Table D1 Plant species recorded in secondary woodland habitat within the Study Area (54 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
Acacia confusa	T	E	++
Acronychia pedunculata	T		+
Bamboo	H		++
Blechnum orientale	F		+
Bridelia tomentosa	T		++
Brucea javanica	S		+
Canthium dicoccum	T		+
Celtis sinensis	T		+++
Cinnamomum camphora	T		+++
Clerodendrum cryptophyllum	S		++
Cratoxylum cochinchinensis	T		+++
Cymbopogon sp.	G		+
Cyperus spp.	H		+
Daphniphyllum calycinum	T		+
Desmos chinensis	S		+
Dicranopteris linearis	F		++
Dimocarpus longan	T	E	++
Embelia laeta	C		+
Ficus hirta	S		+
Ficus hispida	T		++
Ficus microcarpa	T		+
Ficus variegata	T		+++
Helicteres angustifolia	H		+
Ischaemum sp.	G		+
Litchi chinensis	T	E	+
Litsea glutinosa	T		+++
Litsea rotundifolia	S		++
Lygodium japonicum	F		+
Macaranga tanarius	T		+++
Mallotus apelta	T		++
Mallotus paniculatus	T		++
Melia azedarach	T	E	+
Miscanthus sinensis	G		+
Mussaenda pubescens	S		+
Passiflora sp.	C		+
Pennisetum alopecuroides	G		+
Phyllanthus emblica	T		+
Pinus massoniana	T		++
Psychotria rubra	S		++
Pueraria lobata	C	E	++
Rhaphiolepis indica	S		++
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa	S		+
Rhus chinensis	T		++
Rhus succedanea	T		+
Sapium discolor	T		++
Sapium sebiferum	T		++
Smilax china	C		+
Solidago virgo-aurea	S		+
Stephania sp.	C		+
Strophantus divaricatus	S		+
Tetracera asiatica	C		+
Tetradium glabrifolium	T		+
Uvaria microcarpa	S		+
Wikstroemia indica	S		+

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Table D2 Plant species recorded in grassland/shrubland habitat within the Study Area (44 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
Aporusa dioica	T		+
Bidens pilosa	H		+++
Chloris batata	G		++
Cinnamomum camphora	T		+
Cirsium sp.	H		+
Cratoxylum cochinchinensis	T		+
Cynodon dactylon	G		+++
Desmodium pulchellum	S		+
Dicranopteris linearis	F		+++
Elephantopus tomentosa	H		++
Embelia laeta	C		++
Glochidion zeylanicum	T		+
Hedyotis auricularia	H
Ilex asprella	S		+
Imperata cylindrica	G		++
Lantana camara	S	E	+
Leucaena leucocephala	T	E	+
Litsea cubeba	T		+
Litsea glutinosa	T		+
Litsea rotundifolia	S		+
Lygodium japonicum	F		+
Mallotus apelta	T		+
Mallotus paniculatus	T		+
Melastoma candidum	S		++
Melastoma dodecandrum	S		+
Melia azedarach	T	E	+
Mikania micrantha	C	E	++
Mimosa pudica	H		++
Miscanthus sinensis	G		+
Panicum maximum	G	E	+
Phragmites australis	G		+
Phyllanthus emblica	T		+
Psychotria rubra	S		+
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa	S		++
Rhus succedanea	T		+
Saccharum arundinaceum	G		++
Sapium discolor	T		+
Sapium sebiferum	T		+
Sesbania cochinchinensis	H		+
Smilax china	C		++
Solanum torvum	S		+
Tetradium glabrifolium	T		+
Wedelia triloba	C	E	++
Wikstroemia indica	S		++

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Table D3 Plant species recorded in cultivated land within the Study Area (69 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
			Active cultivated land	Abandoned cultivated land
Acacia confusa	T	E		+
Alocasia macrorrhiza	H			++
Alternanthera sessilis	H			+
Amaranthus viridus	H			++
Amygdalus persica	T	E	+++	+++
Apium graveolens	H	E		+
Apluda mutica	G			+++
Archontophoenix alexandrae	T	E		+
Asparagus officinalis	H	E		+
Bambusa vulgaris var. striata	T	E		+
Bauhinia blakeana	T			+
Bidens pilosa	H			+++
Brassica chinensis	H		++
Brassica juncea	H	E	+	+
Bridelia tomentosa	T			+
Cassia tora	S			+
Casuarina equisetifolia	T	E		+
Celtis sinensis	T			+
Clausena lansium	T	E	+
Coix lachryma-jobi	G			+
Colocasia esculenta	C	E	+	+
Conyza canadensis	H	E		+++
Cuscuta japonica	C			+
Cynodon dactylon	G			++
Dimocarpus longan	T	E	++	+
Eclipta prostrata	H			+
Ficus elastica	T	E		+
Ficus hispida	T			+
Ficus variegata	T			+
Gladiolus gandavensis	H	E	+++
Gossampinus malabaricum	T	E		+
Gynura bicolor	H			+
Impatiens balsamina	H	E		++
Ipomoea aquatica	C	E	+++	++
Ipomoea batatas	C	E	+	+
Ipomoea cairica	C			++
Ipomoea hederacea	C			+
Lactuca sativa	H		++
Lantana camara	S	E		+
Leucaena leucocephala	T	E		++
Ligustrum sinensis	S			+
Livistona chinense	T	E		+
Macaranga tanarius	T			++
Melaleuca quinquinervia	T	E		+
Melia azedarach	T	E		+
Mikania micrantha	C	E		+++
Miscanthus sinensis	G			+
Musa paradisiaca	H	E	++	++
Neyraudia reynaudiana	G			+
Oxalis corniculatus	H			+
Panicum maximum	G	E		++
Panicum repens	G			++
Paspalum conjugatum	G			++
Pennisetum alopecuroides	G			+
Pennisetum purpureum	G			+
Polygonum chinense	H			++
Polygonum hydropiper	H			+
Polygonum perfoliatum	H			+
Praxelis clematidea	H	E		++
Ricinus communis	S	E		++
Rumex maritimus	H			+
Sapium sebiferum	T			+
Scoparia dulcis	H			++
Solanum mammosum	S	E	+	+
Solanum melongena	C	E		+
Solanum nigrum	S	E		+
Solanum torvum	S			+
Sporobolus fertilis	G			+
Triumfetta bartramia	S			+

