APPENDIX G – SPECIS LISTS OF FLORA AND FAUNA            

 

 

Table G-1        Plant Species Recorded in Forest

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local Abundance

Remark

Abrus mollis

Restricted

C

O

 

Acacia concinna (A. sinuata) 

Restricted

C

S

 

Acacia confusa

Common, introduced

T

O

 

Acronychia pedunculata

Very common

T

F

 

Adenanthera pavonina var. microsperma

Restricted

T

S

 

Adiantum flabellulatum

Very common

H

F

 

Adiantum malesianum

Common

H

O

 

Aidia pycnantha (Randia cochinchinensis)

Common

T

O

 

Ailanthus fordii

Rare

T

O

Protected in HK

Alangium chinense

Common

T

O

 

Alchornea trewioides

Common

S

O

 

Alpinia hainanensis (A. katsumadai)

Very common

H

O

 

Ampelopsis cantoniensis

Very common

C

O

 

Antidesma bunius

Common

T

O

 

Antidesma paniculatum

Common

S

O

 

Aporosa dioica

Very common

T

O

 

Aquilaria sinensis

Common

T

O

Class III National protection

Archidendron clypearia

Common

T

O

 

Archidendron lucidum (Pithecellobium lucidum, Abarema lucida)

Common

T

O

 

Ardisia crenata

Common, cultivated only

H

O

 

Bambusa sp.

 

T

O

 

Bischofia javanica

Common

T

O

 

Blechnum orientale

Very common

H

O

 

Bowringia callicarpa

Very common

C

O

 

Breynia fruticosa

Very common

S

O

 

Bridelia tomentosa

Very common

T

O

 

Brucea javanica

Common

S

O

 

Byttneria aspera

Very common

C

F

 

Caesalpinia crista (C. nuga)

Very common

C

O

 

Calamus tetradactylus

Common

C

O

 

Cansjera rheedii

Restricted

S

O

 

Canthium dicoccum

Common

T

O

 

Capparis cantoniensis

Common

C

S

 

Casuarina equisetifolia

Common, introduced

T

O

 

Cayratia corniculata (Columella corniculata) 

Very common

C

O

 

Celastrus hindsii

Very common

C

F

 

Celtis biondii

Restricted

S

S

 

Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)

Common

T

O

 

Celtis timorensis (C. philippinensis)

Restricted

Sap

S

 

Centotheca lappacea

Common

H

F

 

Choerospondias axillaris

Common

T

O

 

Chrysopogon aciculatus

Very common

H

S

 

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon

Common

T

S

 

Cissus repens

Restricted

C

O

 

Cissus repens

Restricted

C

O

 

Claoxylon indicum

Common

T

O

 

Clausena lansium

Common, introduced

T

O

 

Cratoxylum cochinchinense

Very common

T

O

 

Cryptocarya concinna

Restricted

T

O

 

Cudrania cochinchinensis ( Maclura cochinchinensis)

Common

S

O

 

Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia

Common

T

O

 

Cyclosorus parasiticus (Christella parasitica)

Very common

H

O

 

Dalbergia balansae

Restricted*

T

O

 

Dalbergia benthamii

Common

C

O

 

Daphniphyllum calycinum

Common

S

O

 

Dendrotrophe frutescen

Very common

C

O

 

Derris alborubra

Common

C

O

 

Desmos chinensis (D. cochinchinensis)

Common

S

O

 

Dicranopteris pedata (D. dichotoma, D. linearis)

Very common

H

O

 

Dimocarpus longan

Common, introduced, naturalised

T

O

 

Dioscorea benthamii

Common

C

O

 

Dioscorea fordii (D. batatas)

Common

C

O

 

Diospyros eriantha

Very common

T

O

 

Elaeagnus loureiri

Restricted

S

O

 

Elephantopus scaber

Common

H

O

 

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Acanthopanax trifoliatus)

Restricted

C

O

 

Embelia ribes

Common

C

O

 

Erycibe obtusifolia

Restricted

C

S

 

Ficus hispida

Very common

T

O

 

Ficus nervosa

Restricted

T

O

 

Ficus variegata var. chlorocarpa

Common

T

O

 

Ficus variolosa

Very common

S

O

 

Fissistigma uonicum

Restricted

C

O

 

Fraxinus griffithii

Restricted

T

O

 

Garcinia oblongifolia

Very common

T

O

 

Glochidion eriocarpum

Very common

S

F

 

Glochidion hirsutum

Common

T

O

 

Gmelina chinensis

Common

T

O

Protected in Guangdong

Gnetum luofuense (G. montanum)

Very common

C

F

 

Gordonia axillaris

Very common

T

O

 

Gynura divaricata

Very common

H

O

 

Hedyotis hedyotidea

Very common

C

O

 

Helicteres angustifolia

Very common

H

O

 

Hibiscus tiliaceus

Very common

T

O

 

Ilex asprella

Very common

S

F

 

Lantana camara

Very common, exotics from America

S

O

 

Liriope spicata

Very common

H

F

 

Litchi chinensis

Common, introduced

T

O

 

Lithocarpus glaber

Common

T

O

 

Litsea glutinosa

Very common

T

F

 

Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia

Very common

S

F

 

Loeseneriella concinna (L. obtusifolia, Hippocratea obtusifolia)

Common

C

O

 

Lophatherum gracile

Very common

H

F

 

Lygodium flexuosum

Very common

C

F

 

Machilus chekiangensis

Very common

T

F

 

Machilus velutina

Common

T

O

 

Maesa perlarius

Common

S

O

 

Malaisia scandens

Rare

C

O

 

Mallotus paniculatus

Very common

T

F

 

Mallotus philippensis

Restricted

T

S

 

Melodinus suaveolens

Common

C

F

 

Memecylon ligustrifolium

Common

S

O

 

Merremia umbellata

Common

C

O

 

Microcos paniculata

Common

T

F

 

Microstegium ciliatum

Very common

H

O

 

Mikania micrantha

Very common, exotics from America

C

O

 

Millettia nitida

Very common

C

O

 

Millettia speciosa

Common

C

O

 

Miscanthus sinensis

Very common

H

S

 

Murraya exotica

Common, introduced

S

S

 

Musa balbisiana

Common

GH

O

 

Mussaenda pubescens

Very common

C

O

 

Oroxylum indicum

Restricted

T

O

 

Osmunda vachellii

Common

H

O

 

Ottochloa nodosa var. micrantha (O. malabarica) 

Very common

H

F

 

Oxalis corniculata

Very common

H

S

 

Oxyceros sinensis (Randia sinensis)

Common

S

O

 

Pandanus  tectorius

Very common

T

O

 

Pericampylus glaucus

Restricted

C

O

 

Photinia benthamiana

Common

T

O

 

Phyllanthus cochinchinensis

Very common

S

F

 

Phyllanthus emblica

Very common

T

O

 

Phyllanthus reticulatus

Common

S

O

 

