5 NOISE IMPACT

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 This section presents an assessment of the potential noise impacts arising from the construction and operation of the proposed Wholesale Fish Market at Tuen Mun Area 44. This noise impact assessment was conducted in full compliance with the criteria and guidelines for evaluating and assessing noise impact as stated in Annexes 5 and 13 of the Technical Memorandum on the Environmental Impact Assessment Process (hereafter referred to as the TMEIA), respectively.

5.2 Background Noise Climate

5.2.1 The “Assessment Area” for the noise impact assessment has included all areas within 300m from the boundary of the project site, which is shown in Figure 5.1. The assessment area has been reduced accordingly since the first layer of noise sensitive receivers, those located closer than 300m from the project boundary, will provide acoustic shielding to those receivers at further distance behind. The reduced assessment area is shown in Figure 5.2.

5.2.2 Site surveys were conducted to study the background noise climate of the Assessment Area for the noise impact assessment. As the background noise levels vary with time of the day, the time of interest for the study is the early morning period in view of the fact that it represents the most sensitive hours of the day and coincides with the normal operation hours of the proposed WFM.

5.2.3 A background noise survey was conducted to investigate the existing noise levels in the vicinity of the proposed WFM. In-situ noise measurements were taken at three representative locations near the subject site during the peak-hour operation period (from 3:00am ~ 6:30am) of the proposed WFM for fish auction and wholesale activities. The background noise survey report is appended in Appendix 5.1. A background noise level of L_eq 56.8dB(A) was recorded near Yuet Wu Villa.

5.3 Identification of Potential Noise Impacts

The potential noise impacts associated with the construction and operational phases of the proposed WFM are identified and described in this section.

Construction Phase

5.3.1 Noise impacts arising from construction of the proposed WFM are mainly due to the use of power mechanical equipment (PME) for various construction activities. As mentioned in Section 4.3.1, the construction work for the WFM will be divided into two phases for foundation and superstructure construction, which is anticipated to last for 9 months and 17 months respectively. The construction activities that are likely to cause noise impacts include excavation, piling and concreting. The potential noise impact during the construction phase of the WFM was assessed quantitatively as detailed in Section 5.6.

Operational Phase

5.3.2 Noise impact may arise from auction activities of the proposed WFM. The peak hours for fish auction and wholesale activities at the proposed WFM are from 3:00am - 6:30am.

5.3.3 Daytime operations of the WFM, may generate noise impact from the operation of fish carriers unloading live seafood and boxed fish at the seafront of the market and loading onto waiting vehicles. Activities related to transfer of live seafood and boxed fish shall take place during 7:00am to 2:30pm.

5.3.4 Since the proposed WFM at Area 44 is to replace the existing temporary WFM at Tuen Mun Area 27, the operation characteristics and facilities at the proposed WFM will be similar to that of the existing one. Therefore, reference is made to the operation of the existing temporary WFM at Tuen Mun Area 27 in assessing the potential noise impacts due to the operation of the proposed WFM on the surroundings.

5.3.5 Based on the observations at the existing temporary WFM at Tuen Mun Area 27 during its peak-hour operation, the activities inside the proposed WFM that are likely to cause noise emission include loading and unloading of fish containers from vessels, weighting, auction and marshalling activities, loading of fish containers onto lorries, and lorry parking. It was also observed that the auction and marshalling activities were mainly conducted by means of writing notes on paper instead of verbal communication, thus human shouting noise is not likely to be a concern. On the other hand, the proposed WFM is equipped with a public addressing system, which will only be used in case of emergency.

5.3.6 Off-site activities which may give rise to noise impacts include lorry approaching and leaving the proposed WFM, manoeuvring and mooring of marine vessels at the WFM as well as the traffic of marine vessels using the WFM.

5.3.7 Apart from the above, noise impact may also be caused by the operation of the building services equipment of the proposed WFM. These building services equipment include seawater cooling chillers, extraction fans and mechanical ventilation systems for the WFM and RCPs.

5.4 Determination of Noise Sensitive Receivers

5.4.1 With reference to Annex 13 of the TM, noise sensitive receivers (NSRs) has been identified within the assessment area as indicated in Figure 5.1. These NSRs included all existing NSRs and all planned/committed noise sensitive developments and uses earmarked on the relevant Outline Zoning Plans and development layout plans. Their locations and references are shown in Figure 5.3 and Table 5.1 below:-

Table 5.1 Identified Noise Sensitive Receivers within 300m from the Subject Site

NSR ID	Use	Building Name
1	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 1
2	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 2
3	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 3
4	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 4
5	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 5
6	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 6
7	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 7
8	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 8
9	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 9
10	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 10
11	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 11
12	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 12
13	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 13
14	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 14
15	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 15
16	Residential	Shun Hei House
17	Residential	Lok Hei House
18	Residential	Ngu Hei House
19	School	Yan Chai Hospital Low Chan Chor Si Primary School
20	Residential	Wu Tsui House
21	Residential	Wu Fai House
22	Residential	Wu Yuet House
23	Clinic	Wu Hong Clinic^1
24	Residential	Police Quarters^2
25	Other Possible Community Uses	Proposed Joint User Complex^3
26	Residential	Marina Garden^3

Note:

¹NSR 23 (Wu Hong Clinic) has air-conditioners installed at its eastern facade. The Clinic operates from 09:00 to 17:00 on weekdays and 09:00 to 13:00 on Saturdays. Since its operating hours do not coincide with that of the WFM, it is unlikely to be affected by the noise impact arising from the night time operation of the proposed WFM. However, it may be affected by the noise from the construction of the WFM during daytime. As such, NSR 23 is included in the construction noise assessment.

²Planned noise sensitive receiver.

³The Other Possible Community Uses will be installed with central air-conditionings and will not rely on opened windows for ventilation. Moreover, it will not operate coincide with the WFM, so that it is unlikely to be affected by the proposed WFM.

