13.1.1
This section presents a Cultural
Heritage Impact Assessment (CHIA) of the Project, identifying cultural heritage
resources such as archaeological sites, built heritage structures and assessing
potential direct and indirect impacts from the proposed construction activities
on these resources, and recommending mitigation of impacts where required.
13.2.1
The following legislation and
guidelines are relevant to this study:
·
Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap. 53)
·
Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (EIAO) (Cap. 499, S.16)
·
Technical Memorandum on the Environmental Impact Assessment Process
(EIAO-TM)
·
Guidance Notes on Assessment of Impact on Sites of Cultural Heritage in
Environmental Impact Assessment Studies (GN-CH)
·
Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG)
·
Marine Archaeological Investigation Guidelines.
Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap.53)
13.2.2
The Antiquities and Monuments
Ordinance (Cap. 53) was enacted in 1976 and provides statutory protection
against the threat of development for Declared Monuments including historical
buildings/structures and archaeological sites on land and underwater, which
have been recommended by the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB), approved by the
Chief Executive and gazetted to enable their preservation for posterity.
13.2.3
Certain Deemed Monuments have been
identified by the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) and agreement reached
with the owners of the Monuments to ensure their preservation. Deemed monuments have the potential to be
upgraded to statutory Declared Monuments.
13.2.4
For archaeological sites, all relics
dated prior to 1800AD belong to the Hong Kong Government under the Antiquities
and Monuments Ordinance. Once identified
as having the potential for conservation, archaeological sites are entered into
the record.
EIAO, EIAO-TM & GN-CH
13.2.5
The EIAO provides additional
legislative protection to sites of cultural heritage that are threatened by
development and the Environmental Protection Department is its authority. Annexes 10 and 19 of the EIAO-TM outline the
guidelines and criteria for the CHIA.
The GH-CH serves as a reference to assist the understanding of the
requirements set out in Section 2 of Annex 10 and Annex 19 of the EIAO-TM under
the EIAO in assessing impact on sites of cultural heritage in EIA studies.
Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines
13.2.6
Chapter 10 of the HKPSG provides
general guidelines and measures for the conservation of historical buildings,
archaeological sites and other antiquities.
AMO Guidelines for Marine
Archaeological Investigation
13.2.7 The AMO have issued Guidelines for Marine Archaeological
Investigation (MAI) which details the standard practice, procedures and
methodology which must be undertaken in determining the marine archaeological
potential, presence of archaeological artefacts and defining suitable
mitigation measures.
13.3.1
The CHIA was carried out in accordance
with the AMO Criteria and the requirements as set out in Annex 10 and 19 of the
EIAO-TM. The assessment methodology for
the CHIA is described in the following sections.
Terrestrial Archaeology
13.3.2
Desk-based research was carried out in
order to identify any known or potential sites of archaeological interest. The
following resources were consulted: the Antiquities and Monuments Office
published and unpublished papers and studies; publications on relevant
historical, anthropological and other cultural studies; unpublished archival
material, papers, and records; collections and libraries of tertiary
institutions; historical documents available at the Public Records Office, the
Lands Registry, the District Lands Office, District Offices, and the Museum of
History; cartographic and pictorial documentation; study of existing
geotechnical information.
13.3.3
Details of the desk-based research
were presented in a Built Heritage and Historic Survey (BHHS) Report for this Project. Appendix 13.1 provides the
BHHS Report. The findings of the
desk-based research indicated that there were no known archaeological sites
within or in the vicinity of the development areas. The archaeological sites including Fat Tau Chau Qing Dynasty
Grave Stone, Fat Tau Chau Site of Chinese Customs Station, Junk Island House
Ruin and Yau Yue Wan Kiln are all located far away (more than 500m) from the
proposed development areas.
13.3.4
Apart from the area near the western
shoreline of Junk Bay, the proposed development areas under the Project would
be situated on existing roads, reclaimed or disturbed land, and hence there is
expected to be no archaeological potential in these areas. Based on the results of the 1998
Archaeological Survey for the Western Coast Road Area (Sino-Hong Kong
Archaeology Workshop, 1999) and the site setting, areas of archaeological
potential would not be expected at the hillside area next to the western
shoreline of Junk Bay.
