The EIA Study Brief for SCL requires a Cultural Heritage Impact
Assessment (CHIA) comprising a Built Heritage Impact Assessment (BHIA) and an Archaeological
Impact Assessment (AIA) to be conducted. The BHIA needs to search historic
buildings, clan graves and landscape features within the study area while the
AIA requires a terrestrial investigation of the archaeological potential of the
study area, particularly the former Tai Hom Village Archaeological Site.
The field investigation for former
Other than the former
Tai Hom Village Archaeological Site, the CHIA has also
studied the impacts on the 3 historical buildings within former
The possible impacts caused by the construction and operation of the
Project on other built heritages including but not limited to the
The
assessment and protection of cultural heritage within HKSAR is governed by the
following legislative standards and guidelines:
·
Environmental
Impact Assessment Ordinance (EIAO);
·
Antiquities
and Monuments Ordinance; and
·
4.2.1 Environmental
Impact Assessment Ordinance
The Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap 499) stipulates that consideration shall be given to cultural heritage and archaeological issues as part of the EIA process. Annexes 10 and 19 of the TM-EIAO cite the following:
·
criteria
for evaluating the impacts on sites of cultural heritage;
·
guidelines
for impact assessment;
·
the
general presumption in favour of the protection and conservation of all sites
of cultural heritage because they provide an essential, finite and
irreplaceable link between the past and the future and are points of reference
identified for culture and tradition; and
·
adverse
impacts on sites of cultural heritage shall be kept to the absolute minimum.
The Guidance Note on Assessment
of Impact on Site of Cultural Heritage in Environmental Impact Assessment
Studies (http://www.epd.gov.hk/eia/english/guid/cultural/basis.html)
serves as a reference to facilitate an understanding of the requirements set
out in Annex 10 and Annex 19 of the TM-EIAO for assessing impacts on sites of
cultural heritage in EIA studies.
The Cultural Heritage
Impact Assessment (CHIA) Mechanism applies to “Sites of Cultural Heritage”
within a project Study Area. A Site of Cultural Heritage is defined “as an
antiquity or monument, whether being a place, building, site or structure or a
relic, as defined in the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap. 53) and any place, building, site, or structure or a relic
identified by the Antiquities and Monuments Office to be of archaeological,
historical or palaeontological significance”.
A
CHIA must be undertaken in order to identify construction and operational phase
impacts of the project may have on the cultural heritage of the Study Area. The
specific objectives of the CHIA include the following:
·
To provide cultural
heritage and archaeological impact assessment to satisfy the requirements of
Section 3.4.8 of the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB-191/2008);
§
To undertake a baseline study of the project
study area in order to identify all heritage items as identified in the Guidelines
for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment;
§
To identify any Sites of Cultural Heritage
(i.e. Proposed and Declared Monuments) within the project study area and assess
any impacts that will arise from the proposed project and recommend mitigation
measures as appropriate; and
§
To identify the impacts to identified
heritage items and recommend mitigation for these items.
4.2.2 Antiquities
and Monuments Ordinance
The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap 53) was
enacted in 1976. It prescribes the
regulation over the discovery, excavation and protection of antiquities in
HKSAR.
Under this Ordinance, the Secretary for Development is the Antiquities Authority. The statutory Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB) consists of members with expertise in various relevant fields to advise the Antiquities Authority on any matters relating to antiquities and monuments. The Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO), as the executive arm of the Antiquities Authority, provides secretarial and executive support to the AAB in conserving places of historical and archaeological interest.
The Antiquities Authority may, after consulting AAB and with the approval of the Chief Executive as well as the publication of the notice in government gazette, legally declare a place to be protected. The Antiquities Authority is empowered to prevent alterations, or to impose conditions upon any proposed alterations as appropriate to protect the monument.
In addition to declared monuments, a large number and variety of sites of cultural heritage are identified and recorded by AMO. Recorded historic buildings and structures are classified into Grades 1, 2 and 3 by AAB to indicate their relative importance, as defined below:
|
·
Grade
1 |
– Buildings of outstanding merit, which every effort should be made to preserve if possible. |
|
·
Grade
2 |
– Buildings of special merit; efforts should be made to selectively preserve. |
|
·
Grade
3 |
– Buildings of some merit; preservation in some form would be desirable and alternative means could be considered if preservation is not practicable. |
Although
graded buildings and structures carry no statutory protection, the Government
has administrative procedures that require conservation be given to those
historic buildings and sites of cultural heritage.
For
archaeological sites, relics (defined under the Antiquities and Monuments
Ordinance as fossils and objects/artefacts created, modified, etc. by human
agency before 1800 AD) discovered after 1976 are, by law, properties of the
government. All discoveries of
antiquities or supposed antiquities must also be reported.
The excavation and search for relics require a licence from the Antiquities Authority. Once identified as having the potential for conservation, sites of archaeological interest are entered into a list. Archaeological items are administratively classified into 2 categories:
|
· Designated archaeological sites |
– Those which have been declared as monuments. These are gazetted under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap 53) and are to be protected and conserved at all costs. |
|
· Recorded sites of archaeological interest |
– These are under administrative protection and are considered to be of archaeological interest but which are not declared as monuments. |
4.2.3
Chapter 10
of the Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG) provides guidelines
relating to the conservation of historic buildings, archaeological sites and
other antiquities. The guidelines detail the methods for the conservation and
preservation of protected monuments, the method of identifying and recording
antiquities, particularly buildings which should be conserved and the recording
and grading of such buildings and archaeological sites.
The definition/interpretation for Sites of
Cultural Heritage under Schedule 1 of the EIAO consists of “any place,
building, site or structure or a relic identified by the Antiquities and
Monuments Office to be of archaeological, historical or paleontological
significance”.
The CHIA comprises the identification of terrestrial archaeological and
built heritage impacts to Sites of Cultural Heritage and the assessment
methodology for each of these tasks is highlighted below. It should also be
noted that as stipulated in the Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Impact
Assessment, all items that fall within the scope of the guidelines will be
included in this report.
Indirect impacts will arise from ground-borne vibration associated with
major site formation works, such as tunnel construction. Appropriate vibration
monitoring on the built heritages will be agreed with Buildings Department
(BD)/ Geotechnical Engineering Office (GEO) and implemented under the
requirement of the Buildings Ordinance and/or Blasting Permit as appropriate.
4.3.2 General
As
stipulated in Section 3.4.8 of the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB-191/2008), the CHIA
will follow the criteria and guidelines as stated in Annexes 10 and 19 of the
TM-EIAO. The key stages for CHIA include the following:
· Baseline study (including both desktop study and field survey);
· Impact evaluation; and
· Formulation of recommended mitigation measures.
According
to the EIA Study Brief, the study area for field survey and impact evaluation
includes the area of potential impact that would be caused by the chosen route
alignment. These have been defined
within the study brief as follows:
·
For
terrestrial archaeology, this is defined as a 50m buffer on either side of the
chosen alignment.
·
For
built heritage this is defined as a 300m buffer on either side of the areas
which will be or have the potential to be impacted by the chosen
alignment.
According
to Annex 19 of the TM-EIAO, a baseline study will be conducted which includes
both a desktop study and field survey, where necessary, within the study area
to determine areas of archaeological and built heritage potential.
This will include any areas impacted by rail construction and operation as well as direct and indirect impacts of ancillary works areas, access sites and ventilation buildings etc. The desktop review of known terrestrial archaeology and built heritage items within the SCL study area are given in Sections 4.4 and 4.5 respectively. This provides key data for more focussed survey, if required, of cultural heritage impact.
AMO
maintains a list of known and potential sites of cultural heritage which is
being updated from time to time. This list can be consulted at AMO, or EPD’s
EIAO Register Office. However, the list is neither meant to be exhaustive, nor
is the information contained therein comprehensive, particularly in the case of
archaeological sites or cultural features buried underground.
Other
useful sources of relevant information include the tertiary institutions (e.g.
the Hong Kong Collection at the University of Hong Kong Library, Departments of
History and Architecture at the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese
University of Hong Kong), public libraries and archives (e.g. the reference
libraries under LCSD, the Public Records Office), District Offices, District
Lands Offices and Land Registries, etc.
4.3.6 Field Survey
Methodology – Terrestrial Archaeology
The key
steps for the terrestrial archaeological field survey are:
·
Apply
a licence from the relevant authority for the person leading and undertaking a
ground survey involving search and excavation of antiquities. For those activities or works involving
search and excavation of antiquities, the requirements set out in the
Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance must be followed.
·
Define
areas of natural land undisturbed in the recent past;
·
Conduct
a field scan of the natural land undisturbed in the recent past in detail with
special attention paid to areas of exposed soil which were searched for
artefacts;
·
Conduct
systematic auger survey/shovel testing to establish the horizontal spread of
cultural materials deposits;
·
Excavate
test pits to establish the vertical sequence of cultural materials. Test pits
are to be of sufficient dimensions to record vertical sequence of artefacts if
present. Typical dimensions of 1x1m
or 1.5 x 1.5m are commonly used in
·
Prepare
maps showing the boundary of each archaeological sites
as supported and delineated by field walking, augering
and test-pitting. Drawing of stratigraphic section of test-pits excavated which shows
the cultural sequence of a site will also be prepared;
·
Provide
a full bibliography and the sources of information consulted to assist the
evaluation of the quality of the evidence;
·
Report
to AMO as soon as possible if the field survey identifies any additional sites
of cultural heritage within the study area which are of potential historic or
archaeological importance. The
historic and archaeological value of the items will be assessed and reported
during the field program and in liaison with the AMO. Should a rescue
excavation be necessary this will form part of the mitigation program.
4.3.7 Field Survey
Methodology – Built Heritage
The key
steps for built heritage fieldwork include:
·
To conduct field
survey in accordance to the requirements of Appendix D, Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment, of the EIA
Study Brief (No. ESB-191/2008).
·
Prepare
maps in 1:1000 scale showing the boundary of each
historic building or structure. Assemble records of each historical building
or structure and detailed record of each historic building or structure
including its construction year, previous and present uses, architectural
characteristics, as well as legends, historic persons and events, and cultural
activities associated with the structure.
4.3.8 Impact Assessment
Following
the baseline research (including desktop study and field evaluation), an
assessment of any impacted Sites of Cultural Heritage and the heritage items
listed on section 3.4.8.2 of the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB – 191/2008) will be
conducted, for both the construction and operational stages.
The
impacts will include the following:
·
Direct
loss, destruction or disturbance of an element of cultural heritage;
·
Impact
on its settings which impinge on its character through inappropriate siting or design; and
·
Potential
damage to the physical fabric of archaeological remains, historic buildings or
historic landscapes through air pollution, change of water-table, vibration,
recreation pressure and ecological damage by the development.
Preservation
in totality of any cultural heritage features impacted should be taken as the
first priority. Detailed
requirements of the impact assessment are contained in paragraph 4.3.1(c), item
2 of Annex 10, items 2.6 to 2.9 of Annex 19 and other relevant parts of the
TM-EIAO. These include:
·
If,
due to site constraints and other factors, only preservation in part is
possible, this must be fully justified with alternative proposals or layout
designs which confirm the impracticability of total preservation;
·
Total
destruction must be taken as the very last resort in all cases and shall only
be recommended with a meticulous and careful analysis balancing the interest of
preserving the archaeological, historical, architectural and other cultural
values as against that of the community as a whole; and
·
A
detailed description and plans should be provided to elaborate to what extent
the sites of cultural heritage will be affected.
It is always
a good practice to recognise the sites of cultural heritage early in the
planning stage and site selection process, and to avoid it, i.e. preserve it
in-situ, or leaving a buffer zone around the site. Built heritage, sites and landscapes are
to be in favour of preservation unless it can be shown that there is a need for
a particular development which is of paramount importance and outweighs the
significance of the heritage features.
If
avoidance of impact on the cultural heritage is not possible, amelioration can
be achieved by reduction of the potential impacts and the preservation of
heritage features, such as physically relocating it. Measures like amendments of the siting, screening and revision of the detailed design of
the development are required to lessen its degree of exposure if it causes
visual intrusion to the cultural heritage and affecting its character.
For
total destruction or for areas where preservation in-situ of terrestrial or marine archaeological remains is not
possible, a comprehensive and practical rescue plan must be worked out. This is also applicable to sites of
cultural heritage where only partial preservation is proposed. The rescue programme may involve
preservation of the historic building or structure together with the relics
inside, and its historic environment through relocation, detailed cartographic
and photographic survey.
The
implementation programme for mitigation measures shall list out clearly the
proposed mitigation measures to be implemented, by whom, when, where, to what
requirements and the various implementation responsibilities. A comprehensive plan and programme for
the protection and conservation of the partially preserved site of cultural
heritage, if any, during the planning and design stage of the proposed project
should be detailed.
4.4.1 Known
Archaeological Sites
The known archaeological sites
in the vicinity of the alignments are shown in Figures
4.1.1 to 4.1.3. It is emphasised that the boundary of
the archaeological sites delimits an area within each region of both proven and
potential archaeology. The
“archaeological site” has been defined by AMO to include areas where
archaeology has been found and areas of archaeological potential.
4.4.2
Former Tai Hom Village (大磡村)
Based on previous studies,
former
· “Archaeological Survey at Tai Hom Tsuen”, by Archaeo-Environments Ltd [4-1]
· “九龍鑽石山舊大磡村考古搶救發掘報告”，區家發文物考古顧問公司 [4-2]
The site of the Tai Hom
old village lies at about 1km to the northeast of
The site was cleared in year 2000 for future development and is currently planned as the site for the train stabling sidings for SCL. According to the latest Tsz Wan Shan, Diamond Hill & San Po Kong OZP (No S/K11/23), this site has been zoned as a Comprehensive Development Area (CDA) and the proposed use for train stabling sidings will need to be authorised under the Railways Ordinance and the Town Planning Ordinance.
