1. Introduction

The scope of the environmental assessment on the proposed Northshore Lantau Development comprises:

a. Preliminary Environmental Assessment on Northshore Lantau Development A Preliminary Environmental Assessment will be carried out on the two recommended RODPs. The assessment should be of sufficient details to confirm there is no insurmountable residual environmental impacts associated with the RODPs and the feasibility of the extent of reclamation. Results of the PEA will be presented through an Initial Assessment Report (IAR).

b. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Northshore Lantau Development Based on the RODPs, a detailed EA will be carried out to provide more detailed information on the nature and extent of environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the proposed Development and Infrastructures and all other activities taking place concurrently. The EA should focus on the key issues identified in the Preliminary EA and to identify development constraints and mitigation measures. The information shall contribute to decisions on the acceptability of residual impacts and cumulative impacts after the proposed mitigation measures are implemented.

c. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Lantau Port Expressway The purpose of this EIA study is to provide information on the nature and extent of environmental impacts arising from the construction and operation phases of the proposed Lantau Port Expressway. The consultant shall prepare the EIA report in accordance with this Study Brief and the requirements stipulated in the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (TM).

2. Preliminary Environmental Assessment on Northshore Lantau Development

On the basis of the RODPs, the Consultants shall undertake preliminary Environmental Assessment (PEA) to assess the environmental acceptability of the proposed reclamation and the appropriateness of the proposed scale of development in terms of the cumulative impacts on the environment and to determine the general environmental feasibility of the RODPs and to recommend feasible broad mitigation measures.

The Study shall focus on the issues which have a bearing on the acceptability of the RODPs, the cumulative impacts on the environment (including impacts arising from both the existing and proposed Development and the associated infrastructure) and the residual impacts after the implementation of feasible mitigation measures. The Study should also assess the appropriateness of the proposed scale of the development in terms of the cumulative impact on the environments.

(i) Noise Impact
The assessment should include the cumulative and off-site impacts due to traffic on major roads as the proposed Development and the associated infrastructure. The assessment should include the impacts of aircraft noise on the proposed Development with consideration of the NEF contour of the new airport as a constraint on the proposed housing development, in particular in Northshore Area. No noise sensitive development shall be placed within the NEF25. In the identification of environment constraints (e.g. Distance setback, buffer building etc.) for a particular development such constraints should be well defined and translate into workable clauses for subsequent implementation.

(ii) Air Quality
The assessment should address the cumulative impacts including air pollution problems caused by increased vehicle fleets and frequent road trips. It should also consider potential Industrial/Residential interface problems and investigate if there is any air quality impact on the Study Area due to nearby major polluting sources.

(iii)Water Quality Impact
The assessment should confirm the environmental feasibility of the extent and configuration of reclamation and ensure there is no insurmountable problems on the global water quality impact, in particular the tidal flow into Victoria Harbour. The assessment should also check the adequacy of the sewerage infrastructure and the impacts on the sewerage infrastructure caused by the proposed Developments.

(iv) Ecological Impacts
The proposed Development and the associated infrastructures should take into account the importance of terrestrial and aquatic ecological components for natural flora, fauna and habitats in Hong Kong for assessment of those in the Study Area. It is essential to observe the importance of protecting, rehabilitating and maintaining the natural environment. In particular, the proposed Development and the required infrastructures should avoid impacts on the existing and potential Country parks and Special Areas, Sites of Special Scientific Interest and other ecologically sensitive areas.

(v) Hazard
Board assessment should be made of the implications of the increase in population as a results of the proposed Developments and the required infrastructures and the required infrastructures and quantify the hazard due to the chorine delivery, storage and handling at the existing Siu Ho Wan Water Treatment Works, which is classified as Potentially Hazardous Installations (PHI).

3. Environmental Assessment on Northshore Lantau Development

Based on the RODPs, a detail EA will be carried out to provide more detailed information on the natural and extent of environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the proposed Development and Infrastructures and all other activities taking place concurrently.

3.1 Objectives

The objectives of the assessment are as follows:

(i) to identify and describe the elements of the community and environmental likely to be affected by the proposed Development and the required infrastructure, and/or likely to cause adverse impacts upon the proposed development, including both the natural and man-made environmental;

(ii) to identify and quantify emission sources and determine the significance of impacts on sensitive receivers and potential affected uses;

(iii) to identify and quantify any potential losses or damage to flora, fauna and natural habitats;

(iv) to propose the provision of infrastructure or mitigation measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during construction, operation of the development;

(v) to identify, predict and evaluate the residual (i.e. after practicable mitigation) environmental impacts and cumulative effects expected to arise during the construction, operation phases of the development in relation to the sensitive receivers and potential affected uses;

(vi) to identify, assess and specify methods, measures and standards, to be reflected on the RODPs and ROZPs where appropriate and to be included in the detailed design, construction, operation of the development which are necessary to mitigate these impacts and these impacts and reduce them to acceptable levels;

(vii) to investigate the extent of side-effects of proposed mitigation measures that may lead to other forms of impacts;

(viii) to identify constraints associated with the mitigation measures recommended in the study; and

(ix) to identify any additional studies necessary to fulfill the objectives to the requirements of this Environmental Impact Assessment Study.

3.2 Requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study

The consultants shall meet the objectives listed in section 3.1 above by:

(i) carrying out the necessary background studies to identify, collect and analyse existing information relevant to the EIA study;

(ii) carrying out any necessary environmental survey, site investigations and baseline monitoring work to achieve the objectives;

(iii) quantifying, by use of models or other predictive methods, the residual and cumulative environmental impacts (specifying whether these are transient, long term and/or irreversible) arising from the construction, operation of the development; and

(iv) proposing practicable, effective and enforceable methods, measures and standards to effectively mitigate any significant environmental impacts in the short and long term; and

In further defining the scope of the EA Study, consideration should be given to beneficial and adverse effects, short and long term effects, secondary and induced effects, cumulative effects, synergistic effects and transboundary effects.

3.3 Requirements of the Environmental Assessment Study

The Consultants shall consider all aspects of the activities arising from the proposed development and infrastructure in any stage/phase of implementation, and, observe the following guidelines in addition to the Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines as well as other statutory requirements during the EIA Study.