Phyllodium pulchellum

Very common

H

O

 

Piper hancei

Very common

C

O

 

Pothos chinensis

Very common

C

O

 

Pseudosasa cantori (Arundinaria cantorii) 

Common

S

O

 

Psychotria rubra

Very common

S

O

 

Psychotria serpens

Very common

C

O

 

Pteris dispar (P. semipinnata var. dispar)

Common

H

O

 

Pteris ensiformis

Common

H

O

 

Pterospermum heterophyllum

Restricted

T

O

 

Pueraria lobata

Very common

C

O

 

Pyrrosia lanceolata

Common

E

O

 

Quisqualis indica

Restricted

C

S

 

Reevesia thyrsoidea

Common

T

O

 

Rhapis excelsa

Common

S

S

 

Rhus succedanea

Common

T

O

 

Rourea minor

Common

C

O

 

Sageretia thea

Very common

S

F

 

Sapium discolor

Very common

T

F

 

Sapium sebiferum

Common

T

O

 

Schefflera octophylla

Very common

T

O

 

Scolopia saeva

Common

T

O

 

Scutellaria indica

Common

H

O

 

Senecio scandens

Common

C

O

 

Severinia buxifolia (Atalantia buxifolia)

Common

S

O

 

Sida rhombifolia

Common

S

S

 

Solena amplexicaulis

Very common

C

O

 

Sterculia lanceolata

Very common

T

F

 

Strophanthus divaricatus

Common

S

F

 

Strychnos angustiflora

Common

C

O

 

Synedrella nodiflora

Very common, exotics from America

H

S

 

Syzygium jambos

Common

T

O

 

Syzygium levinei

Common

T

O

 

Tarenna attenuata

Common

S

O

 

Tectaria subtriphylla

Common

H

O

 

Tetracera asiatica

Very common

C

F

 

Tetradium glabrifolium (Evodia meliifolia) 

Common

T

O

 

Thunbergia grandiflora

Common, introduced, naturalised

C

O

 

Tinospora sagittata

Restricted

C

S

 

Tristania conferta

Common, introduced

T

O

 

Tylophora ovata

Common

C

O

 

Uncaria hirsuta

Rare

C

O

 

Urceola micrantha (Parabarium micranthum, Ecdysanthera micrantha)

Rare

C

S

 

Urceola rosea (Ecdysanthera rosea)

Common

C

O

 

Urena lobata

Common

S

O

 

Uvaria calamistrata

Rare

C

S

 

Uvaria grandiflora

Restricted

C

O

 

Uvaria microcarpa

Common

C

O

 

Vitex quinata

Common

T

O

 

Vitis balanseana

Restricted

C

S

 

Xenostegia tridentata (Merremia hastata)

Very rare

C

S

 

Zanthoxylum avicennae

Common

T

O

 

Zanthoxylum nitidum

Very common

C

O

 

 

 


Table G-2        Plant Species Recorded in Tall Shrubland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local Abundance

Remark

Antirhea chinensis

Very common

S

F

 

Bauhinia glauca

Very common

C

F

 

Breynia fruticosa

Very common

S

F

 

Carex cruciata

Very common

H

F

 

Cassytha filiformis

Very common

C

F

 

Cheilosoria tenuifolia (Cheilanthes tenuifolia)

Common

H

F

 

Embelia laeta

Very common

S

F

 

Eurya nitida (E. japonica)

Very common

S

F

 

Gahnia tristis

Very common

H

F

 

Glochidion eriocarpum

Very common

S

F

 

Ilex asprella

Very common

S

F

 

Ischaemum barbatum

Very common

H

F

 

Ischaemum ciliare

Very common

H

F

 

Liriope spicata

Very common

H

F

 

Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia

Very common

S

F

 

Lygodium flexuosum

Very common

C

F

 

Melastoma sanguineum

Common

S

F

 

Millettia nitida

Very common

C

F

 

Miscanthus sinensis

Very common

H

F

 

Paederia foetida (P. scandens)

Very common

C

F

 

Phyllanthus cochinchinensis

Very common

S

F

 

Phyllanthus emblica

Very common

T

F

 

Pseudosasa cantori (Arundinaria cantorii) 

Common

S

F

 

Psychotria serpens

Very common

C

F

 

Rhaphiolepis indica

Very common

S

F

 

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Very common

S

F

 

Scleria levis (S. hebecarpa, S. pubescens)

Common

H

F

 

Scleria lithosperma

Restricted

H

F

 

Smilax glabra

Very common

C

F

 

Stenoloma chusanum (Sphenomeris chinensis) 

Very common

H

F

 

Strophanthus divaricatus

Common

S

F

 

Tetracera asiatica

Very common

C

F

 

Alyxia sinensis

Common

C

O

 

Ampelopsis cantoniensis

Very common

C

O

 

Antidesma japonicum

Common

S

O

 

Aporosa dioica

Very common

T

O

 

Aquilaria sinensis

Common

T

O

 

Ardisia lindleyana (A. punctata)

Common

S

O

 

Aster baccharoides

Very common

H

O

 

Blechnum orientale

Very common

H

O

 

Bothriochloa glabra

Common

H

O

 

Bridelia tomentosa

Very common

T

O

 

Brucea javanica

Common

S

O

 

Caesalpinia crista (C. nuga)

Very common

C

O

 

Cansjera rheedii

Restricted

S

O

 

Casuarina equisetifolia

Common, introduced

T

O

 

Celastrus hindsii

Very common

C

O

 

Clematis chinensis

Restricted

C

O

 

Cratoxylum cochinchinense

Very common

T

O

 

Cyclobalanopsis glauca

Rare

T

O

 

Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia

Common

T

O

 

Daphniphyllum calycinum

Common

S

O

 

Dendrotrophe frutescen

Very common

C

O

 

Dicranopteris pedata (D. dichotoma, D. linearis)

Very common

H

O

 

Dimeria ornithopoda

Common

H

O

 

Diospyros vaccinioides

Very common

S

O

 

Diploclisia glaucescens

Common

C

O

 

Diplospora dubia (Tricalysia dubia)

Common

S

O

 

Embelia ribes

Common

C

O

 

Emelia sonchifolia

Very common

H

O

 

Eriachne pallescens

Very common

H

O

 

Eriocaulon merrillii

Common

H

O

 

Eriocaulon sexangulare

Very common

H

O

 

Eulalia quadrinervis

Very common

H

O

 

Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)

Very common

H

O

 

Eurya chinensis

Very common

S

O

 

Ficus hirta

Common

S

O

 

Ficus microcarpa

Common

T

O

 

Ficus variolosa

Very common

S

O

 

Fuirena ciliaris

Restricted

H

O

 

Fuirena umbellata

Common

H

O

 

Garcinia oblongifolia

Very common

T

O

 

Glochidion hirsutum

Common

T

O

 

Gmelina chinensis

Common

T

O

Protected in Guangdong

Gnetum luofuense (G. montanum)

Very common

C

O

 