13.3.5
Since
there are no known archaeological sites or areas of archaeological potential
within 50m from the proposed developments and work areas, a field evaluation
was considered not necessary.
Marine Archaeology
13.3.6
In accordance with the Guidelines for
MAI, a marine archaeological investigation was carried out to identify the
archaeological potential of the study area based on a baseline review and the findings
of a marine geophysical survey. Details
of the marine archaeological investigation were present in the separate Final
Report for Assessment of Archaeological Potential Task 3 for this Project[1]. The key findings and
recommendations are presented in the Sections 13.4, 13.5 and 13.6.
Built Heritage
13.3.7
A desk-based study was undertaken to
determine the presence of historical occupation of the study area and to thus
assess the potential for built heritage resources to be present. This study
included information gathered from the following sources: the AMO published and
unpublished papers and studies; publications on relevant historical,
anthropological and other cultural studies; unpublished archival material,
papers, and records; collections and libraries of tertiary institutions;
historical documents available at the Public Records Office, the Lands
Registry, the District Lands Office, District Offices, and the Museum of
History; cartographic and pictorial/ photo documentation.
13.3.8
Based on the desk-based study, a field
survey was conducted for the areas below.
The results of the field survey are detailed in the BHHS Report (Appendix 13.1).
·
Tseung Kwan O (TKO) and Junk Island - villages at TKO and TKO
Upper, Yau Yue Wan and those at Hang Hau such as Tin Ha Wan Village, Boon Kin Village,
Shui Bin Village and Fu Tau Chau Village. Graves were also inspected at PSK.
·
Devil’s Peak and Lei Yue Mun on the west coast of TKO - Tin Hau Temple, Rock
carvings and the Carronade at Lei Yue Mun and Pottinger battery and graves,
Gough’s Battery and the Redoubt at Devil’s Peak. Further north on the west coast of TKO are Rennies Mill at Tiu
Keng Leng (TKL) and the abandoned fort at Mau Wu Shan.
·
Cha Kwo Ling - village and surrounds of Cha Kwo Ling at
the tunnel approach of the proposed Western Coast Road (WCR).
13.3.9
The methodology of the field survey is
described below.
Built Features
13.3.10
The survey consisted of a field
evaluation incorporating the collection of photographic, oral and written
information on the architecture and history of all structures that might be
impacted by the proposed works. The
information collected in the field survey was then entered onto typewritten
forms. The design of the forms was based on AMO and ICOMOS (International
Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites) standards
for the recording of historical resources with modifications to suit
architectural styles and situations encountered in Hong Kong. The forms were
designed to provide details of all identified resources, including written
descriptions of each recorded feature, including: age, details of architectural
features, condition, past and present uses, an architectural appraisal, notes
on any modifications, direction faced, and associations with historical/ cultural
events or individuals. The location of each feature was highlighted on a 1:1000
scale map. A description of the surrounding environment was also included as
part of the survey.
Graves
13.3.11
Pre-war clan graves were included as
part of the survey. Graves falling within any works area and which might be
directly impacted were recorded on field recording forms, which included a
written description, a photographic record, a copy of the inscription and the
dimensions. Grave groups located outside of the works area and which would not
be directly impacted, but which may be indirectly impacted aesthetically by the
proposed works, were assessed as a group, rather than on an individual basis.
An exception to this is if any grave within a group is found to fall within 10
metres of a works area and may receive contact or vibration damage, it would be
assessed individually.
Cultural and Historical Landscape Features
13.3.12
A written description of each recorded
feature was made, including information gathered from interviews with local
informants. The location of each recorded feature was highlighted on a 1:1000
scale map and a photographic record of each identified feature made.
13.4.1
The Study Area covers the proposed
development areas in TKO including Town Centre South (TCS), Pak Shing Kok
(PSK), and remaining areas of TKL. The
Study Area also includes areas for the planned WCR and Cross Bay Link (CBL)
including the western coast of Junk Bay, and east Kowloon including Lei Yue Mun
and Cha Kwo Ling. A brief history of these areas is described below.