4.4.2.1
Settlement
History of former
Before development
in recent decades which had altered the topography of the area, Tai Hom was a village built on the northern edge of an area of
low-quality rice-land about 1 – 2 km north-east of Kowloon City. The village
was sited where the fertile, flat lands of the
The
early origins of
The
nearest old village to Tai Hom was Po Kong, which was
a few hundred metres (or a few hundred yards) south-west of Tai Hom. This
village lies below today's Choi Hung Road Sports-ground, and the
Tai Hom (see Plate 1.1
of Appendix 4.1) is
a single-surname village of the
Nga Tsin Wai, Po Kong, Ngau Chi Wan, Tai Hom and the
other villages of this area remained agricultural settlements throughout the
1930s. When the Japanese took
After
the War, the Tai Hom area resumed its traditional
subsistence rice and market-gardening lifestyle. However, the capture of
Given
the lack of accommodation in
4.4.2.2
Geological
Setting of former
The train
stabling sidings occupies approximately 5 ha and is located between
According
to geological mapping by Strange and Shaw (1986), this area is located almost
entirely on Quaternary alluvium with a small edge of debris flow entering the
southern end of the site. On inspection of the local geology during the
archaeological survey by Archaeo-Enviroments Ltd
(2002), however, it was noted that a low hill (+14mPD) composed of deeply
weathered granite occupies much of the centre and eastern half of the
site.
Modern
road construction in the vicinity has removed part of this granite hill to the
south, revealed in the cross section in a road cutting some 3
Relief throughout the Tai Hom area varies from
+6 to 8mPD on the lower lying western half of the study area, while to the east
relief is from +8 to 14mPD.
4.4.2.3
Previous
Investigations at former
Archaeological Survey July – August 2002
This
survey was conducted by Archaeo-Environments Ltd
aiming to determine the archaeological potential of Tai Hom
area and to recommend any further investigation works and mitigation of impacts
(if any).
The
archaeological potential was evaluated based on 3 phases of field sampling of
increasing resolution, following a progression from broad general survey to
subsurface excavation work with closer focus on areas of archaeological
discovery and archaeological potential.
The key steps are:
·
Baseline review;
·
Survey baseline/sampling grid;
·
Phase 1 - test trenches;
·
Phase 2a - test pits;
·
Phase 2b - focused test pits;
·
Phase 3 - follow-up test pits;
·
Finds analysis; and
·
Reporting.
A
sampling grid of
Archaeological and Landscape Summary at Tai Hom
Aerial photos taken in 1948
showed a low hill with the RAF hangar occupied by agricultural fields and
slopes extending to the south and east (see Plate 1.2 of Appendix 4.1).
Dark grey clay within trenches and test pits at Tai Hom
(paddy soils) provide evidence of cultivation of the Qing and modern period. They were widespread and effectively
sealing sands and colluvium in mid and lower slopes
to the centre-east of Tai Hom. Subsurface geological
and archaeological information recorded within 49 test trenches and 18 test
pits provide the following summary of stratigraphy at
Tai Hom:
(a) A low hill (+14mPD) composed of coarse grained
deeply weathered granite occupies the centre-east of the study area which is
ostensibly the area occupied by the former Yuen Ling old village. Soil cover
was thin in the upper landscape and where undisturbed (cut into) by the old RAF
hangar and house development, parent material of orange sandy clay was less
than 30cm below surface and can be seen in terraces and batters cut for house
sites south of the hangar. A thin cultural layer persists throughout this area,
manifest in a brown sandy clay. Most part of this layer is thin
containing disturbed Qing, modern and occasional Song period pottery.
The only early feature was a ditch or
depression of similar brown sandy clay containing Song-Yuan Dynasty pottery.
Follow-up excavation revealed little evidence of Song material in the
surrounding area.
(b) To the east of this low hill, the granite
bedrock was blanketed by colluvium. It could be seen as pebbles and small cobbles
within a mottled matrix. Colluvium had been covered
by coarse sandy alluvium, variably iron and manganese stained and weakly
mottled, and present above colluvium in the lower
landscape. The presence of sandy alluvium suggested deposition in and around
the granite bedrock as outwash material from drainage from the hills to the
rear of the site. These deposits contain Song Dynasty pottery within an area of
about
(c)
The center-west
of the study area was low lying (+6-8mPD) and for the most part underlain by
coarse colluvium. Cobbles and coarse alluvium represented
a broad alluvial fan at the confluence of two main streams which was since
diverted by the western nullah but shown in the 1904
map of the area (see Plate 1.1 of Appendix 4.1).
Archaeological materials in this region were
restricted to Qing and modern period pottery. These materials were present even within
alluvial cobbles, which had provided a recent date for these phases of
deposition. The only notable find within the western half of the study area was
at test pit 37 which produced a thick layer of 19th century and early 20th
century tile and earthenware (Dr. P.Lam p.comm.) within a disturbed context which also contained
mixed Song period and a single Warring States period sherd.
The “Archaeological Survey at Former Tai Hom Tsuen” recommended the following investigation:
1) The low granite hill was
represented by deposition of cultural material within a shallow ditch or
depression offers the prospect of locating primary features. Although the surrounding area was highly
disturbed, it had been truncated by house foundations, sewerage pits and
pipelines. Excavation to follow the extent of this feature both to the west and
east was recommended.
2) By contrast, Song period material
at test pit 12 suggested a secondary deposit – material re-deposited from
primary sites further up slope. A future excavation strategy should be centred
on TP 12 with the aim of determining the extent and significance of this
deposit, and the depth and relationship of the coarse alluvium in this part of
the landscape. Primary occupation features were less likely in such a setting
though investigation may repay further subsurface investigation.
Archaeological Excavation in October 2002
A
follow-up excavation was conducted by Mr Au Ka Fat in October 2002 based on the
findings and recommendations of the “Archaeological Survey at Tai Hom Tsuen” [4-2].
The
excavation works were undertaken in 2 main areas, Area A and Area B, using 5m x
5m excavation trenches in each area as follows:
·
Area A on the upper slope towards the eastern part
of the study area occupying a total of 250m2; and
·
Area B on the mid-lower slope towards the eastern
part of the study area also occupying a total of 250m2.
Song
Dynasty artefacts discovered at Tai Hom reflected the
importance of the general
Area A
revealed little cultural material before the Qing Dynasty within typically thin
soil and highly disturbed setting with likely truncation/removal of earlier
archaeological deposits. Zone A was
the focus of the squatter village with likely removal of earlier archaeological
material flushed toward Zone B.
Throughout
the study area, there was no evidence of building remains, ceramic roof tile,
bricks, ancient trackways, wells or domestic features
or remains, etc. The ceramic assemblage recovered for most part from Test Sections 1- 9 within
Area B were found with sandy colluvial
deposits which imply redeposition, likely from Song
Dynasty occupation (now removed – north of the Tai Hom
area).
While
being a secondary site, the ceramic assemblage at Tai Hom were from kiln in southern
Consolidating the 2 Archaeological Surveys
Findings in 2002
The
above sections have presented the findings from 2 previous archaeological
surveys for former
·
The early settlement in former
·
Before the World War II, former
·
Some of the land was transferred into military uses
during the war;
·
After the war, former
·
The squatter area, together with its associated
utilities, sewers etc, had highly disturbed the original setting in former
·
Modern infrastructure development such as the
Qing
Dynasty or modern pottery was common throughout the site with localised
deposits of Song Dynasty artefacts and rare prehistoric artefacts in the
centre-east and east of the study area. These latter deposits were found within
secondary (colluvial) material and are therefore not
part of an original (in-situ)
occupation site. The author of the excavation report (Au Ka Fat 2002) concluded
that the study area was not an important cultural site.
SCL Archaeological Survey at former Tai Hom
Village
An archaeological survey for former
A total of
nine test pits were excavated initially in the Stage 1 survey with an
additional two test pits excavated for the Stage 2 survey. Based on the results of the test pit program at
the former
·
The results of the excavation in 2002 culminated in
conclusions that the Tang/Song Dynasty remains at the former
·
The results of the test pit survey have proven the
presence of a sparse Tang/Song Dynasty layer which extends to the north-eastern
part of the site.
·
While
the 2009 program has proven a wider extent of the Tang/Song Dynasty remains,
the deposit is secondary with no further evidence of in-situ
remains, foundations, postholes or evidence of occupation.
The survey at the former
According
to the approved Kai Tak Development EIA Report, there are several known
archaeological sites in Kai Tak that are relevant to this project. They are described below.
4.4.3.1
Kowloon
Fort (九龍砲臺)
Literature review indicates that
the Kowloon Fort was built in 1811 outside the southern gate of the
During the first Opium War in 1839, the Chinese
Navy fired at the British Army at Kowloon Fort. It was later abandoned and then reused
as Kowloon City Police Station until the early 1930s. The fort was demolished in the early
1930s when the Kai Tak area was developed and the Police Station moved to the
former Terminal Building of Kai Tak Airport.
4.4.3.2
Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge (龍津石橋) and Former Kowloon City Pier
A concrete extension of the Bridge was built in
1910 and used by the local steam-ferries. In 1930, it was removed and replaced
by a new Government pier, which in turn disappeared when the Japanese reclaimed
the foreshore during the Japanese Occupation.
Archaeological works in 2003 for Kai Tak
Development did not find the bridge but in a subsequent development EIA work, a
follow-up archaeological investigation in 2008 had revealed part of the Bridge
and the Former Kowloon City Pier. Based on the information from the subsequent
investigation on the
The Bridge was constructed in three phases over a
period of 35 years. The granite planks, masonry of six or seven spans and the
Pier End Structure unearthed during the excavation in 2008 are part of the
first phase
1924
reclamation seawall attached to the
The 1924 reclamation seawall marked the coastline
at that time. Part of the first phase
Two supporting concrete pillars of the Former
Kowloon City Pier were exposed in 2008 archaeological excavation.
4.4.3.3
Site
of the Former Sacred Hill
This
site is most famously associated with the last emperor of the Song Dynasty (宋帝昺), who fled south from the invading Mongol Army in
the Late 13th Century. The stay of the
The
Kai Tak EIA report concluded that Sacred Hill remained a significant cultural
site before it was destroyed in part by the Japanese in 1942 for use as
reclamation fill for the runway extension at Kai Tak. The remainder of the hill
was levelled by the Hong Kong Government in the
1950’s for further runway extensions (Henry et.al. 1961). The former location
of the hill with respect to the current layout of the site is given in Figure 4.1.3.The conclusion of the Kai Tak
EIA Report was that no evidence of the hill remains.
The most prominent historical
relic from Sacred Hill was a large inscribed boulder which is associated with
the last boy emperor of the Sung Dynasty and was originally situated at the top
of the Hill (see Section 4.5.16).
4.4.3.4
Sacred
Hill (North) Area
An area north of Sacred Hill was excavated in March 2008 and revealed a
large assemblage of Song Dynasty pottery. De-watering problems prevented
completion of the excavation program and it was recommended that works be
continued at this test trench (AA3 in Kai Tak EIA Report) in the far
north-eastern part of this area as a series of 30m trenches. While the location
of test trench AA3 (see Figures 4.1.3 & 4.1.3A) is outside the impact area of SCL
works, it was recommended within the Kai Tak EIA that any archaeological findings
within these trenches might inform the wider archaeological potential of the
former coastal north of Sacred Hill.
An
archaeological survey-cum-rescue excavation for a pumping station was undertaken to salvage the archaeological
materials as part of the Sacred
Hill (North) Study Area from 2009 to
2010.
The excavation was divided into three main areas
and was divided into two phases (see Appendix
4.6). Phase 1 covered Areas
1 and 2 and a total of 24 trenches were excavated. A total of 19 archaeological features and a large number of artifects were unearthed in Areas 1 and 2, which include a
large quantity of pottery and porcelain shards dating back to Song and Yuen
Dynasties. Findings strongly
suggested that inhabitant existed in
The southern extent of the mapped Sacred Hill North
area in Figure 4.1.3
overlaps with the SCL works. The archaeological investigation by CEDD has verified
the archaeological potential of the north of the Sacred Hill. Various evidences
suggest that the area was utilized as a burial or living ground, and then
turned into a dumping area after the inhabitants left the area. The study also
concluded that the artifact density in the area to the east, south and north is
low.
4.4.3.5
The execution ground was a
stretch of beach located near the former Sacred Hill at the boundary of Hong
Kong and
The following buildings within
the study area represent a review of available data on built heritage which has
been supplemented by partial field survey information. Figures
4.2.1 to 4.2.6 show the locations of these
built heritages. A field survey has
also been conducted on these built heritage and the results are given in Appendix 4.3.
This EIA has assessed all the
built heritage explicitly stipulated in the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB-191/2008) and those
identified throughout the EIA process.
It has been concluded that there are no Sites of Cultural Heritage
(namely
4.5.2
Che Kung Temple (車公廟)
The
In the 16th year of Guangxu
reign (1890), the old temple behind the present one was built. It was managed
by the Kau Yeuk union,
until 1936, it was taken over by the Chinese Temples Committee till now. The
present temple, which is bigger and taller than the old one, was built in 1994.
The old temple has since remained at the back but it is normally not open to
the public.
The temple is famous for its windmill in recent
decades which people believed that it could bring luck and health to the
worshippers. Every year, on the 2nd day of the first lunar month,
i.e. the Che Kung Festival, lots of people go to the
temple showing their respect and worship.
The old temple is a two-hall one-courtyard building
with three bays. It was built with green bricks and a pitch roof. In the 2004
renovation, the walls were plastered with false brick lines. Only the granite
door frame, lintel and the base of the temple was left to remain.
4.5.3
Tai Wai Tsuen (大圍村)
Tai Wai Tsuen (originally named Chik Chuen Wai (積存圍)) was built around 1574 of the Ming
Dynasty (Figure 4.2.1). It was a walled village of
multi-clan with the Wais’(韋)a majority.