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Table D4 Plant species recorded in fishpond habitat within the Study Area (49 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
Acacia confusa	T	E	+
Alocasia macrorrhiza	H		+
Amaranthus viridus	H		+
Amygdalus persica	T	E	++
Annona squamosa	T	E	+
Artocarpus heterophylla	T	E	+
Bidens pilosa	H		+++
Canna indica	H	E	++
Carica papaya	T	E	+
Cinnamomum camphora	T		+
Clerodendrum inerme	S		+
Conyza canadensis	H	E	+++
Cyclosorus interruptus	F		+
Cyperus spp.	H		++
Dimocarpus longan	T	E	++
Eclipta prostrata	C		++
Eleusine indica	G		+
Emilia sonchifolia	H		+
Eriobotrya japonica	T	E	+
Ficus elastica	T	E	+
Ficus microcarpa	T		+
Ficus variegata	T		+
Fimbristylis spp.	H		++
Lantana camara	S	E	+
Litchi chinensis	T	E	+
Macaranga tanarius	T		++
Mangifera indica	T	E	+
Melia azedarach	T	E	+++
Mikania micrantha	C	E	+++
Mimosa pudica	H		++
Miscanthus floridulus	G		++
Miscanthus sinensis	G		+
Musa paradisiaca	H	E	+++
Neyraudia reynaudiana	G		++
Panicum maximum	G	E	++
Panicum repens	G		+++
Paspalum conjugatum	G		+++
Passiflora sp.	C		+
Pennisetum purpureum	G		++
Phragmites australis	G		++
Podocarpus nagi	T	E	+
Praxelis clematidea	H	E	++
Psidium guajava	T	E	++
Pteroloma triquetrum	H		+
Rhynchelytrum repens	G		++
Saccharum arundinaceum	G		+
Sesbania cochinchinensis	S		+
Solanum nigrum	S	E	+
Sterculia nobilis	T	E	+

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Table D5 Plant species recorded in marsh habitat within the Study Area (39 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
Acacia auriculiformis	T	E	+
Acanthus ilicifolius	H		+
Achyranthes aspera	S		++
Acrostichum aureum	F		+
Ageratum conyzoides	H		+
Alternanthera sessilis	H		+++
Amaranthus viridus	H		++
Compositae	H		+
Conyza canadensis	H	E	++
Cyclosorus interruptus	F		++
Cynodon dactylon	G		++
Cyperus malaccensis	SE		++
Cyperus spp.	H		+++
Derris trifoliata	C		+
Echinochloa crus-galli	G		+
Eclipta prostrata	C		+
Fimbristylis spp.	H		++
Ipomoea cairica	C		+++
Lantana camara	S	E	+
Leucaena leucocephala	T	E	+
Melia azedarach	T	E	+
Mikania micrantha	C	E	++
Mimosa pudica	H		++
Nerium indicum	T	E	+
Paliurus ramosissimus	T		+
Panicum maximum	G	E	+
Paspalum conjugatum	G		++
Paspalum sp.	G		+++
Pennisetum purpureum	G		++
Phragmites australis	G		+++
Pluchea indica	H		++
Ricinus communis	S	E	+
Sapium sebiferum	T		+
Scoparia dulcis	H		+
Sida rhombifolia	S		+
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis	S		+
Triumfetta bartramia	S		+
Wedelia triloba	C	E	+++
Xanthium sibiricum	S		+

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Table D6 Plant species recorded in stream channel/nullah habitat within the Study Area (41 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
Acacia confusa	T	E	++
Alocasia macrorrhiza	H		++
Artocarpus heterophylla	T	E	+
Bidens pilosa	H		+++
Boehmeria nivea	S		+
Bridelia tomentosa	T		+
Celtis sinensis	T		+++
Cleistocalyx operculata	T		+
Conyza canadensis	H	E	+
Cynodon dactylon	G		++
Dimocarpus longan	T	E	++
Euphorbia hirta	H		+
Ficus elastica	T	E	+
Ficus hispida	T		+++
Ficus microcarpa	T		+
Ficus tinctoria subsp. gibbosa	T		+
Ficus variegata	T		+
Gossampinus malabaricum	T	E	+
Ilex rotunda	T		+
Lantana camara	S	E	+
Leucaena leucocephala	T	E	++
Ligustrum sinensis	S		+
Litsea glutinosa	T		+
Lophostemon conferta	T	E	+
Macaranga tanarius	T		++
Melia azedarach	T	E	+
Mikania micrantha	C	E	+++
Mimosa pudica	H		+
Musa paradisiaca	H	E	+
Neyraudia reynaudiana	G		++
Panicum maximum	G	E	++
Pennisetum purpureum	G		++
Polygonum chinense	H		++
Rhynchelytrum repens	G		+
Rhus hypoleuca	T		+
Ricinus communis	S	E	++
Sapium sebiferum	T		+
Sesbania cochinchinensis	S		+
Sida rhombifolia	S		+
Sterculia lanceolata	T		+
Triumfetta bartramia	S		+