3.3.1 Sensitive Uses

Due consideration should be given to existing and committed future land-uses and sensitive receivers in the Study Area must be identified. Future land-uses should include those that will be occupied during the construction and operation phases of the proposed development and infrastructure. No noise sensitive uses should be proposed within the NEF 25 contour of Chek Lap Kok Airport.

3.3.2 Mitigation Measures

Effective mitigation measures should be proposed to reduce impacts to acceptable levels and to minimize the probability, occurrence and consequences of predicted impacts in terms of the layout and design of the development, the duration of pollution activities, construction methods and equipment, operational procedures and administrative controls.

3.3.3 Residual Impacts

Residual environmental impacts shall be identified and quantified and their acceptability should be determined against the Environmental Chapter of the "Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines" and other statutory requirements as stated in section 5 of this Study Brief.

If there are emissions of non-criterion pollutants with health implications, the Consultants should review relevant standards of other countries and international bodies, such as, World Health Organization (WHO), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), US National Research council (USNRC), and propose for EPD's agreement on the appropriate reference criteria.

3.3.4 Noise Impact

The noise assessment shall address the following:

(i) background information and existing noise levels;

(ii) identification of representative sensitive receivers, and/or, potentially affected uses both on-site and off-site;

(iii) provision of an emission inventory of the noise sources;

(iv) analysis of construction activities and noise levels generated;

(v) analysis of operational activities;

(vi) presentation of predicted future noise levels; and

(vii) evaluation of impact and proposals for noise control or mitigation to minimize impacts to an acceptable level;

(viii) In case of environmental constraints (e.g. Distance setback, buffer buildings etc.) Required for particular developments, such constraints should be well defined and translated into workable clauses for subsequent implementation.

3.3.5 Air Quality Impact

The air quality impact assessment shall address the following:

(i) existing and background air quality in the study area for the purpose of evaluating the cumulative air quality impacts of the proposed development and infrastructure;

(ii) identification of representative sensitive receptors and/or potential affected uses;

(iii) provision of an emission inventory of the air pollution sources;

(iv) analysis of construction activities and related adverse air quality impact;

(v) analysis of operational activities (after commissioning), its related air quality impact and characterization;

(vi) assessment and evaluation of the net and cumulative air quality impacts of the air emissions identified in iii) at the receptors identified in ii);

(vii) presentation of the predicted residual air quality impacts in the form of pollution contours, whenever practicable, for the examination of the land use implications of these impacts; and

(viii) proposals of effective mitigation measures to reduce the cumulative air pollution impacts to acceptable levels.

3.3.6 Water Quality Impact (Marine, fresh and ground water)

All physical, chemical and biological disruptions of marine, estuarine, fresh water or ground water system(s) arising during the construction, operation of the project shall be identified and analysed in the impact assessment. Essentially the assessment shall address the following:

General

(i) Collection and review of background information on the existing water system(s) and the respective catchment(s).

(ii) Characterization of water and sediment quality based on existing information or site surveys/tests as appropriate.

(iii) Identification and analysis of all existing and planned future activities and beneficial uses related to the water systems(s) and identification of all water sensitive receivers.

(iv) Identification of pertinent water quality objectives and establishment of other appropriate water quality and sediment criteria or standards for the water system(s) and all the sensitive receivers.

(v) Identification of any alteration of water courses, natural streams/ponds, wetland, change of shoreline or bathometry, change of flow regimes, change of ground water levels, change of catchment types or areas.

(vi) Identification, analysis and quantification of all existing and likely future water and sediment pollution sources, including point discharges and non-point sources to surface water runoff. Field investigation and laboratory tests shall be conducted as appropriate.

Establishment and provision of an emission inventory on the quantities and characteristics of all these pollution sources.

Impacts Prediction

(vii) Prediction and quantification by mathematical modelling or other technique approved by EPD, of the impacts on the waters system(s) and the sensitive receivers due to those alterations and changes identified in (v) and the pollution sources identified in (vi). Possible impacts include changes in hydrology, flow regime, sediment erosion or deposition, water and sediment quality and the effects on the aquatic organism due to such changes. The prediction shall take into account and include likely different construction stages or sequences, different operation (and decommissioning) stages. Cumulative impacts due to other projects, activities or pollution sources within a boundary around the Study Area to be agreed by EPD shall also be predicted and quantified.

Waste Water and Non-point Sources Pollution

(viii) Analysis on the adequacy of existing and planned future sewerage infrastructure to receive discharges of waste water identified in (vi).

(ix) Analysis on the provision and adequacy of existing and planned future facilities to reduce pollution arising from the non-point sources identified in (vi).

Dredging, Filling and Dumping

(x) Identification and quantification of all dredging, fill extraction, filling, reclamation, sediment/mud transportation and disposal activities and requirements. Potential fill source and dumping ground to be involved shall also be identified. Field investigation, sampling and laboratory tests to characterise the sediment/mud concerned shall be conducted as appropriate. The ranges of parameters to be analysed; the number, type and methods of sampling/sample preservation/laboratory tests; and the laboratory to be used shall be subject to the approval of EPD. Particular attention shall be given to the requirement of WBTC No.22/92 on "Marine Disposal of Dredged Material".

Prediction, quantification and assessment of impacts on the physical regime, water and sediment quality of the water system(s) and the sensitive receivers due to the activities identified above. The prediction and quantification of impacts caused by, amongst others, sediment re-suspension and contaminants release shall be carried out by mathematical modelling or other techniques approved by EPD.

Identification and evaluation of the best practicable dredging and reclamation methods to minimise dredging and dumping requirements and demand for fill sources based on the criterion that existing marine mud shall be left in place and not be disturbed as far as possible.

Cumulative impacts due to other dredging, filling or dumping activities within a boundary around the Study Area to be agreed by EPD shall also be predicted and quantified.

Mitigation

(xi) Proposal of effective infrastructure upgrading or provision, water pollution prevention and mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction, operation stages so as reduce the water and sediment quality impacts to within acceptable levels of standards. Requirements to be incorporated in the project contract document shall also be proposed.

Best management practices to reduce storm water and non-point source pollution shall be investigated and proposed as appropriate. Attention shall be made to the water quality control and mitigation measures recommended in the ProPECC paper on construction site drainage.