Gordonia axillaris

Very common

T

O

 

Grewia biloba

Common

S

O

 

Gymnema sylvestre

Very common

C

O

 

Hedyotis acutangula

Very common

H

O

 

Helicteres angustifolia

Very common

S

O

 

Hypserpa nitida

Very common

C

O

 

Ilex memecylifolia

Common

S

O

 

Ilex pubescens

Very common

S

O

 

Itea chinensis

Very common

S

O

 

Jasminum lanceolaria

Very common

C

O

 

Lithocarpus glaber

Common

T

O

 

Litsea glutinosa

Very common

T

O

 

Lonicera macrantha

Common

C

O

 

Lophatherum gracile

Very common

H

O

 

Machilus velutina

Common

T

O

 

Mallotus paniculatus

Very common

T

O

 

Mallotus repandus

Common

S

O

 

Microcos paniculata

Common

T

O

 

Millettia speciosa

Common

C

O

 

Nepenthes mirabilis

Common

H

O

Protected in HK

Palhinhaea cernua (Lycopodium cernuum)

Very common

H

O

 

Pericampylus glaucus

Restricted

C

O

 

Pinus massoniana

Common

T

O

 

Psychotria rubra

Very common

S

O

 

Pteris ensiformis

Common

H

O

 

Pyrrosia lanceolata

Common

E

O

 

Rhus hypoleuca

Common

S

O

 

Rhus succedanea

Common

T

O

 

Rhynchospora rugosa

Restricted

H

O

 

Rhynchospora rugosa

Restricted

H

O

 

Rourea microphylla

Common

C

O

 

Schefflera octophylla

Very common

T

O

 

Scolopia saeva

Common

T

O

 

Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Sideroxylon wightianum) 

Common

S

O

 

Sterculia lanceolata

Very common

T

O

 

Strychnos angustiflora

Common

C

O

 

Strychnos umbellata

Common

C

O

 

Styrax suberifolius

Common

T

O

 

Syzygium buxifolium

Common

S

O

 

Tarenna attenuata

Common

S

O

 

Trema tomentosa (T. orientalis)

Common

S

O

 

Uvaria microcarpa

Common

C

O

 

Vitex negundo

Common

S

O

 

Xyris indica

Restricted

H

O

 

Zanthoxylum avicennae

Common

T

O

 

Zanthoxylum nitidum

Very common

C

O

 

Artocarpus hypargyreus

Common

T

S

Class III National Protection

Berchemia racemosa

Common

S

S

 

Cleisostoma simondii (C. williamsonii, C. teres, Sarcanthus teretifolius)

Very common

E

S

Protected in HK

Mallotus apelta

Common

S

S

 

Ormosia semicastrata

Restricted

T

S

 

Youngia japonica (Crepis japonica )

Very common

H

S

 


Table G-3        Plant Species Recorded in Shrubland and Grassland Mixture

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local Abundance

Dicranopteris pedata (D. dichotoma, D. linearis)

Very common

H

A

Eulalia quadrinervis

Very common

H

A

Ischaemum barbatum

Very common

H

A

Arundinella setosa

Very common

H

F

Aster baccharoides

Very common

H

F

Carex cruciata

Very common

H

F

Cymbopogon caesius

Very common

H

F

Cymbopogon hamatulus

Very common

H

F

Embelia laeta

Very common

S

F

Eriachne pallescens

Very common

H

F

Eurya nitida (E. japonica)

Very common

S

F

Helicteres angustifolia

Very common

S

F

Imperata cylindrica

Very common

H

F

Inula cappa

Common

H

F

Ischaemum ciliare

Very common

H

F

Palhinhaea cernua (Lycopodium cernuum)

Very common

H

F

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Very common

S

A

Scleria levis (S. hebecarpa, S. pubescens)

Common

H

F

Solidago virgo-aurea

Common

H

F

Alpinia galangas

Restricted

H

O

Alyxia sinensis

Common

C

O

Anisopappus chinensis

Common

H

O

Blechnum orientale

Very common

H

O

Bothriochloa glabra

Common

H

O

Cratoxylum cochinchinense

Very common

T

O

Dianella ensifolia

Very common

H

O

Diospyros vaccinioides

Very common

S

O

Eremochloa ciliaris

Very common

H

O

Eriocaulon sexangulare

Very common

H

O

Eurya chinensis

Very common

S

O

Ficus variolosa

Very common

S

O

Fimbristylis dichotoma

Very common

H

O

Fuirena ciliaris

Restricted

H

O

Fuirena umbellata

Common

H

O

Gahnia tristis

Very common

H

O

Hedyotis acutangula

Very common

H

O

Ilex asprella

Very common

S

O

Lepidosperma chinensis

Very common

H

O

Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia

Very common

S

F

Lygodium flexuosum

Very common

C

O

Lygodium scandens

Common

H

O

Millettia nitida

Very common

C

O

Morinda umbellata

Common

C

O

Paederia foetida (P. scandens)

Very common

C

O

Phoenix hanceana

Common

S

O

Phyllanthus cochinchinensis

Very common

S

O

Rhaphiolepis indica

Very common

S

O

Rhus hypoleuca

Common

S

O

Rhynchospora rugosa

Restricted

H

O

Rubus leucanthus

Common

C

O

Rubus reflexus

Very common

C

O

Scleria ciliaris (S. chinensis)

Very common

H

O

Scleria lithosperma

Restricted

H

O

Trema tomentosa (T. orientalis)

Common

S

O

Xyris indica

Restricted

H

O

Mallotus paniculatus

Very common

T

S


Table G-4        Plant Species Recorded in Wetland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Conservation status

Growth form

Local abundance

Achyranthes aspera

Common

H

O

Alternanthera sessilis

Common

H

F

Azolla imbricata

Rare

GH

O

Bacopa monnieri

Common

H

A

Berchemia lineata

Restricted

S

S

Centella asiatica

Very common

H

O

Ceratopteris thalictroides

Rare

H

S

Chrysopogon aciculatus

Very common

H

A

Colocasia esculenta

Common, introduced

H

O

Commelina diffusa (C. nudiflora)

Common

H

O

Cynodon dactylon

Very common, exotics from Africa

H

A

Cyperus haspan

Common

H

F

Cyperus malaccensis var. brevifolius

Common

H

O

Cyperus rotundus

Very common

H

A

Eclipta prostrata

Common

H

O

Eichhornia crassipes

Common, exotics from S. America

GH

F

Eleocharis dulcis

Common, introduced & naturalised

H

O

Eleocharis retroflexa ssp. chaetaria (E. chaetaria)

Restricted

H

O

Fimbristylis acuminata

Restricted*

H

O

Fimbristylis miliacea (F. littoralis)

Common

H

F

Fimbristylis schoenoides

Restricted

H

O

Fuirena ciliaris

Restricted

H

F

Fuirena umbellata

Common

H

F

Glochidion hirsutum

Common

T

O

Hydrocotyle wilfordii

Common

H

F

Hygrophila salicifolia (H. lancea)