⁴Marina Garden is located outside the assessment area but is included for marine traffic noise assessment.

5.4.2 As discussed in Section 5.2.1, a reduced assessment area has been identified as shown in Figure 5.2. Assessment points have been selected to represent the NSRs in the reduced assessment area for detailed noise prediction. The horizontal separation distances between these representative NSRs and the subject site, and their Area Sensitivity Rating (ASRs) are shown in Table 5.2. Figure 5.4 shows the location and description with the name of building, use, and floors of each and every selected assessment point. ASR of B has been proposed for the NSRs in accordance with the TM in view of the fact that they are located in "area other than above" and being unaffected or indirectly affected by influencing factors. The ASR adopted in this EIA Report was determined based on the current situation. The Noise Control Authority shall determine the appropriate ASR taking account of the contemporary conditions / situations of adjoining land uses when enforcing Section 13 of the NCO in future. Nothing in this EIA Report shall bind the Noise Control Authority in the context of law enforcement against all the fixed noise sources being assessed.

Table 5.2 Assessment Points of the Representative NSRs

NSR ID	Use	Building Name	Horizontal distance from the site, m	Floors	Area Sensitivity Ratings^1 (ASR)
1a	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 1	93	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
1b	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 1	94	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
2	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 2	120	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
3	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 3	160	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
4	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 4	198	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
5	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 5	242	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
13	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 13	165	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
14	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 14	122	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
15a	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 15	105	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
15b	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 15	85	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
15c	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 15	82	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
15d	Residential	Yuet Wu Villa Block 15	85	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
20a	Residential	Wu Tsui House	220	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
20b	Residential	Wu Tsui House	218	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
21	Residential	Wu Fai House	235	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
23	Clinic	Wu Hong Clinic^2	90	1/F	B
24a	Residential	Police Quarters^3	136	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
24b	Residential	Police Quarters^3	118	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	B
26	Residential	Marina Garden^4	420	1/F	B

Note:

¹The Area Sensitivity Ratings assigned to the NSRs are only applicable to fixed noise assessment.

²Eastern facades of the Wu Hong Clinic (Tuen Mun) are installed with air-conditioners. The Clinic only open daytime out-patient services and its operation hours do not coincide with that of the WFM. As such, it is excluded from the operational phase noise impact assessments.

³Planned noise sensitive receiver

⁴Marina Garden is located outside the assessment area but is included for marine traffic noise assessment.

5.5 Assessment Methodology

Construction Phase

5.5.1 Construction noise levels are predicted at the identified noise sensitive receivers for both the foundation and superstructure work stages in order to assess the project feasibility during the planning stage and to identify if there are any potential constraints on the works programme or the use of construction equipment.

5.5.2 The tentative construction programme for the proposed WFM complex extends for 26 months. It is anticipated that evening or night time construction work is not required. Therefore, the potential noise impacts of construction works during restricted hours were not assessed within this EIA study. Notwithstanding the above, for any construction works to be carried out during the restricted hours, the Contractor will be required to submit CNP applications to the Noise Control Authority and has the responsibility to ensure compliance with the conditions of CNP, if issued. The Noise Control Authority would determine whether to issue a CNP upon receipt of application according to the procedures laid down in the relevant technical memoranda issued under the NCO.

5.5.3 The potential noise impacts on the nearby sensitive receivers arising from the construction of the proposed WFM during non-restricted hours were assessed. The construction noise impact assessment was carried out based on acoustic principles and practices, following the methodology given in the Section 2 of the Technical Memorandum on Noise from Construction Works other than Percussive Piling of the Noise Control Ordinance and the British Standards (BS) 5228: Part 1, where appropriate. To preserve conservatism, the likely noise screening effects provided by the hoarding along the site boundary were not taken into account in the construction noise prediction. Sample construction noise calculation is given at Appendix 5.2.

5.5.4 The ArchSD will install non-percussive piling to meet environmental and engineering concerns, which will create considerably less noise impact when compared to the driven piles. The preliminary equipment schedule adopted in the assessment has been confirmed to be in line with the tentative construction programme and all construction works would be carried out during non-restricted hours. An inventory of noise sources during the construction of the proposed WFM is given in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3 Inventory of Noise sources – During Construction

Equipment		Reference		SWL, dB(A)		No. of units
Foundation Stage
Air Compressor		CNP 002		102		1
Generator, silenced		CNP 102		100		2
Excavator		CNP 081		112		2
Lorry		CNP 141		112		2
Mobile Crane		CNP 048		112		3
Piling, Earth Auger, Auger		CNP 167		114		2
Concrete Lorry Mixer		CNP 044		109		1
Superstructure Stage
Air Compressor		CNP 002		102		1
Generator, silenced	CNP 102		100		2
Concrete pump	CNP 047		109		1
Concrete Lorry Mixer	CNP 044		109		3
Tower Crane	CNP 049		95		1
Vibratory Poker	CNP 170		113		4

Operational Phase

(a) Fixed Noise Sources

5.5.5 A quantitative assessment of the noise impact on the NSRs due to the fixed noise source(s) associated with the operation of the proposed WFM have been carried out. Calculations for predicted noise level have been based on assumed mechanical plant inventories and utilisation schedule for the worst-case scenario.

5.5.6 The worst-case fixed plant noise levels at the representative NSRs were predicted using standard acoustics principles and practices. Sample noise calculation is given in Appendix 5.3.

5.5.7 An inventory of fixed noise sources during the operation of the proposed WFM, including the noise from the manoeuvring/moored vessels, is given in Table 5.4. Confirmation of the validity of the inventory has been obtained from the relevant government departments/authorities. Locations of these noise sources are shown in Figure 5.5 and Figure 5.6.