History of Tseung Kwan O
13.4.2
TKO (Junk Bay) is a large inlet, which
lies to the east of the Kowloon Peninsula. It is bordered by Clear Water Bay on
the east and TKL (Rennie’s Mill) to the west. Large settlements, like TKO
Village, Yau Yu Wan Village and Hang Hau Village lie scattered on its northern
coastal area.
13.4.3
TKO Village was the earliest
settlement in the region. It was founded in the early Ming Dynasty. During the
Coastal Evacuation in the early Ching Dynasty, the village was abandoned and
the villagers moved back inland. In the late 17th Century, with the
abolishing of the Edict of the Coastal Evacuation, they returned and
re-established the village. In the early 18th Century, Yau Yu Wan
Village and Hang Hau Village were founded (詳西貢歷史與風物:頁50-69).
13.4.4
During the late 19th
Century, Hang Hau Village, which lies at the junction of TKO and Clear Water
Bay Peninsula, became a market centre. With the anchoring of fishing boats
along the coast, many fishermen landed there and sold their harvests. The area
developed into a Market Town (Hui), with a main street full of shops. In the
early 20th Century, it was closely linked with Shaukiwan and Sai
Kung by ferries. Thus, the area became prosperous.
13.4.5
During the 2nd World War,
the area became isolated, but it still remained a market centre for the
villagers nearby. At that time, people called the area ‘Hang Hau Town’ (Blake
C.F. 1981)
13.4.6
Beginning in the 1980’s, much of the
coastal area was reclaimed to provide more land for development. The old villages
were re-sited. Many public and private estates were built.
13.4.7
Now, the area has been developed into
a new Market Town, called New Hang Hau Market Town. Except for TKO Village,
which still lies in the original location, the other villages have all been re-sited
and the village houses have been re-built.
13.4.8
TKO is located at the eastern entrance
to Victoria Harbour. Joss House Bay – now lost to reclamation – lies to the
southeast. Junk Island is also known at Fat Tong Chau (Temple Island). The
mountains that separate Junk Bay and Joss House Bay from Clearwater Bay and
Port Shelter are highest at High Junk Peak.
13.4.9
The area was named because of its
popularity as a resort for Chinese Junks and sampans that in the past took
refuge in Junk Bay, particularly during typhoons (Aijmer 1984).
13.4.10
Maps from the 17th Century
onwards show little settlement in TKO except for TKO village at end of a long
embayment, though behind mudflats (Empson 1991), Hang Hau to east and Junk
Village also on Eastern side and Rennie’s Mill were settled in the first half
of the 20th Century.
13.4.11
Other villages skirting the old
coastline of Junk Bay include Hang Hau (Stream mouth), Yau Yue Wan (Cuttlefish
Bay), and PSK (Hundred Victories Cape) – once near the coast of Junk Bay but
now well inland as a result of phases of reclamation since the 1970s.
History of Lei Yue Mun Area
13.4.12
Lei Yue Mun lies at the southern tip
of the Ngau Tau Kok Peninsula. It is the water passage lying to the east of
Hong Kong Island. Early in the Sung Dynasty, it was the main sea route for the
merchant ships sailing between Fukien and Kwangtung provinces (Siu and Sham
2001: pp. 178-179). Legend said that in
old times, fishes called common carp swam out from there to the Pacific Ocean and
changed into dragons. This is the derivation of the name for the water passage
(Lei Yue Mun in Chinese means the Gate of the Common Carp). To its north is the
Devils Peak, with a lighthouse standing at the coast. It directs the ships
coming into the harbour. The lighthouse
still exists.
History of Cha Kwo Ling Region
13.4.13
Cha Kwo Ling lies to the southeast of
Kowloon Bay. It is a small hill lying between Lei Yue Mun region and Kwun Tong
region. Legend said that the small hill resembles a Hakka dim sum called ‘Cha
Kwo’ (Hakka ‘Tea Biscuit’). Others said that the knoll gets its name from the
large amount of ‘Cha Kwo’ wrapping leaves in the nearby area (Siu and Sham 2001:
pp. 180).