The village was walled to protect the villagers from bandits, pirates and/or unfriendly neighbours. It was rectangular in shape with 4 watch towers at its four corners. The towers and the walls have long been demolished leaving only the entrance gate and part of the front wall. The houses inside the walls are in rows, and many houses have been built outside the walls due to later development. Its original plan could not be traced.
The entrance gate is a Qing(清) structure which lies at the central axis in the middle of the front wall of the original walled village. It is constructed of grey bricks with granite blocks base. An earth god was worshipped inside the gate tower.
At the far end of the main lane is a small temple
known as the
4.5.4
Tin Sam Village (田心村)
This village (Figure 4.2.1)
was established in the late Ming Dynasty(明朝), comprising a mixed clans village
of Choi, Wai, Leung, Tsang, Yuen, Fong, Ho, Liu and Li. At present, except for a few remaining
old village houses, the majority of the village houses are modernized 3 storey
structures. There are 4 built
heritages identified in Figure 4.2.1
and as summarised below.
|
Built Heritage |
Description |
|
Liu Ancestral Hall |
·
A one-hall Hakka(客家)style ancestral hall. |
|
Choi Ancestral Hall |
·
A one-hall Hakka style ancestral hall which was built in the
1890s. The building was renovated
in the 1995/ 6. The Choi 15th
and 16th generation first settled in this village. |
|
Leung Ancestral Hall |
·
There were 2 ancestral houses of one-hall Hakka style which may have
existed for over 100 years.
However, site inspection suggests the ancestral hall had been
demolished where only the entrance door and the floor remained. Oral history and the use of green
brick in remaining structure suggest that they may have existed for over 100
years.. |
|
Entrance Gate, Tin Sam |
·
A one-hall Hakka style gate built mainly for defence purposes during
the 1700s. It was renovated in
1996. The entrance gate is facing
the “ |
4.5.5 Tai Wai Bunker Complex (大圍地堡)
Tai Wai Bunker Complex (Figure 4.2.1)
was a military structure along Gin Drinker’s Line situated at the foothill of
Tai Wai. The Gin Drinker’s Line was a British military defense
line against the Japanese invasion of
4.5.6 Former
Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) Beacon Hill Tunnel (前畢架山隧道)
The Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel (Figure 4.2.2) is neither a declared monument or graded building, nor is it
proposed for grading. It is a single lane tunnel of standard gauge which was
built in the early 20th century – completed in 1910. The
construction method was drill and blast, brick lined with the portals at either
end built of granite in ashlar work. The lining of
the tunnel was upgraded in 1982 and 2008. The tunnel is currently only used for
a 750mm gas pipeline and is not accessible by the public.
4.5.7 Hin Tin
Village (顯田邨)
This village (Figure 4.2.2)
was established in 1926 by the villagers of
|
Built Heritage |
Description |
|
Law Ancestral Hall |
·
A one-hall Hakka style ancestral hall with simple decoration |
|
So Ancestral Hall |
·
A one-hall Hakka style ancestral hall with simple decoration |
|
Yeung Ancestral Hall |
·
A one-hall Hakka style ancestral hall with simple decoration. However, according to site inspection,
the ancestral hall had been demolished. |
|
Earth Shrine |
·
Rectangular shaped earth shrine of the village which is a newly
renovated. |
4.5.8 Keng Hau Village (徑口邨)
Ha
There are 3 built heritages identified in Figure 4.2.2 and as summarised below.
|
Built Heritage |
Description |
|
Wai Ancestral Hall Well Shrine |
·
A one-hall one-courtyard building
constructed of grey bricks and a pitch roof · A well shrine of the village which had been renovated with modern material |
|
Village House |
·
The only historical village house with
Hakka roofing style |
4.5.9 Chuk Yuen Village(竹園村)
The Lins’, originated from Fujian(福建), migrated to the
Kowloon region during the North Song Period (北宋)(956-1127) and
established the Pang Po Wai(彭埔圍). During the Coastal Evacuation (1661-1669) in the
early Qing(清) dynasty, they
moved back inland. After the Edict of the Coastal Evacuation was abandoned,
they returned and founded the Chuk Yuen Village(竹園村). Later on, some
of them moved to the nearby area and established the Po Kong village(莆崗村)in the early 18th
century.
The
village was destroyed during the Japanese Occupation (1941-1945). In 1957,
the
At
present, what is remain of the old village are a few post-war stone houses
(Village house No. 47, 48, 50, 65 and 73-75), and some ancestral tombs of the Lins’ (near
4.5.10
Wong Tai Sin Temple(黃大仙祠)
Some
legends say that Wong Tai Sin(黄大仙 also named as 黃初平) was a
shepherd boy living in a part of Zhejiang Province(浙江省) called
Red Pine Hill(赤松山).
When he was 15, he was taught the art of refining cinnabar into a
medicine that was said to cure all illnesses.
The
original
4.5.11 Chi Lin
Nunnery (志蓮淨苑)
The Chi
Lin nunnery (Figure 4.2.4)
was first established by 葦庵法師 and 覺一法師 in 1934, near Diamond Hill. During the civil war of
During
the 1980’s, the government decided to take back the land and other neighbouring
areas for the construction of Tate’s Cairn Tunnel. With the support from lots of social sectors, the construction work of
the new Chi Lin Nunnery had commenced in 1989 and was completed in 2000.
The
buildings were uniquely designed and built with wooden rooftops without the use
of a single nail in its construction. It was based on a Tang Dynasty
architectural style which used special interlocking systems cut into the wood
for construction.
Covering a space of about 30,000m2, Chi Lin Nunnery has statues of the Sakyamuni Buddha(佛陀畫傳), the goddess of mercy Guanyin (觀音)and other bodhisattvas. These statues are made of gold, clay, wood and stone. It is a living museum and a prominent tourist attraction.
4.5.12 Former Royal
Air Force Hangar（前英國皇家空軍飛機庫）at former Tai Hom Village （大磡村）
4.5.12.1
History
of the hangar before and during 2nd World War
Prior to the Japanese occupation, there were plans by the authorities to expand Kai Tak Airfield and build paved runways. Owing to this purpose, the RAF hangar located at the eastern end of the airfield and constructed in 1934, was dismantled in June 1941.
While it is not entirely clear when the hangar at Tai Hom was erected and by whom (Japanese or British), the current hangar was re-erected on-site around 1941-45 (Figure 4.2.4). It was designed to be taken down and reassembled quickly. The Hangar has been used by the Japanese troop during the 2nd World War.
4.5.12.2
After the 2nd World War
After the war, the RAF used the hangar which included housing the Spitfire squadron (Plate 1.1 in Appendix 4.4). The 1945-1958 Kai Tak Airport comprised two paved crossing runways that were built by the Japanese with British prisoner-of-war labour. The main runway in similar direction to the reclaimed runway at Kai Tak was located in the area that we know today as San Po Kong.
Prior
to the closure of RAF Kai Tak in the 1970s,
This
hangar is the only surviving pre-war military aircraft hangar in
Over
the last 40 years after the use by the RAF, the hangar had served for various
functions such as small scale industries and godown
storage. The structure has now fallen into disrepair with the roof exposed and
overgrown with vegetation (Plate 1.3 in Appendix 4.4). Details of the
historical background, structural condition and cultural significance of the
hangar and other similar historical buildings are given in Appendix 4.4A and
a condition survey in Appendix 4.4B. A summary is given below for easy
reference.
|
Structural Conditions |
A structural survey was conducted in January 2009 on the Former Royal
Air Force Hangar. The key
findings and conclusion of the structural survey are summarised as follows: · The general structural conditions are
poor; · Most of the steel members are extensively
corroded and deteriorating, which would have significant effect on its
structural integrity; · The condition of the Hangar is currently
not safe for public viewing. · The wall cladding and roofing materials
have been identified as having asbestos containing material. It will
therefore be necessary to remove and dispose of the wall cladding and roofing
to meet health and safety standards. |
|
Similar Heritage Items in HK |
According to the information in Hong Kong Aviation Club web-site,
there used to be an aircraft hangar in their previous club house at Kai Tak
before they moved to Shek Kong (ref http://www.hkaviationclub.com.hk/nav4b.html). The picture taken by Ron Pattinson also suggested that the shape and dimension was
generally consistent with that in DHS.
However, all the aircrafts had been relocated to Shek Kong Airfield
when Kai Tak was closed down in 1998.
Hence, the Former Royal Air Force Hangar in former |
|
Cultural Significance |
· This hangar is unique as the only
surviving pre-war military aircraft hangar in · The hangar was first constructed in 1934 at the Kai Tak airfield, dismantled in 1941 and later re-erected at its current location. It was designed to be quickly dissembled and reassembled. · Due to lack of regular maintenance, the structure of the hangar is not intact which diminishes its aesthetic and architectural value. · Much of its surrounding associated historical landscape (such as the two crossing airport runways in 1945-1958) has disappeared and its original historical identity as a military aircraft hangar is blurred by previous use for small scale industries and godown storage. · Organized historical information, including cartographic and photographic record would be necessary to communicate its historical value as a pre-war military aircraft hangar. · Together with the Old Pillbox, they contribute to the recollection of wartime history. |
4.5.13 Stone House,
No 4 Tai Koon Yuen （大觀園4號石寓）
The Stone House, No. 4 Tai Koon
Yuen (大觀園4號石寓)
was built in 1947 (Figure 4.2.4).
It was originally owned by Wu Junzhao(吳君肇), the ex-manager of the former Shanghai Bank of
Communications, and was rented to actor Qiao Hong(喬宏) between
1950s and 1960s. The neighboring house at No 5 Tai
Koon Yuen, now demolished, was once home of Li Hanxiang(李翰祥),
a famous film director (Photo 1.4 in Appendix 4.4).
This Stone House was built of granite from quarry
located within the Diamond Hill areas. It was a two storey building with
temporary structure of corrugated steel sheets on the roof. The windows are
framed with metal. The front part of the house is single storey with steel
balustrade around the flat roof, used as a roof terrace.
The stone building is the only surviving building
from the former
|
Structural Conditions |
A structural survey was conducted in February 2009 on the stone
house. The key findings and
conclusion of the structural survey are summarised as follows: · The general structural condition is poor and not suitable for living; · Part of the temporary squatter structure at the roof had collapsed; · Spalling and exposed reinforcement found under the roof and on the wall; · Most of the installation foam board in the audio room were damaged or in poor condition · If it is not properly repaired, this house would have the risk of collapsing. ·
Careful planning is required to record each
member of the house before dissembling into smaller pieces for relocation and
later reassemble. |
|
Similar Heritage Items in HK |
There are some stone houses of similar type in other places of |
|
Cultural Significance |
· The
Stone
House, No. 4 Tai Koon Yuen has historical linkage with · Many of its architectural features had been modified to a form different from its original style during 1947 – 1960. · This
building is a decent but not unique representation of this type of stone
house architecture in · The
cultural significance of the stone house is slightly diminished by the
absence of nearby evidence of the early film industry in |
4.5.14
Old Pillbox （機槍堡）at former Tai Hom
Village （大磡村）
A fortified pillbox lies to the
centre-north of the Tai Hom area, and close to the
hangar (Figure 4.2.4). This old pillbox was constructed by the
Japanese Air Force during the Japanese occupation (Plates 1.5 and 1.6 in Appendix 4.4). It was built to guard the eastern end of
the
The pillbox is a dome-shaped structure, with an extension on one side to provide a protected entry. The domed section is approximately 5m in diameter and 2.4m from ground level to top. The walls are made of cut stone blocks which were rendered by cement. There were originally five firing loopholes in the dome walls, and a further one through the wall to the entry. The interior is commonly flooded as the floor is below ground level.
After the war, the pillbox was abandoned and
subsequently occupied by squatters. However, the pillbox was retained after the
demolition of former
|
Structural Conditions |
A structural survey was conducted in February 2009 on the old
pillbox. The key findings and
conclusion of the structural survey are summarised as follows: · The general condition of the old pillbox is more satisfactory as compared to the Former Royal Air Force Hangar and stone house, except for the delamination of the plastering at the roof and some broken pieces of brickwork. ·
The structural integrity of the pillbox is
such that it should not be lifted in one piece. Subject to
further engineering study of its structural integrity, the pillbox will need
to be dismantled. |
||||||||||||
|
Similar Heritage Items in HK |
There were over seventy old pillboxes around the coast on
These old pillboxes are constructed by the British troops but the old
pillbox at former A complete picture of the old pillbox locations in the |
||||||||||||
|
Cultural Significance |
· The old pillbox is a part of the Japanese fortification of Kai Tak airport during World War II. · It is the only Japanese constructed pillbox and the only graded old pillbox in HK. · Much
of its surrounding associated historical landscape has disappeared (such as
the old · Together with the Hangar, they contribute to an important piece of wartime history. |
4.5.15 S.K.H.
The
About thirty years later, the church was in need of renovation and the government again appropriated the land for urban development. Hence, the church was re-constructed for the 3rd time, at the current location. The construction work was commenced in 1936 and completed in 1937.
The Chinese style architectural plan was designed by Mr Wu(吳建中先生). It is one of the very few church buildings in HK with such or similar Chinese style (ref http://www.holytrinitychurch.org.hk/history/traditional-htc.htm).
During the 2nd World War, the church stopped its operation and was occupied by Japanese troops. After the war, the church was used occasionally as a detention centre for Japanese soldiers. Church activities gradually resumed in the later years after the war [4-3].
4.5.16 Sung Wong Toi Inscription Rock(宋王臺)
The original boulder was
situated at the top of the Sacred Hill and is associated with the last boy
emperor of the Sung Dynasty(宋朝) (Figure 4.2.5). The Hill and boulder were left intact
until the Second World War when the Japanese destroyed part of the hill for the
construction of a new runway at Kai Tak.