Common

H

O

Hypericum japonicum

Very common

H

F

Isachne globosa

Very common

H

A

Juncus prismatocarpus

Common

H

O

Kyllinga nemoralis ( K. monocephala)

Very common

H

F

Lemna perpusilla (L. minor)

Common

GH

O

Lindernia antipoda

Common

H

F

Lindernia ciliata

Common

H

O

Ludwigia octovalvis

Common

H

O

Marsilea quadrifolia

Very rare

H

F

Paspalum distichum

Common

H

O

Passiflora foetida

Very common

C

O

Philydrum lanuginosum

Common

H

O

Pistia stratiotes

Common

H

O

Pogostemon auricularius

Common

H

S

Polygonum glabrum

Common

H

O

Pycreus flavidus

Common

H

O

Pycreus polystachyos (Cyperus polystachyos)

Very common

H

F

Pycreus sanguinolentus

Rare

H

O

Rhus succedanea

Common

T

O

Rotala indica

Very common

H

F

Rumex maritimus

Common

H

O

Sacciolepis indica

Very common

H

A

Salvinia natans

Rare

GH

F

Sapium sebiferum

Common

T

O

Spilanthes paniculata (S. acmella)

Common

H

O

Urena lobata

Common

S

O

 

 

 


Table G-5        Plant Species Recorded in Abandoned Farmland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Achyranthes aspera

Common

H

O

Agave vivipara

Rare, introduced & naturalized

H

S

Alternanthera sessilis

Common

H

F

Amaranthus viridis

Very common

H

O

Asclepias curassavica

Common, introduced & naturalised

H

O

Bacopa monnieri

Common

H

F

Boehmeria nivea

Restricted

S

O

Catharanthus roseus

Common, exotics from Africa

H

S

Centella asiatica

Very common

H

O

Chrysopogon aciculatus

Very common

H

A

Colocasia esculenta

Common, introduced

H

O

Cymbopogon caesius

Very common

H

O

Cynodon dactylon

Very common, exotics from Africa

H

A

Cyperus rotundus

Very common

H

A

Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Common, exotics from Africa

H

O

Desmodium heterocarpon

Very common

H

O

Desmodium triflorum

Very common

H

F

Eclipta prostrata

Common

H

O

Elephantopus scaber

Common

H

O

Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)

Very common

H

O

Ficus pumila

Very common

C

O

Fimbristylis acuminata

Rare

H

S

Fimbristylis dichotoma

Very common

H

O

Fimbristylis schoenoides

Restricted

H

O

Hedyotis biflora

Restricted

H

O

Indigofera suffruticosa

Restricted

S

O

Kyllinga nemoralis ( K. monocephala)

Very common

H

O

Lantana camara

Very common, exotics from America

S

F

Lindernia antipoda

Common

H

O

Malvastrun coromendelinum

Common

S

O

Mikania micrantha

Very common, exotics from America

C

O

Mimosa pudica

Very common

H

O

Passiflora foetida

Very common

C

O

Ricinus communis

Restricted, exotics from Africa

S

O

Rotala indica

Very common

H

O

Sapium sebiferum

Common

T

O

Scoparia dulcis

Common, exotics from America

H

O

Senna occidentalis (Cassia occidentalis )

Very common, exotics from S. America

H

O

Senna tora (Cassia tora)

Common, exotic weed of uncertain origin

H

O

Sida cordifolia

Common

H

F

Sida rhombifolia

Common

S

O

Solanum erianthum (S. verbascifolium)

Common, exotics from America

S

O

Spilanthes paniculata (S. acmella)

Common

H

O

Triumfetta rhomboidea

Common

S

O

Urena lobata

Common

S

O

Xanthium strumarium

Common, exotics from America

H

F

Zanthoxylum nitidum

Very common

C

O


Table G-6        Plant Species Recorded in Farmland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Ananas comosus

Common, introduced

H

F

Brassica chinensis

Common, introduced

H

F

Brassica parachinensis

Common, introduced

H

F

Clausena lansium

Common, introduced

T

F

Cocculus orbiculatus

Common

C

O

Daucus carota var. sativa

Common, introduced

H

F

Dimocarpus longan

Common, introduced, naturalised

T

F

Ipomoea batatas

Common, introduced

C

A

Lactuca sativa

Common, introduced

H

F

Lantana camara

Very common, exotics from America

S

F

Ludwigia adscendens

Common

GH

O

Mikania micrantha

Very common, exotics from America

C

F

Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum

Common, introduced

GH

O

Phyllanthus reticulatus

Common

S

O

Saccharum officinarum

Common, introduced

S

O

Sapium sebiferum

Common

T

O

 


Table G-7        Plant Species Recorded in Rocky Shore

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Conservation status

Growth form

Local abundance

Asparagus cochinchinensis

Common

C

O

Berchemia lineata

Restricted

S

O

Berchemia racemosa

Common

S

O

Brucea javanica

Common

S

O

Caesalpinia crista (C. nuga)

Very common

C

O

Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)

Common

C

F

Celastrus hindsii

Very common

C

O

Celtis biondii

Restricted

S

S

Cerbera manghas

Common

T

O

Cladium mariscus (C. jamaicense)

Common

H

O

Clerodendrum inerme

Common

S

F

Cryptolepis sinensis

Common

C

O

Cyperus javanicus (Mariscus albescens, M. javanicus)

Common

H

O

Desmodium heterocarpon

Very common

S

O

Diospyros vaccinioides

Very common

S

O

Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)

Very common

H

O

Ficus virens

Common

T

O

Fimbristylis dichotoma

Very common

H

O

Fimbristylis subbispicata

Common

H

F

Glochidion hirsutum

Common

T

O

Grewia biloba

Common

S

O

Gymnema sylvestre

Very common

C

O

Gynura divaricata

Very common

H

O

Heteropogon contortus

Very common

H

F

Ilex asprella

Very common

S

O

Ischaemum barbatum

Very common

H

F

Lantana camara

Very common, exotics from America

S

O

Limonium sinense

Common

H

O

Liriope spicata

Very common

H

F

Litsea glutinosa

Very common

T

O

Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia

Very common

S

F

Mallotus repandus

Common

S

O

Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum repens)

Very common

H

O

Morinda umbellata

Common

C

O

Opuntia dillenii

Common, exotics from America

S

S

Oxalis corniculata

Very common

H

O

Paliurus ramosissimus

Common

S

O

Pandanus  tectorius

Very common

T

O

Pericampylus glaucus

Restricted

C

O

Premna serratifolia

Common

S

O

Pyrrosia lanceolata

Common

E

O

Rhamnus leptophylla

Rare

S

S

Rhaphiolepis indica

Very common

S

O

Sageretia thea

Very common

S

F

Scaevola taccada

Very common

S

O

Scleria ciliaris (S. chinensis)