(xii) Evaluation and quantification of residual impacts on the water system(s) and the sensitive receivers with regard to the appropriate water and sediment quality criteria, standards or guidelines.

Water Quality Modelling requirements

Modelling software general

(i) The modelling software shall be fully 3-dimensional capable of accurately simulating the stratified condition and salinity transport within the model area.

(ii) The modelling software shall consists of hydrodynamic, water quality and particle dispersion modules. The hydrodynamic and water quality modules shall have proven and successful applications locally and overseas.

(iii) The hydrodynamic and water quality modules shall be strictly mass conserved at all levels.

Model details

(iv) No field data collection is required for model calibration for this study. However, the models shall be properly calibrated and validated in the Pearl River Estuary, North Western Waters and North Western Victoria Harbour with field data collected by:

- Hydraulic and Water Quality Studies in Victoria Harbour (1987)
- Port and Airport Development Strategy - Enhancement of WAHMO Mathematical Models (1990)
- Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme Stage II - Oceanic Outfall, Oceanographic Surveys and Modelling (1992)
- EPD's routine monitoring data
- Tidal data from HK Observatory, Macau and relevant Mainland Authorities.

(v) Tidal data shall be calibrated in both frequency and time domain manner.

(vi) For the purpose of calibration, the model shall run for not less than 15 days of real sequence of tide in both dry and wet seasons with due consideration of the time required to establish initial conditions.

(vii) In general the hydrodynamic models shall be calibrated to the following criteria:

Criteria	Level of fitness with field data
- tidal elevation (rms)	< 8%
- maxi. phase error at HW and LW	< 20 minutes
- maxi. current speed deviation	< 25%
- maximum phase error at peak speed	< 20 minutes
- maximum direction error at peak speed	< 15 degrees
- maximum salinity deviation	< 2.5 ppt

(viii). The water quality results shall be qualitatively explainable and any identifiable trend and variations in water quality shall be reproduced by the model. The water quality model shall simulate and take account of the interaction of dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton, organic and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, silicate, BOD, temperature, suspended solids, air-water exchange and benthic processes. It shall also simulate salinity and E. coli. Salinity results simulated by hydrodynamic models and water quality models shall be consistent.

(ix) The models shall cover the whole of Pearl River Estuary covering all major tributaries, Macau, Lema Channel and Mirs Bay to the west to incorporate all major influences on hydrodynamic and water quality.

(x) Model grid around the Ma Wan Channel, Kap Shui Mun and Rambler Channel shall be less than 75 m. In general, grid size at the area affected by the project shall be less than 400 m in open waters and less than 75 m around sensitive receivers. The grid schematisation shall be agreed with EPD. All models shall either be dynamically linked to a far field model or form part of a larger model by gradual grid refinement.

Modelling assessment

(xi) Scenarios to be assessed shall cover all phases of development being considered. Corresponding pollution load, bathometry and coastline shall be adopted in the model set up.

(xii) Assess for compliance of Water Quality Objectives. Hydrodynamic and water quality models shall be run for 15 days (excluding model spin up) of real sequence of tide.

(xiii) Assess the impact on all sensitive receivers including the application of bacterial dispersion module.

(xiv) All modelling results and display software shall be installed on the government's computers.

3.3.7 Ecological Impact (Both aquatic and terrestrial)

The proposed development shall take into account the importance of ecological components, including the natural habitats and the associated flora and fauna. It is essential to protect and preserve rare or fragile ecosystems as well as the habitats of depleted, threatened, or endangered species and other marine life, and to maintain the environmental conditions and ecological processes that sustain the survival and establishment of these organisms. The proposed development and infrastructure should avoid Sites of Special Scientific Interests and/or other ecological sensitive areas, including locations in the vicinity of such sites and areas. The assessment shall include the following:

(i) revision and collation of existing literature and information, and if necessary implementation of appropriate field surveys to provide sufficient and accurate data for an up-to-date ecological baseline profile of the site, having regard to seasonal variation. The profile shall include but not necessarily be limited to:

- flora, fauna, and habitats present in the site;
- species living or using the site that is protected under local legislation, listed in red books or international conventions for conservation, rare or considered having special conversation interest, the Indo-Pacific Hump-backed dolphin, Sousa chinensis, also known as White Dolphin, shall be regarded as one such species;
- nesting, breading or nursery grounds of such species identified above.

(ii) identification and prediction as far as possible of any direct/indirect and on-site/off-site impacts, in particular impacts associated with dredging and dumping activities, that may lead to destruction or displacement of, or interference with flora and fauna;

(iii) identification of all ecological sensitive receivers including sensitive elements of marine, subtidal, and intertidal communities/habitats which would be potentially affected directly or indirectly (such as sediment plumes generated by dredging or dumping works) by the proposed project;

(iv) evaluation of the impacts, in quantitative terms as far as possible, including cumulative impacts,

(v) recommendation of practicable alternatives or mitigation measures to minimise adverse ecological impacts; including:

(a) design and construction measures, and
(b) study of seawall design to re-create the coastline in a more natural way, such as gentle slopes with loose boulders and "riprap" armouring.

(vi) evaluation, in quantitative terms as far as possible of any residual impact; and

(vii) recommendation, if necessary, on further works including environmental monitoring and audit to confirm the impacts or the applicability of the mitigation measures proposed

3.3.8 Fisheries Impact

The study area of fisheries impact shall include the works site and its adjacent area of probable impact. The fisheries impact study shall review and collate existing information and conduct field surveys, if necessary, to provide adequate and accurate data for accurate prediction and evaluation of fisheries impacts of the proposed project. The study shall include the following tasks:

(i) description of the physical environmental background;

(ii) description and quantification as far as possible of the existing fisheries activities (e.g. capture fisheries, aquaculture, shellfish farming/collection, etc);

(iii)description and quantification as far as possible of the existing fisheries resources (e.g. composition of commercially important species, abundance of fish stocks);

(iv) identification of parameters (e.g. water quality parameters) and areas (e.g. nursery and spawning grounds, corals) that are important to fisheries;

(v) identification and quantification as far as possible of any direct/indirect and on-site/off site impacts to fisheries (e.g. deterioration of fishing grounds/fish culture zones, loss of nursery and spawning grounds, reduction of catch/productivity);

(vi) evaluation of impacts and make proposals for any practicable alternatives or mitigation measures to prevent/minimize adverse impacts on fisheries; and

(vii) review the need and make appropriate recommendation for a fisheries monitoring and audit programme.