The remainder of the hill was levelled for further runway expansion in
the 1950’s. The remnants of the large
inscribed boulder that survived the levelling of the hill were placed in the
According to the inscription on the rock, it was renovated during the Qing Dynasty(清朝) in 1807. The original date of its creation is unknown, although some scholars have argued that the stone was first inscribed during the Yuan Dynasty(元朝)(e.g. Jen 1967, 26-7; Chung 2001, 211). The Sung Wong Toi Inscription Rock is a Government Historic Site identified by the AMO. The rock is currently located in a small public garden outside the proposed boundary of the Kai Tak Development [4-5].
4.5.17
Tang King Po School (Figure 4.2.5) is a Catholic school
run by the Rev. Father of the Salesian Society. The
school was founded between 1952 and 1953 with the donation from a businessman
Mr. Peter Tang King Po (1879-1956). In July, 1953, it was officially opened by
Governor Sir Alexander William George Herder Grantham.
4.5.18
Heep Yunn School, Main
Building (協恩中學)
Heep Yunn
School (Figure 4.2.5) was officially
founded by Bishop Mok Sau Tseng on 19th May, 1937. During the
Occupation Period, the school was used by the Japanese Army as barracks. Later
after the war, it was converted into a Japanese Internment Camp and an Indian
Camp after the war. The School reopened as the first female school in Kowloon
on 8th February 1947.
4.5.19
Heep Yunn School, St. Clare Chapel
(協恩中學教堂)
St. Clare Chapel (Figure 4.2.5) was built inside
the Heep Yunn School in
1957. It is usually used for weekly meetings of Christian Fellowship in
school.
4.5.20 Old Far East Flying Training School (The Hong Kong
Aviation Club) (舊遠東飛行學校)
The Old Far East
Flying Training School, took over by the Hong Kong Aviation Club in 1983. (Figure 4.2.5). The Hong Kong Aviation Club is a complex
comprised of three buildings, namely the Old Far East Training School building
(built in 1958), the Old Aero Club building (1966) and the Old Hong Kong Flying
Club building (1968) of the Old Far East Flying Training School. The Far East Flying
Training School is the first commercial aviation enterprise in Hong Kong and
was closely associated with aviation in Hong Kong. It provided flying and
engineering training for civil pilots and engineers as well as members of the
air Arm of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps.
4.5.21
Fish Tail Rock (魚尾石)
Fish Tail Rock is located at Hoi Sham Park (Figure 4.2.6). It was named Fish Tail Rock due to its
resemblance to the tail of a fish diving into the sea. This site was an island
prior to the reclamation during the 1960’s. It was used as a place of worship
by the local boat people and represents the culture of the boat people of the
Kowloon Bay area. The original island was incorporated to the mainland due to
reclamation and the temple on the site was demolished during the same time.
4.5.22
Ma Tau Kok Animal
Quarantine Depot (馬頭角牲畜檢疫站)
The Ma Tau Kok Animal Quarantine Depot was built in 1908 (Figure 4.2.5). It covered about 1,700m2 of site with an indoor area of about 270m2. It was the former quarantine station for animals and later on a slaughterhouse which used to hold some 120 cows, 200 sheep and 400 pigs. At that time, Ma Tau Wai was not densely populated [4-3].
The depot was renovated to accommodate artists from the North Point Oil Street storehouse. It was renovated for the use by the Cattle Depot Artists Village in 2001(ie 牛棚藝術村).
4.5.23 Tin Hau Temple (To Kwa Wan) (土瓜灣天后廟)
Tin Hau
Temple (To Kwa Wan) was constructed in 1885 by local
Hakka fishermen (Figure 4.2.5).
Built facing the sea, Tin Hau was housed in the main
hall while the Dragon Mother(龍母) and Kwun Yum(觀音) were housed
in the side hall. The
temple has been managed by the Chinese Temple Committee since 1928.
4.5.24 Pak Tai
Temple (Hung Hom)
(紅磡北帝古廟)
The Pak Tai Temple
(Hung Hom) was built in 1876 at the junction of Tsing Chau Street and Ma Tau Wai Road (Figure 4.2.6).
The temple was relocated to the present location due to development in Hung Hom in 1929.
Since its establishment, the temple has been managed by the Chinese
Temples Committee.
4.5.25 Kwun Yam
Temple(紅磡觀音古廟)
It was first constructed in 1873
and renovated twice in 1889 and 1910 (Figure 4.2.6)
[4-3]. The temple has
been very popular since its establishment.
Many people pay their worship in the temple particularly during Chinese
New Year. A traditional event is to
“borrow” money from Kwun Yum for the next year during Chinese New Year (ie.
觀音開庫).
4.5.26 Fuk Tak
Temple(福德古廟)
According to the shrine inside the temple, the temple was founded in late 19th century due to the stone slab structure. The temple was newly constructed outside the shrine. The temple lies at the corner of Po Loi Street and Bulkeley Street and is a one-hall small temple which lies inside a pavilion (Figure 4.2.6). Inside the temple, a stone, which represents the Earth God, is worshipped.
The temple was said to be a small shrine founded in late 19th century. It was enlarged into a small temple after the war, and rebuilt/ renovated many times. In 2005, electricity was installed with the help of the nearby store. Great worship ceremony is held yearly in this Hung Hom Kwun Yum Temple.
4.5.27 Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnels at Chatham Road (Tunnel Network K4) (漆咸道防空隧道 K4)
This tunnel network is located in the area between Chatham Road, Fat Kwong Street, Wuhu Street and Gillies Ave (Figure 4.2.6). The majority of the tunnels were constructed of mortared random masonry side walls with precast reinforced concrete lintels with a layer of chunam fill over the crown. The remainder of the tunnels were unlined and localised enlargements were present. It was noted that some sections of the tunnels had been intersected by later construction projects and that the tunnels were sealed off in these places. At the time of the inspection in 1978, the tunnels were found to be in good condition.
4.5.28 Disused Air
Raid Precaution Tunnels at Valley Road (Tunnel
Network K5) (山谷道防空隧道 K5)
It is a network of pre-war air raid precaution tunnels (Figure 4.2.6) located beneath the former Valley Road Estate adjacent to Chatham Road in Hung Hom/ Ho Man Tin. Two tunnel exits can be identified on the ground surface. The tunnel network is located at a level of about +8mPD. Investigation has been undertaken by a GEO commissioned consultant in 1978 on all disused air raid precaution tunnel networks.
The supplementary report on the inspection of the tunnel network did not provide any useful information on the history, location or condition of the tunnels. However, a later report concerning the remedial repair works for this tunnel network contained the following relevant information; the tunnel network was categorised as a high priority network with respect to the potential for collapse affecting the general public and the remedial works were completed in May 1992. These consisted of filling in of voids above the tunnel network and backfilling of sections of the network. It was also noted that the tunnel network has high levels of Radon gas and that prolonged exposure to the atmosphere within the tunnels is a health hazard.
4.5.29 Gradings for Built Heritage
This EIA has assessed all the built heritage explicitly stipulated in the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB-191/2008) and those identified throughout the EIA process. It has been concluded that there are no Sites of Cultural Heritage (namely Declared Monument) situated in the Study Area. The Project Proponent shall implement all the recommended mitigation measures accordingly as discussed in Section 4.9.
The above built heritage has different gradings. In a recent comprehensive assessment of historical buildings, the grading for these built heritage have been reviewed by AMO (dated 18 March 2009) and submitted to Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB’s) consideration. A summary of the existing (at the time of writing this report) and the latest proposed grading is given below. The proposed grading of some of the built heritages has been confirmed according to the list of built heritage released by AMO on 2 September 2011. The 1:1000 plan maps showing the boundary of the built heritage are included in the built heritage survey (see Appendix 4.3).
Table 4.1: Existing and proposed grading of built
heritage
|
1:1000 Plan Ref |
Built Heritage |
Ownership [1][2] |
AMO Grading |
|
|
Existing |
Proposed [1] |
|||
|
A6.1-001 |
Che Kung Temple(車公廟) |
CTC |
Grade
2 |
Grade
2** |
|
A6.1-002 |
Tai Wai Tsuen (大圍村) Entrance Gate, Chik Chuen Wai(積存圍圍門) |
Private |
No
Grading |
Grade
2** |
|
A6.1-003 A6.1-004 A6.1-005 A6.1-006 |
Tin Sam Village (田心村) Entrance Gate, Tin Sam Liu Ancestral Hall Choi Ancestral Hall Leung Ancestral Hall |
Private Private Private Private |
No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading |
No
Grading** N/A No
Grading** N/A |
|
A6.1-006A |
Tai Wai Bunker Complex (大圍地堡) |
Gov’t |
No
Grading |
N/A |
|
A6.1-007 |
Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel (前畢架山隧道) |
Gov’t |
No
Grading |
N/A |
|
A6.1-008 A6.1-009 A6.1-010 A6.1-011 |
Hin Tin Village (顯田邨) Law Ancestral Hall So Ancestral Hall Yeung Ancestral Hall Earth Shrine |
Private Private Private Private |
No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading |
Grade
3** Grade
3** Grade
3** N/A |
|
A6.1-012 A6.1-013 A6.1-014 |
Keng Hau Village (徑口邨) Wai Ancestral Hall, Sheung Keng
Hau Village Houses Well Shrine |
Private Private Private |
No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading |
Grade
3 N/A N/A |
|
A6.1-015 A6.1-016 A6.1-017 A6.1-018 A6.1-019 |
Chuk Yuen Village (竹園村) Village House No.47 Village House No.48 Village House No.50 Village House No.65 Village House No.73-75 |
Private Private Private Private Private |
No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading No
Grading |
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A |
|
A6.1-020 |
Wong Tai Sin Temple (黃大仙祠) |
CTC |
Grade 2 |
Grade 1** |
|
A6.1-021a,b |
Chi Lin Nunnery (志蓮淨苑) |
Private |
No Grading |
N/A |
|
A6.1-022 |
Former Royal Air Force Hangar (前英國皇家空軍飛機庫) |
Gov’t |
Grade
3 |
Grade
3** |
|
A6.1-023 |
Stone House, No. 4 Tai Koon Yuen （大觀園4號石寓） |
Gov’t |
Grade
3 |
No
Grading** |
|
A6.1-024 |
Old Pillbox （機槍堡） |
Gov’t |
Grade
2 |
Grade
2**[3] |
|
A6.1-025 |
S.K.H. Holy Trinity Church (聖公會聖三一堂) |
Private |
Grade
3 |
Grade
2** |
|
A6.1-026 |
Sung Wong Toi
Inscription Rock (宋王臺) |
Gov’t |
No
Grading |
N/A |
|
A6.1-027 |
Tang King Po School（鄧鏡波學校） |
Private |
No
Grading |
Grade
3** |
|
A6.1-028 |
Heep Yunn School, Main Building (協恩中學) |
Private |
Grade
3 |
Grade
3** |
|
A6.1-029 |
Heep Yunn School, St. Clare Chapel (協恩中學教堂) |
Private |
No
Grading |
Grade
3** |
|
A6.1-030 |
Old Far East Flying Training School (舊遠東飛行學校) |
Gov’t |
No
Grading |
Grade
3** |
|
A6.1-031 |
Fish Tail Rock (魚尾石) |
Gov’t |
No
Grading |
N/A |
|
A6.1-032 |
Ma Tau Kok Animal Quarantine Depot (馬頭角牲畜檢疫站) |
Gov’t |
Grade
3 |
Grade
2** |
|
A6.1-033 |
Tin Hau Temple
(To Kwa Wan) (土瓜灣天后廟) |
CTC |
Grade
3 |
Grade
3** |
|
A6.1-034 |
Pak Tai Temple (Hung Hom)
(紅磡北帝古廟) |
CTC |
Grade
3 |
No
Grading** |
|
A6.1-035 |
Kwun Yam Temple (Hung Hom)
(紅磡觀音古廟) |
CTC |
Grade
2 |
Grade
1** |
|
A6.1-036 |
Fuk Tak Temple(福德古廟) |
Private |
No
Grading |
N/A |
|
A6.1-037 |
Disused Air
Raid Precaution Tunnels at Chatham Road (Tunnel Network K4) (漆咸道防空隧道 K4) |
Gov’t |
No
Grading |
N/A |
|
A6.1-038 |
Disused Air
Raid Precaution Tunnels at Valley Road (Tunnel Network K5) (山谷道防空隧道 K5)
|
Gov’t |
No
Grading |
N/A |
Note:
[1] As per AMO’s List of the Historic Buildings
in Building Assessment (as of 2 September 2011)
[2] CTC – Chinese
Temple Committee 華人廟宇委員會
[3] Grade 2 confirmed
on 31 August 2010
**
Proposed grading has been confirmed
for the Historic Building as per AMO’s list (as of 2 September 2011)
There would be 2 barging facilities for the proposed works during the
construction phase, one at Freight Pier, and one near Kai Tak Runway in Kowloon
Bay (see Figure 1.2).
Dredging is not required for the barging
facility at Freight Pier. However, there would be minor sediment dredging for the Kai Tak Runway Barging
Point. The purpose of the dredging is to remove the silt that has been
accumulated close to the runway structure over the years. The dredging would
not need to extend beyond the original seabed level at about -6mPD. The area
for dredging near the Kai Tak barging facility is shown in Figure 4.2A.
It can be seen from Figure 4.2A that the
silt close to the runway has be accumulated up to a level of about -2mPD which
is about 4m above the prevailing seabed. Closed grab dredger will be used to
remove these accumulated silt to ensure sufficient
water depth for the barges. Since the dredging is limited to those accumulated
silt in recent years, it is considered that the dredging would not have any
marine archaeological issues.
In addition, according to the previous marine
archaeological impact assessment (KTD EIA ref EIA 157/2008) in this area, no
further MAI is required but monitoring of archaeological finds is recommended
during dredging, including the followings:
(i)
Contractors
engaged for the dredging component of the development be
briefed on the potential objects of cultural significance that they may
encounter and the steps to take upon identifying them.