Very common

H

O

Scleria lithosperma

Restricted

H

F

Setaria pumila (S. glauca)

Very common

H

O

Severinia buxifolia (Atalantia buxifolia)

Common

S

F

Sida cordifolia

Common

H

O

Smilax china

Very common

S

F

Strophanthus divaricatus

Common

S

O

Trachelospermum jasminoides

Restricted

C

S

Tylophora ovata

Common

C

O

Wikstroemia nutans

Common

S

O

Xyris indica

Restricted

H

O

 

 


Table G-8        Plant Species Recorded in Sandy Beach

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Abrus precatorius

Common

C

O

Alysicarpus vaginalis

Very common

H

F

Anisomeles indica

Common

H

O

Apluda mutica

Very common

H

O

Caesalpinia bonduc

Restricted

C

F

Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)

Common

C

F

Catharanthus roseus

Common, exotics from Africa

H

S

Clerodendrum inerme

Common

S

O

Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum (C. latifolium)

Restricted

H

O

Crotalaria pallida (C. mucronata)

Common

H

O

Crotalaria retusa

Restricted

H

O

Cuscuta japonica

Common

C

O

Cyperus stoloniferus

Common

H

F

Digitaria heterantha

Common

H

F

Indigofera hirsuta

Common

S

O

Ipomoea pes-caprae (I. brasiliensis)

Common

C

A

Ixeris japonica

Common

H

F

Launaea sarmentosa

Very common

H

F

Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum repens)

Very common

H

O

Opuntia dillenii

Common, exotics from America

S

S

Panicum brevifolium

Very common

H

F

Paspalum vaginatum

Common

H

F

Ricinus communis

Restricted, exotics from Africa

S

O

Scaevola taccada

Very common

S

O

Senna occidentalis (Cassia occidentalis )

Very common, exotics from S. America

H

O

Sida cordifolia

Common

H

O

Spinifex littoreus

Common

H

O

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Common, exotics from America

H

F

Tridax procumbens

Very common, exotics from America

H

F

Urochloa mutica (Brachiaria mutica)

Common

H

O

Vitex rotundifolia

Common

S

A

Wedelia biflora

Common

H

F


Table G-9        Plant Species Recorded in Backshore Shrubland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Conservation status

Growth form

Local abundance

Abrus precatorius

Common

C

O

Achyranthes aspera

Common

H

O

Agave vivipara

Rare, introduced & naturalized

H

O

Anisomeles indica

Common

H

O

Asparagus cochinchinensis

Common

C

O

Berchemia lineata

Rare

S

O

Bischofia javanica

Common

T

S

Bridelia tomentosa

Very common

T

O

Caesalpinia bonduc

Restricted

C

A

Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)

Common

C

F

Casuarina equisetifolia

Common, introduced

T

F

Catharanthus roseus

Common, exotics from Africa

H

S

Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)

Common

T

O

Cerbera manghas

Common

T

O

Clematis chinensis

Restricted

C

O

Clerodendrum inerme

Common

S

O

Cratoxylum cochinchinense

Very common

T

O

Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum (C. latifolium)

Restricted

H

O

Crotalaria pallida (C. mucronata)

Common

H

O

Cynodon dactylon

Very common, exotics from Africa

H

F

Eleusine indica

Very common, exotics from Africa

H

O

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Acanthopanax trifoliatus)

Restricted

C

O

Imperata cylindrica

Very common

H

O

Lantana camara

Very common, exotics from America

S

F

Macaranga tanarius

Common

T

O

Malvastrun coromendelinum

Common

S

O

Mikania micrantha

Very common, exotics from America

C

O

Pandanus  tectorius

Very common

T

A

Phragmites australis (P. communis)

Very common

H

S

Premna serratifolia

Common

S

O

Pteris ensiformis

Common

H

O

Ricinus communis

Restricted, exotics from Africa

S

O

Sageretia thea

Very common

S

F

Sapium sebiferum

Common

T

O

Scolopia chinensis

Common

T

S

Senna occidentalis (Cassia occidentalis )

Very common, exotics from S. America

H

O

Senna tora (Cassia tora)

Common, exotic weed of uncertain origin

H

O

Severinia buxifolia (Atalantia buxifolia)

Common

S

O

Sida cordifolia

Common

H

F

Sida rhombifolia

Common

S

O

Stephenia longa

Common

C

O

Urena lobata

Common

S

O

Vitex negundo

Common

S

F

Xanthium strumarium

Common, exotics from America

H

F

 


Table G-10      Plant Species Recorded in Mangrove

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Abrus precatorius

Common

C

O

Acanthus ilicifolius

Common

S

O

Aegiceras corniculatum

Common

S

O

Bruguiera gymnorhiza

Restricted

T

O

Caesalpinia bonduc

Restricted

C

F

Cassytha filiformis

Very common

C

O

Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)

Common

T

O

Clerodendrum inerme

Common

S

O

Cocculus orbiculatus

Common

C

O

Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum (C. latifolium)

Restricted

H

O

Cryptolepis sinensis

Common

C

F

Cynodon dactylon

Very common, exotics from Africa

H

O

Cyperus malaccensis var. brevifolius

Common

H

O

Dalbergia candenatensis (D. torta) 

Restricted

S

O

Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)

Very common

H

O

Excoecaria agallocha

Common

T

A

Gymnema sylvestre

Very common

C

O

Hibiscus tiliaceus

Very common

T

O

Kandelia candel

Very common

T

O

Limonium sinense

Common

H

O

Litsea glutinosa

Very common

T

O

Paliurus ramosissimus

Common

S

O

Pandanus  tectorius

Very common

T

F

Premna serratifolia

Common

S

O

Scaevola taccada

Very common

S

O

Scolopia chinensis

Common

T

O

Thespesia populnea

Restricted

T

F

Zoysia sinica

Common

H

F

 


Table G-11      Plant Species Recorded in Brackish Mudflat

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Aegiceras corniculatum

Common

S

O

Clerodendrum inerme

Common

S

O

Cyperus stoloniferus

Common

H

A

Excoecaria agallocha

Common

T

O

Paspalum vaginatum

Common

H

F

Sesuvium portulacastrum

Common

H

F

Thespesia populnea

Restricted

T

O

Zoysia sinica

Common

H

A

 


Table G-12      Plant Species Recorded in Plantation

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Acacia confusa

Common, introduced

T

F

Alocasia macrorrhiza

Very common

H

O

Ananas comosus

Common, introduced

H

F

Averrhoa carambola

Common, introduced

T

O

Bambusa sp.