3.3.9 Solid Waste Pollution

Solid waste assessment shall focus on:

(i) identification of the sources of solid waste with details of the waste generation, waste characterization and waste separation;

(ii) investigation on any secondary impacts such as, odour, gas emission, noxious leachate;

(iii) evaluation of the proposed waste management strategy, and, waste handling, treatment and disposal methods; and

(iv) incorporation of waste reduction/reuse/recycling by any practical means.

3.3.10 Construction and Demolition Waste Impact Study

(i) Analysis of Construction Activities & Waste Generation
Identify the quantity, quality and timing of waste arisings (including dredged marine mud, both contaminated and uncontaminated, and bentonite slurry, if any) and surplus excavated materials (including those with high clay/Water content) as a result of the construction and demolition activities.

(ii) Proposal for Waste Handling and Disposal Methodology
Recommend appropriate waste handling and disposal measures/routings (including final disposal sites) in accordance with the current legislative and administrative requirements for the disposal of construction waste; including the reuse, recycle and/or reduction of construction waste, for inclusion into contract documents.

Construction and Demolition Material should be sorted as far as practicable to mainly two portions: the 'public fill' (including soil, rock, concrete, brick, cement plaster/mortar, inert building debris, aggregates and asphalt) and the 'construction and demolition waste' (including timber, paper, glass, junk, general garbage and other organic). The public fill complying with conditions as set out in public dumping licence should be disposed of at public filling area. Construction and demolition waste containing no more than 20% by volume of public fill content can be disposed of at landfill.

The handling and disposal of bentonite slurries should follow the requirements as set out in the Practice Note For Professional Persons ProPECC PN 1/94 - Construction Site Drainage.

The Consultants shall assess the disposal of all construction wastes in accordance with these arrangements and consult the Waste Disposal Authority on the final disposal of these wastes.

3.3.11 Risk Assessment

The objectives of the risk assessment shall include the following:

(i) identification of development constraints imposed by Potentially Hazardous Installations (PHIs) and related activities;

(ii) Identification of all hazards to the population of proposed development;

(iii) execution of a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA), quantifying risks to the population in both individual and societal items;

(iv) determine land use compatibility with Hong Kong Risk Guidelines; and

(v) identification of the risk management strategies required to render the risks acceptable.

Chapter 11 Section 4 of the Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines provides a detailed description of the Government's policy on the risk management of PHIs. The methodology of risk assessment, risk/hazard ranking system shall be agreed and approved prior to commencement of the detailed studies.

3.12 Historical, Archaeological and Cultural heritage Impact

The historical, archaeological and cultural heritage impact study should take into account the importance of cultural heritage in Hong Kong and address the potential impacts to the historical, archaeological and cultural resources within the study area.

The examination of the study area should also allow a more general appraisal of archaeology, architectural history and historic landscapes of the areas that the development will take place. The Northshore Lantau Development should modified and, if necessary, supplemented to accommodate off-site areas of spoil disposal, construction sites and traffic routes which could affect archaeological, historic and cultural resources as these are identified during the evolution of the engineering design.

The historical, archaeological and cultural heritage impact assessment should focus on:

(i) Investigation of archaeological potential of the study area by:

a. Developing a field evaluation programme to identify areas to be investigated.

b. Producing field evaluation protocols to determine the sampling technique, the sample rationale to be applied and the site record forms to be used, the evaluation protocols should be compatible with the data capture requirements of the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO).

c. Undertaking field evaluations.

(ii) Identification of historical buildings and structures which will be affected by the remaining development within the study area.

a. Historic buildings and structures include a variety of forms with a wide range of different functions like domestic, working and cultural uses; places of worship, houses, agricultural buildings, boundary and milestones, industrial buildings and workshops.

b. Landscape features include sites of historical events, historic field patterns, tracks and fish ponds and cultural element such as fung shui woodlands and clan grave sites.

(iii) Evaluation of impacts on culture heritage and proposals for any mitigation measures with detailed elaboration on scope of work and financial implications.

a. Heritage resources within the Study Areas should be identified through reference to appropriate records, such as the archives of the AMO, and through consultations with relevant village representatives, appropriate academic sources and other Government sources, including the Lands Department, District Offices, etc.

b. If the consultants identifies any additional buildings and structures within the study area which are of potential historic or cultural importance and not recorded by AMO, the office should be reported as soon as possible. The historic and cultural value of the items will be further assessed by the AMO.

c. The criteria to be adopted to assess the level of direct and indirect impacts to the heritage resources and to develop appropriate mitigation measures, should be established in close liaison with the relevant specialists within the EIA Study Team and should be agreed by the AMO prior to application.

3.3.13 Land contamination

In the case of land contamination, treatment may be required for contaminated soil or mud, restoration of landscape and the abatement of all damages, prior to the land/seabed being handed over to Government; the assessment shall address the following:

(i) provision of clear account on the past land history including accident records, as far as possible, and the represent uses of the land;

(ii) contamination characterization to identify the quality, quantity and the extent of the contaminated site (surface area, soil depth, ground/sea water movements);

(iii) evaluation of impacts and selection of the appropriate cleanup technologies; and

(iv) submission of site cleanup management plan to seek approval from the Director of Environmental Protection in order to restore the site.

4. Environmental Impact Assessment on Lantau Port Expressway

4.1 Introduction

The purpose of this EIA Study is to provide information on the nature and extent of environmental impacts arising from the construction, operation of the proposed project and all related activities taking place concurrently. This information will contribute to decisions on whether:

(i) any environmental impacts that are likely to arise as a result of the proposed project are within the established standards/guidelines;

(ii) there are any conditions and requirements for the detailed design, construction, operation, of the proposed project; and

(iii) residual impacts are within the established standards/guidelines after the proposed mitigation measures are implemented.