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Boldface = locally rare/restricted

Table D7 Plant species recorded in mangrove habitat within the Study Area (14 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
Acanthus ilicifolius	H		+++
Aegiceras corniculatum	S		+++
Alternanthera sessilis	H		+
Brachiaria mutica	G		+
Cyperus malaccensis	SE		++
Cyperus spp.	H		++
Derris trifoliata	C		+
Excoecaria agallocha	T		+
Fimbristylis spp.	H		++
Ipomoea cairica	C		++
Kandelia candel	T		+++
Mikania micrantha	C	E	++
Phragmites australis	G		+++
Pongamia pinnata	T		++

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Table D8 Plant species recorded in disturbed/urbanised area habitat within the Study Area (137 species recorded)

Species	Growth Form	Exotic	Relative Abundance
Acacia auriculiformis	T	E	++
Acacia confusa	T	E	+++
Acacia mangium	T	E	+
Aglaia odorata	S	E	+
Ailanthus fordii	T		+
Albizia lebbeck	T	E	+
Aleurites moluccana	T	E	+
Allamanda cathartica	S	E	++
Alocasia macrorrhiza	H		+
Alpinia zerumbet 'Variegata'	H	E	+
Amaranthus viridus	S		+
Aporusa dioica	T		+
Araucaria heterophylla	T	E	+
Archontophoenix alexandrae	T	E	++
Artocarpus heterophylla	T	E	+
Averrhoa carambola	T	E	+
Bamboo	H		++
Bauhinia blakeana	T		++
Bauhinia variegata	T		++
Bidens pilosa	H		++
Bischofia javanica	T		+
Bougainvillea glabra	C	E	+
Breynia fruticosa	S		+
Bridelia tomentosa	T		++
Calliandra haematocephala	S	E	++
Caryota ochlandra	S	E	++
Casuarina equisetifolia	T	E	+++
Casuarina stricta	T	E	+
Catharanthus roseus	S	E	+
Celosia argentea	H		+
Celtis sinensis	T		+++
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens	T	E	+
Cinnamomum burmanni	T		+
Cinnamomum camphora	T		+
Citrus maximum	T	E	+
Clausena lansium	T	E	+
Clerodendrum inerme	S		+
Clerodendrum viscosum	S	E	+
Codiaeum variegatum	S	E	+
Commelina nudiflora	H		+
Conyza canadensis	H		+
Cordyline terminalis	H	E	+
Crataeva religiosa	T	E	+
Cynodon dactylon	G		+++
Cyrtococcum patens	G		+
Delonix regia	T	E	++
Desmodium triflorum	C		++
Dimocarpus longan	T	E	+++
Diospyros kaki	T	E	+
Duranta repens	S	E	+
Eleusine indica	G		+
Eriobotrya japonica	T	E	+
Eucalyptus citriodora	T	E	++
Eucalyptus robusta	T	E	+
Eucalyptus tereticornis	T	E	+
Euphorbia hirta	H		+
Excoecaria cochinchinensis	S	E	+
Ficus elastica	T	E	++
Ficus hispida	T		++
Ficus microcarpa	T		+++
Ficus microcarpa 'Variety"	T	E	+
Ficus rumphii	T	E	+
Ficus superba	T		+
Ficus variegata	T		+
Fimbristylis sp.	H		+
Gossampinus malabaricum	T	E	+++
Grevillea robusta	T	E	+
Hibiscus spp.	S	E	++
Hibiscus tiliaceus	T		++
Hymenocallis littoralis	H	E	+
Imperata cylindrica	G		+
Ipomoea cairica	C		++
Ipomoea sp.	C		+
Ixora coccina var. lutea	S	E	+
Jasminum mesnyi	S	E	+
Juniperus chinensis	T	E	+
Kyllinga sp.	H		+
Lagerstroemia speciosa	T	E	+
Lantana camara	S	E	+
Leucaena leucocephala	T	E	++
Ligustrum sinensis	S		+
Liriope spicata	H		+
Litchi chinensis	T	E	+
Litsea glutinosa	T		+
Lophostemon conferta	T	E	++
Macaranga tanarius	T		+++
Mangifera indica	T	E	++
Manihot esculenta	H	E	+
Melaleuca quinquenervia	T	E	+++
Melastoma candidum	S		+
Melia azedarach	T	E	++
Michelia alba	T	E	+
Mikania micrantha	C	E	+++
Mimosa pudica	H		++
Musa paradisiaca	H	E	+
Nephrolepis cordifolia	F		+
Nerium indicum	T	E	+
Neyraudia reynaudiana	G		++
Oxalis corymbosa	H		+
Panicum maximum	G	E	++
Panicum repens	G		+
Peltophorum pterocarpum	T	E	++
Pennisetum purpureum	G	E	+
Phoenix roebelenii	T	E	+
Pinus massoniana	T		+
Plumeria rubra	T	E	+
Praxelis climatidae	H	E	+
Psidium guajava	T	E	++
Psychotria serpens	C		‘+
Pyrostegia ignea	C	E	+
Ravenala madagascariensis	T	E	+
Rhaphiolepis indica	S		+
Rhapis excelsa	H		+
Rhododendron sp.	S	E	+
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa	S		++
Rhoeo discolor	H	E	+
Rhus chinensis	T		+
Ricinus communis	S	E	+
Roystonea regia	T	E	+
Saccharum arundinaceum	G		+
Sagetaria theezans	S		+
Salix babylonica	T	E	+
Sansevieria trifasciata	H	E	+
Sapindus mukorossi	T	E	+
Sapium sebiferum	T		+
Schefflera arboricola	S	E	++
Scindapsus aureus	C		+
Sesbania cochinchinensis	H		++
Solanum nigrum	S		+
Spathodea campanulata	T	E	+
Sterculia lanceolata	T		+
Syzygium jambos	T	E	+
Taxodium distichum	T	E	+
Thevetia peruviana	T	E	+
Triumfetta bartramia	S		+
Uraria crinata	S		+
Wedelia triloba	C	E	+

Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic

Code for Relative Abundance: +++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce

Table D9 Bird species recorded in Sha Po marsh by HKBWS (between 1995 and 1997) and by ERM (in spring 1997)(Carey 1996, 1998; Carey & Tai 1999; ERM 1998)

Common name	Species name	Commonness & Distribution
White-breasted Waterhen ^1 2	Amaurornis phoenicurus	CW
Teal ^1	Anas crecca	U
Mallard ^1	Anas platyrhynchos	R
Pintail ^1	Anas acuta	R
Little Ringed Plover ^1	Charadrius dubius	CW
Wood Sandpiper ^1	Tringa glareola	U
Common Sandpiper ^1	Actitis hypoleucos	CW
Plain Prinia ^2	Prinia inornata	U
Yellow-bellied Prinia ^2	Prinia flaviventris	CW
Magpie Robin ^2	Copsychus saularis	CW
Rufous-backed Shrike ^2	Lanius schach	CW
Black-necked Starling ^2	Sturnus nigricollis	CW
Crested Myna ^2	Acridotheres cristatellus	CW
Red-billed Starling ^1	Sturnus sericeus	U

1 recorded by HKBWS between 1995 and 1997

2 recorded breeding in spring 1997 by ERM

Code for Commonness & Distribution: CW = common & widespread, U = uncommon & localised, R = rare & localised.

Table D10 Bird species with conservation value recorded in Meanders A and B near Ko Po Tsuen (Ecosystems Ltd. 2000a, 2000b)

Common names	Species names	Commonness	Distribution	Rarity	Protection status	Meanders
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	C	Occur in wetland habitats in Hong Kong, East Asia	Local population declining	None	B
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	C	Occur in wetland habitats in Hong Kong, worldwide	Local population declining	None	B
Grey-headed Lapwing	Vanellus cinereus	R	Found mostly in freshwater wetlands, East Asia	Local abundance declining Classified as “near-threatened” by Collar et al. (1994)	None	A
Black-eared Kite	Milvus lineatus	C	Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, East Eurasia	Local breeding population declining	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES	A, B
Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	U	Found in open country, Eurasia and Africa		Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES	B
Greater Coucal	Centropus sinensis	C	Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, Oriental	Very rare in China	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC	B
Lesser Coucal	Centropus bengalensis	U	Occur in scrub- and tree-covered hillsides, Oriental		Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC	B

Code for Commonness: C = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localized, R = rare and localised

Table D11 Bird species with conservation value recorded in Channels 60 CD (Contract B) and 43 CD. (Ecosystems Ltd. 2000b)

Common name	Species name	Commonness	Distribution	Rarity	Protection status	Channels
Black-faced Spoonbill	Platalea minor	R	Found mostly in the Deep Bay area, East Asia	Global population estimated to be about 600 birds in 2000, classified as “critically endangered” by Collar et al. (1994)	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC	60CD
Pheasant-tailed Jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus	R	Found in marshes, South Asia	Locally extinct as a breeding species	None	60CD
Grey-headed Lapwing	Vanellus cinereus	R	Found mostly in freshwater wetlands, East Asia	Local abundance declining Classified as “near-threatened” by Collar et al. (1994)	None	43CD
Buzzard	Buteo buteo	U	Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, Eurasia and Africa		Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES	60CD
Black-eared Kite	Milvus lineatus	C	Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, East Eurasia	Local breeding population declining	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES	60CD
Spotted Munia	Lonchura punctulata	U	Occur almost everywhere except thick woodland, Oriental	Local abundance declining		43CD

Code for Commonness: C = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localised

Table D12 Nesting populations at Shui Mei and Au Tau egretries in the 2000 breeding season (Kwok et al. 2001).

	Little Egrets	Chinese Pond Herons	Total nests (% of total nests in Hong Kong)
Au Tau	21	7	28, (3.8)
Shui Mei	1	15	16, (2.1)

Table D13 Bird species and their abundance (no. of birds per ha) recorded in selected habitats within the Study Area for the present study during April 2000 to March 2001.