Cultivated only

T

O

Bischofia javanica

Common

T

O

Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)

Common

T

F

Citrus grandis (C. maxima)

Common, introduced

T

O

Clausena lansium

Common, introduced

T

F

Desmodium heterocarpon

Very common

S

O

Dimocarpus longan

Common, introduced, naturalised

T

F

Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)

Very common

H

F

Litchi chinensis

Common, introduced

T

F

Macaranga tanarius

Common

T

O

Mangifera indica

Common, introduced

T

O

Melaleuca leucadendron

Common, introduced

T

O

Melia azedarach

Common

T

F

Mimosa pudica

Very common

H

O

Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum

Common, introduced

GH

F

Ottochloa nodosa var. micrantha (O. malabarica) 

Very common

H

O

Paederia foetida (P. scandens)

Very common

C

O

Passiflora foetida

Very common

C

O

Plumbago zeylanica

Restricted

H

O

Pothos chinensis

Very common

C

O

Pteris ensiformis

Common

H

O

Pteris multifida

Very common

H

O

Pueraria lobata

Very common

C

O

Sageretia thea

Very common

S

O

Sapium sebiferum

Common

T

O

Zanthoxylum nitidum

Very common

C

O

 


Table G-13      Plant Species Recorded in Wasteland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Abrus precatorius

Common

C

O

Acacia confusa

Common, introduced

T

O

Achyranthes aspera

Common

H

O

Alternanthera sessilis

Common

H

O

Artemisia verlotiorum (A. vulgaris)

Restricted

H

O

Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)

Common

C

O

Cardiospermum halicacabum

Restricted, exotics from America

C

O

Cynodon dactylon

Very common, exotics from Africa

H

A

Desmodium triflorum

Very common

H

O

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Acanthopanax trifoliatus)

Restricted

C

O

Eragrostis amabilis (E. tenella)

Very common

H

F

Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)

Very common

H

F

Ficus hispida

Very common

T

O

Indigofera suffruticosa

Restricted

S

O

Ipomoea cairica

Very common

C

F

Ipomoea mauritiana (I. digitata)

Restricted

C

S

Lantana camara

Very common, exotics from America

S

F

Litsea glutinosa

Very common

T

F

Macaranga tanarius

Common

T

O

Mallotus paniculatus

Very common

T

S

Malvastrun coromendelinum

Common

S

F

Mikania micrantha

Very common, exotics from America

C

F

Mimosa pudica

Very common

H

O

Mirabilis jalapa

Common, introduced

S

O

Miscanthus floridulus

Common

H

O

Neyraudia arundinacea (N. reynaudiana)

Very common

H

F

Paederia foetida (P. scandens)

Very common

C

O

Sageretia thea

Very common

S

F

Sida cordifolia

Common

H

F

Sida rhombifolia

Common

S

O

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Common, exotics from America

H

F

Triumfetta rhomboidea

Common

S

O


Table G-14      Plant Species Recorded in Buildup Area

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

 

Plant species

Status

Growth form

Local abundance

Abutilon indicum

Restricted

S

O

Acacia confusa

Common, introduced

T

F

Achyranthes aspera

Common

H

O

Alocasia macrorrhiza

Very common

H

F

Amaranthus viridis

Very common

H

O

Anisomeles indica

Common

H

O

Annona squamosa

Common, introduced

S

O

Bauhinia purpurea

Common, introduced

T

O

Bidens pilosa

Very common, exotics from America

H

F

Bothriochloa glabra

Common

H

O

Bougainvillea glabra

Common, introduced

S

O

Bridelia tomentosa

Very common

T

O

Carica papaya

Common, introduced

T

O

Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)

Common

T

O

Cissus repens

Restricted

C

O

Citrus madurensis

Common, introduced

S

O

Clausena lansium

Common, introduced

T

O

Cocos nucifera

Restricted, introduced

T

S

Delonix regia

Common, introduced

T

O

Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)

Very common

H

F

Ficus hispida

Very common

T

O

Ficus microcarpa

Common

T

O

Ficus virens

Common

T

S

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Common, introduced

S

O

Hylocereus undatus

Common, introduced

C

O

Ipomoea cairica

Very common

C

F

Kyllinga nemoralis ( K. monocephala)

Very common

H

F

Lantana camara

Very common, exotics from America

S

F

Macaranga tanarius

Common

T

O

Mallotus paniculatus

Very common

T

O

Melaleuca leucadendron

Common, introduced

T

O

Melia azedarach

Common, introduced & naturalised

T

O

Michelia alba

Common, introduced

T

O

Mikania micrantha

Very common, exotics from America

C

F

Mirabilis jalapa

Common, introduced

S

O

Miscanthus floridulus

Common

H

O

Murraya exotica

Common, introduced

S

O

Nerium indicum

Common, introduced

S

O

Neyraudia arundinacea (N. reynaudiana)

Very common

H

F

Pandanus  tectorius

Very common

T

S

Passiflora foetida

Very common

C

O

Phyllanthus reticulatus

Common

S

O

Psidium guajava

Common, introduced & naturalised

T

O

Pueraria lobata

Very common

C

O

Ricinus communis

Restricted, exotics from Africa

S

O

Senna tora (Cassia tora)

Common, exotic weed of uncertain origin

H

O

Sida rhombifolia

Common

S

F

Solanum erianthum (S. verbascifolium)

Common, exotics from America

S

O

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Common, exotics from America

H

F

Thevetia peruviana

Common, introduced

S

O


Table G-15      List of Mammal Recorded within the Study Area

 

Scientific Name

Location/ Habitat

Abundance

Local Status

Species recorded

 

 

 

Unidentified bat

Near brackish mudflat

2

All bats are protected

Japanese Pipistrelle Pipistrellus abramus

Wasteland near Ham Tin

1

All bats are protected

Species likely to be present

 

 

Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata

 

 

 

Barking Deer Muntiacus reevesi

 

 

 

Wild Boar Sus scrofa

 

 

 

 


Table G-16      Results of Point Count (Bird) within the Study Area

 

Scientific Name

Common Name

Habitat*

Abundance

 

 

 

October

November

December

Crested Myna

Acridotheres cristatellus

Wet

 

 

17

Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

M, BM, RS

 

1

1

Common Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

M, BM

1

 

1

White-breasted Waterhen

Amaurornis phoenicurus

Wet

1

4

1

Olive-backed Pipit

Anthus hodgsoni

SG, F

 

3

 

Chinese Pond Heron

Ardeola bacchus

Wet

2

1

3

Cattle Egret

Bubulcus ibis

Wet

3

 

 

Oriental Magpie Robin

Copsychus saularis

M, BM, F, SG

3

2

1

Large-billed Crow

Corvus macrorhynchus

F

1

 

 

Little Egret

Egretta garzetta

Wet

1

2

1

Intermediate Egret

Egretta intermedia

Wet

1

1

 

Masked Laughingthrush

Garrulax perspicillatus

F

3

 

 

Black-capped Kingfisher

Halcyon pileata

S

 

1

 

White-throated Kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis

M, BM, F

 

1

1

Long-tailed Shrike

Lanius schach

TS

 

1

 

Black Kite

Milvus lineatus

TS

 

5

 

Blue Rock Thrush

Monticola solitarius

RS

 

1

 

White Wagtail

Motacilla alba

Wet, S, SG

2

1

6

Blue Whistling Thrush

Myophonus caeruleus

F

 

1

 

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

M, BM, F, SG, TS

5

2

4

Great Tit

Parus major

F

1

1

 

Daurian Redstart

Phoenicurus auroreus

M, BM

 

1

 

Yellow-browed Warbler

Phylloscopus inornatus

F

 

1

 

Common Magpie

Pica pica

Wet, F

4

5

6

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

M, BM, S, F, SG, TS

7

18

4

Chinese Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

M, BM, F, SG, TS

8

12

4

Spotted Dove

Streptopelia chinensis

Wet, F

3

2

2

Common Blackbird

Turdus merula

F

 

8

 

Japanese White-eye

Zosterops japonicus

M, BM, F

 

20

7

*Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, M=Mangrove, BM=Brackish mudflat, S=Stream, F=Forest, SG=Shrubland & grassland mixture, TS= Tall shrubland, RS=Rocky shore.