No approval shall be given to the proposed project unless it can be demonstrated (if possible) that no adverse environmental impacts will result from its implementation. Any statutory gazetting activity related to the proposed project shall be carried out after the satisfactory completion of the EIA Study and its subsequent public consultations. The EIA study shall include any restoration work and any temporary and permanent activities to take place.

4.2 Study Area

In general, the boundary of the "study area" for the purpose of this EIA shall be of 300m from either side and along the full stretch of the proposed road alignment, except that, for landscape impact and air pollution assessment, the study area shall generally be defined by a distance of 500m from the proposed road alignment. However, all sensitive receivers regarding the visual impact assessment shall be assessed regardless of the distance from the proposed road alignment.

With respect to noise impact assessment, the study area may be reduced accordingly if the first layer of noise sensitive receivers, closer than 300m from the road, provide acoustic shielding to those receivers at further distance behind.

All the figures of distance mentioned above shall be measured at the edge of kerb or hard shoulder whichever is applicable.

4.3 Objectives of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study

The objectives of the assessment are as follows:

(i) to describe the proposed project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed project;

(ii) to identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the proposed project, and/or likely to cause adverse impacts upon the proposed project, including both the natural and man-made environment;

(iii) to identify and quantify emission sources and determine the severity of impacts on sensitive receivers and potential affected uses;

(iv) to identify and quantify any potential losses or damage to flora, fauna and natural habitats;

(v) to identify existing landscape & visual quality in the "study area" for the purpose of evaluating the landscape & visual impact of the proposed project.

(vi) to propose the provision of infrastructure or mitigation measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during construction, operation of the proposed project;

(vii) to identify, predict and evaluate the residual (i.e. after practicable mitigation) environmental impacts and cumulative effects expected to arise during the construction, operation phases of the proposed project in relation to the sensitive receivers and potential affected uses;

(viii) to identify, assess and specify methods, measures and standards, to be included in the detailed design, construction, operation of the proposed project which are necessary to mitigation these impacts and reduce them to established levels;

(ix) to design and specify the environmental monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the environmental protection and pollution control measures adopted;

(x) to investigate the extent of side-effects of proposed mitigation measures particularly construction impacts of mitigation measures that may lead to other forms of impacts;

(xi) to identify constraints associated with the mitigation measures recommended in the study; and

(xii) to identify any additional studies necessary to fulfill the objectives to the requirements of this Environmental Impact Assessment Study.

4.4 Requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study

The Consultants shall meet the objectives listed in section 4.3 above by:

(i) carrying out the necessary background studies to identify, collect and analyse existing information relevant to the EIA study;

(ii) carrying out any necessary environmental survey, site investigations and baseline monitoring work to achieve the objectives;

(iii) quantifying, by use of models or other predictive methods, the residual and cumulative environmental impacts (specifying whether these are transient, long term and/or irreversible) arising from the construction, operation of the proposed project;

(iv) proposing practicable, effective and enforceable methods, measures and standards to effectively mitigate any significant environmental impacts in the short and long term; and

(v) outlining a programme by which the environmental impacts of the proposed project can be assessed, monitored and audited.

In further defining the scope of the EIA Study, consideration should be given to beneficial and adverse effects, short and long term effects, secondary and induced effects, cumulative effects, synergistic effects and transboundary effects.

4.5 Technical Requirements of the Environmental Assessment Study

The Consultants shall consider all aspects of the activities arising from the construction and operation of the project in any stage/phase of implementation and, observe the following guidelines in addition to those criteria stipulated in the TM and other statutory requirements during the EIA study:-

4.5.1 Construction Phase Assessment

4.5.1.1 Noise Impact Study

Task 1: Identification of Representative Sensitive Receivers
Based on the existing and future planned land-uses in the "study area", the Consultants shall prepare schedules and plans to identify both existing and planned noise sensitive receivers to be potentially affected by the proposed project. The potentially affected land-use shall include those described in the Environment Chapter of the Hong Kong Planning Standards & Guidelines (HKPSG). The existing noise levels shall be established for the "study area" and presented on maps of suitable scale. The locations of the representative noise sensitive receivers (NSRs) for noise assessment and the map showing existing noise levels shall be clearly justified, documented and agreed with the Director of Environmental Protection (DEP).

Task 2: Analysis of Construction Activities
From a knowledge of the likely type, sequence and duration of construction activities required for the implementation of the proposed project, the Consultants shall identify those activities likely to have an impact on the NSRs. An emission inventory of the noise sources shall also be provided.

The number of dwellings, classrooms and other noise sensitive elements and the corresponding number of population affected at various stages of the construction phase of the proposed project shall be quantified.

Task 3: Assessment of Construction Noise Levels
The Consultants shall identify the interactions between the NSRs and the construction activities at every stage of the proposed project and determine the extent of potential construction noise impacts including assessment of construction impacts for putting the mitigation measures in place. The assessment shall follow the requirements contained in all the Ordinances & their Regulations governing the control of construction noise currently in force in Hong Kong and the guidelines as advised by DEP. The map showing the worst scenario noise levels shall be produced based on the analysis and assessment of the construction activities identified.

Task 4: Proposals for Noise Control Measures
The Consultants shall formulate appropriate noise control measures for the inclusion into the contract documents. Based on the recommended noise control measures, predicted resulting noise levels shall be presented at the NSRs. Where appropriate, details of compliance monitoring shall be proposed.

The noise assessment shall follow the Guidelines for Noise Assessment as stated in Annex 13 of the TM and the Criteria as stated in Annex 5 of the TM as appropriate.

4.5.1.2 Air Pollution Impact Study

Task 1: Identification of representative Receptors
From a consideration of existing and future land use in the Study Area, prepare plans identifying representative receptors in the vicinity of the proposed project. The locations of the representative receptors shall be agreed with the DEP.

Task 2: Presentation of Background Air Pollution Levels
Background dust pollution levels in the Study Area shall be established for assessment of cumulative dust pollution impacts of the proposed project.

Task 3: Analysis of Construction Activities
From a knowledge of the likely type, sequence and duration of construction activities required for the proposed project implementation, the Consultants shall identify those construction activities likely to cause potential dust problems to the receptors.

Task 4: Air Pollution Impact Assessment
The Consultants shall assess the net and cumulative dust pollution impact of the proposed project to receptors by dispersion modelling. Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) is usually preferred.