Table 5.4 Inventory of Noise Sources – Operational Phase

Noise Source	Location	Source Level, dB(A)	No. of Sources
Seawater Cooling Chiller	Plant room, G/F	106^1	2
Extraction Fan	High Level of G/F Sorting Area	78^2	6
RCP Mechanical Ventilation	Roof Floor of Refuse Collection Points	101^2	2
WFM Mechanical Ventilation	At the high level of sorting area (sea fronting)	101^2	10
Material Hoist	G/F	87^3	5
Icing Machine	G/F	96^3	2
Lorries parking	G/F	84^3	40
Sampans Idling	Pier	102^3	2 vel/hr
Fish vessels Idling	Pier	102^3	9 vel/hr
Unloading of fish containers from sea vessels	Pier, G/F	93^3	4
Auction and Marshalling	G/F	94^3	4
Weighting Operation	G/F	99^3	4
Loading of fish containers to lorries	Car Park, G/F	84^3	4

¹ Sound Power Level, L_w value, to the reference power of 1 Pico watt, in dB(A),s extracted from Noise Control in Building Services (Reference 5.1).

² Sound Power Level, L_w value, to the reference power of 1 Pico watt, in dB(A), referenced from catalogue provided by the ASD.

³ Sound Power Level, L_w value, to the reference power of 1 Picowatt, in dB(A), estimated based on on-site noise survey (see Appendix 5.3).

5.5.8 To evaluate the potential cumulative fixed noise impact, existing fixed noise sources within the “Assessment Area” have been identified and included in the assessment. An inventory of the existing fixed noise sources in the vicinity of the proposed WFM is given in Table 5.5. Locations of these noise sources are shown in Figure 5.7.

Table 5.5 Inventory of Existing Fixed Noise Sources

Equipment	Location	Dimension, m	Area, m^2	No. of units
Extraction Fan	Roof Floor of Police Station	0.75 x 2	1.5	3
Extraction Fan	Roof Floor of CLP Sub-station	0.75 x 1	0.75	3
Chiller	Wu Hong Clinic	-	-	2

5.5.9 The prediction of the operational noise levels at the representative noise sensitive receiver due to the fixed noise sources was carried out for the most sensitive hours of the day, i.e. the night time period (2300-0700). Since the Wu Hong Clinic will normally be closed during the night-time period, the identified fixed noise source at the clinic was excluded in the night-time noise prediction. In addition, the emergency generator would not be operated except for emergency and maintenance during normal working hours. The noise impact during maintenance is assessed for planning purpose. As the testing of the emergency generator for maintenance would only be carried out during daytime, its contribution is not included in the assessment of the operational noise of the WFM in night-time period.

(b) Noise from Truck Traffic along Access Route

5.5.10 Potential noise impact from off-site road traffic related to the operation of the proposed WFM has been assessed. The road traffic noise calculation procedures prescribed in the "Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (1988)"[1] (CRTN) published by the Department of Transport, UK have been adopted in this assessment. The traffic noise modelling was carried out using a proprietary traffic noise model software “roadNoise”, which implements the CRTN procedures. Sample input files of the ‘roadNoise’ model used in the traffic noise prediction are given in Appendix 5.4.

5.5.11 In view of the fact that the proposed Wholesale Fish Market will operate its highest auction activities between 03:00 to 6:30 hours, the traffic noise prediction was carried out with due consideration of the night-time traffic characteristics. According to the AFCD, the maximum additional traffic flow arising from the operation of the proposed WFM is 40 lorries during its peak operation hours. The increase in traffic flow due to the operation of the proposed WFM is allocated to the existing roads according to the current pattern of traffic flow distribution at the junction and noting that the majority of the traffic approaching and leaving the WFM will be using the section of Wu Shan Road connecting the WFM and junction. Table 5.6 shows the traffic flow data adopted in the assessment of off-site road traffic noise impact. The roads within the assessment area, which were included in the prediction of off-site traffic noise impact, are illustrated in Figure 5.8.

Table 5.6 Traffic Flow within Assessment Area with the Proposed WFM in Operation

Road	Section	Peak Traffic Flow at Night Time (veh/hr)	% of Heavy Vehicles
Wu Shan Road	Lung Mun Road to Wu King Road	82	46%
Wu Shan Road	Wu Tai Circuit to Wu Chui Road	84	46%
Hoi Wong Road	Hoi Chu Road to Wu Shan Road	216	46%
Wu King Road	Wu Shan Road to Wu Chui Road	81	46%
Wu Tai Circuit	Outside WFM	40	100%
Wu Shan Road	Wu Tai Circuit to Hoi Wong Road	110	58%

5.5.12 To evaluate the potential cumulative traffic noise impact on the NSRs, existing night-time traffic noise levels were predicted based on the traffic data taken from the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) published in The Annual Traffic Census 1999[2]. Since there is no published traffic flow data for Wu King Road, traffic flow for Wu King Road was estimated by averaging the traffic flow of Wu Shan Road and Wu Chui Road. Based on the traffic flow statistics recorded along the Census boundary between Tuen Mun and Yuen Long Stations in The Annual Traffic Census, night-time traffic was found to be 0.8 % of the AADT and the percentage of heavy vehicles was found to be 40.6%. The existing traffic flow adopted in the assessment is given in Table 5.7 and the traffic flow pattern is illustrated in Figure 5.9.

Table 5.7 Existing Traffic Flow within Assessment Area

Road	Section	AADT	Traffic Flow during 03:00 to 04:00 hours (veh/hr)	% of Heavy Vehicles
Wu Shan Road	Lung Mun Road to Wu King Road	9370	75	40.6
Wu Shan Road	Wu King Road to Wu Chui Road	9580	77	40.6
Hoi Wong Road	Hoi Chu Road to Wu Shan Road	24580	197	40.6
Wu King Road	Wu Shan Road to Wu Chui Road	9253^1	74	40.6

¹Average traffic flow of Wu Shan Road and Wu Chui Road is adopted. The traffic data was provided to the Transport Department for comment & no adverse comment has been received.