 


Table G-17      List of Bird Recorded within the Study Area

 

Common Name

Scientific Name

Habitat*

Status**

Crested Myna

Acridotheres cristatellus

Wet, TS, SG

R /WC

Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

M, BM, RS

W /WC

Common Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

Wet, M, BM, S

PM, W, R /WC

White-breasted Waterhen

Amaurornis phoenicurus

Wet, M

R /WC

Olive-backed Pipit

Anthus hodgsoni

Wet, F, SG

W /WC

Richard’s Pipit

Anthus richardi

Wet

W, R /WC

Grey Heron

Ardea cinerea

BM

W /LC

Chinese Pond Heron

Ardeola bacchus

Wet, BM, S

R /WC

Cattle Egret

Bubulcus ibis

Wet

Su /WC

Greater Coucal #

Centropus sinensis

Wet, F, TS, SG

R /WC

Little Ringed Plover

Charadrius dubius

BM

W, R /LC

Oriental Magpie Robin

Copsychus saularis

M, BM, F, TS,  SG

R /WC

Large-billed Crow

Corvus macrorhynchus

F

R /WC

Great Egret

Egretta alba

Wet

R /LC

Little Egret

Egretta garzetta

Wet, BM, S

R /WC

Intermediate Egret

Egretta intermedia

Wet

PM, W /LR

Pacific Reef Egret #

Egretta sacra

SS

R /LC

Verditer Flycatcher

Eumyias thalassina

F

W /LR

Masked Laughingthrush

Garrulax perspicillatus

F, TS

R /WC

Black-capped Kingfisher

Halcyon pileata

Wet, M, BM, S

PM, W /LC

White-throated Kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis

M, BM, F

PM, W, R /WC

Long-tailed Shrike

Lanius schach

Wet

R /WC

Black Kite #

Milvus lineatus

Fly-over

W, R /WC

Blue Rock Thrush

Monticola solitarius

RS

R /LC

White Wagtail

Motacilla alba

Wet, S, SG

W, R /WC

Asian Brown Flycatcher

Muscicapa dauurica

F

M, W/ LC

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

M, F, TS, SG

R /WC

Great Tit

Parus major

F

R /WC

Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Passer montanus

SG

R /WC

Daurian Redstart

Phoenicurus auroreus

M, F, TS, SG

W/ LC

Arctic Warbler

Phylloscopus borealis

F

PM /LC

Dusky Warbler

Phylloscopus fuscatus

TS

W /LC

Yellow-browed Warbler

Phylloscopus inornatus

F, TS

W /WC

Common Magpie

Pica pica

Wet, M, SS, S, F, SG

R /WC

Great Crested Grebe #

Podiceps cristatus

Coastal water

W/ LR

Yellow-bellied Prinia

Prinia flaviventris

TS, SG

R /WC

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

M, F, TS, SG

R /WC

Chinese Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

M, F, TS, SG

R /WC

Siberian Stonechat

Saxicola maura

Wet

W/ LC

Spotted Dove

Streptopelia chinensis

Wet, M, F, TS, SG

W /WC

Black-collared Starling

Sturnus nigricollis

Wet, F, SG

R /WC

Red-billed Starling #

Sturnus sericeus

Wet

W /LC

Green Sandpiper

Tringa ochropus

Fly-over

W /LC

Common Blackbird

Turdus merula

F

M /LC

Japanese White-eye

Zosterops japonicus

M, F

R /WC

*Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, M=Mangrove, BM=Brackish mudflat, S=Stream, F=Forest, SG=Shrubland & grassland mixture, TS= Tall shrubland, RS=Rocky shore, SS=Sandy shore.

**Status - R=Resident, W=Winter visitor, Su=Summer visitor, PM=Passage migrant/ WC=Widespread and common, LC=Local but not uncommon, LR=Very local or rare.

# Species of ecological interest


Table G-18      List of Herpetofauna (Amphibian and Reptile) Recorded within the Study Area

 

Scientific Name

Location/ Habitat

Abundance

Local Status

Amphibian

 

 

 

Günther’s Frog Rana guentheri

Pui O Marsh and Taro Bed

Occasional

Common

Paddy Frog Rana limnocharis

Stream S1 (middle course), Pui O Marsh and wetland

Frequent

Common

Three-striped Grass Frog Rana macrodactyla

Pui O Marsh and wetland

Abundant

Common on Lantau but localised elsewhere in Hong Kong

Chinese Bullfrog Rana rugulosa

Pui O Taro Bed and wasteland beside football pitch at Pui O

Scarce

Uncommon, Class 2 protected wildlife of national importance in China (Hua and En, 1993)

Reptile

 

 

 

Changeable Lizard Calotes versicolor

Wasteland near Ham Tin

Scarce

Common

Long-tailed Skink Mabuya longicaudata

Wasteland near football pitch at Pui O

Scarce

Common

Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus

Tall shrubland near Shap Long Kau Tsuen

Scarce

Common but listed as endangered in  CRDBAR*

Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator

Wetland beside football pitch at Pui O

Scarce

Common

Red-eared Slider Trachemys scripta elegans

Stream S1 (middle course)

Scarce

Common, exotic species

* CRDBAR = China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals – Amphibia and Reptilia (Zhao, 1998).