(ii)
If dredging is to take place within 20m of Kowloon
Rock, a marine archaeologist should be consulted in the event that such objects
are found during this phase of development
With reference to Figure 4.2A, the proposed
dredging area will be separated from the Kowloon Rock for at least 25m.
Therefore, recommendation item (ii) is not applicable to the proposed works.
4.7.1.1
Former
Tai Hom Village
As
can be seen in Figure
4.1.1, the DHS is located right at the former Tai Hom
Village at Diamond Hill. Most of
the former Tai Hom Village would be encroached by the
DHS except for the north east portion of the archaeological site.
The
alignment selection process has extensively investigated the possibility of
avoiding the former Tai Hom Village archaeological site.
The feasibility of using existing train depots and other works areas as the
trains stabling sidings has been studied in details (see Appendix 4.4D).
Examples of existing depots and areas that have been considered include
the followings:
|
Existing MTR Depots |
·
Tai
Wai Depot and Pat Heung Depot |
|
|
·
Ho
Tung Lau Depot |
|
|
·
Kowloon
Bay Depot |
|
Other areas |
·
Hung
Hom Freight Yard |
|
|
·
Shatin
Pass Quarry |
|
|
·
Hin
Keng |
|
|
·
Tai
Shui Hang |
|
|
·
Wu
Kai Sha CDA sites |
After
investigations, it has been confirmed that former Tai Hom
Village is the preferred location for the trains stabling sidings for SCL. As discussed
in Section 2.4.1, adequate length
and width have to be achieved (including EVA, access roads, turnouts, staff
accommodation, plant rooms, but excluding structures). Hence, together with the associated
approach tunnels, most of the former Tai Hom site
would need to be occupied.
Studies have then been conducted to investigate the feasibility of constructing the DHS underground so as to minimise any impacts on this archaeological site and the other built heritages within the archaeological sites (including the Former Royal Air Force Hangar, Stone House No 4 and the Old Pillbox).
Due to various engineering constraints, such as programme, additional spoil generated, and fire safety, it is considered that constructing the DHS totally underground is not practical and would not be welcomed by the travelling public as this will delay the opening of SCL for approximately 9 to 12 months. In addition, a fully underground DHS will require more vertical ventilation shafts, giving additional engineering and landuse constraints on the Diamond Hill CDA site above. This option would therefore not be considered and hence a semi-underground approach would be adopted for the DHS. The construction of such semi-underground DHS would inevitably involve the removal of the surface of the former Tai Hom Village. Any archaeological remains within former Tai Hom Village would therefore be directly affected.
In
order to investigate the archaeological potential of former Tai Hom Village, a field investigation was carried out at
various locations over the former Tai Hom Village in
March of 2009. The archaeological
survey report is given in Appendix 4.2 for information.
The
survey at the former Tai Hom Village has revealed
that the Tang/ Song Dynasty remains are both sparse and redeposited
and hence of lesser archaeological significance. However, assemblage of
Tang/ Song archaeological finds within urban setting is considered rare in Hong
Kong. Since the presence of the sparse Tang/ Song Dynasty layer extends to the
north-eastern part of the former Tai Hom Village site
would be directly impacted by the construction of the proposed DHS, appropriate
mitigation measures would be recommended.
4.7.1.2
Kowloon
Fort Archaeological Site
Kowloon
Fort Archaeological Site (Figure
4.1.2) is located approximately 190m to the north of the main route
alignment. The proposed
construction method for this tunnel section is cut-&-cover. No in situ
remains of the Kowloon Fort were found at this site according to the KTD EIA
(2006). It was suggested that the fort had been robbed out and removed during
the development works in the area in early 1930s. Given the considerable
separation distance during construction phase, it is anticipated that there
will be no significant impacts to this site.
4.7.1.3
Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier
Archaeological Site
Lung Tsun
Stone Bridge was a landing pier built in 1873-1875 (Figure 4.1.2). The
pier linked the east gate of Kowloon Walled City with the coastline. The Bridge
was constructed in three phases over a period of 35 years. It appears to have
been incorporated into the construction of Former Kowloon City Pier in 1930.
The Former Kowloon City Pier projected obliquely from the 1924 reclamation
seawall and was approximately 60m long. The southern section of the Bridge and
the Former Kowloon City Pier were likely demolished and buried in reclamation
during the Japanese Occupation (1941 – 1945).
The proposed SCL alignments will pass under the Former Kowloon City Pier
(See Figure 4.1.2, 4.1.2A and 4.1.2B). A
technical note on the Preservation of Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge (see Appendix 4.5) has been prepared to assess the
potential impacts from the Project.
The proposed SCL alignment would totally
avoid the remains of the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge
(including the dressed granite planks and masonry of six or seven spans and the
Pier End Structure). The horizontal distance on plan from the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge (Pier End Structure) to the nearest
buffer boundary would be about 25m. The buffer zone of Lung Tsun
Stone Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier is also illustrated.
Though there is a possibility that linking structures
may be present beneath the excavation level between Lung Tsun
Stone Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier, the differential settlement imposed
on such linking structure (if it does exist) is expected to be small and has
negligible impact to Lung Tsun Stone Bridge.
According to the Technical Note (Appendix 4.5) deck level of the remnants of the
first phase of Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge, which lie outside the SCL
alignment, is about +2.3mPD. The Bridge exposed remains (likely exist between
+2.81mPD and -2.0mPD) would not extend into the SCL tunnel (approx. -8.2mPD)
according to the further archaeological excavation.
Therefore, direct or indirect impact from the
SCL works to the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge is considered
unlikely.
Evidence
of remains of the second and third phase of Lung Tsun
Stone Bridge was not found in the subsequent archaeological excavation in
2009. Direct or indirect impact
from the SCL works to the second and third phase of the Bridge is therefore
considered unlikely.
The SCL alignment would however pass directly
under the Former Kowloon City Pier. The general
construction method for SCL structures proposed in Kai Tak Development area is
the open cut method. The SCL structures will be built inside a trench excavated
with sloping sides. Groundwater will be controlled by dewatering wells in the
side slopes of the excavation. As shown on Figures 4.1.2C and 4.3, open cut and cofferdam construction methods are
proposed west and east of the mined tunnels underneath the Former Kowloon City
Pier respectively. A buffer zone to the remains of the Former Kowloon City Pier
will be maintained during SCL construction within which no at-grade
construction activities to be carried out. The extent of open excavation will
be further reviewed in the detailed design stage. To the east, between Former
Kowloon City Pier and KAT, trench excavation within braced cofferdam walls is
proposed and a buffer zone of Former Kowloon City Pier will be maintained as
shown on Figure 4.3. This method has been adopted so as to preserve
buried seawall steps of the 1924 seawall north of the SCL Alignment that would
otherwise be disturbed by open cut excavation.
According to the Technical Note (Appendix 4.5), based on the finding in the
archaeological excavation, all the remains of the Former Kowloon City Pier
exposed are apparently standalone elements at level between +3.2mPD and
+2.0mPD. According to the information available including the results from PIT test by CEDD and
recent test by MTR Corporation, the length of the piles are best
estimated to be up to 9.5m. (see Technical Note – Appendix 4.5A). Based on
the length of 9.5m, the SCL temporary canopy tubes at the tunnel crown area are
1.8m – 2.2m clear of the possible pile toe levels.
Moreover, based on
the finding in the archaeological excavation, all the remains exposed are
apparently standalone elements and complicated structures involving structural
member(s) supported on another member(s) (such as a bridge deck wholly
supported by supporting pillars or abutments) were not discovered above the
excavation level. There is a possibility that linking structures may presence
beneath the excavation level between Lung Tsun Stone
Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier. However, given the buffer zone from the
edge of SCL tunnels, the differential settlement imposed to the linking
structure between Lung Tsun Stone Bridge and Former
Kowloon City Pier is expected to be small and has negligible impact to Lung Tsun Stone Bridge.
The mining method
presented on Figures 4.1.2C is designed to cope
with any obstructions that may be encountered. Canopy perforated hollow steel
tubes are driven into the ground in advance of and above the tunnel face.
Liquid cement (“grout”) is injected into each steel tubes
to provide a solid, reinforced umbrella and consolidate the soil around the
future tunnel. 5 nos. of bore hole logs at the adjacent area show that the SCL
tunnels crown area are within alluvium stratum mainly with silty
fine to coarse sand and thus grouting could be implemented effectively.
Indirect impacts on Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge and the Former Kowloon City Pier
due to ground-borne vibrations from construction equipment and SCL trains would
not be significant as they do not possess sufficient power or energy to disrupt
the relatively massive fragments.
4.7.1.4
Site
of Former Sacred Hill & Sacred Hill (North) Area
The SCL works will impact directly on part of the former Sacred Hill
site during the open cut construction of the TKW and the associated tunnel.
Though once a historically significant site, Sacred Hill was destroyed by the
Japanese during the 2nd World War and levelled during the 1950s. Archaeological
potential at the site of Former Sacred Hill is considered low. Therefore, no
significant impact on archaeology is expected at this site.
However, a large assemblage of Song Dynasty pottery was revealed in an
archaeological investigation under the KTD EIA at an area north of the Scared
Hill – the Sacred Hill (North) Area (Figure 4.1.3). Rescue excavation by
CEDD at test trench (AA3) located at the northern edge of the Sacred Hill
(North) area was recommended under the KTD EIA. It is located at approximately
50 m north of TKW. The open cut construction of the TKW may potentially impact
the southern extent of the Sacred Hill (North) Area directly as it overlaps
with the SCL works area. The archaeological investigation by CEDD has verified
the archaeological potential of the north of the Sacred Hill. Various evidences
suggest that the area was utilized as a burial or living ground, and then turned
into a dumping area after the inhabitants left the area. The study also
concluded that the artifact density in the area to
the east, south and north is low.
As discussed in Section 4.4.3.4, the archaeological survey-cum-rescue
excavation for a pumping station at Sacred Hill (North) by DSD for the Areas 1
and 2 completed in 2010 unearthed a large number of artefacts. Artefacts
unearthed include a large quantity of pottery and porcelain shards dating back
to Song and Yuen Dynasties. The survey-cum-excavation indicates that the
area around the pumping station is of archaeological potential.
Since the existing site for the Sacred Hill (North) Area had undergone a
series of reclamation over the past few decades, it is anticipated that the
archaeological potential for the fill material would be low and only the
original soil layer is considered to have potential for archaeology. The
survey-cum-excavation would be limited to the original soil layer within
temporary excavation areas within the Sacred Hill (North) Study Area. The exact
extent of survey-cum-excavation will be subject to the construction details of
the TKW. The tentative area requiring survey-cum-excavation is shown in Appendix 4.6. The exact area of
rescue excavation would be demarcated subject to the findings of the
survey/investigation within the Sacred Hill (North) Study Area.
4.7.1.5
Kowloon
City Execution Ground
The neighbouring at-grade temporary works
areas in the vicinity of the TKW would overlap with the boundary of the Kowloon
City Execution Ground (see Figure 4.1.3). As the execution ground did not
contain any structural features and the landscape had been filled in, there is
no archaeological potential at the site of the Kowloon City Execution Ground.
Moreover, only temporary at-grade works such as stockpiling and office area is
to be conducted on this site. No archaeological impact is anticipated at the
site.
There is no site of cultural heritage (Declared
Monument) recorded in the Study Area.
Potential impacts on built heritages other than Declared Monuments are
assessed as below.
4.7.2.1
Che
Kung Temple
Che Kung Temple (Figure
4.2.1) is located approximately 530m to the east of the northern limit of the
alignment. The current construction
plan for this area is to have at-grade track. Given the considerable separation
distance, adverse impacts during construction phase are not anticipated.
4.7.2.2
Tai
Wai Tsuen
Tai Wai Tsuen (Figure
4.2.1) (originally named Chik Chuen
Wai was built around 1574 of the Ming Dynasty. It was
a walled village of multi-clan with the Wais’ majority. Of prime concern is the Chik Chuen Wai
Entrance Gate which is located roughly 420m to the north of the current route
alignment. The current construction
plan for this area is to have at-grade tracks.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the Chik Chuen Wai Entrance gate in Tai Wai Tsuen during the construction
phase as the historical building is located a considerable distance from the
proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.3
Tin
Sam Village
Tin Sam Village (Figure
4.2.1) comprises four distinct historical buildings known as Lui, Choi and Leung Ancestral
Hall and Entrance Gate at Tin Sam.
The four historical buildings are located to south at varying distances
from the current route alignment, ranging from 200m (Lui Ancestral Hall) to
280m (Entrance Gate at Tin Sam). The current construction plan for this area is to
build the rail line at the current grade.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the to any of the four historical buildings in
Tin Sam Village during the construction phase as they are all located a
considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.4
Tai
Wai Bunker Complex
Tai Wai Bunker Complex is located at about 350m to the north of the proposed alignment. The current construction plan for this area is to build the rail line at the current grade.
There are no anticipated impacts to the Tai Wai Bunker Complex (Figure 4.2.1) during the construction phase as it is located at a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.5
Hin
Tin Village
Within Hin Tin Village (Figure
4.2.2) there are four recorded historical buildings: Law, So, and Yeung Ancestral Halls and the Earth Shrine. The three Ancestral Halls are located
approximately 200m east of the current route alignment while the Earth Shrine
is located approximately 165m. The
proposed construction method for this section of the alignment will consist of
a number of construction methods that include above ground station, viaduct and
cut-&-cover construction.
There
are no anticipated impacts to any of the four historical buildings in Hin Tin
Village during the construction phase as they are all located a considerable
distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.6
Former
KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel
The Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel (Figure
4.2.2) is a single lane tunnel of standard gauge which was built in
the early 20th century – completed in 1910. The lining of the tunnel
was upgraded in 1982 and 2008. The tunnel is currently only used for a 750mm
gas pipeline.
The Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel lies within 40m of the SCL alignment. Gas off-take Station adjacent to the Former KCR Beacon Hill tunnel portal lies within 0 - 5 m of the SCL alignment. The separation of soil between the train tunnel and the Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel will reduce vibration impacts and no monitoring is therefore necessary.
4.7.2.7
Keng
Hau Village
There are three registered historical buildings within Keng Hau Village (Figure 4.2.2) spread out over an area of roughly 175 m. The Well of Shrines is located 425 m, the Village House is 410 m and the Wai Ancestral Hall is 365 m east of the current route alignment. The route in this area will be constructed at grade.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the to any of the three historical buildings in
the Keng Hau Village during
the construction phase as they are all located a considerable distance from the
proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.8
Chuk
Yuen Village
There are a number of historical buildings in the Chuk Yuen Village (Figure 4.2.3) which have been designated as Village House No. 47, Village House No. 48, Village House No. 50, Village House No. 65 and Village House No. 73 – 75. The Village Houses in the Chuk Yuen Village are located between 55m to 24m south of the current route alignment. The proposed construction method in this particular area is the tunnel boring machine method.
It is anticipated that there will be no direct impacts to the historical buildings in Chuk Yuen Village. Potential Impacts due to vibration during the construction phase of SCL are considered negligible. Therefore, no vibration monitoring is necessary.
4.7.2.9
Wong Tai Sin Temple
The Wong Tai Sin Temple (Figure 4.2.3) is a Taoist Temple located on the southern slope of Lion Rock. The northern section of the temple is located directly within the path of the current route alignment. The proposed construction method for the area adjacent to Wong Tai Sin Temple is the tunnel boring machine method.
There are a number of anticipated impacts to the temple. Impacts due to vibration produced by the boring machine may impact on the temple. However, the 20 - 30m thick soil separation will provide some damping effect for the vibration induced from the train tunnel to the temple structures. Therefore, the vibration impacts may be negligible. In lieu of the particular importance of the much-visited temple precautionary measures, including pre-construction condition survey and vibration monitoring, would be recommended.
4.7.2.10
Chi
Lin Nunnery
Chi Lin Nunnery (Figure 4.2.4) is a very large complex measuring approximately 360m across. The western most extent of the Nunnery is located approximately 240m to the north-east of the current route alignment. Within the general area of the Chi Lin Nunnery there will be tunnel boring and cut-&-cover construction.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the Chi Lin Nunnery during construction phase as
it is located a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.11
Three
Historical Buildings at Former Tai Hom Village
There are three built heritage structures within the former Tai Hom Village (Figure 4.2.4). The former Royal Air Force Hangar is located within the proposed development as are the Stone House No. 4 (Tai Koon Yuen) and the Old Pillbox.
The feasibility of using existing train depots and other works areas as the train stabling sidings has been studied in detail (see Appendix 4.4D). After investigations, the former Tai Hom Village was found to be the preferred location for the trains stabling sidings for SCL. Alternative design of constructing the DHS underground has also been considered and evaluated (see Section 4.7.1.1) in order to minimise the direct impacts on the historical buildings at former Tai Hom Village. Due to engineering constraints, it is considered that constructing the DHS totally underground is not practical and would not be welcomed by the travelling public as this will delay the opening of SCL for approximately 9 to 12 months.
Consequently, the entire structure of the Former Royal Air Force Hangar and the Stone House will be directly impacted by the construction of the DHS area immediately south of the DIH and the main route alignment. In-situ preservation of these structures is not practicable. Detail photographic and cartographic record of both structures would be recommended to document these historic buildings prior to disassembling them. The former Royal Air Force Hangar is in poor condition. The wall and roof cladding of the hangar comprises asbestos containing materials and will have to be removed and disposed of for health and safety reasons. The steel frame of the hangar is highly corroded and could not safely be reassembled. It is therefore proposed to retain some portions of the structure that are of historical interest.
The stone house is an ungraded structure with limited heritage value. Although it is not recommended to reinstate this under the Environmental Impact Assessment, it is understood that the public is expecting that the structure will be preserved in some forms. The Project Proponent will continue to seek views from the community and will deal with this as an initiative.
The proposed east end of the SCL-DIH station box will encroach onto the footprint of the Old Pillbox.
In view of the direct impact to
the Pillbox, it is recommended to disassemble the Pillbox and store the parts
at a location away from the heavy construction activities.
Detail photographic and cartographic record of the Old Pillbox would be recommended to document it prior to disassembling the Old Pillbox and it is proposed to be reinstated as far as practicably possible. However it is a fragile and brittle structure and some parts may be subject to reassembly with new materials to maintain an adequate level of structural integrity.
4.7.2.12
S.K.H.
Holy Trinity Church
S.K.H. Holy Trinity Church (Figure 4.2.5) is located approximately 50 m north-west of the current tunnel alignment. Tunnel boring method will be adopted for the section of tunnel between TKW and MTW in order to minimize the disturbance to structures at this area.
There are no anticipated direct impacts to the S.K.H. Holy Trinity Church during the construction phase. The church may be indirectly impact by vibration due to its close proximity to the rail line. However, vibration impact caused by tunnel boring though soil in this section is negligible. In lieu of the particular importance of the much-visited church, precautionary measures, including pre-construction condition survey and vibration monitoring, will be recommended.
4.7.2.13
Sung
Wong Toi Inscription Rock
Sung Wong Toi Inscription Rock, situated within Sung Wong Toi Garden (Figure 4.2.5) is located directly within the proposed alignment and about 60m away from TKW. Tunnel boring method will be adopted for the section of tunnel between TKW and MTW in order to minimize the disturbance to structures at this area.
Due to the nature of the proposed construction method all earth moving activities will take place below grade with sufficient vertical clearance with the structure. Therefore there would be no direct impacts during construction phase but potential indirect impacts consisting of vibrations are considered likely. However, the vertical separation of 10m between the train tunnel and Sung Wong Toi Inscription Rock will reduce vibration impacts and no monitoring is therefore necessary.
4.7.2.14
Tang
King Po School
Tang King Po School (Figure 4.2.5) is located at approximately 250m away from the SCL alignment. Tunnel boring method will be adopted for the section of tunnel between TKW and MTW in order to minimize the disturbance to structures at this area.
There
are no anticipated impacts to Tang King Po School during construction phase as
it is located a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.15
Heep
Yunn School, Main Building
The Main Buildng of Heep Yunn School (Figure 4.2.5) is located at approximately 150m away from the SCL alignment. Tunnel boring method will be adopted for the section of tunnel between TKW and MTW in order to minimize the disturbance to structures at this area.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the Main Building of Heep
Yunn School during construction phase as it is
located a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.16
Heep
Yunn School, St. Clare Chapel
St. Clare Chapel (Figure 4.2.5) inside the Heep Yunn School is located at approximately 130 m away from the SCL alignment. Tunnel boring method will be adopted for the section of tunnel between TKW and MTW in order to minimize the disturbance to structures at this area.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the St. Clare Chapel of Heep
Yunn School during construction phase as it is
located a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.17
Old
Far East Flying Training School
The various buildings of the Old Far East Flying Training School (Figure 4.2.5) are located about 10m from the adit, 70m from TKW construction site and 80m from the route alignment. Tunnel boring method will be adopted for the section of tunnel between TKW and MTW in order to minimize the disturbance to structures at this area.
There
are no anticipated direct impacts to the Old Far East Flying Training School
during the construction. However the buildings may be indirectly impact by
vibration due to its close proximity to the TKW construction site. Appropriate
mitigation measure would be recommended to reduce the potential impacts during
construction.
4.7.2.18
Fish
Tail Rock
The
Fish Tail Rock (Figure
4.2.6) is located more than 300m from the current route alignment. Neither
direct nor indirect impact from the construction of SCL (TAW-HUH) is expected.
4.7.2.19 Ma Tau Kok
Animal Quarantine Depot
The Ma Tau Kok Animal Quarantine Depot (Figure 4.2.5) was built in 1908 and comprises an area of roughly 1,700m². The southwestern most extent of the site is located 300m to the east of the current route alignment. The rail line in this area will be constructed using the tunnel boring machine method.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the animal quarantine depot during construction
phase as it is located a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.20
Tin
Hau Temple (To Kwa Wan)
Tin Hau Temple (To Kwa Wan) (Figure 4.2.5) which was first built in 1885 by a local fisherman is located approximately 120m from the main route alignment of the MTW. The construction methods varying and will consist of tunnelling boring for the rail line and cut-&-cover method for the MTW.
It is anticipated that there will be no impacts to the Tin Hau Temple (To Kwa Wan) as it is located at a considerable distance from the route alignment.
4.7.2.21 Pak
Tai Temple (Hung Hom)
Pak Tai Temple (Hung Hom) (Figure 4.2.6) is located approximately 230m to the south-east of the current route alignment. The primary construction method for the closest section will consist of the drill-&-blast method.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the Pak Tai Temple (Hung Hom)
during construction phase as it is located a considerable distance from the
proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.22
Kwun
Yam Temple
Kwun Yam Temple (Figure 4.2.6) is located approximately 200m to the east of the current route alignment and 140m from the south-eastern section of the HOM. The primary construction method for the rail line adjacent to the HOM is cut-&-cover method.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the Kwun Yam Temple during construction phase as
it is located a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.23
Fuk
Tak Temple
Fuk Tak Temple (Figure 4.2.6) is located at over 400m from the SCL alignment. The primary construction method for the rail line adjacent to the HOM is the cut-&-cover method.
There
are no anticipated impacts to the Fuk Tak Temple during construction phase as
it is located a considerable distance from the proposed route alignment.
4.7.2.24
Disused
Air Raid Precaution at Chatham Road (Tunnel Network K4)
The tunnel (Figure 4.2.6) network K4 is located approximately 200m to the south of the SCL route alignment and HOM. The proposed construction method for the SCL will consist of drill-&-blast and cut-&-cover methods. Cut-&-cover will be the primary construction method for the rail line for KTE (another concurrent Designated Project) adjacent to the tunnel network.
The KTE EIA Study identified that the tunnel network in their present state will create an unsafe working environment for the proposed HOM works site. Portions of the tunnels would be filled up by mass concrete prior to the construction phase, and hence the tunnel network would be directly impacted by the proposed works from KTE Project.
4.7.2.25
Disused
Air Raid Precaution Tunnel at Valley Road (Tunnel Network K5)
The tunnel network K5 (Figure 4.2.6) is located adjacent to the current route alignment and to the HOM. The proposed construction method for the SCL will consist of drill-&-blast and cut-&-cover methods. Cut-&-cover will be the primary construction method for the HOM (another concurrent Designated Project) adjacent to the tunnel network.
The tunnel network in their present state will create an unsafe working environment for the proposed HOM works site. It has been recommended that portions of the tunnels be filled up by mass concrete prior to the construction phase, as such the tunnels will be directly impacted by the proposed works.
4.8.1.1
Former
Tai Hom Village
Figure
4.1.1, indicates that the DHS is located
across the former Tai Hom Village at Diamond Hill and
most of the former Tai Hom Village site will be
directly impacted by the DHS except for the northeast portion of the
archaeological site. Recommended mitigation measures would be conducted
prior to the construction. Further mitigation measure during the operational
phase is therefore not considered necessary.
4.8.1.2
Kowloon Fort Archaeological Site
No
impacts anticipated at this site during operation phase of SCL due to its
considerable distance from the route alignment.
4.8.1.3
Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier
Archaeological Site
SCL tunnels will pass under the Former Kowloon City Pier only, and has
no impact to the remnant of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge. According to the Technical Note on
the Preservation of Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge (see Appendix 4.5), the fragments of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier do not
possess the characteristics of structures that can be damaged by ground-borne
vibration, namely, fragility, sensitivity to particular frequencies, or shapes
that promote sympathetic vibration that can amplify movement in the fragments.
Moreover, in accordance with
the Project Proponent, previous experience in railway construction and
operation in several urban lines, ground-borne vibrations from construction
equipment and SCL trains simply do not possess sufficient power or energy to
disrupt the relatively massive fragments. For example, some sections of the
Island Line tunnels which have been operating for near to 30 years have less
than 300mm clearance between the tunnel lining and foundation of existing
buildings. No detrimental effects had been reported during construction and
operation stages.
For these reasons, no insurmountable impacts are expected from the SCL
operation on the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge and the
Former Kowloon City Pier.
4.8.1.4
Site
of Former Sacred Hill
Sacred Hill was destroyed by the Japanese during
the 2nd World War and levelled during the 1950s. Archaeological
potential at the site of Former Sacred Hill is considered low. Therefore, no
significant impact on archaeology is expected at this site during the
operational phase.
The northern section of the Sacred Hill (North) area
where rescue excavation was recommended under the Kai Tak Development EIA is
located at approximately 50 m north of TKW. A survey-cum-excavation has been
recommended for the construction phase. Impacts on archaeology at this site is not expected
to be significant during the operational phase upon the completion of the
required survey-cum-excavation prior to commencement of construction within the
Scared Hill (North) Area.
4.8.1.5
Kowloon
City Execution Ground
The tunnel section would not run underneath the
Kowloon City Execution Ground and hence no impacts are anticipated on this site
during the operational phase of SCL.
There is no site of cultural heritage (Declared
Monument) recorded in the Study Area.
Potential impacts on built heritages other than Declared Monuments are
assessed as below.
4.8.2.1
Former
KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel
The Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel can be potentially impacted by ground borne vibration from the train during the operation of SCL. However, no adverse vibration impact is expected due to the considerable vertical separation (~25 m) between the train tunnel and the Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel. Therefore, no monitoring is necessary.
4.8.2.2
Chuk
Yuen Village
The historical buildings within Chuk Yuen Village can be potentially impacted by ground borne vibration from the train during the operation of SCL. However, no adverse vibration impact is expected due to the considerable vertical separation (>40 m) between the train tunnel and the historical buildings. Therefore, no monitoring is necessary.