(c) Marine Traffic Noise

5.5.132 Potential noise impacts arising from the marine traffic, including fishing vessels and sampans, using the proposed WFM was assessed to evaluate any potential nuisance or disturbance to the nearby residents.

5.5.14 As advised by AFCD, there will be about 18 fishing vessels and 4 to 5 sampans landing fish at the WFM during 3:00am to 5:00am. At the present market in Area 27 fishing vessels normally arrive by the early evening and berth directly at the market provided there is space at the waterfront. For the purposes of the marine traffic noise assessment it is nevertheless conservatively assumed that the majority of vessels will arrive during the early morning hours and that 2 sampans and 9 fishing vessels may arrive at the proposed WFM at the peak hour of its operation.

5.5.15 According to Marine Department (MD) the sampans and fishing vessels approaching the market range from 12 to 34 metres in length. When they are operating within the typhoon shelter, they are subject to a speed limit of 5 knots, i.e. they have to slow down before entry and proceed at a slow speed to their berths.As advised by the AFCD, there will be approximately 18 fishing vessels and 4 to 5 sampans landing fish at the WFM during 3:00am to 5:00am. It is assumed in the marine traffic noise assessment that 2 sampans and 9 fishing vessels may arrive at the proposed WFM during the peak hour of its operation.

5.5.16 A layout plan of the Tuen Mun Typhoon Shelter is given in Figure 5.11, there are fairways marked by buoys around the peripheral of the Typhoon shelter with anchorage and mooring areas in the middle. Currently, there is a self-regulated arrangement to have fishing vessels make use of the Eastern entrance of the Typhoon shelter in order to diverge the two major types of users, namely the fishing vessels and the steel barges.

5.5.17 Off-site marine traffic noise impact was predicted based on the assumed routes as shown in Figure 5.10. The assumed routes represent the shortest navigation paths taken by the fishing vessels to access the proposed WFM. According to on-site observations, majority of the fishing vessels are using the eastern entrance of the typhoon shelter when approaching and leaving the existing temporary WFM at Sam Shing Estate. Therefore, Route 1 is considered to be a likely path the fishing vessels would take when travelling to and from the proposed WFM. On the other hand, in view of the fact that vessels calling at the proposed WFM from seaward may use a more direct route via the Western Fairway, Route 2 is included in the assessment to represent the worst-case scenario.

5.5.18 The source noise levels adopted for the prediction of marine traffic noise impact were determined by on-site noise survey. A noise survey for sampans and marine fishing vessels was carried out at Tsing Shan Wan Typhoon Shelter, Tuen Mun, near the existing WFM in accordance with “ISO 2922 – 1975(E), Acoustics – Measurement of noise emitted by vessels on inland water-ways and harbors”. This International Standard specifies the conditions for measurements of the noise level and the noise spectrum emitted by vessels, it also specifies for intake or exhaust noise measurement and measurements with stationary vessels. Details of the noise survey are given in Appendix 5.5.

5.5.19 The marine traffic noise impacts, in terms of equivalent noise levels during the peak operation hour of the WFM and maximum passby noise levels of fishing vessel and sampan, were predicted at the representative NSRs using standard acoustics principles and practices. Sample marine traffic noise calculation is given in Appendix 5.5.

5.6 Prediction and Evaluation of Noise Impacts

Construction Phase

5.6.1 The maximum predicted unmitigated construction noise levels at representative NSRs are shown in Table 5.8 below.

Table 5.8 Maximum Predicted Unmitigated Construction Noise Levels at Representative NSRs

NSRs	Foundation Stage		Superstructure Stage
	Floor	Predicted Noise level, Leq (30min), dB(A)	Floor	Predicted Noise level, Leq (30min), dB(A)
1a	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	75	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	73
1b	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	75	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	73
2	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	73	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	71
3	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	71	1/F, 6/F	70
4	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	70	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	68
5	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	68	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	66
13	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	71	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	70
14	1/F, 6/F	74	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	72
15a	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	75	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	73
15b	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	76	1/F, 6/F	75
15c	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	76	1/F, 6/F	75
15d	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	75	1/F, 6/F	74
20a	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	69	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	68
20b	1/F, 6/F	70	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	68
21	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	69	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	67
23	1/F	75	1/F	74
24a	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	73	1/F, 6/F	72
24b	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	74	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	72

5.6.2 Without mitigation, the predicted construction noise levels at the representative NSRs due to foundation and superstructure construction work range from L_{eq(30 mins)} 68~76 dB(A) and 66~75 dB(A), respectively. The maximum predicted unmitigated construction noise levels (at NSR 15b & 15c, 1/F) during the foundation and superstructure construction stages are L_{eq(30 mins)}76 dB(A) and 75 dB(A), respectively.

5.6.3 For the foundation construction stage, the maximum predicted unmitigated construction noise levels at two of the representative NSRs, namely NSR 15b & 15c, exceed the non-statutory noise criterion of L_{eq(30 mins)}75dB(A) set out in the EIAO-TMTMEIA. On the other hand, the maximum predicted unmitigated construction noise levels at all of the NSRs comply with the L_{eq(30 mins)}75dB(A) noise criterion for the superstructure construction stage.

5.6.4 The assessment results indicate that the foundation construction work for the proposed WFM may give rise to unacceptable noise impact on some of the nearby NSRs if unmitigated.

Operational Phase

(a) Fixed Noise Sources

5.6.5 Prediction of noise impacts arising from fixed noise sources within the proposed WFM was conducted. The prediction results are summarized in Table 5.9. In unmitigated scenario, a maximum predicted noise level of L_{eq(30 min)} 64dB(A) due to future fixed noise sources was predicted at NSR 15b, c & d.