Task 5: Proposal for Air Pollution Control Measures
The Consultants shall recommend appropriate dust pollution control measures, accompanied with the predictions of the residual dust pollution impacts, to reduce the cumulative dust pollution impacts to established levels and for the inclusion in the contract documents. Where appropriate, compliance monitoring will be proposed.

The air quality impac6t assessment shall follow the Guidelines for Air Quality Assessment as stated in Annex 12 of the TM and follow the criteria as stated in Annex 4 of the TM as appropriate.

4.5.1.3 Water Quality Impact Study

Task 1: Identification of Sensitive Receivers
The Consultants shall identify the water bodies, watercourses, streams, groundwater systems and any other sensitive receivers which will be affected by the proposed project together with their beneficial uses and their existing water quality.

Task 2: Analysis of Construction Activities
From a knowledge of the likely type, sequence and duration of the construction activities required for the proposed project, the consultants shall identify those activities likely to have an impact on the identified water bodies, watercourses, streams, ground water systems and any other sensitive receivers. Such activities will include reclamation, dredging and excavation, or any activity which may involve alternations to watercourses, streams, ponds, wetlands and shorelines or induce any change to flow regimes, ground water levels and catchment areas.

Task 3: Assessment of Water Pollution Problems
The Consultants shall assess and evaluate the potential adverse effects of construction of the proposed project on the identified water bodies, watercourses, streams, ground water systems and any other sensitive receivers. The impacts on the surrounding environment/water shall be quantitatively assessed taking into account the cumulative effects of all construction activities including those of the adjacent proposed projects. Any water quality modelling needs to be agreed with the Modelling Section of Environmental Protection Department (EPD).

The Consultants shall assess and evaluate any potential water quality impacts on the identified water bodies, watercourses, streams, ground water systems and any other sensitive receivers due to sewage effluent arising from on-site construction workforce. Any effluent generated shall require appropriate treatment and disposal. All sewage discharges from the study area have to meet TM Standards.

The Consultants shall identify, assess and evaluate any potential stormwater runoff impacts and impacts and investigate the opportunity of implementing stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs), such as detention facilities, oil/grit separator, sediment trap, vegetative channel….etc., for minimizing stormwater runoff pollution.

The water quality assessment shall meet the Criteria for Evaluating Water Pollution stipulated in Annex 6 of the TM and follow the Guidelines for Assessment of Water Pollution outlined in Annex 14 of the TM as appropriate.

Task 4: Proposal for Water Pollution Control Measures
The Consultants shall recommend water pollution control measures/BMPs with regard to the beneficial uses of the water bodies, watercourses, streams, ground water systems and any other sensitive receivers and water quality of all runoff from the study area will not lead to exceedance of the WQOs of the receiving water bodies.

4.5.1.4 Construction Waste Impact Study
Same requirements as 3.3.10. The construction waste impact assessment shall follow the Guidelines for Assessment of Waste Management Implication as stated in Annex 15 of the TM and the criteria as stated in Annex 7 of the TM as appropriate.

4.5.1.5 Ecological Impact (terrestrial)
Same requirements as 3.3.7. The ecological impact assessment shall follow the Guidelines for Ecological Assessment as stated in Annex 16 of the TM and follow the criteria as stated in Annex 8 of the TM as appropriate.

4.5.2. Operational Phase Assessment

4.5.2.1 Traffic Noise Impact Study

Task 1: Identification of Representative Sensitive Receivers
Same requirements as Section 4.5.1.1, Task 1.

Task 2: Calculation of Future Noise Levels
The Consultants shall produce an emission inventory of the noise sources, obtain confirmation on their validity, assess their noise impacts and present the predicted future noise levels on the NSRs.

The Consultants shall analyse the scope of the proposed project to identify appropriate new and existing road sections for the purposes of traffic noise impact assessment. When an existing road section undergoes major modification which will directly result in 25% increase in lanes or substantial changes in alignment or characters (e.g. change into high speed road) of the existing road, it shall be regarded as a new road for the purpose of this noise impact assessment.

The Consultants shall calculate the expected road traffic noise using methods described in the U.K. Department of Transport's "Calculation of Road Traffic Noise" (1988) (CRTN) published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Calculations for future road traffic noise shall be based on the peak hour traffic flow in respect of the maximum traffic projection within a 15 years period upon commencement of operation of the proposed roadwork. The volume of traffic, speed and percentage of heavy vehicles used in the calculation shall be justified through studies found satisfactory to the Commissioner for Transport. The Consultants shall calculate the traffic noise levels in respect of each road section and overall noise levels from the combined road sections (both new and existing) at the NSRs.

Task 3: Presentation of Existing Noise Level
The Consultants shall present the existing and future traffic noise levels in L10 (1 hour) at the NSRs at various representative floor levels (in m P.D.) on tables and plans of suitable scale.

Quantitative assessment at the NSRs for proposed road alignment shall be carried out and compared against the criteria set out in the HKPSG. The potential noise impact of proposed road alignment shall be quantified by estimating the total number of dwellings, classrooms and other noise sensitive elements that will be exposed to noise above the HKPSG criteria.

Task 4: Proposals for Noise Mitigation Measures
After rounding off the predicted noise levels according to CRTN, the Consultants shall propose direct technical remedies in all situations where the predicted traffic noise level exceeds the HKPSG maxima by 1 dB(A) or more. Specific reasons for not adopting certain direct technical remedies in the design to reduce the traffic noise to a level meeting the HKPSG criteria or to maximize the protection for the NSRs as far as possible should be clearly laid down. The total number or dwellings, classrooms and other noise sensitive elements that will still be exposed to noise above the HKPSG criteria with the implementation of all recommended direct technical remedies shall be quantified.

In case where a number of the NSRs cannot all be protected by the recommended direct technical remedies, the Consultants shall identify and estimate the total number of existing dwellings, classrooms and other noise sensitive elements which may qualify for indirect technical remedies under the ExCo directive "Equitable Redress for Persons Exposed to Increased Noise Resulting from the Use of New Roads", the associated costs and any implications for such implementation. For the purpose of determining the eligibility of the affected premises other than institutional buildings for indirect technical remedies, reference shall be made to the set of following three criteria:

(i) the predicted overall noise level from the new road together with other traffic in the vicinity must be above 70 dB(A) L10(1 hour);

(ii) the predicted overall noise level is at least 1.0 dB(A) more than the prevailing noise level, i.e. the total traffic noise level existing before the works to construct or improve the road were begun; and

(iii) the contribution to the increase in the overall noise level from the new road must be at least 1.0 dB(A).