4.8.2.3
Former
Tai Hom Village
As discussed in Section 4.6.2.10, the entire structure of RAF Hangar, the Old Pillbox
and the Stone House No. 4 would be directly impacted during the construction
phase.
As detailed photographic
and cartographic records are recommended to document the Hangar, the Stone
House and the Old Pillbox prior to disassembling them, no other mitigation
measure is required during the construction phase of the SCL. However, the
pillbox and some portions of the hangar will be stored temporary away from the
DHS construction activities.
Description of the
further details of the reassembling plan for each of the historical buildings
at former Tai Hom Village is presented in Section 4.9.2.4.
During the operational
phase, the pillbox will be reassembled within the DHS site. As discussed in Section 4.9.2.4, the heritage value of
the reassembled structure would be largely reduced. Hence, there would not be
any impacts during the operational phase.
4.8.2.4
Wong Tai Sin Temple
The Wong Tai Sin Temple can be potentially impacted by ground borne vibration from the train during the operation of SCL. However, no adverse vibration impact is expected due to the considerable vertical separation (~30 m) of soft ground section between the train tunnel and the Temple. Moreover, the construction of an Emergency Egress Point (EEP), approximately 6m tall, is proposed to be constructed at approximately 50m northeast of the Temple. Since the northeast side of the Temple is already surrounded by urban housing estate, significant visual impact to the Temple due to the establishment of the EEP is not considered likely.
4.8.2.5 S.K.H Holy Trinity Church
The S.K.H. Holy Trinity Church can be potentially impacted by ground borne vibration from the train during the operation of SCL. However, no adverse vibration impact is expected due to the considerable horizontal and vertical separation (50m and 10m) of soft ground section between the train tunnel and the Church.
4.8.2.6 Sung Wong Toi Inscription Rock
The Sung Wong Toi Inscription Rock can be potentially impacted by ground borne vibration from the train during the operation of SCL. However, no adverse vibration impact is expected due to the considerable vertical separation (10m) of soft ground section between the train tunnel and the Garden. Therefore, no monitoring is necessary.
4.8.2.7 Old Far East Flying Training School
The
various buildings of the Old Far East Flying Training School (Figure
4.2.5) are located about 10m from the adit, 70m
from the TKW construction site and 80m from the route alignment. Potential
impact from the operation of TKW is considered unlikely as the station would be
underground. Given the considerable distance between the buildings and the SCL
route alignment, significant vibration impact during operation of SCL train is
not expected.
4.8.2.8 Fish Tail Rock
The
Fish Tail Rock (Figure
4.2.6) is located more than 300m from the current route alignment. Neither
direct nor indirect impact from the construction of SCL (TAW-HUH) is expected.
4.8.2.9 Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnel at Chatham Road (Tunnel Network K4)
The Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnel network at No. K4 Chatham Road will be backfilled during the construction phase. Therefore, no direct or indirect impacts are expected during the operational phase.
4.8.2.10 Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnel at Valley Road (Tunnel Network K5)
The Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnel network at No. K5 Valley Road will be backfilled during the construction phase. Therefore, no direct or indirect impacts are expected during the operational phase.
4.8.2.11 Others
No direct or indirect impacts are expected
during the operational phase of the proposed works for the following heritage
sites given the considerable separation distance from the proposed works: Che Kung Temple, Tai Wai Tsuen, Tin Sam Village, Tai Wai
Bunker Complex, Hin Tin Village, Keng
Hau Village, Chi Lin Nunnery, Tang King Po School, Heep Yunn School (Main Building),
Heep Yunn School (St. Clare
Chapel), Ma Tau Kok Animal Quarantine Depot, Tin Hau
Temple (To Kwan Wan), Pak Tai Temple (Hung Hom), Kwun
Yam Temple and Fuk Tak Temple.
4.9.1.1
Former Tai Hom Village
As discussed in Section 4.4.2.3, previous studies at the former Tai Hom Village Site reveal that the Tang/ Song Dynasty remains
found are both sparse and redepositied and hence of
lesser archaeological significance. However, assemblage of Tang/ Song
archaeological finds within urban setting is considered rare in Hong Kong. It is therefore recommended that a
survey-cum-excavation works to be conducted prior to the construction works at
the former Tai Hom Village site. The tentative extent
for the survey-cum-excavation within former Tai Hom
Village is shown in Figure 4.1A. Before the excavation, the archaeologist shall
conduct further test pits to refine the actual demarcation of the excavation
area. The locations and total numbers of these test pits would need to be
determined by the archaeologist and agreed with AMO on-site during the
survey-cum-excavation.
An Archaeological
Action Plan (AAP) following the Guideline for Archaeological Impact Assessment
should be submitted to the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) for
agreement. The project proponent should appoint qualified and experienced
archaeologist(s) with sufficient funding, time and personnel arrangements to
implement the AAP. The AAP should include a detailed plan for the
survey-cum-excavation and a contingency plan to address possible arrangement if
significant archaeological findings are unearthed during the
survey-cum-excavation. Details of the proposal plan with specification for the
survey-cum-excavation should be agreed with AMO prior to the submission of
licence application.
4.9.1.2
Kowloon Fort Archaeological Site
No
impacts are expected during construction phase on the Kowloon Fort for
Archaeological Site (see Section 4.7.1.2)
and therefore mitigation measures are not required.
4.9.1.3
Lung
Tsun Stone Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier
As discussed in Section 4.7.1.3, potential direct impact on the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge and Former Kowloon City Pier has been
avoided by tunneling underneath them and by adopting
a construction method which consolidates and reinforces the soil during
works. For Lung Tsun
Stone Bridge, a horizontal buffer distance would be maintained (see Figure 4.3). For Former Kowloon City Pier, a vertical
separation distance of 1.8-2.2m from the top of the tunnel would be maintained
(see Figure 4.1.2.B).
4.9.1.4
Site of Former Sacred Hill
The archaeological investigation by CEDD has
verified the archaeological potential of the north of the Sacred Hill. Various
evidences suggest that the area was utilized as a burial or living ground, and
then turned into a dumping area after the inhabitants left the area. The study
also concluded that the artifact density in the area to the east, south and
north is low. Since the existing
site for the Sacred Hill (North) Area had undergone a series of reclamation
over the past few decades, it is anticipated that the archaeological potential
for the fill material would be low and only the original soil layer is
considered to have potential for archaeology. The survey-cum-excavation would be
limited to the original soil layer within temporary excavation areas within the
Sacred Hill (North) Study Area. The exact extent of survey-cum-excavation will
be subject to the construction details of the TKW. The tentative area requiring
survey-cum-excavation is shown in Appendix
4.6. The exact area
of rescue excavation would be demarcated subject to the findings of the
survey/investigation within the Sacred Hill (North) Study Area.
An
Archaeological Action Plan (AAP) following the Guideline for Archaeological
Impact Assessment should be submitted to the Antiquities and Monuments Office
(AMO) for agreement. The project proponent should appoint qualified and
experienced archaeologist(s) with sufficient funding, time and personnel
arrangements to implement the AAP. The AAP should include a detailed plan for
the survey-cum-excavation, additional boreholes/trenches investigation and a
contingency plan to address possible arrangement if significant archaeological
findings are unearthed. Details of the proposal plan with specification for the
survey-cum-excavation and additional boreholes/trenches investigation should be
agreed with AMO prior to the submission of licence application.
4.9.1.5
Kowloon City Execution Ground
Impacts on archaeology at the Kowloon City Execution Ground, if any, are
considered unlikely during the construction phase. Therefore, mitigation
measures are not required.
Indirect impacts will arise from ground-borne vibration associated with major site formation works, such as tunnel formation. Appropriate vibration monitoring on the built heritages will be agreed with Buildings Departments (BD)/ Geotechnical Engineering Office (GEO) and implemented under the requirement of the Buildings Ordinance and/or Blasting Permit as appropriate.
4.9.2.1
Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel
The separation between the train tunnel and the Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel (~ 25m vertical and 40m horizontal in plan) will reduce vibration impacts during construction phase of SCL and no monitoring is therefore necessary.
4.9.2.2
Wong Tai Sin Temple
A pre-construction building condition report should be conducted for the
Temple. Tunnel boring construction method would be conducted at the northern
side of the Temple grounds. Therefore, monthly vibration monitoring should be
carried out during construction period as a precautionary measure to monitor
the vibrations caused by the boring machine.
4.9.2.3
Three Historical
buildings at Former Tai Hom Village
As discussed in Section 4.7.2.10, the Former Royal Air Force
Hangar, the Old Pillbox and the Stone House No. 4 would be directly affected by
the construction of the DHS and SCL-DIH.
As detailed
photographic and cartographic recorded will be recommended to document the
Hangar, Old Pillbox and the Stone House prior to their removal, no other
mitigation measure is required during the operational phase of the SCL. The Old
Pillbox would be reinstated as far as practicable after being temporarily
stored during the construction period. Portions of the hangar frame would also
be stored during construction and placed in areas of the CDA site during operational
stage to illustrate the structural technology used during war time. A model to
represent the current form of the hangar will also be displayed to demonstrate
the form and function of the hangar. The project proponent shall submit a
separate Conservation Plan for these 3 historical buildings. The following
shows an outline conservation plan for reference.
Appendix 4.4E presented the evaluation
of a number of possible mitigation measures. As on-site preservation is not
practicable, the following good practice is recommended for the 3 historical
buildings:
|
Old Pill Box: |
·
Documentation prior to disassembling,
temporary storage. ·
Reinstatement (as per the conservation
plan) within CDA site |
|
Stone House: |
·
Documentation prior to disassembling,
temporary storage of portions of historical interest (if necessary). ·
Follow recommendation as per the
conservation plan |
|
RAF Hangar: |
·
Documentation prior to disassembling,
temporary storage of portions of historical interest. ·
Display of retained portions and a model
within CDA site as per the conservation plan |
Disassembling refers to the breaking down of the entire structure into
smaller structural elements that would fit for temporary storage in an
appropriate manner, either on-site or off-site. Nevertheless, it should be
noted that the heritage values of these historical buildings would be largely
reduced once they are disassembled based on the Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites
in China (2003) and Burra Charter (1999).
The recording documentation and disassembling for temporary storage
would be undertaken by the Project Proponent.
Below is
a description of the further details of the mitigation measures for each of the
historical buildings at former Tai Hom Village.
|
3 Historical Buildings in Former Tai Hom
Village |
Proposed
Mitigation Measure Pre-construction |
Post-construction |
|
Former Royal Air Force
Hangar |
Further structural survey
and documentation, including cartographic and photographic record and
structural component inventory of the existing structure would be conducted. Disassemble the building with care, record and securely transport some
portions of historical interest and store. It should be noted that
the remaining wall and roof cladding has been identified to be asbestos
containing material and therefore all such material will need to be removed
and disposed of for health reasons. |
The poor structural
condition of the Hangar due to a lack of regular maintenance and the need to
remove and dispose of wall and roof cladding asbestos containing materials
would lead to the loss of most of its historical fabric. The Hangar is recommended
to be dismantled and some portions of historical interest be retained for
display within the future development site. The Project
Proponent will be the responsible party for disassembling of
the historic structure. The Project Proponent will be responsible for
display the retained portions together with a model as per the
recommendations in the conservation plan within the CDA Site. |
|
Stone House No 4 |
Further structural survey
and documentation, including cartographic and photographic record and
structural component inventory of the existing structure would be conducted. |
The poor structural
condition of the Stone House due to a lack of regular maintenance would lead
to the loss of part of its historical fabric, such as the original bonding
material of the granite stone during reassembling. With consideration of its
ungraded status, it is therefore proposed to not reassemble under the EIA.
However the Project Proponent will continue to seek views from the community
and will deal with this as an initiative. |
|
Old Pillbox |
Further structural survey
and documentation, including cartographic and photographic record and
structural component inventory of the existing structure would be conducted. A structural survey was conducted in February 2009 on the old
pillbox. The general condition of the old pillbox is more
satisfactory as compared to the Former Royal Air Force Hangar and stone
house, except for the delamination of the
plastering at the roof and some broken pieces of brickwork. The structural
integrity of the pillbox is such that it should not be lifted in one piece.
Subject to further engineering study of its structural integrity, the pillbox
will need to be dismantled. Disassemble the building with care, record and securely transport and store each
reusable component. |
The temporary relocation
within DHS site would lead to loss of heritage value to the Pillbox. Reassembling the Pillbox
as far as practicable is proposed. The Project
Proponent will be the responsible party for disassembling of
the historic structure and reassembly. The Project Proponent will be responsible for
reinstating the Old Pillbox as per the recommendations in the conservation
plan within the CDA Site. |
The project proponent shall submit a separate
Conservation Plan for these 3 historical buildings as another mitigation
measure. The following shows an outline conservation plan for reference.
|
Key Aspects |
Description |
|
Assessment of Cultural Significance |
·
Assess and confirm
the historical and cultural significance of the 3 historical buildings based
on the latest information (including site visits, etc) ·
Identify any
special elements of cultural interest and significance (including facade, or
architectural and structural elements for the period when the 3 historical
buildings were actively used, etc) ·
Identify any gaps
in the knowledge of the 3 historical buildings. ·
Prepare an
inventory of heritage resources |
|
Assessment and Analysis of Conservation Needs |
·
Physical conditions
of the special elements of cultural interest and significance ·
Latest AAB’s
grading and public aspiration (including those from public consultation, if
any) ·
List of special
elements of cultural interest and significance that have to be conserved |
|
Identification of constraints and opportunities |
·
Need and extent for
physical repairing ·
Statutory
requirements (eg means of public access and escape,
utilities) ·
Safety constraints
(eg asbestos containing materials have to be
totally removed) ·
Land availability
within the CDA site ·
Requirements on
implementation timeframe / responsibility |
|
The Proposed Use |
·
Conservation
objectives ·
Conservation
principles for proposal ·
Proposal plans
(including design drawings) ·
Management plan and
implementation agent |
|
Review Arrangement |
·
Arrangement and
timescale for a periodic review of the contents of the plan and the
implementation of the actions recommended. |
|
Supplementary Information |
·
Bibliography and
references ·
Specialist reports and
documentation ·
Plan, photographs
and other site data (eg topo
and building) ·
Survey data |
Reference has been made to the following documents:
·
Conservation Plan by James Semple Kerr
·
Conservation Plan by Charter of Venice (ICOMOS)
·
Conservation Plan by the Burra Charter (ICOMOS
Australia)
·
Conservation Plan by the Principles for the Conservation of Heritage
Sites in China (China ICOMOS
·
Conservation Plan by the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation
of Heritage Sites in Canada.