Table 5.9 Maximum Predicted Noise Levels due to Fixed Noise Sources

NSR ID	Predicted Noise Level, Leq (30 min), dB(A)
1a	63
1b	63
2	61
3	59
4	58
5	56
13	58
14	60-61
15a	61-62
15b	63-64
15c	63-64
15d	63-64
20a	56
20b	56
21	55
24a	60
24b	60-61

5.6.6 The ANL during the hours between 23:00 and 17:00 for ASR "B" is 55dB(A). According to Section 5.2, the prevailing background noise level was recorded to be L_eq 56.8dB(A) near Yuet Wu Villa. Since the prevailing night-time background noise level was higher than the ANL-5dB(A), the latter is adopted as the noise assessment criterion for fixed noise impact assessment. At most of the representative NSRs, despite that the predicted night time noise levels are close to or lower than the existing recorded background noise level of 56.8dB(A), the predicted unmitigated operational noise levels due to the fixed noise sources within the proposed WFM exceed the assessment criterion of L_eq 50dB(A).

5.6.7 Noise from the existing fixed noise sources has been predicted to be negligible. The cumulative noise levels due to the existing and future fixed noise sources have found to be the same as the predicted noise level due to the future fixed noise sources.

5.6.8 Without mitigation, the predicted cumulative fixed noise levels at all of the representative NSRs exceed the stipulated night-time noise criterion ANL-5dB (50dB(A)).

(b) Noise from Truck Traffic along Access Route

5.6.9 The peak hours of the WFM operation are between 3:00am to 6:30am. Predicted existing traffic noise levels at the representative NSRs based on the current night-time traffic characteristics for the hour between 3:00am to 4:00am are summarized in Table 5.10. The estimated existing traffic noise levels at the representative NSRs range from 49dB(A) to 64dB(A). The maximum estimated noise levels due to existing traffic of L₁₀ 64dB(A) was found at NSR 21.

Table 5.10 Estimated Existing Night-Time Traffic Noise Levels

NSR ID	Existing Traffic Noise Level, L10, dB(A)
1a	59
1b	60
2	60
3	59
4	57
5	52
13	51-56
14	56-57
15a	57-58
15b	59
15c	59-60
15d	58-59
20a	59-61
20b	59-61
21	61-64

5.6.10 During the peak hours of operation of the proposed WFM, additional traffic flow to the existing nearby road network of up to 40 lorries is anticipated. With the addition of these lorries to the roads in the vicinity of the proposed WFM, traffic noise levels were predicted at the representative NSRs. The predicted traffic noise levels at the representative NSRs with off-site traffic during the operation of the proposed WFM are summarized in Table 5.11 below. The predicted traffic noise levels with the off-site traffic at the representative NSRs range from 51dB(A) to 65dB(A). The highest traffic noise level of L_{10(1 hour)} 65dB(A) was predicted at NSR 21.

Table 5.11 Predicted Traffic Noise Levels with the WFM in operation

NSR ID	Predicted Off-site Traffic Noise Level, L10(1 hour), dB(A)
1a	60
1b	61
2	61
3	60
4	58
5	53
13	51-56
14	56-57
15a	58
15b	60
15c	60-61
15d	59-60
20a	59-62
20b	60-62
21	62-65
24a	56-58
24b	60-61

5.6.11 The assessment results indicate that the predicted traffic noise levels at all of the representative NSRs with the off-site traffic during the operation of the WFM are within the traffic noise criterion of L_{10(I hour)} 70dB(A).

5.6.12 By comparing the predicted existing traffic noise levels and the traffic noise levels with the off-site traffic during the operation of the WFM, it can be seen that the additional traffic due to the WFM operation will introduce very small difference in the overall traffic noise exposure of the nearby sensitive receivers.

(c) Marine Traffic Noise

5.6.13 The predicted marine traffic noise levels at the representative NSRs during the peak hour of operation of the WFM are given in Tables 5.12a & b. With Route 1, the highest predicted 1-hour equivalent continuous noise level was L_{eq(1 hour)} 48dB(A) at NSR 24b. With Route 2, the highest predicted 1-hour equivalent continuous noise level was L_{eq(1 hour)} 41dB(A) at NSRs 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 15c & 15d.

5.6.14 The predicted marine traffic noise levels at the representative NSRs during the peak hour of operation of the WFM are well below the night time prevailing background noise level of L_eq56.8dB(A) (see Section 5.2).

Table 5.12a Predicted Marine Traffic Noise Level (L_{eq(1 hour)}) – Route 1

NSR ID	1-hour Equivalent Noise Level, Leq(1 hour) dB(A)
	1/F	6/F	11/F	16/F	21/F
1b	42	42	42	42	42
2	41	41	41	41	41
3	40	40	40	40	40
4	39	39	39	39	39
5	39	39	39	39	39
15c	44	44	44	43	43
15d	43	43	43	43	43
24a	46	46	45	45	45
24b	48	48	47	47	46

Table 5.12b Predicted Marine Traffic Noise Level (L_{eq(1 hour)}) – Route 2

NSR ID	1-hour Equivalent Noise Level, Leq(1 hour), dB(A)
	1/F	6/F	11/F	16/F	21/F
1b	41	41	41	41	41
2	41	41	41	41	41
3	41	41	41	41	41
4	41	41	41	41	41
5	41	41	41	41	41
15c	41	41	41	41	41
15d	41	41	41	41	41
24a	39	39	39	39	39
24b	39	39	39	39	39

5.6.15 Generally speaking, it was not the absolute level of the marine traffic noise but the noise level relative to the ambient background noise that caused neighbours to complain about being disturbed. If the noise of concern is below the background noise level, it is considered unlikely to cause any disturbance and nuisance to the sensitive receivers. In view of the fact that the highest predicted marine traffic noise level is within the background night time noise level of L_eq56.8dB(A), it is anticipated that the off-site marine traffic noise arising from the operation of the proposed WFM will not pose any adverse impact on the nearby NSRs within the assessment area.