Common name	Species name	Roadside plantation	Cultivated land	Fish ponds	Marsh	Stream channel	Woodland	Commonness
Species recorded within counting points
Little Grebe *	Tachybaptus ruficollis	-	-	0.37	0.29	-	-	CW
Cormorant *	Phalacrocorax carbo	-	-	0.52	-	-	-	U
Chinese Pond Heron *	Ardeola bacchus	-	1.57	0.96	2.50	0.29	0.29	CW
Little Egret *	Egretta garzetta	-	0.59	1.99	1.47	-	-	CW
Cattle Egret *	Bubulcus ibis	-	0.79	-	0.59	-	-	CW
Intermediate Egret *	Mesophoyx intermedia	-	-	0.07	0.15	-	-	R
Night Heron *	Nycticorax nycticorax	-	-	-	0.59	-	-	U
Great Egret *	Casmerodius albus	-	-	0.37	0.29	-	-	U
Grey Heron *	Ardea cinerea	-	-	0.37	0.15	-	-	U
Buzzard	Buteo buteo	-	-	0.07	0.15	-	-	U
Black-eared Kite	Milvus lineatus	-	-	0.22	-	-	-	CW
Hobby	Falco subbuteo	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	R
White-breasted Waterhen *	Amaurornis phoenicurus	-	0.79	0.29	0.59	0.44	-	CW
Moorhen *	Gallinula chloropus	-	-	0.29	-	-	-	U
Green Sandpiper *	Tringa glareola	-	-	0.29	0.59	-	-	CW
Common Sandpiper *	Actitis hypoleucos	-	-	0.22	0.59	-	-	CW
Little Ringed Plover*	Charadrius dubius	-	-	0.07	0.15	-	-	CW
Fantail Snipe *	Gallinago gallinago	-	-	-	0.74	-	-	U
Redshank *	Tringa totanus	-	-	0.88	-	-	-	U
Black-headed Gull *	Larus ridibundus	-	-	1.40	-	-	-	CW
Greater Coucal	Centropus sinensis	0.29	-	-	-	0.15	-	CW
Large Hawk Cuckoo	Cuculus sparverioides	0.29	-	-	-	-	0.59	CW
Plaintive Cuckoo	Cacomantis merulinus	-	-	-	-	0.15	-	U
Koel	Eudynamis scolopacea	0.29	-	0.07	-	0.15	0.29	CW
Black-capped Kingfisher *	Halcyon pileata	-	-	-	0.15	-	-	U
White-breasted Kingfisher *	Halcyon smyrnensis	-	-	0.29	-	-	0.29	CW
Common Kingfisher*	Alcedo atthis	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	CW
House Swift	Apus nipalensis	0.59	0.39	0.22	-	-	0.29	CW
Feral Pigeon	Columbia livia	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	U
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis	-	1.57	0.37	0.29	0.74	1.18	CW
Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	0.29	1.18	1.10	0.44	0.59	0.29	CW
Richard’s Pipit	Anthus richardi	-	-	0.66	-	-	-	CW
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	-	0.20	0.07	-	-	-	U
Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	-	0.20	-	0.29	-	-	CW
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	-	0.39	0.74	0.44	-	-	CW
Yellow Wagtail *	Motacilla flava	-	0.59	0.22	-	-	-	CW
Crested Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus	0.88	1.37	0.22	0.15	2.06	2.06	CW
Chinese Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis	0.88	1.96	0.81	1.03	2.36	3.53	CW
Red-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus aurigaster	-	0.20	-	0.15	0.15	-	CW
Siberian Stonechat *	Saxicola maura	-	0.39	0.22	0.15	-	-	U
Grey Bushchat	Saxicola caprata	-	0.20	-	-	-	-
Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis	1.47	1.37	0.29	0.44	1.18	0.29	CW
Siberian Rubythroat	Luscinia calliope	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	U
Blackbird	Turdus merula	-	0.39	-	-	-	-	U
Grey-backed Thrush	Turdus hortulorum	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	U
Asian Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica	0.29	-	-	-	-	-	U
Plain Prinia	Prinia inornata	0.29	0.20	1.62	1.18	-	-	U
Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris	0.29	0.79	1.18	2.36	1.03	0.29	CW
Arctic Warbler	Phylloscopus borealis	0.29	-	-	-	-	-	U
Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornata	0.29	0.39	-	-	0.15	0.29	CW
Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius	0.88	-	0.29	0.15	0.59	0.59	CW
Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus	-	-	-	0.29	-	-	U
Black-faced Laughingthrush	Garrulax perspicillatus	-	1.57	-	0.44	-	-	CW
Great Tit	Parus major	0.88	-	-	-	0.74	-	CW
Rufous-backed Shrike	Lanius schach	0.59	0.59	0.44	0.88	-	0.29	CW
Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonica	0.88	0.98	0.15	0.15	2.50	2.94	CW
Fork-tailed sunbird	Aethopyga christinae	0.29	-	-	-	-	-	U
Hair-crested Drongo	Dicrurus hottentottus	0.29	-	-	-	-	-	U
Black Drongo	Dicrurus macrocercus	-	-	0.29	0.29	0.15	-	CW
Collared Crow	Corvus torquata	-	-	0.15	-	-	-	U
Jungle Crow	Corvus macrorhynchus	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	CW
Magpie	Pica pica	-	0.20	0.07	0.15	-	1.18	CW
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	0.29	1.37	0.44	1.47	0.15	0.88	CW
Common Myna	Acridotheres tristis	-	0.98	-	0.29	0.15	-	R
Black-necked Starling	Sturnus nigricollis	-	1.57	1.40	0.15	0.15	0.29	CW
Red-billed Starling	Sturnus sericeus	-	-	8.10	-	-	-	U
Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus	0.59	4.71	0.44	0.29	1.77	0.59	CW
White-backed Munia	Lonchura striata	-	-	-	-	0.15	-	U
Spotted Munia	Lonchura punctulata	-	-	-	0.29	2.50	-	U
Masked Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	CW
Species recorded outside counting points
#Chinese Pond Heron *	Ardeola bacchus							CW
#Little Egret *	Egretta garzetta							CW
Avocet *	Recurvirostra avosetta							R
Black-faced Spoonbill *	Platalea minor							R
Imperial Eagle	Aquila heliaca							R
#White-breasted #Waterhen *	Amaurornis phoenicurus							CW
#Common Sandpiper*	Actitis hypoleucos							CW
#Feral Pigeon	Columbia livia							U
#Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis							CW
#Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica							CW
#Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni							CW
#White Wagtail	Motacilla alba							CW
#Crested Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus							CW
#Chinese Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis							CW
#Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris							CW
#Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornata							CW
#Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius							CW
#Magpie	Pica pica							CW
#Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus							CW

Total species = 73

Wetland dependent species are indicated by *.