13.4.14
At the end of the 18th
century, the Hakkas migrated into the region. Quarrying became their main
occupation. Some grew crops and vegetables. Others helped the fishermen to mend
their fishing nets. They went to the market of Shaukiwan to buy their
necessities. The elders and gentries of Cha Kwo Ling, with those of Ngau Tau
Kok, Sai Tso Wan and Lei Yue Mun, formed the Si Shan Kung So (the Communal
Office of the Four Hills). The organization ran the quarrying business of the
region. They formed the Hop Yee Lung (the Hop Yee Dragon Boat Committee) with
the fishermen of Shaukiwan.
13.4.15
By that time, the villages of Cha Kwo
Ling, Ngau Tau Kok, Sai Tso Wan and Lei Yue Mun together were called Si Shan
(Four Hills). The villagers were all stonecutters. The Ching Government
appointed someone in each Shan (‘Hill or Village’) to be the ‘Tau Yan (headman)’.
They together were called the Si Shan Tau Yan (the Headmen of the Four Hills or
Villages). They were responsible to rule the area and to collect tax for the
government. The system ended before the Second World War (Siu and Sham 2001:
pp. 180).
13.4.16
Nowadays, the land has been developed
into part of the Kwun Tong New Town. Some relics still exist. There are no
pre-war clan or notable feng shui features such as feng shui woods and ponds or
historical trackway or other historic features within the project area at Cha
Kwo Ling.
Archaeological Resources
Terrestrial Archaeology
13.4.17
No known archaeological sites or areas
of archaeological potential were identified within 50m from the proposed developments
and work areas.
Marine Archaeology
13.4.18
TKO was in the past referred to as Fat
Tong Mun. The bay lay along the vital
trade route, established from the time of the Sung Dynasty (960-1279), which
connected Guangzhou on the Pearl River to northern China. TKO was considered a significant anchorage
or place of shelter, as shown by it being named Fat Tong Mun on Imperial maps
from as early as the 15th century.
Based on the literature review, there are no reported wreck sites in the
northern half of TKO. The closest reported wreck sites are situated near the
“dangerous goods” anchorage at the south-western entrance to TKO.
13.4.19
A marine geophysical survey was
undertaken in July 2003 for the northern half of Junk Bay to determine
sub-seabed strata, features (anomalies), and man-made objects on or beneath the
seabed within the survey area. Based on
the results of the marine geophysical survey, four surface anomalies (2004,
3401, EW 28-59 and Target 1) and two buried anomalies (SN62-31 & SN62-34)
were identified within, or in the vicinity of, the proposed marine works
areas. The locations of the six
anomalies are shown in Figure 13.1.
13.4.20
Based on a previous study (SDA Marine
Ltd, 2000), it was considered that surface anomalies 2004, 3401 and EW 28-59
were located in an area which had been identified to be extensively disturbed
from numerous anchor marks. Hence, these
three anomalies were considered to be deposited recently and to have no
archaeological potential. Target 1 was identified as having archaeological
potential owing to its isolation, away from other debris concentrations and
because of its relatively small size.
Buried anomalies SN62-31 and SN62-34 were considered to be of
archaeological potential as they were located in an area with potential for the
formation of shipwrecks.
13.4.21
Since the marine geophysical survey
did not cover the extreme western part of Junk Bay due to the shallow water, no
data were provided for this area.