5.6.16 The potential marine traffic noise impact nuisance was predicted at an additional noise sensitive receiver, namely NSR 26 - the Marina Garden, which is located outside the assessment area, yet close to the assumed vessel travelling Route 2. Representative assessment point was identified within the Marina Garden, which is located about 420m to the south of the proposed WFM from the southern site boundary.

5.6.17 The predicted marine traffic noise levels at NSR 26 during the peak hour of operation of the WFM are given in Tables 5.13a & b. With Route 1, the highest predicted 1-hour equivalent continuous noise level was L_{eq(1 hour)} 38dB(A), while with Route 2, the highest predicted 1-hour equivalent continuous noise level was L_{eq(1 hour)} 47dB(A).

5.6.18 The predicted marine traffic noise levels at NSR 26 during the peak hour of operation of the WFM are well below the night-time background noise level of L_eq56.8dB(A).

Table 5.13a Predicted Marine Traffic Noise Level (L_{eq(1 hour)}) – Route 1

NSR ID	1-hour Equivalent Noise Level, Leq(1 hour), dB(A)
	1/F	6/F	11/F	16/F	21/F
26a	38	38	37	37	37
26b	36	36	36	36	36

Table 5.13b Predicted Marine Traffic Noise Level (L_{eq(1 hour)}) – Route 2

NSR ID	1-hour Equivalent Noise Level, Leq(1 hour), dB(A)
	1/F	6/F	11/F	16/F	21/F
26a	47	47	47	46	46
26b	47	47	47	46	46

5.6.19 With both Routes 1 & 2, the highest predicted marine trafficequivalentmarine traffic noise level at NSR 26 is below the prevailing night time background noise level of L_eq56.8dB(A). Therefore, it is anticipated that off-site marine traffic noise is willwould not likely to cause any unacceptable impact to this receiver.

5.6.20 Since the operation of the proposed WFM is not expected to generate additional marine traffic within the typhoon shelter, it is anticipated that the marine traffic noise exposure at nearby sensitive receivers will be similar to the present situation after the WFM come into operation.

5.6.21 In addition, loudhailer operation, if any, within or near the WFM and horn noise generated from fishing vessel approaching or leaving the proposed WFM may impose noise nuisance on the nearby residents.Marine vessel horning noise is always an intrinsic concerns associated with the operation of typhoon shelter. According to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 under the Schedule of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Signals of Distress and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations (Cap. 369N), a vessel of 12m or more in length should be fitted with a whistle or other equivalent instrument. The whistle fitted in the vessel of less than 20m should provide a sound within the range of frequencies 180-700Hz (±1%) of not less than 120dB at 1m from the whistle. For most of the fishing vessels approaching or leaving the proposed WFM should have the length between 12m and 20m, it is expected that they should be fitted with the whistle with the above-mentioned sound signal intensity. Vessel owners use whistle to avoid collision dDuring poor weather conditions such as heavy fog or smog, vessels travelling within the typhoon shelter and fishing vessels approaching and leaving the WFM may use whistle for safety reason so as to avoid collision. In this situation, vessel horning may give rise to potential noise nuisance to the nearby residents in close proximity to the typhoon shelter during the operational phase of the proposed WFM.

5.7 Mitigation Measures

Construction Phase

5.7.1 The unmitigated construction noise levels predicted at two of the representative NSRs, namely 15b & 15c, for the foundation construction stage exceed the EIAO – TM construction noise criterion of L_{eq(30 mins)}75dB(A). Appropriate mitigation measures have been proposed to reduce the potential construction impact to acceptable levels. These include use of the following quiet powered mechanical equipment (PME) during foundation works stage as detailed in Table 5.14.

Table 5.14 Quiet PME to be used at Foundation Works Stage

Powered Mechanical Equipment (PME)	Maximum Sound Power Level (SWL), dB(A)	Reference
Excavator	104	BS 5228: Part 1: 1997 Table C.3
Lorry	105	BS 5228: Part 1: 1997 Table C.3

5.7.2 In addition, practical mitigation measures should be implemented to minimise and further alleviate the potential noise impact. It is expected that with suitable on-site supervision in limiting the number of powered mechanical equipment and good site practices, the construction noise impact can be further reduced. The following mitigation measures are recommended to further alleviate the construction noise impact:-

· Scheduling of work - The Contractor will be required to determine the number and type of construction equipment taking into account the use of quiet plant while devising a feasible work programme.

· Siting of facilities - This includes avoiding simultaneous operation of noisy equipment; retaining existing features that can act as a noise barrier until the last phase; and erecting, as early as possible, any new structures which will have the effect of screening noise sources. Such screens can reduce noise levels by 15dB(A) or more. Noisy equipment should always be sited as far as possible from noise sensitive receivers. Consideration should also be given to the use of structures such as site offices and stores as noise barriers.

· Use of quiet Powered Mechanical Equipment (PME) - The contractor should be requested, as far as possible, to use quiet PME, which has a lower SWL compared to one specified in TMCE. This is one of the most effective measures to reduce noise emission at source and is increasingly practicable because of the availability of quiet equipment in the market. Apart from the specified quiet PME to be used at foundation works stage as in Table 5.14, there are other quiet PME the contractor shall consider to use in the course of the construction works whenever practicable. Some of these quiet PME are given in the Table 5.15.

Table 5.15 List of Other Quiet PME

Powered Mechanical Equipment (PME)	Maximum Sound Power Level (SWL), dB(A)	Reference
Concrete Pumps	106	BS 5228: Part 1: 1997 Table C.6
Concrete Mixers	92	BS 5228: Part 1: 1997 Table C.6
Compressors	96	BS 5228: Part 1: 1997 Table C.7

5.7.3 Good site practices and noise management can further reduce the noise impact of the construction sites’ activities on nearby NSRs. The following measures should be followed during each phase of construction:

· only well-maintained plant should be operated on-site and the plant should be serviced regularly during the construction programme;

· machines and plant that may be intermittent in use should be shut down between work periods or should be throttled back to a minimum;

· plant known to emit noise strongly in one direction, should, where possible, be oriented so that the noise is directed away from nearby NSRs;

· silencers or mufflers on construction equipment should be utilised and should be properly maintained during the construction period;

· mobile plant should be sited as far away from NSRs as possible;

· material stockpiles and other structures should be effectively utilised, where practicable, to screen noise from on-site construction activities; and

· The Contractor shall at all times comply with all current statutory environmental legislation.

