Environmental Performance Report 2005
Environmental Protection Department

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| Foreword | 1 Environmental Policy | 2 Organisation, Programmes and Responsibilities | 3 EPD Offices and Facilities | 4 Our Influence and Impact on the Environment | 5 Our Contribution to the Environment | 6 Our Own Operations | 7 Progress on Year 2004 Targets | 8 Targets for 2005 | 9 Verification Statement | 10 Feedback Form |

| 5.1 Our Contribution to Strategic Decision-Making | 5.2 Planning for a Better Environment | 5.3 Effective Enforcement and Emergency Response | 5.4 Building Partnerships and Customer Service | 5.5 Environmental Awareness and Education | 5.6 Professional Development and Research |


5 Our Contribution to the Environment
   5.2 Planning for a Better Environment

5.2a Prevention and Mitigation through Environmental Impact Assessment
5.2b Better Air Quality
5.2c Quieter Environment
5.2d Better Water Quality
5.2e Environmentally Sound Waste Management and Facilities

5.2b Better Air Quality 

| Our Responsibilities | Air Quality in 2004 | Achievements in 2004 |


Our Responsibilities

To achieve and maintain satisfactory air quality through intervention in the planning process and enforcement of the Air Pollution Control Ordinance, Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance and other statutory requirements.

Air Quality in 2004

The EPD operates 14 air quality monitoring stations to monitor compliance with Air Quality Objectives (AQOs). See map at Figure 1.

Air quality deteriorated in 2004 due to a combination of increasing regional pollution and unfavourable weather conditions. Annual AQOs were exceeded at most stations due to high particulate levels. Table 1 sets out the compliance status of long-term (Annual) Air Quality Objectives for various monitoring stations in 2004.

Non-compliance with short-term AQOs can best be represented by the frequency at which the Air Pollution Index exceeds 100. In 2004, the Air Pollution Index exceeded 100 on 87 days.

Figure 1 - Location of EPD's Air Quality Monitoring Stations.

Table 1 - Compliance Status of Long-term (1-year and 3-month average)
Air Quality Objectives (AQO) in 2004
Station
Sulphur Dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide
Total Suspended Particulates
Respirable Suspended Particulates
Lead
 
1-year
1-year
1-year
1-year
3-month
General
Station
Central/Western
x
Eastern
--
--
Kwai Chung
x
x
--
Kwun Tong
x
x
Sham Shui Po
x
x
--
Tsuen Wan
x
x
Sha Tin
x
--
Tai Po
~
~
~
~
--
Tung Chung
x
Yuen Long
x
x
Tap Mun
--
--
Roadside Station  
Causeway Bay
x
--
x
--
Central
x
--
x
--
Mong Kok
x
x
x
Notes:
"•" Complied with the AQO
"x" Violated the AQO
"--" Not measured
"~" Data are below the minimum requirement for compliance assessment

Achievements in 2004
| Regional Air Quality | Motor Vehicle Emissions | Volatile Organic Compounds | Other Air Issues
|

Regional Air Quality

The Hong Kong and Guangdong administrations are working together to address the growing problem of regional air pollution. Ambitious targets have been set to reduce levels of four major air pollutants and enable Hong Kong to largely comply with our Air Quality Objectives by 2010. The targets can be met if all areas of an agreed plan of action can be carried out. The plan involves reducing emissions from power plants, industry and motor vehicles. In 2004 the following was achieved:

1.
A regional joint air quality monitoring network was in place, ready to start operating in mid-2005. 16 stations have been set up, including 3 in Hong Kong.
2.
A manual on the agreed standards for compiling emissions inventories was completed.
3.
Technical exchanges with Guangdong continued, thereby enhancing understanding and knowledge on both sides. The EPD was also closely involved in the setting up of the Guangdong Province Quality Assurance Laboratory to support the Guangdong Province air quality monitoring network.
4.
Discussions were underway between Hong Kong, Guangdong and the Hong Kong power companies on a pilot emissions trading scheme.
5.
The Hong Kong SAR Government undertook negotiations with the local power plants on reducing emissions and energy consumption.
6.
Hong Kong continued with its programmes to reduce motor vehicle emissions and volatile organic compounds (see below).