Built Heritage Resources
13.4.22
The results of the survey showed that
there were no pre-war clan or notable feng shui features such as feng shui
woods and ponds or historical trackway or other historic features within the
study area. A total of 14 notable
buildings and structures were identified in the field survey as listed below:
Tseung Kwan O Region
i)
TKO
Village: the Earth shrine
ii)
Boon
Kin Village: the Earth shrine inside the Fung Shui Garden
iii)
Hang
Hau Village: Tin Hau Temple
Devil’s Peak Region
iv)
Lei
Yue Mun Tin Hau Temple
v)
Lei
Yue Mun Rock Carvings (ten carvings)
vi)
The
Carronades in front of the Lei Yue Mun Rock Carving (two pieces)
vii)
Pottinger
Battery: the right gun emplacement and its underground ammunition store, side
arm store and operation room, and the guard station to its north
viii)
Gough
Battery: the two gun emplacements and underground ammunition store, side arm store
and operation room, the howitzer gun platform and the command post
ix)
The
Devil’s Peak Redoubt: the trench running along the ridge and the machine gun
posts at its two ends, the circular trench with shooting holes and the three
pillboxes
x)
The
Old Tiu Keng Ling Police Station
xi)
The
Military Fortification on Mau Wu Shan
Cha Kwo Ling Region
xii)
Cha
Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple
xiii)
Cha
Kwo Ling Rural Committee
xiv)
Law
Mansion
13.4.23
The buildings/ structures mentioned
above have their characteristics and historic value. The Earth shrines of TKO
and Boon Kin villages, Hang Hau Tin Hau Temple, Lei Yue Mun Tin Hau Temple, and
Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple show the condition of the old Chinese customs and
beliefs. The carronades in front of the Lei Yue Mun Rock Carvings, Pottinger
Battery, Gough Battery, the Devil’s Peak Redoubt and the military fortification
on Mau Wu Shan may increase people’s understanding on local history. The old Tiu
Keng Ling Police station, Cha Kwo Ling Rural Committee and Law Mansion remind
us of the social development of a place. The Lei Yue Mun Rock Carvings form a
good place for sightseeing and photo taking.
13.4.24
Based on the layout plan of the
Project, all the above listed historical buildings/ structures are located far
away from the site boundary (> 100 m), except Cha Kwo Ling Rural Committee, Law Mansion and Cha
Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple which is located close to the
proposed roundabout and road works
at Cha Kwo Ling (<50m). According
to the Feasibility Study for Development at Cha Kwo Ling Kaolin Mine Site,
Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple
would be remain, whereas Cha Kwo Ling Rural Committee Building would
be removed and Law Mansion would be
preserved by relocating to an area adjacent to Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau
Temple prior to the construction of
WCR. Figure 13.2 shows
the location of the Tin Hau Temple with
respect to the roundabout.
13.4.25
Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple is sited
by the coast of Kwun Tong Bay at the place of the present Laguna City. It was built in mid 19th century
by the people of the Four Hills. It was rebuilt in 1891, destroyed by typhoon
in 1912, and again rebuilt in 1941 (oral history). In 1947, for the development
of Oil Tanks, the temple was moved to the present site, and completed in 1948.
It was again repaired in 1999. The
temple is a two-hall type building with three houses. It is built of granite.
The stone inscriptions inside the temple provide evidence on the development of
the Kwun Tong region. They are good research materials.
13.4.26 Based on the layout plan of the Project, the WCR
alignment in Kowloon Area would have direct impact on the Old
Village House at Cha Kwo Ling. Nevertheless,
it was not identified as a notable
building/structure in the BHHS.
The
Tsang Mansion is outside the project area and the Kaolin Mine Site development,
there is no direct impact on it. According
to the Feasibility Study for Development at Cha Kwo Ling Kaolin Mine Site, the
Old Village House would be cleared under
the site formation of the development. Although this Old Village House was not
identified to have specific historical value, the project proponent for
formation work of the site should conduct a
detailed photographic and cartographic recordings on
this building to the satisfaction of the AMO
before its demolition.
Terrestrial Archaeology
13.5.1
Since all development elements of the
Project would not be on areas of archaeological interest on land, no adverse
impact is expected during either the construction or operation phases of the
Project.
Marine Archaeology
13.5.2
As described in Section 13.4.20,
surface anomaly Target 1 and buried anomalies SN62-31 & SN62-34 were
identified to be of archaeological potential.
Based on the layout plan of the Project, buried anomalies SN62-31 &
SN62-34 are located outside the proposed reclamation area and would not be in
the vicinity of the piers of the CBL.
Hence, direct impact on these buried anomalies is not expected. For Target 1, since it is located close to
one of the proposed piers of the CBL, direct impact on the Target 1 could
occur.
13.5.3
Owing to the shallow water, the
extreme western part of Junk Bay was not included in the marine geophysical
survey and therefore no data are available for evaluating the archaeological
potential of this area. Since part of
the western shore of Junk Bay would be disturbed by the proposed reclamation, it
is recommended that transect dives be undertaken for those areas to be
reclaimed that are not covered by the marine archaeological survey.
Built Heritage
13.5.4
No direct impact on the identified
historical buildings/ structures is expected since all of them are located
outside the site boundary of the Project.