Species recorded in and outside counting points are indicated by #

Code for Commonness & Distribution: CW = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localised.

Table D14 Bird species and their abundance recorded within the Study Area during April 2000 to March 2001.

Common name	Apr 00	May 00	June 00	July 00	Aug 00	Sept 00	Oct 00	Nov 00	Dec 00	Jan 01	Feb 01	Mar 01
Little Grebe		1		1			1		1
Cormorant									1		1	2
Chinese Pond Heron	4	5	4	2	2	2	2	5		8	2	5
Little Egret	1	4	3	1	1	1	3	15			8	3
Cattle Egret	2	3	3
Intermediate Egret		2
Night Heron				2		2
Great Egret		1		2	1	1	2
Grey Heron							1		1	2		2
Buzzard									1			1
Black-eared Kite								1			1	1
Hobby		1
White-breasted Waterhen	2	1	3	2		1	3	1	2
Moorhen								3		1
Green Sandpiper					3					3		2
Common Sandpiper		1			1	2	1	2
Little Ringed Plover												1
Fantail Snipe	2							2				1
Redshank	6						6
Black-headed Gull									19
Greater Coucal				1
Large Hawk Cuckoo		1	1
Plaintive Cuckoo			1
Koel		2	2
Black-capped Kingfisher				1
White-breasted Kingfisher				1	2			1				1
Common Kingfisher
House Swift		1		1		2	4
Feral Pigeon							1
Spotted Dove	2	2	4	4	3	2		3			3	1
Barn Swallow	16	3	5	2	2	1	1
Richard’s Pipit	7	1						1
Red-throated Pipit	2
Olive-backed Pipit								3
White Wagtail				2	1	3	4	4		1
Yellow Wagtail										1	4
Crested Bulbul		14	2	6	2	1		2		4	1	3
Chinese Bulbul	10	11	1	8	3	1	7	5	5	2	3	3
Red-vented Bulbul				1		1		1
Siberian Stonechat	1						1		1	1		1
Grey Bushchat										1
Magpie Robin	4	8	1	3	1	3		3	3	1	1
Siberian Rubythroat									1
Blackbird									2
Grey-backed Thrush									1
Asian Brown Flycatcher							1
Plain Prinia	5	5	6	6	2	1				2	2	3
Yellow-bellied Prinia	3	9	5	4	2	2	4	4	2	2	4	4
Arctic Warbler							1
Yellow-browed Warbler								3			2
Common Tailorbird		2	1	1	2	5	1			2
Dusky Warbler								1			1
Black-faced Laughingthrush			11
Great Tit	1	1		1		1	2			1	1
Rufous-backed Shrike	1	1	4	4	2	1		2		2		1
Japanese White-eye	2	3	5	10	2	3		1		6	6
Fork-tailed sunbird					1
Hair-crested Drongo				1
Black Drongo		3		1	2	1
Collared Crow						2
Jungle Crow				1
Magpie	2	1		1					3
Crested Myna	1	2	2	6						2		15
Common Myna		2		1
Black-necked Starling	5	2	3	1	1		4		13	1
Red-billed Starling									110
Tree Sparrow	8	11	6	5	1	5						12
White-backed Munia								1
Spotted Munia				1			2		6			10
Masked Bunting									1

Table D15 Rare and conservationally important bird species recorded in the Study Area during April 2000 to March 2001.

Species	Location (refer to Figure 8.4f)	Commonness	Distribution	Rarity (Viney et al. 1996; Yan et al. 1996)	Protection status *
Black-eared Kite	Middle of S6	C	Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, East Eurasia	Local breeding population declining	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES
Buzzard	Near Lut Chau on S6 and P2	U	Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, Eurasia and Africa	Locally uncommon	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES
Hobby	Near Lut Chau on S6	R	Occur in open areas in Hong Kong, Eurasia and Africa	Locally rare	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES
Intermediate Egret ^1	Near	R	Deep Bay area in Hong Kong, Asia, Africa and Australasia	Regionally rare
Avocet ^1, 2	Lut Chau	R	Mainly in Deep Bay area, Eurasia and Africa	Locally
Black-faced Spoonbill ^1, 2	Lut Chau	R	Found mostly in the Deep Bay area, East Asia	Locally rare; Global population estimated to be about 600 birds, classified as “endangered” by BirdLife International (2000)	Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC
Imperial Eagle ^2	Lut Chau	U	Northern New Territories, Eurasia and Africa	Locally uncommon; Classified as “vulnerable” by BirdLife International (2000)	Class 1 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 1 of CITES

* All birds in Hong Kong are protected under the Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170).

Wetland dependent species are indicated by ¹

Species recorded outside counting points but within the Study Area are indicated by ²

P = pumping station

S = sewer/rising main

Commonness: U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localised.

Table D16 Records of birds showing breeding activity within the Study Area during April 2000 to March 2001.

