cyanide Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and cyanide. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile, composting or ex-situ chemical oxidation for organic contaminants and PCB.	The Site was occupied mainly for scrap storage. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 2 supplementary boreholes have been proposed to further assess the site condition in general Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works.	Same as Site I above.
Site Q Parking area with minor vehicle repair/ maintenance activities (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/105 of CAR)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be farms, workshop, car park and garages. The site is currently used as Parking area with minor vehicle repair/ maintenance activities.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current land use was identified. Phase 1 SI has been conducted at waste container disposal area and vehicle repair area. Supplementary SI under Phase 2 will be carried out to further assess the general site condition. Possible Contaminants: Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile, composting or ex-situ chemical oxidation for organic contaminants.	The Site was occupied mainly for vehicle parking with some minor repair activities. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 2 supplementary boreholes have been proposed to assess the site condition in general. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Site M Open Area (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/018 of CAP or NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/106 of CAR)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be farms, workshop, car park and garages. The site is currently vacant with an aboveground tank of unknown content.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Phase 1 SI has been conducted to assess the general site condition and the potential impact due to the presence of aboveground tank with unknown content. Supplementary SI under Phase 2 will be carried out to further assess the general site condition. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and cyanide. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile, composting or ex-situ chemical oxidation for organic contaminants and PCB.	The Site was occupied mainly an open area. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 3 supplementary boreholes have been proposed to assess the site condition in general. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Ventilation Building Sites/ Emergency Access Point
Site D at MPV Container truck parking area with minor repair maintenance activities (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/013 of CAP or NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/101 of CAR)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be farms, fish ponds and garages. The site is currently used as a container truck parking with minor repair/ maintenance activities.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current land use was identified. Phase 1 SI has been conducted at area with used container found and supplementary SI under Phase 2 will be carried out to assess the general site condition and vehicle repair area. Possible Contaminants petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents, Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile, composting or ex-situ chemical oxidation for organic contaminants.	The area occupied mainly for vehicle maintenance. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 6 boreholes have been proposed to assess the site condition in general and the vehicle repair area where minor repair/maintenance activities would be undertaken. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Site E at MPV Container truck parking area with car wash and paint booth (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/013 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be farms, fish ponds and garages. The site is currently used as a container truck parking area with car wash and paint booth.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current painting process. Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site occupies an area of 6,000m^2 and would have only been used for painting process. The area occupied by contaminative activities was found to be approximately 150m^2. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 5 sampling locations have been proposed at paint booth and around the site to assess the potential contamination aroused from painting process and assess the site condition in general (2 at paint booth and 3 around the site) Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Supporting Works Areas
Site H at Kwai Chung Scrap Yard (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/019 of CAP or NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/107 of CAR)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be car park, storage area and vacant area.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current land use was identified. Phase 1SI has been conducted at the scrap storage area and Supplementary SI under Phase 2 will be carried out to further assess the general site condition and the scrap packing area. Possible Contaminants petroleum hydrocarbons, metals , PCB, cyanide and organic solvents, Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCB. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants and cyanide.	The Site was occupied mainly for scrap storage and packing where some oil drums were also found. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 3 boreholes have been proposed to assess the site condition in general and the scrap packing area where some oil drums were found. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Site T at MLW Car Park (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/020 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be car park and oil depot. The site is currently used as car park. .	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to past industrial use was identified Possible Contaminants Heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site has an area 4,000m^2 occupied as car park. Since Historical land uses as a former oil depot which had been demolished around 30 years ago and the current land uses as a car park was not considered to be land contaminative. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	Specific hotspots were not identified on site. 8 boreholes are proposed to assess the site condition in general and the potential impact due to historical use as an oil depot. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Site J at NCB Container Yard (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/022 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses of the site was found to be open sea and car park. The site is currently used as a container yard.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to current fuelling and oil drums storage. Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Cement stabilization/solidification for heavy metals. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants.	The site occupies an area of 25,000m^2 and would have only been used for container storage with some fuelling activities and oil drums stored on site. The area occupied by contaminative activities was found to be approximately 200m^2. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	A total of 8 sampling locations have been proposed at the oil drum storage area, fuelling area and around the site to assess the site condition in general. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.
Potential Contaminative Uses Outside Project Sites
Site K near LCW Open Area (NOL/ERL/300/C/XRL/ENS/M57/021 of CAP)	Site Appraisal Past land uses around LCW was open area, traffic roads and some vacant land. The site is currently vacant.	Initial Contamination Evaluation Potential concern due to the chemical storage area at close proximity Possible Contaminants Petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and organic solvents, PCB and cyanide. Possible Remediation Methods Depending on the contaminated soil quantity and quality, possibly: · Stabilization/solidification for heavy metals and PCB. · Bioremediation such as bio-pile and composting for organic contaminants and cyanide.	As observed, the chemical storage area located at Feoso’s building was concrete paved. Contamination due to chemical stored may not be significant. Land contamination causing insurmountable impacts would not be likely. Moreover, there are available and commonly adopted remediation methods for the potential contaminants.	Specific hotspots of contamination were identified on site at chemical storage area at close proximity to the LCW site. 1 sampling location is proposed to asses the potential impacts due to the nearby chemical store. Proposed parameters to be tested are given in Table 6.1 of CAP. Sampling and testing are proposed to be conducted in Stage 2 supplementary SI works	Same as Site I above.

9.36 The corresponding responsible party for the above mitigation measures and supplementary site investigation are provided in the implementation schedule of this EIA.

Evaluation of Residual Environmental Impacts

9.37 In terms of identified soil contamination, the proposed remediation methods would remove contaminated soils from the site through excavation followed by degradation of the contaminants to non-toxic substances by biopiling/ ESCO. After completion of soil remediation for identified contaminated areas, no residual impact in respect of land contamination on the future users is anticipated.

Conclusion

9.38 This land contamination assessment has examined the potential contaminative landuses within the relevant project area and their potential impacts to future use. The assessment involved site appraisal, site investigation, assessment of contamination extent and where necessary formulation of remedial actions. No adverse impacts are identified for most of the sites within the project area. Only two sites with small amount of soil with bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate exceeding the relevant RBRBs are found. The volume of soil is only 90 m³ and treatment by biopiling/chemical oxidation is proposed to clean up the soil. Mitigation measures are proposed for the excavation of soil, treatment of soil and general environmental, health and safety on site during the construction stage.

9.39 There are some sites that are not accessible to conduct a detailed assessment or site investigation at this stage. An evaluation of the sites reveals that there are no insurmountable impacts identified. These sites will be followed up during or before the construction stage when the land is made available for the assessment.