Task 5: Assessment of Side Effects and Constraints
The Consultants shall identify, assess and proposed means to minimize any side effects and to resolve any potential constraints due to the inclusion of the recommended direct technical remedies. For instance, when decking over of roadways is identified to be necessary, the air quality and the increase in noise levels below the deck and at the portals shall be addressed.

For planned developments which will still be affected even with all practicable direct technical remedies in place, the Consultants shall evaluate and confirm the practicality of additional measures. The agreed environmental requirements/constraints identified by the EIA study will be taken into account when assessing the development potential of the concerned sites and will be made known to the relevant parties make recommendations on how these developments will be designed for the information of relevant parties.

The noise assessment shall follow the Guidelines for Noise Assessment as stated in Annex 13 of the TM and the Criteria as stated in Annex 5 of the TM as appropriate.

4.5.2.2 Air Pollution Impact Study

Task 1: Identification of Representative Receptors
From a consideration of existing and planned land use in the study area, prepare plans identifying receptors that will likely be affected by emissions from the proposed project. The locations shall be agreed with the DEP.

Task 2: Presentation of Background Air Pollution Levels
Background air pollution levels at the Study Area shall be established for assessment of cumulative air impacts and used in Task 3.

Task 3: Air Pollution Impact Assessment
The Consultants shall assess the net and cumulative air pollution impact of the proposed project to receptors by dispersion modelling. The Consultants shall provide detailed methodology statement and key assumptions of the selected model such as emission factors and other input parameters etc. to DEP for comment and consent before commencement of the Study.

The report shall contain sample calculation and input parameters used in the modelling.

Air pollution isopleths shall be produced as an output of the study.

The Consultants shall also assess the air quality implications of any proposed noise mitigation measures. If noise mitigation measures such as noise canopy, which will affect dispersion of air pollutants are proposed to mitigate noise impact due to traffic flow, then the Consultants shall also assess the implications of such mitigation measures on air quality impact. If noise canopy in the form of total enclosure is proposed, then both 'tunnel' portal emissions and air quality inside the 'tunnel' shall also be addressed.

Task 4: Proposal of Mitigation Measures
The Consultants shall proposed effective mitigation measures, accompanied with the prediction of the residual air pollution impacts, to reduce the cumulative air pollution impacts to established levels.

The air quality impact assessment shall follow the Guidelines for Air Quality Assessment as stated in Annex 12 of the TM and follow the Criteria in Annex 4 of the TM as appropriate.

4.5.2.3 Visual, Landscape and Townscape Impacts

Task 1: Assessment of Visual Impacts
The Consultants shall assess the visual impacts of the proposed project. The assessment shall include but not be restricted to the following:

(i) identification and plotting of visibility contours of the road within the study area as defined in section 2;

(ii) identification of the key groups of sensitive receivers within the visibility contours with regard to views from both street level and high-rise developments/elevated vangate points; and

(iii) the severity of visual impacts in terms of distance, number of sensitive receivers etc. will be identified.

Task 2: Assessment of the Impact on Landscape
The Consultants shall assess the impact of the proposed project on the landscape. This stage of the assessment will analyse the existing landscape character of the study area and identify the degree of compatibility of the road with its environs.

Task 3: Proposals for Mitigation Measures
The Consultants shall recommend mitigation measures to minimize the adverse effects identified in Tasks 1 and 2 above, with the inclusion of an landscape and townscape design. The mitigation measures shall also include, but not be restricted to the retention of vegetation, provision of screen planting, revegetation of disturbed land, reprovisioning of amenity areas and open spaces, design of structures and provision of finishes to structures, and any measures to mitigate the disturbance of the existing agricultural and horticultural landuse. The advice from the Advisory Committee on the Appearance of Bridges and Associated Structures (ACABAS) shall also be taken into account. Presentation of photo montage of the proposed road in the existing urban setting illustrating the effectiveness of visual impact mitigation measures shall be included.

The Visual impact assessment shall follow the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment as stated in Annex 18 of the TM and follow the Criteria outlined in Annex 10 as appropriate.

4.5.2.4 Water Quality Impact Study

Task 1: Identification of Sensitive Receivers
Same requirements as Section 4.5.1.3, Task1.

Task 2: Assessment of Water Pollution Impact
The Consultants shall assess and evaluate any possible adverse effects on the water quality of the water bodies, watercourses, streams, ground water systems and any other sensitive receivers as a result of the operational phase of the proposed highway system. The evaluation shall consider, but not be limited to, quantification of pollution loads, impacts due to any alteration of flow regimes, interception of flow, stormwater runoff, wastewater, spillage due to accidents and investigation of location of existing and proposed public stormwater drains and sewers which will be affected by the proposed project. Any necessary drainage and sewerage diversions shall be agreed with Drainage Services Department.

The water quality assessment shall meet the Criteria for Evaluating Water Pollution stipulated in Annex 6 of the TM and follow the Guidelines for Assessment of Water Pollution outlined in Annex 14 of the TM as appropriate.

Task 3: Proposals for Mitigation Measures
The Consultants shall recommend mitigation measures/BMPs to minimize any potential adverse water quality effect identified and to ensure that any wastewater and runoff from the proposed highway system will not lead to exceedance of the WQOs of the receiving water bodies.

4.3.5 Environmental Monitoring & Audit [EM&A] Requirements

The EM&A requirements shall follows the approach stipulated in Annex 21 of the TM appropriate.

5. Use of EIA models/Survey Techniques/Analytical Methods

The use of models, survey protocols and analytical methods (includes laboratory techniques) proposed in the Inception Report shall be agreed and approved by the DEP prior to commencing with detailed studies. This shall include the following:

(i) elaboration of background assumptions;

(ii) confirmation with data validation;

(iii) calibration of model;

(iv) prescription of tool application (such as, questionnaire, numerical/stochastic algorithm); and

(v) presentation of scenario projection and interpretation of results.