Common name	Location	Habitat type	Commonness	Observation
Common Myna	S2	Cultivated lands	U	Recently fledged juveniles
Plain Prinia	S6	Fish ponds	U	Recently fledged juveniles
Yellow-bellied Prinia	S6	Fish ponds	CW	Recently fledged juveniles

P = pumping station

S = sewer/rising main

Commonness: CW = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised

Table D17 Butterfly species recorded within the Study Area for the present study during April 2000 to March 2001 (11 species recorded).

Common name	Latin name	Commonness	Element recorded	Relative abundance
Blue Spotted Crow	Euploea midamus	VC	P4	I
			P6	I
Great Eggfly	Hypolimnas bolina	C	S2	I
			S6	I
			P6	I
Peacock Pansy	Junonia almana	C	S6	I
Blue Pansy	Junonia orithya	UC	Along S2	I
Angled Castor	Ariadne ariadne	C	S2	II
			P4	I
Common Mormon	Papilio polytes	VC	P3	I
			P4	I
			P6	I
Common Bluebottle	Graphium sarpedon	VC	S6	I
			P4	I
Great Orange Tip	Hebomoia glaucippe	C	P4	I
Common White	Artogeia canidia	VC	P2	I
			P3	I
			P5	I
			P6	I
			S2	II
Common Yellow	Eurema hecabe	VC	S6	I
			S2	II
			P2	I
			P3	I
			P4	I
			P6	I
Common Black Jezebel	Delias pasithoe	C	S2	II
			P4	I
			P6	I

Commonness: C = common, VC = very common (Walthew 1997)

P = pumping station

S = sewer/rising main

Relative abundance: I = 1-10 individuals

II = 11-30 individuals

Table D18 Dragonfly species recorded within the Study Area by Wilson (1997) and by the present study during April 2000 to March 2001 (12 species recorded).

	Species	Commonness	Recording Location	Relative abundance
Wilson 1997	Epopthalmia elegans	FC, W	Au Tau
	Crocothemis servilia	C, W	Au Tau
	Tholymis tillarga	C, W	Au Tau
	Zyxomma petiolatum	FC, W	Au Tau
	Brachydiplax chalybea*	C, W	Au Tau
The present study	Ischnura senegalensis	A, W	P4	I
			P2	I
			P6	I
			S2	I
			S6	I
	Ictinogomphus pertinax	FC, W	S6	I
	Brachythemis contaminata	A, W	P4	I
			P6	I
			S2	I
	Orthetrum glaucum	A, W	P4	I
	Orthetrum chrysis	C, W	P5	I
	Orthetrum pruinosum	A, W	P4	I
	Orthetrum sabina	A, W	P4	I
			P5	I
			P6	I
			S2	I
			S6	I
	Rhyothemis variegata	C, W	P2	I
			P4	I
			P5	I
			P6	I
			S6	I
	Trithemis aurora	A, W	P4	I
	Neurothemis fulvia	FC, W	S6	I
	Pantala flavescens	A, W	S6	II
			P2	I
			P5
			P6	I
			S2	I
	Tramea virginia	C, W	P2	I
			P5	I
			P6	I
			S6	I

* recorded by both Wilson (1997) and the present study

Commonness: A = abundant, C = common, FC = fairly common, W = widespread (Wilson 1997)

P = pumping station

S = sewer/rising main

Relative abundance: I = 1-10 individuals

II = 11-30 individuals

Table D19 Mammals recorded within the Study Area between 1992 and 1996 (Reels 1996; Babtie 1996) and during the present study (April 2000 to March 2001).

	Common name	Species name	Location within the Study Area	Distribution in Hong Kong	Protection status
1992 - 1996	Javan Mongoose ^1	Herpestes javanicus	Fishponds near S6	Widely recorded in lowland northwest New Territories	WAPO
	Common Otter ^1	Lutra lutra	Fishponds near S6	Rare and restricted to the wetlands of the Deep Bay area	WAPO, Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 1 of CITES
	Chinese Pangolin ^1	Manis pentadactyla	Hillside near P1	A few records in the central New Territories	WAPO, Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES
	Chinese Leopard Cat ^1	Prionailurus bengalensis	Hillside near P1	Widely distributed across the northwest, central and northeast New Territories	WAPO, Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES
	Japanese Pipistrelle ^2	Pipistrellus abramus	Fishponds, streams and marshes between Tung Shing Lei and Kam Hing Wai	Widely distributed in Hong Kong	WAPO
	Noctule Bat ^2	Nyctalus noctula	Fishponds, streams and marshes between Tung Shing Lei and Kam Hing Wai	Uncertain, only a few specimens are collected in Hong Kong	WAPO
The present study	Japanese Pipistrelle	Pipistrellus abramus	S6	Widely distributed in Hong Kong	WAPO

¹ Reels (1996)

² Babtie BMT Hong Kong Ltd (1996)

Distribution in Hong Kong: Reels (1996)

Protection status: Wang (1998)

Table D20 Amphibian species reported within the Study Area by Lau and Dudgeon (1999).

Common name	Species name	Locations within the Study Area	Distribution	Commonness
Asian Common Toad	Bufo melanostictus	Au Tau	Occur all over the New Territories. from central to southeast Asia	C, W
Gunther’s Frog	Rana guentheri	Au Tau	Very widespread in Hong Kong, Widely distributed in southern China to southeast Asia	C, W
Chinese Bullfrog	Rana rugulosa	Au Tau	Occur throughout the New Territories, Central China to Southeast Asia	U, W

Distribution: Lau and Dudgeon (1999)

Commonness: C = common, U = uncommon, L = localised, W = widespread (Lau and Dudgeon 1999)

Table D21 Amphibian species recorded within the Study Area for the present study during April 2000 to March 2001.