Nevertheless, any built heritage resources located in close proximity to
the worksites would likely be indirectly impacted by dust and/ or vibration. The proximity of identified notable
buildings and structures to the proposed work areas of the Project is
summarised in Table 13.1.
13.5.5
As indicated in Table 13.1, the Cha
Kwo Ling Rural Committee Building, Law Mansion, and Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple is
are located less than 50m from the
worksite of the proposed
roundabout and road works at
Cha Kwo Ling. . According to the Feasibility Study for Development at
Cha Kwo Ling Kaolin Mine Site, the
Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple would be remain, whereas the
Cha Kwo
Ling Rural Committee Building would
be removed and the Law Mansion would be
preserved by relocating to an area adjacent to the
Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple prior
to the construction of WCR.
The temple and the mansion
would be susceptible to dust and
vibration arising from the nearby construction activities.
13.5.6
For other identified buildings and
structures, no adverse indirect impact is expected as all of them are located
more than 100 m from the works areas of the Project.
Table 13.1 Proximity
of Notable Buildings and Structures to the Project Worksites
Notable historic buildings and structures
|
Distance from Worksite (approx)
|
Impact
Direct
|
Impact
Indirect
|
Tseung Kwan O
Earth Shrine (Boon Kin
Village)
Earth Shrine (TKO Village)
Hang Hau Tin Hau Temple
|
800m
2000m
|
Nil
Nil
|
Nil
Nil
Nil
|
Devil’s Peak region
Lei Yue Mun Tin Hau Temple
Lei Yue Mun Rock Carvings (ten carvings)
The Carronades
Pottinger
Battery
Gough Battery
The Devil’s Peak Redoubt
The Old Tiu Keng Ling Police Station
The Military Fortification
at Mau Wu Shan
|
1250m
1250m
1250m
500m
500m
500m
300m
800m
|
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
|
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
|
Cha Kwo Ling
Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple
Cha Kwo
Ling Rural Committee
Building
Law Mansion
|
<50m
100-150m<50m
200m<50m
|
Nil
Nil
Nil
|
Yes
Nil*
NilYes
|
Note: * As
the Cha Kwo Ling Rural Committee would be removed prior to
the construction of WCR, no indirect impact from
the Project would be expected.
13.5.7
During the operation phase, impacts
associated with the project would be only of an aesthetic nature, in the sense
that the surrounding environment of the historical buildings/ structures may be
altered through the construction of Project associated features.
Terrestrial
Archaeology
13.6.1
No mitigation measures would be
required.
Marine
Archaeology
13.6.2
To ascertain the archaeological
potential of Target 1 and the areas to be reclaimed but not covered under the
marine geophysical survey, a visual diver survey is recommended to be
undertaken during the detailed design stage of the Project. The diver survey should include:
·
A series of transect dives along the western
shore, which was not covered by the marine geophysical survey.
·
Circular searches on the seabed surface anomaly
(Target 1).
Built
Heritage
13.6.3
Apart from the Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple and
the Law Mansion,
no adverse impact on other historical buildings and structures is
expected.
13.6.4
To prevent damage to the
Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau temple Temple and the Law
Mansion during the construction phase, mitigation measures in the form of a
temporarily fenced off buffer zone with allowance for public access (minimum 1
m) should be provided around the temple and
the mansion. In addition, monitoring of vibration impacts should be
conducted when the construction works
are less than 50m from the temple and
the mansion.
Operational Phase
Terrestrial Archaeology
13.6.5
No mitigation measures are required.
Marine Archaeology
13.6.6
There would be no adverse marine
archaeological impact associated with the Project during the operational phase
and hence no mitigation measures would be required.
Built Heritage
13.6.7
There would be no adverse built
heritage impact associated with the Project during the operational phase and
hence no mitigation measures would be required.
13.7.1
No residual cultural heritage impact
is expected.
13.8.1
The CHIA has identified that there
would be indirect impact on Cha Kwo Ling Tin Hau Temple and Law Mansion due to its their
close proximity to the work site of the
Project. To ensure no damage to the
temple and
the mansion, monitoring of the indirect
impact should be conducted during the construction phase.
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