·
“Conservation Plans – A guide to the Preparation of Conservation Plans
“ - Historic Scotland 2000
·
“Conservation Plan: A Guide to the Preparation of Conservation Plans for
Places of European Cultural Significance” - Sydney: National Trust of Australia
(NSW), Kerr, J. S. 2000
·
“The Illustrated Burra Charter, Australia”
- Australia ICOMOS Inc., Walker, M
and Marquis-Kyle, P. 2004
·
“Conservation Management Plan for the old Tai O Police Station” – Hong
Kong Heritage Conservation Foundation Plan, April 2009
4.9.2.4
S.K.H Holy Trinity Church
A pre-construction building condition survey should be conducted for the S.K.H Holy Trinity Church prior to construction. Moreover, monthly vibration monitoring during TKW construction works is recommended as a precautionary measure to monitor the vibrations caused by the works.
4.9.2.5
Sung Wong Toi Inscription
Rock
Impacts due to vibration during construction phase of SCL are considered negligible. Therefore, no monitoring for vibration is necessary.
4.9.2.6
Old Far East Flying Training School
Pre-construction building condition survey should
be conducted for the buildings of the Training School. Moreover, monthly
vibration monitoring during TKW construction works is recommended as a precautionary measure
to monitor the vibrations from the
construction works.
4.9.2.7 Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnel at Chatham Road (Tunnel Network K4)
According to KTE EIA Study, the Disused
Air Raid Precaution Tunnel network will be backfilled during the construction works
for the adjacent HOM. Thus, the tunnel network would be directly impacted by
the proposed works. A complete documentation of the Tunnel network, where safe
access is permitted, including cartographic, photographic and structural
survey, would be undertaken prior to commencement of works as a mitigation
measure for the Disused Air Raid Tunnel network.
4.9.2.8
Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnel network K5
Valley Road
The Disused Air Raid Precaution Tunnel
network will be backfilled during the construction works for the proposed SCL
alignment and adjacent HOM. Thus, the tunnel network would be directly impacted
by the proposed works. A complete documentation of the tunnel network, where
safe access is permitted, including cartographic, photographic and structural
survey, would be undertaken prior to commencement of works as a mitigation
measure for the Disused Air Raid Tunnel network.
No mitigation measures are required for the
following heritage sites as there will not be adverse impacts on these sites from
the proposed works: Che Kung Temple, Tai Wai Tsuen, Tin Sam Village, Tai Wai Bunker Complex, Former KCR Beacon Hill Tunnel, Hin Tin Village, Keng Hau Village, Chuk Yuen Village, Chi
Lin Nunnery, Tang King Po School, Heep Yunn Scool (Main Building), Heep Yunn School (St. Clare
Chapel), Fish Tail Rock, Ma Tau Kok Animal Quarantine
Depot, Tin Hau Temple (To Kwan Wan), Pak Tai Temple (Hung Hom),
Kwun Yam Temple and Fuk Tak Temple.
No insurmountable adverse impacts are expected
during the operational phase for all the heritage sites. Therefore, no
mitigation measures are recommended for operational phase.
As discussed in Section 1, HOM and HUH would be implemented by other DPs including
KTE and SCL-Mong Kok East
to Hung Hom Section respectively. However, under the
requirements of the EIA Study Brief, the impacts and mitigation for these 2
stations are also discussed in this section.
4.11.1 HOM
According to the approved EIA Report of KTE (EIA-184/2010), the
construction of the HOM would have direct impacts on the Disused Air Raid
Precaution Tunnels at Valley Road (Tunnel Network K5).
The mitigation measures recommended for the Tunnel Network K5 should be implemented.
Information for K5 is given in Section
4.5.28. As discussed in Section
4.8.2.10, the K5 Tunnel would be backfilled during the construction phase.
Operational phase mitigation measures are therefore not required.
4.11.2 HUH
According to the EIA Report for SCL – Mong Kok East to Hung Hom Section, there are neither known archaeological sites
nor built heritage within 300m from the HUH. Hence, there would not be any
impacts on archaeological site and built heritage. Mitigation measures are also
not required.
A summary of the impacts and mitigation
measures for cultural heritage is given below.
Table 4.2: Summary of impacts and mitigation measures for
construction and operational phases
|
Heritage Items |
Horiz Dist from Alignment |
Construction Phase |
Operational
Phase |
Construction Method |
|||
|
Impact |
Mitigation |
Impact |
Mitigation |
||||
|
Direct |
Indirect |
||||||
|
Archaeological Sites |
|||||||
|
Former Tai Hom Village |
0 m |
Y |
N/A |
Submission of
Archaeological Action Plan Conduct Survey-Cum-Excavation
prior to construction |
N/A |
N/A |
Semi-underground
construction |
|
Kai Tak Area |
|||||||
|
Lung Tsun Stone Bridge |
25m (Distance between the bridge and the buffer
boundary) |
N |
Negligible |
Allow a buffer zone (see Figure 4.1.2C and Figure 4.3) |
Negligible |
N |
Mining |
|
Former Kowloon City Pier |
0m (vert separation of 1.8m –
2.2m from the top of tunnel) |
N |
Negligible |
Allow a buffer zone (see Figure 4.1.2C and Figure 4.3) |
Negligible |
N |
Mining |
|
Site of Former Scared
Hill Sacred Hill (North) Area |
0m |
Y |
N/A |
Submission
of Archaeological Action Plan. Conduct survey-cum-excavation and additional
boreholes/trenches investigation prior to construction. |
N/A |
N/A |
Open cut |
|
Built Heritage |
|||||||
|
Che Kung Temple |
530 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Tai Wai
Tsuen |
420 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Tin Sam Village |
|||||||
|
Liu Ancestral Hall |
200 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Choi Ancestral Hall |
220 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Leung Ancestral Hall |
260 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Entrance Gate, Tin Sam |
280 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Tai Wai Bunker Complex |
300m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Hin Tin Village |
|||||||
|
Law Ancestral Hall |
200 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Above ground station construction, viaduct and
cut-&-cover |
|
So Ancestral Hall |
200 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Above ground station construction, viaduct and
cut-&-cover |
|
Yeung Ancestral Hall |
200 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Above ground station construction, viaduct and
cut-&-cover |
|
Earth Shrine |
165 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Above ground station construction, viaduct and
cut-&-cover |
|
Former KCR Beacon Hill
Tunnel |
40 m
(vert. separation of 25m) |
N |
Negligible |
Nil |
Negligible |
N |
Cut-&-cover, mined
tunnel and drill-&-blast |
|
Keng Hau
Village |
|||||||
|
Well Shrine |
425 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Village House |
410 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Wai Ancestral Hall |
365 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
At-grade |
|
Chuk Yuen Village |
|||||||
|
Village House |
50 m (vert. separation of 40m) |
N |
Negligible |
Nil |
Negligible |
N |
Bored tunneling |
|
Village House |
50 m (vert. separation of 40m) |
N |
Negligible |
Bored tunneling |
|||
|
Village House |
55 m (vert. separation of 40m) |
N |
Negligible |
Bored tunneling |
|||
|
Village House |
30 m (vert. separation of 40m) |
N |
Negligible |
Bored tunneling |
|||
|
Village House |
24 m (vert. separation of 40m) |
N |
Negligible |
Bored tunneling |
|||
|
Wong Tai Sin Temple |
0 – 130 m (vert. separation ~30m) |
N |
Negligible |
Pre-construction
structural condition survey. Monthly ground-borne vibration
monitoring during construction. |
Negligible |
N. |
Bored tunneling |
|
Chi Lin Nunnery |
240 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Bored tunneling and cut-&-cover |
|
Former Tai Hom Village |
|||||||
|
Former Royal Air Force
Hangar |
0 m |
Y |
N |
A full cartographic and
photographic survey documentation after asbestos containing materials has
been removed but prior to disassembling the remainder of the Hangar. A
conservation plan to be submitted. Portions of historical interest will be
displayed together with a model within CDA site as per the conservation plan. |
N/A |
N/A |
Cut-&-cover |
|
Stone House No. 4 |
0 m |
Y |
N |
A full cartographic and
photographic survey documentation prior to disassembling the Stone House. A conservation
plan to be submitted. |
N/A |
N/A |
Cut-&-cover |
|
Old Pillbox |
5 m |
Y |
N |
A full cartographic and
photographic survey documentation prior to disassembling the Pillbox. A conservation
plan to be submitted. Reinstatement as per the conservation plan within CDA
Site. |
N/A |
N/A |
Cut-&-cover |
|
S.K.H. Holy Trinity
Church |
50 m (vert. separation of 10m) |
N |
Negligible |
Pre-construction
structural condition survey. Monthly ground-borne
vibration monitoring during construction |
Negligible |
Nil |
Bored tunneling / cut-$-cover |
|
Sung Wong Toi Inscription
Rock |
0 m (vert. separation of 10m) |
N |
Negligible |
Nil |
Negligible |
N |
Bored tunneling / Cut-&-cover |
|
Old Far East Flying
Training School |
10 – 80m (about 10m from adit,
70m from TKW and 80m from the route alignment) |
N |
Y |
Pre-construction
structural condition survey. Monthly ground-borne
vibration monitoring during construction |
N |
N |
Bored tunneling |
|
Fish Tail Rock |
>300 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Bored tunneling |
|
Ma Tau Kok Animal Quarantine Depot |
300 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Bored tunneling |
|
Tin Hau
Temple (To Kwa Wan) |
120 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Bored tunneling and cut-&-cover |
|
Pak Tai Temple (Hung
Hom) |
230 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Drill-&-blast |
|
Kwun Yam Temple |
200 m |
N |
N |
Nil |
N |
N |
Cut-&-cover |
|
Disused Air Raid
Precaution at Chatham Road (Tunnel Network K4) |
200 m |
Y |
N |
A full cartographic and
photographic survey should be conducted for the accessible sections of the
tunnels prior to construction |
N |
N/A |
Drill-&-blast and cut-&-cover |
|
Disused Air Raid
Precaution at Valley Road (Tunnel Network K5) |
0 m |
Y |
N |
A full cartographic and
photographic survey should be conducted for the accessible sections of the
tunnels prior to construction |
N |
N/A |
Drill-&-blast and cut-&-cover |
[4-1]
Archaeo-Environments
Ltd Tai Hom
etc 2002.
[4-2]
Au Ka Fat, 2002. Report of the Archaeological Excavation
at Tai Hom
Tsuen
[4-3]
明報出版社. 追尋九龍古蹟，爾東(文)，李健信(攝影)
[4-4]
鐘宝賈著. 香港百年光影. 北京大學出版社.
[4-5]
Kai Tak development EIA (ref EIA 157/2008)
[4-6]
宋皇台紀念集. 香港趙氏宗親會
[4-7]
饒宗頤, 1959. 九龍與宋季史料. 萬有圖書公司.
[4-8]
Lo Hsiang-lin, 1963. Hong
Kong and its External Communications before 1842 (English Version). Institute
of Chinese Culture, H.K.
[4-9]
蕭國健著, 1986. 清初遷海前後香港之社會變遷. 台灣商務印書館.
[4-10]
蕭國健著, 1987. 九龍城史論集. 香港顯朝書室.
[4-11]
白德著, 1991.香港風物志. 香港市政局.
[4-12]
蕭國健著, 1994. 香港歷史與社會. 香港教育圖書公司.
[4-13]
蕭國健著, 1995. 香港古代史. 香港中華書局.
[4-14]
蕭國健、湯開建合編, 1998. 香港：從遠古到一九九七. 香港齡記出版社.
[4-15]
蕭國健、沈思合編, 2001. 香港市區文化之旅. 香港萬里書店出版社.
[4-16]
九龍城區議會, 2005. 九龍城區風物志
[4-17]
蕭國健著, 2006. 香港古代史(修訂版).香港中華書局.
[4-18]
爾東著, 2007. 追尋九龍古蹟. 明報出版社.
[4-19]
蕭國健著, 2008.香港新界之歷史與鄉情. 中華文教交流服務中心.
[4-20]
觀塘區議會, 2008.觀塘風物志.
[4-21]
Agreement No CE 11/77 Investigation of Disused Tunnels
Network : Preliminary Report on
Network K4 Chatham Road (Mott, Hay, Anderson 1978)
[4-22]
Agreement No CE 11/77 Investigation of Disused Tunnels
Network : Supplementary Report on Network K5 Valley Road (Mott, Hay, Anderson
1982)
[4-23] Contract No GC/89/12 Disused Tunnels
– Remedial Works Network No K5 Valley Road – Maintenance Manual (Mott MacDonald Hong Kong Ltd
1992)
[4-24] Henry, J.K.M., Villiers, A.W.C. & Gandy, J.J. 1961. The construction of the new Hong Kong airport. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, Vol. 19, pp 157 - 184.
[4-25] Kerr, J.S.
(James Semple). 2004.
Conservation Plan: a guide to
the preparation of conservation plans for places of European cultural
significance. 6th edition. National Trust of Australia
[4-26] ICOMOS. 1999. Burra Charter: the Australia’s ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. Australia ICOMOS
[4-27] China ICOMOS, 2003. Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China. The Getty Conservation Institute