	Common name		Species name	Distribution in Hong Kong	Element recorded
Asian Common Toad		Bufo melanostictus		Common and occur all over the New Territories	S2, P6
Gunther’s Frog		Rana guentheri		Very widespread in Hong Kong	S1, S6, P5
Brown Tree Frog		Polypedates megacehalus		Very widespread in Hong Kong	S6

Distribution in Hong Kong (Lau and Dudgeon 1999)

P = pumping station

S = sewer/rising main

Table D22 Reptile species recorded within the Study Area by the present study.

	Common name		Species name	Distribution in Hong Kong	Element recorded
Changeable Lizard		Calotes versicolor		Common and occurs in many types of habitats, except in dense forest and mountain grasslands	S6
Red-necked Keelback		Rhabdophis subminiatus		Common and widespread, usually found in forested or shrubby hills and near water	P4

Distribution in Hong Kong (Karsen et al. 1998)

P = pumping station

S = sewer/rising main

Table D23 Results of the channel survey for the present study during April 2000 to March 2001.

	Wet season survey				Dry Season survey
Sampling locations & replicates	Common name	Scientific name	Weight	Length	Common name	Scientific name	Weight	Length
1
a	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	350	214	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	136	120
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	125	113	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	145	131
					Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	155	129
					Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	320	201
					Mullet	Mugil affinis	210	265
b	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	410	215	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	310	195
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	270	186	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	300	190
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	180	175	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	250	173
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	150	133	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	210	164
	Mud carp	Cirrhinus molitorella	400	268
	Mullet	Mugil affinis	100	166
c	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	400	218	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	340	221
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	250	173	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	275	184
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	125	195	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	135	177
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	180	156	Mullet	Mugil affinis	125	193
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	120	137
2
a	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	300	193	Mud crab	Scylla serrata		55
	Mud crab	Scylla serrata		43
b	-	-	-	-	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	240	162
					Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	210	142
c	-	-	-	-	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	120	121
					Mud crab	Scylla serrata		64
3
a	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	460	224	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	405	214
					Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	145	133
					Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	110	102
b	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	420	206	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	355	186
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	410	223
	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	210	165
c	-	-	-	-	Tilapia	Oreochromis sp.	135	155

Table D24 Plant species recorded within and near to the proposed pumping stations P1 to P7

1. 1. Species	Habit	Exotic	Location
			P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7
Alocasia macrorrhiza	H			+			+	+	+
Alternanthera sessilis	H							+
Amaranthus viridus	H			+		+		+	+
Bambusa vulgaris var. striata	G	Exotic					+
Bauhinia variegata	T								+
Bidens pilosa	H		+	+	+			+	+
Bridelia tomentosa	T								+
Calliandra haematocephala	S	Exotic				+
Casuarina stricta	T	Exotic			+
Celtis sinensis	T		+				+	+	+
Chrisalidocarpus lutescens	T	Exotic				+	+
Clausena lansium	T								+
Clerodendrum viscosum	S	Exotic		+
Conyza canadensis	H	Exotic	+					+
Cuscuta japonica	C
Cyclosorus interruptus	F			+
Cynodon dactylon	G			+	+
Dimocarpus longan	T	Exotic					+	+	+
Eclipta prostrata	H				+
Eleusine indica	G			+
Ficus elastica	T	Exotic		+
Ficus hispida	T					+
Ficus microcarpa	T					+			+
Fimbristylis sp.	H		+
Gossapinus malabaricum	T	Exotic	+
Hibiscus sp.	T	Exotic				+
Imperata cylindrica	G		+
Ipomoea cairica	C	Exotic		+		+		+
Ipomoea sp.	C	Exotic			+
Lantana camara	S	Exotic		+					+
Leucaena leucocephala	T	Exotic	+
Litsea glutinosa	T								+
Macaranga tanarius	T			+			+		+
Melaleuca quinquinervia	T	Exotic							+
Melia azedarach	T	Exotic			+	+
Mikania micrantha	C	Exotic		+					+
Mimosa pudica	H		+		+
Musa paradisiaca	T								+
Panicum maximum	G	Exotic							+
Paspalum conjugatum	G			+				+
Polygonum hydropiper	H							+
Polygonum perfoliatum	H							+
Praxelis clematidea	H	Exotic	+		+
Ricinus communis	S	Exotic						+	+
Sansevieria trifasciata	H	Exotic							+
Sapium sebiferum	T							+
Schefflera arboricola	S	Exotic					+
Sesbania cochinchinensis	S	Exotic	+		+
Solanum nigrum	H					+
Triumfetta bartramia	S			+
Wedelia triloba	C	Exotic				+

G = grass, H = herb, S = shrub, T = tree, C = cultivated species, + = present

Table D25 Bird species recorded in the proposed pumping station sites. (Wetland dependent species are indicated by "*").

Common name	Latin name		P1		P2		P3		P4		P5		P6		P7		Commonness & Distribution
Little Egret *		Egretta garzetta						+										CW
Spotted Dove		Streptopelia chinensis						+								+		CW
Crested Bulbul		Pycnonotus jocosus		+												+		CW
Chinese Bulbul		Pycnonotus sinenisi				+						+				+		CW
Yellow-bellied Prinia		Prinia flaviventris																CW
Common Tailorbird		Orthotomus sutorius												+				CW
Crested Myna		Acridotheres cristatellus								+				+				CW
Black-necked Starling		Sturnus nigricollis								+								CW
Tree Sparrow		Passer montanus		+								+						CW

Commonness & Distribution: CW = common and widespread.

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