Operational Phase

(a) Fixed Noise Sources

5.7.4 Control measures have been incorporated into the design of the proposed WFM to mitigate the potential operational noise impact. There will be no opening for the WFM on the façade facing Yuet Wu Villa apart from fixed windows or doors, and any doors facing Yuet Wu Villa will be double doors with lobby. In addition, a 5m wide canopy will be incorporated along the eastern side of the proposed WFM above the sorting area fronting the seaside to provide additional screening for the noise from the operational activities and idling vessels along the sea frontage. The canopy will be suitably designed with due consideration of the operation of the loading and unloading equipment.

5.7.5 The 5m wide canopy at the seaside shall provide noise screening effect for the mechanical ventilation system of the WFM. The discharge points of the mechanical ventilation system shall be located underneath the canopy. In addition, suitable noise control measures will be included in the building services system design, such as installation of acoustic louvres at plantroom ventilation openings and silencers at mechanical ventilation systems to reduce the noise emission from these equipment. It is recommended that acoustic louvres and silencers, which will provide a minimum insertion loss of 15dB(A), should be used as appropriate. The inclusion of silencers in the mechanical ventilation systems as recommended will create higher fan static pressure loss and consume more electric energy. There are no other obvious side effects or potential constraints that have to be resolved.

5.7.6 Sufficient parking spaces will be provided in the WFM premises to avoid on-street parking, loading and unloading of fish stocks. The full-enclosure (to elevations facing sensitive receivers) design of the building will largely reduce the potential noise nuisance to nearby sensitive receivers. Furthermore, Tthe fish market management authority will support a suitably designed policy to facilitate accommodating any waiting vehicles in the driveways within the market premises in order to reduce the chance of lorries queuing outside the proposed WFM.

5.7.7 Daytime operations exclude the sorting and auctioning of fish but involve only a very small fraction of the night-time throughput with subsequent reduction in labour force. Since these operations occur at a time when ambient noise levels are higher, thus they create less of a nuisance. As a result, the noise impact generated during daytime operations is anticipated to be considerably less than that during night-time operations, which the assessment has demonstrated that can be contained within acceptable levels provided the proposed mitigation measures are implemented.

(b) Noise from Truck Traffic along Access Route

5.7.8 Vehicles travelling to and from the Wholesale Fish Market will do so via Wu Shan Road, Wu King Road and Hoi Wong Road. The assessment has even so assumed a minority of lorries may use the southern route but this does not materially increase the noise levels at any of the NSRs, which remain well within the traffic noise criterion acceptable under the EIAO-TMTMEIA. Vehicle movement along Wu Shan Road to the south, passing by Yuet Wu Villa, Marine Gardens and Miami Beach Towers would be inconvenient due to the additional travel distance and is therefore considered highly unlikely. However, as use of the southern section of Wu Shan Road would be a potential source of nuisance to nearby residents in the early hours of the morning, management for the WFM will request all drivers not to use this route when travelling to, or leaving the market.

5.7.9 To ensure that the southern section of Wu Shan Road will not be used, it is proposed that the junction of the access road onto Wu Shan Road be designed to allow for a right turn only movement. An indicative sketch of the proposed junction design is illustrated in Figure 5.12. The proposed junction is subject to detailed comment and design. As per TD's comment, a "TURN Right" traffic sign will be erected at the junction to prohibit vehicles coming out of the fish market from making left turn to Wu Shan Road. The proposed traffic measure will be under enforcement action to be taken by the Police. This proposal is confirmed to be acceptable to other users of the access road, as anticipated traffic movement will require direct access to Wu King Road and Hoi Wong Road, rather than Wu Shan Road South. An independent vehicular access to the refuse collection point is provided at the southern portion of the complex.

5.7.10 Having regard to the small number of vehicles involved in the off-site traffic and the ‘right turn only’ design of the entrance to the WFM to avoid vehicle travelling along the southern section of the Wu Shan Road, the potential traffic noise nuisance on nearby sensitive receivers including Yuet Wu Villa and Marina Garden would be minimal.

(c) Marine Traffic Noise

5.7.11 Currently fishing vessels which use the existing WFM are encouraged by Marine Department (MD) to use the Eastern entrance to the typhoon shelter leaving river trade vessels unencumbered access to and from the Western entrance. The existing layout and features within the Tuen Mun Typhoon Shelter are a result of extensive consultations with the public and floating community.

5.7.12 Taking into account the small number of fishing vessels involved accessing and leaving the WFM together with the speed limit requirement within the typhoon shelter, it is envisaged that the noise level generated by vessels would be minimal irrespective of which entrance is used. Relocation of the WFM is not expected to generate additional marine traffic within the typhoon shelter and fishing vessels are by no means the only ones using the shelter at night time. However, it is recommended that to avoid potential noise nuisance that may be caused to the residents located alongside the waterfront near the western entrance and to maintain safe movement within the typhoon shelter both management of the new WFM and MD should continue to encourage fishing vessels to use the Eastern shelter entrance. However, following relocation of the WFM to Area 44, vessel movement within the typhoon shelter will change. Relocation of fairways within the typhoon shelter would be both costly, inconvenient and require extensive consultations with stakeholders. However, iIn this respect, MD are recommended to continue to review traffic movement and moorings within the typhoon shelter after the new WFM is operational and ensure vessel movement is both practical and safe with minimal nuisance to nearby sensitive receivers.