 


Table G-19      Butterfly Species of Conservation Interest Recorded Previously within the Study Area

 

Common name

Commonness in Hong Kong*

Habitats**

Global distribution***

Food plants**

Banana Skipper Erionota torus

Uncommon

Banana grove

East to Southeast China

Musaceae, e.g. Musa paradisiaca

Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides

Uncommon

Woodland, cultivated lands

East China to Southeast Asia

Gramineae, e.g. Oryza sativa

Quaker Neopithecops zalmora

Uncommon

Lowland woodland

East China to Southeast Asia

Rutaceae, e.g. Glycosmis citrifolia

Hong Kong Lacewing Cethosia biblis

Uncommon

Lowland areas

East China to Southeast Asia

Passifloraceae, e.g. Passiflora cochinchinensis

* Walthew (1997)

** Wu (1988)

*** (Chou 1996)

 

 


Table G-20      List of Butterfly Recorded within the Study Area

 

Species

Common name

Status*

Habitat**

Abundance

 

 

 

 

October

November

Ariadne ariadne

Angled Castor

C

F, Wet, Wa, AF

12

5

Artogeia canidia

Common White

VC

F, Wet, Wa, AF

14

9

Charaxes polyxena

Tawny Rajah

C

Wet, Wa, AF

1

 

Chilades lajus

Lime Blue

VC

F, Wet, Wa, AF

7

2

Cupha erymanthis

Rustic

VC

F, S

3

2

Danaus genutia

Dark Veined Tiger

VC

F, Wet, Wa, AF

13

5

Danaus limniace

Blue Tiger

C

F

1

 

Danaus similis

Blue Glassy Tiger

VC

Wa, S

3

 

Delias pasithoe

Common Black Jezebel

C

F

 

4

Euploea midamus

Blue Spotted Crow

VC

F, S

4

1

Eurema hecabe

Common Grass Yellow

VC

F, Wet, Wa, AF, S

12

5

Faunis eumeus

Common Faun

C

F

 

4

Graphium agamemnon

Tailed Green Jay

VC

F, Wet, Wa, AF

3

3

Graphium sarpedon

Common Bluebottle

VC

Wet, Wa, AF

1

1

Hebomoia glaucippe

Great Orange Tip

C

F, Wet, Wa, AF

5

2

Heliophorus epicles

Purple Sapphire

UC

F

 

1

Hypolimnas bolina

Great Eggfly

C

F, Wet, Wa, AF, S

1

3

Ixias pyrene

Yellow Orange Tip

UC

F

1

 

Junonia almana

Peacock Pansy

C

F, Wet, Wa, AF

4

2

Junonia hierta

Yellow Pansy

UC

F

1

 

Junonia lemonias

Lemon Pansy

UC

F

1

 

Junonia orithya

Blue Pansy

UC

F

1

 

Kaniska canace

Blue Admiral

C

Wa

 

1

Lethe confusa

Common White-banded Brown

C

F

 

2

Limenitis sulpitia

Five-dot Sergeant

C

F

2

2

Melanitis leda

Common Brown Evening

C

F

1

 

Mycalesis mineus

Dark Brand Bush

VC

F

 

1

Papilio demoleus

Lime Butterfly

C

F

 

2

Papilio helenus

Red Helen

VC

F, Wa

3

2

Papilio memnon

Great Mormon

VC

F, Wa

4

2

Papilio polytes

Common Mormon

VC

F, Wet, Wa, AF

16

7

Papilio protenor

Dark Mormon

C

F

1

1

Phaedyma columella

Short-banded Sailor

C

Wa, S

2

2

Zemeros flegyas

Punchinello

C

F

 

1

*Status - VC=Very common, C=Common, UC=Uncommon

**Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, S=Stream, F=Forest, AF=Abandoned Farmland, Wa=Wasteland.

 


Table G-21      List of Odonates Recorded within the Study Area

 

Species

Status

Habitat

Abundance

 

 

 

October

November

Acisoma panorpoides

FC /W

Wet, Wa

3

 

Agriocnemis femina

A /W

Wet, Wa

7

2

Anax parthenope

C /W

Wa

2

 

Brachythemis contaminata

A /W

S

1

2

Ceriagrion auranticum

C /W

Wet, Wa

 

1

Crocothemis servilia

C /W

Wet, Wa

1

1

Diplacodes trivialis

C /W

Wet, Wa

5

2

Ischnura senegalensis

A /W

Wet, Wa, S

6

3

Neurothemis fulvia

C /W

Wet, Wa

3

 

Neurothemis tullia

FC /W

Wet, Wa

10

7

Orthetrum glaucum

A /W

Wet, Wa

 

1

Orthetrum pruinosum

A /W

Wa, S

7

 

Orthetrum sabina

A /W

Wet, Wa

52

15

Pantala flavescens

A /W

Wet, Wa, F

40

43

Tramea virginia

C /W

S

 

1

Trithemis aurora

A /W

S

2

 

Trithemis festiva

A /W

S

2

1

*Status - A=Abundant, C=Common, FC=Fairly common, W=Widespread (Wilson 1995, 1997)

**Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, S=Stream, F=Forest, AF=Abandoned Farmland, Wa=Wasteland.

 

 


Table G-22      List of Aquatic Fauna Recorded within the Study Area

Scientific Name

Location/ Habitat

Abundance

Local Status

Fish

 

 

 

Anguilla japonica

Stream S2 (upper course)

Scarce

Common

Parazacco spilurus

Stream S1 (upper course)

Frequent

Common, listed as vulnerable in CRDBP*

Capoeta semifasciolata

Stream S1 & S2 (upper course) and Pui O Marsh 

Frequent

Common

Liniparhomaloptera disparis

Stream S2 (upper course)

Frequent

Common

Gambusia affinis

Stream S1 (middle course), wetland and Pui O Marsh

Abundant

Common

Mugil cephalus

Stream S2 & S3 (lower course)

Abundant

Common

Ambassis gymnocephalus

Stream S2 (lower course)

Abundant

Common

Lateolabrax japonicus

Stream S2 (lower course)

Occasional

Common

Oreochromis niloticus

Stream S1 & S2 (lower course) and wetland

Abundant

Common

Gerres filamentosus

Stream S2 (lower course)

Frequent

Common

Sparus berda

Stream S2 (lower course)

Occasional

Common

Therapon jarbua

Stream S2 and S3 (lower course)

Abundant

Common

Scatophagus argus

Stream S2 (lower course)

Frequent

Common

Mugilogobius abei

Stream S2 (lower course)

Frequent

Common

Glossogobius giuris

Stream S1 & S2 (upper course)

Frequent

Common

Stigmatogobius javanicus

Stream S2 and S3 (lower course)

Abundant

Common

Ctenogobius duospilus

Stream S1 & S2 (upper course)

Frequent

Common

Ctenogobius giurinus

Stream S1 & S2 (upper course)

Frequent

Common

Periophthalmus cantonensis

Brackish mudflat

Abundant

Common

Macropodus opercularis

 

Stream S1 (upper course) and wetland

Abundant

Common but declining

Invertebrates

 

 

 

Buffalo leech Poecilobdella assimilis

Pui O Marsh and Taro Bed

Occasional

Common

Atyid shrimp Caridina apodosis.

Pui O Taro Bed

Occasional

Common

Atyid shrimp Caridina serrata

Stream 4

Abundant

Rare and endemic

Mitten crab Eriocheir japonicus

Pui O Marsh

Occasional

Uncommon

Palamonid shrimp Macrobrachium sp.

Stream S3

Occasional

Common

Sesarmine crab Sesarmops sinensis

Stream S4

Occasional

Common

Sesarmine crab Pseudosesarma patshuni

Stream S3

Frequent

Common

* CRDB = China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals – Pisces  (Yue and Chen, 1998).