6. Impacts Summary

It is important to present the findings in simple terms to sum up all environmental impacts and select the appropriate alternative for the proposed project. An Impact Summary shall be prepared for the EA on the Northshore Lantau Development and EIA on Lantau Port Expressway. The study shall address the following:-

(i) elaboration of alternatives, including where appropriate the 'do nothing' scenario (i.e. without the proposed project);

(ii) discussion of the extent of impacts and the proposed ranking system;

(iii) presentation of the recommendations on overall adequacy of mitigation measures;

(iv) justification of the proposed methodology to be adopted for an impacts summary and be agreed with the DEP;

(v) application of impacts summary; and

(vi) summary of breakdown costs of recommended mitigation measures.

8. Compliance with Environmental Law

8.1 An EA/EIA Study is a tool to identify potential environmental impacts arising from the proposed project and to provide a basis for decisions for the implementation of the proposed project, but it does not automatically exempt the proposal from licensing requirements and the approvals from relevant authorities.

8.2 The Consultants shall comply with and observe all Ordinances, bye-laws, regulations and rules for the time being in force in Hong Kong governing the control of any form of pollution for environmental protection.

9. Liaison and Administration

9.1 The Consultants shall liaise with relevant Government departments and agencies, and all other parties involved in this and any other projects or developments likely to be affected by this development. Any correspondence, notes or minutes arising from this liaison shall be copied to the DEP.

9.2 The PEA and the EIA Study will be managed by a Study Management Group (SMG) chaired by a representative of the DEP. This shall be the forum for liaison with Government departments and agencies, providing guidance to the study Consultants, and for comment and review on the work and outputs of the study. The consultants shall assist in the preparation of meeting minutes.

9.3 The Consultants shall make himself/herself available to be present in Advisory Council on the Environment (ACE), EIA sub-committee and its full council, District Board(s) (DB) and/or any public consultation meeting(s) (if necessary) to brief members.

10. Report Requirements

10.1 The assessment shall consist of at least the following:

(i) an Inception Report shall be prepared and submitted, within 4 weeks of the Study commencing, by the Consultants. The Inception Report shall cover the EA on the Northshore Lantau Development and the EIA on the Lantau Port Expressway and it should include the following:

(a) the Consultant's understanding and appreciation of the objectives of the Study;

(b) the approach and methodology for the various parts of the Study;

(c) a work programme, with major work tasks and key decision points identified and briefly described;

(d) a schedule detailing the submission of reports and Study Management Group meetings (where necessary); and

(e) organisation and staffing of the environmental study team and the curricula vitae of the key study team members;

(ii) an Initial Assessment Report

(a) evaluation of various development options with a view to identify an environmentally preferred plan. The report should be of sufficient details to confirm there is no insurmountable residual environmental impacts associated with the preliminary ODPs and the feasibility of the extent and configuration of reclamation.

(b) provides an initial assessment and evaluation of the environmental impacts and cumulative effects arising from the proposed project sufficient to identify those issues of key concern during the construction, operation of the proposed project which are likely to influence decisions on the proposed project;

(c) proposes a detailed programme of investigation able to meet all other objectives of the assessment;

(iii) a Final Assessment Report on the EA study on Northshore Lantau Development, which

(a) fully satisfies the requirements of this brief in respect to the prediction and assessment of impacts, the identification of environmental impact mitigation measures and the associated residual impacts;

(b) specify methods, measures and standards to be reflected on the RODPs and ROZPs where appropriate and to be included in the detailed design, construction, operation of the development;

(c) provides with the impacts summary, the study findings, conclusions, recommendations and a mechanism for implementation;

(iv) a Final Assessment Report on the EIA study on Lantau Port Expressway

(a) fully satisfies the requirements of this brief in respect to the prediction and assessment of impacts, the identification of environmental impact mitigation measures and the associated residual impacts;

(b) fully satisfies the requirements stipulated in the Technical Memorandum on EIA process.

(c) prescribes the specification for detailed design, construction and operation requirements of the proposed project; and

(d) provides with the impacts summary, the study findings, conclusions, recommendations and a mechanism for implementation;

(v) Executive Summaries in both English and Chinese of the study, highlighting the issues of concern to the community, the levels of residual environmental impacts and cumulative effects, requirements for implementation of the project, and the basis for and implications of those requirements. It is intended that the information contained therein will assist the Government in undertaking ACE, DB and other public consultation(s); and

(vi) any revisions or supplements to the above as may be required by the DEP.

10.2 The Consultants shall produce the following reports to the Director of Environmental Protection:

i)	a draft Inception Report	(30 copies)
ii)	a final Inception Report	(30 copies)
iii)	a draft Initial Assessment Report	(30 copies)
iv)	a final Initial Assessment Report	(80 copies)
v)	a draft Final Assessment Report on NLD	(30 copies)
vi)	a Final Assessment Report on NLD	(80 copies)
vii)	a final Assessment Report on LPE	(80 copies)
viii)	a draft Executive Summary on NLD	(30 copies)
ix)	an Executive Summary Report on NLD*	(150 copies)
x)	an Executive Summary Report on LPE*	(150 copies)
xi)	an Environmental Monitoring & Audit Manual on LPE	(80 copies)

10 soft copies of both the Final Reports and the Executive Summary Reports in CD-ROM (Compact Disc - Read Only Memory). The soft copies shall be prepared either by "WordPerfect for Windows, Version 6.0" or "Microsoft Word, Version 6.0", or an equivalent software to the satisfaction of EPD, with all texts, tables, graphics, illustrations and other contents be presented in the same layout and appearance as the hard copy of the Final EIA Reports and the Executive Summary Reports.

10.3 The Consultants shall also supply the government with appropriate copies of such reports, technical notes, briefs, supporting documents and other relevant inputs as may be required during the EIA Study or any public consultation exercise.

11. Public Projects

The requirements in the PELB's General Circular 2/94 on the Public Access to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports shall be complied with. The final EIA reports and the Executive Summary will be made available to the public according to the provisions in the circular. The EIA study findings may be presented to the ACE EIA sub-committee and its full council.

 

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