5.7.13 Management of the WFM after consulting with MD will prepare a leaflet of good practices for fishing vessel owners to be implemented through the Fisherman’s Association with regular reminders through handouts and posters.

5.7.14 The MD’s records reveal that the majority of local licensed vessels including fishing vessels have the vessel exhausts incorporated with silencers under voluntary basis. The EIA recommends that both WFM management and MD continue to encourage the use of silencers to vessel exhaust within the typhoon shelters in order to further minimize the potential nuisance caused by the fishing vessels.

5.7.15 In additionTo ensure that the potential noise nuisance associated with the operational activities of the WFM is further minimized, the use of loudhailer by fish traders operation will be strictly prohibited and controlled under administrative procedure by the AFCD and WFM management. Furthermore, and vessel owners would be requested to avoid horning except in emergency and to use other means such as phones to notify their presence. The AFCD and WFM management would issue regular reminders and post notices during the operation of the proposed WFM regarding these measures. With the implementation of these management practices, it is anticipated that the noise impact on the nearby residents due to loudhailer operation and vessel horning can be minimised as far as practicable.

5.8 Residual Noise Impacts

Construction Phase

5.8.1 The mitigated construction noise levels at the representative NSRs were predicted with the use of the following quiet PME, as shown in Table 5.16, along with other construction plant during the foundation stage.

Table 5.16 Construction Noise Mitigation Measures – Use of Quiet PME

Quiet Equipment	Reference	SWL, dB(A)	No. of units
Foundation Stage
Excavator	BS 5228 : Part 1: 1997 – Table C.3	104	2
Lorry	BS 5228 : Part 1: 1997 – Table C.3	105	2

5.8.2 The maximum predicted mitigated construction noise levels at representative NSRs are shown in Table 5.17 below.

Table 5.17 Maximum Predicted Mitigated Construction Noise Levels at Representative NSRs

NSRs	Foundation Stage		Superstructure Stage
	Floor	Predicted Noise level, Leq (30min), dB(A)	Floor	Predicted Noise level, Leq (30min), dB(A)
1a	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	73	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	73
1b	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	73	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	73
2	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	71	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	71
3	1/F	70	1/F, 6/F	70
4	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	68	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	68
5	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	66	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	66
13	1/F, 6/F	70	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	70
14	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	72	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	72
15a	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	73	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	73
15b	1/F	75	1/F, 6/F	75
15c	1/F	75	1/F, 6/F	75
15d	1/F, 6/F	74	1/F, 6/F	74
20a	1/F, 6/F, 11/F	68	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	68
20b	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	68	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	68
21	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	67	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	67
23	1/F	74	1/F	74
24a	1/F, 6/F	72	1/F, 6/F	72
24b	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F	72	1/F, 6/F, 11/F, 16/F, 21/F	72

5.8.3 WConstruction noise assessment results show that, with the use of quiet powered mechanical equipment,, the maximum predicted construction noise levels at all of the representative NSRs comply with the construction noise criterion of L_{eq(30 mins)}75dB(A) as stipulated in the EIAO-TMTMEIA. Notwithstanding that the construction works will involve typical construction activities and without massive excavation, practical noise mitigation measures, good practices and site management as described in Section 5.7.2 & 5.7.3 shall be implemented as far as practicable to minimize the construction noise emission and ensure that Assessment results indicate that there is no unacceptable residual construction noise impact on the nearby NSRs.

Operational Phase

(a) Fixed Noise Sources

5.8.4 With the proposed mitigation measures, the cumulative noise levels due to both existing fixed noise sources and the future fixed noise sources in the proposed WFM at the NSRs were assessed. The maximum predicted cumulative noise levels are given in Table 5.18.

Table 5.18 Maximum Predicted Noise Levels due to Fixed Noise Sources – With Mitigation

NSR ID	Predicted Noise Level, Leq (30 min), dB(A)
1a	49
1b	49
2	47
3	46
4	44
5	42
13	45
14	47
15a	49-48
15b	50
15c	50
15d	49-50
20a	43
20b	43
21	42-45
24a	47
24b	47-48

5.8.5 The assessment results indicate that the mitigated noise levels due to fixed noise sources at all of the representative NSRs will comply with the stipulated night-time noise criterion of ANL-5dB (50dB(A)). These levels are also lower than the existing recorded background noise level of 56.8db(A). The highest cumulative noise levels, L_eq(30min) 50 dB(A) were predicted at NSR 15b, 15c & 15d.

5.8.6 The assessment concludes that with the incorporation of the proposed mitigation measures, including considered full-enclosure design of the WFM, provision of sufficient parking spaces within the WFM premises, addition of a canopy and use provision of acoustic silencerssuitable noise control measures, such as silencer and acoustic louver, to building services equipment, the future fixed noise sources in the proposed WFM will not pose any adverse unacceptable residual noise impact on the nearby residents.

(b) Noise from Truck Traffic along Access Route

5.8.7 During the peak hours of operation of the proposed WFM, it is anticipated that an additional traffic flow of up to 40 lorries would be introduced to the existing nearby road network. In view of the small number of vehicles involved and with the ‘right turn only’ design of the entrance to the WFM to avoid vehicle travelling along the southern section of the Wu Shan Road, the operation of the WFM shall not cause any unacceptable residual traffic noise impact on nearby sensitive receivers.

(c) Marine Traffic Noise

5.8.8 With consideration given to the two possible access routes, which represent the worst-scenarios in terms of distance to nearby receivers, the highest marine traffic noise levels at nearby sensitive receivers are found to be below the prevailing background noise level they are currently exposed to. The operation of the proposed WFM is not expected to generate additional marine traffic within the typhoon shelter and will not cause any deterioration to the existing noise climate in the vicinity of the typhoon shelter.

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[1] Department of Transport, UK, Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (1998)

[2] Transport Department, The Annual Traffic Census 1999