Guangdong has also taken a number of steps to reduce emissions. It has adopted Euro II standards for new vehicles, reduced the sulphur content of motor diesel fuel from 0.5% to 0.2% or less, started building subways and liquefied natural gas plants, and started installing flue gas desulphurisation systems to electricity generating units with a capacity of more than 125 megawatts.

Motor Vehicle Emissions

Significant success has been achieved in controlling motor vehicle emissions. New vehicles have to meet Euro III standards and we will update to Euro IV by 2006. Automotive fuels will meet Euro IV standards in 2005. For existing vehicles, a $1.4 billion package was announced in 1999 to address emissions. As a result of these measures, nitrogen oxides and particulate emissions from motor vehicles have decreased, as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 - Territory wide motor vehicle pollutant emissions
 
Weight units in tonnes
Normalized Emission
Year / Pollutants
PM
NOx
PM
NOx
1999
3 900
27 500
100%
100%
2000
3 590
27 800
92%
101%
2001
3 040
26 300
78%
96%
2002
2 800
25 500
72%
93%
2003
2 090
20 100
54%
73%

In 2004 progress was made in the following areas:

1. Retrofitting older diesels
About 34 000 pre-1995 diesel vehicles over four tonnes have been retrofitted with particulate removal devices. In addition, about 3 500 long-idling vehicles, which need a different type of catalyst, will be invited for retrofitting in 2005. The retrofitting programme should be completed by the end of 2005.

2. Replacing diesels
Nearly all of Hong Kong's taxis operate on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Nearly 80% of the newly registered public light buses were LPG models.

3. Reducing smoky vehicles
As a result of measures undertaken over the past five years, smoky vehicle reports have dropped by 77.6% compared with 1999, as seen in Table 3.

Table 3 - Smoky vehicle reports have dropped significantly since the $1.4 billion package to reduce motor vehicle emissions was introduced in 1999
Year
Smoky Vehicle Reports Received
Year
Smoky Vehicle Reports Received
88
16 418
96
44 665
89
25 147
97
40 536
90
29 032
98
46 802
91
32 919
99
58 960
92
68 974
00
64 118
93
66 705
01
29 236
94
67 551
02
18 533
95
51 635
03
15 392
04
13 215

In addition, the EPD organised a Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Workshop 2004 in December to promote exchanges of technology and experiences. Participants came from the Mainland, the United States and elsewhere in Asia.

Photo of Mr Roy Tang, Deputy Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works, addresses the audience at the Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Workshop 2004 held in Hong Kong in December.


Volatile Organic Compounds

A mandatory registration and labelling scheme for volatile organic compounds went out for public consultation in 2004, with the aim of using market forces to control the problem. Also, a regulation to require petrol filling stations to install and operate vapour recovery systems for vehicle re-fuelling was gazetted in December 2004 and will be implemented by the end of 2005.

Other Air Issues

Advice: The EPD provides professional advice in the strategic, land use and transportation planning processes. In 2004 we provided 751 pieces of air planning advice; a breakdown can be seen in Figure 2 - Statistics of Air Planning Advice 2004.

Figure 2 – Statistics of Air Planning Advice

(i) – Statistics of Air Planning Advice in 2004 - Breakdown by types (See Data)

(ii) - Yearly Statistics of Air Planning Advice (See Data)

Regional ozone standard: In 2004 the department introduced a sophisticated standard reference photometer (SRP), obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the United States. It is being used as a regional calibration standard for ozone measurement. Environmental authorities in Macau, Beijing and Guangdong have also checked their ozone calibrators against our SRP.

CFCs: A voluntary programme was launched to promote CFC-free treatment inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The programme has received widespread support from stakeholders, and the public health care sector is working progressively to adopt non-CFC replacements. Separately, a reduced quota for local consumption of HCFCs was successfully launched during the year.

Indoor air: A voluntary Indoor Air Quality Certification scheme that was introduced in September 2003 has seen six sites achieve "Excellent Class" and 46 sites "Good Class".

Government initiative: The Environment, Transport and Works Bureau required all Government offices to set their air-conditioning thermostats at 25.5 degrees Celsius.



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