7.1.1
This
chapter on waste examines the quality and disposal options for wastes generated
during construction of the proposed golf course. Disposal options will be
outlined for each type of waste, and the responsibilities for disposal or
recycling broadly discussed. As a principle it has been established that there
will be no net import or export of
material from earthworks operations and ground-shaping i.e. all cut
material will be used within the works site as fill material.
7.1.2
Types
of solid wastes that arise during construction phase include chemically inert
excavated material, a relatively small quantity of demolished material such as
pipes and broken concrete, municipal waste generated by site staff during the
construction phase, and a small quantity of chemical waste such as detergents,
lubricants and engine oil for equipment maintenance.
7.2.1
The following legislation relates to the handling,
treatment and disposal of wastes in the Hong Kong SAR and will be used in
assessing potential impacts:
·
Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap 354)
·
Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation
(Cap. 354)
·
Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap 28)
·
Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap.
132) – Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation
·
Dumping At Sea Ordinance (Cap. 466).
Waste Disposal Ordinance
7.2.2
The Waste
Disposal Ordinance (WDO) prohibits the unauthorised disposal of
wastes. Construction waste is not
directly defined in the WDO but is considered to fall within the category of
“trade waste”. Trade waste is
defined as waste from any trade, manufacturer or business, or any waste
building, or civil engineering materials, but does not include animal
waste. Under the WDO, wastes can be
disposed of at sites licensed by the Environmental Protection Department (
Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation
7.2.3
Chemical waste includes any scrap materials, or unwanted substances specified under Schedule 1 of this Regulation, if
such a substance or chemical occurs in such a form, quantity or concentration
that causes pollution or constitutes a danger to health or risk of pollution to
the environment.
7.2.4
A
person shall not produce, or cause to be produced, chemical wastes unless he is
registered with EPD. Any person who
contravenes this requirement commits an offence and is liable to a fine and/or
imprisonment. Chemical wastes must
be treated, utilising on-site plant licensed by EPD or have a licensed
collector to transport the wastes to a licensed facility. For each consignment of wastes, the
waste producer, collector and disposer of the wastes must sign all relevant
parts of a computerised trip ticket. The system is designed to trace wastes
from production to disposal.
7.2.5
This regulation also prescribes the storage facilities to be provided on site including labelling and warning sign. To
minimise the risks of pollution and danger to human health or life, the waste
producer is required to prepare and make available written emergency procedures
for spillage, leakage or accidents arising from storage of chemical wastes. The
waste producer must also provide employees with training for such procedures.
7.2.6
Under
the regulation of WDO, the Chemical Waste (General) Regulation 1992
provides regulations for chemical waste control, and administers the
possession, storage, collection, transport and disposal of chemical
wastes. The
Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance
7.2.7
The
inert portion of Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials may be taken
to public filling facilities including public filling area, public filling
barging points and stockpiling areas. These facilities usually form part of
land reclamation schemes and are operated by CEDD. This ordinance requires
Dumping Licenses (to be issued by CEDD) to be obtained by individuals or
companies, who deliver inert C&D materials to the public filling
facilities.
7.2.8
Individual
licenses and windscreen stickers are issued for each vehicle involved. Public filling areas will accept only
inert building debris, soil, rock and broken concrete. There is no size
limitation on the rock and broken concrete, and a small amount of timber mixed
with inert material is permissible. The material should, however, be free from
marine mud, household refuse, plastic, metal, individual and chemical wastes,
animal and vegetable matters and any other materials considered unsuitable by
the Filling Supervisor.
Public Cleansing and Prevention of
Nuisances by Laws
7.2.9
These
by-laws provide further control on illegal tipping of wastes on unauthorised
(unlicensed) sites. Illegal dumping
of wastes can lead to a fine and imprisonment.
Marine Sediment
7.2.10
The
WBTC No. 34/2002 sets out the management framework for dredged / excavated
sediment. This Technical Circular outlines the new procedures to be followed in
assessing and classifying sediment and explains the marine disposal arrangement
for the classified material. The
sediment quality criteria for the classification of sediment are presented in
Table 7.1. Dumping permits from
7.2.11 Two surface (grab) samples of marine
sediment were collected on May 2005 for laboratory testing of contaminants to
characterise the sediment quality within the proposed area of dredging for the
purpose of the desalination intake and discharge locations. The location of the
sampling point is presented in Figure 7.1.
Other Relevant Guidelines
7.2.12
The
following documents and guidelines also relate to waste management and disposal:
Table
7.1 Others
Relevant Documents and information
|
Bureau / Department |
Documents / Guidelines / Technical Circulars |
|
Planning, Environmental and Lands Branch |
u
Waste Disposal Plan for u
Waste Reduction Framework Plan, 1998 to 2007 |
|
Environment,
Transport and Works Bureau |
u
Works Branch Technical Circular (WBTC) No. 32/92,
The Use of Tropical Hard Wood on Construction Site u
WBTC No. 2/93,
Public Dumps u
Works Bureau TC No 2/93B, Public Filling
Facilities u
WBTC No. 16/96,
Wet Soil in Public Dumps u
Works Bureau TC Nos. 4/98 and 4/ u
Works Bureau TC Nos. 25/99, 25/ u
Works Bureau TC No. 12/2000, Fill Management u
Works Bureau TC No. 19/2001, Metallic Site
Hoardings and Signboards u
Works Bureau TC No. 06/2002, Enhanced
Specification for Site Cleanliness and Tidiness u
Works Bureau TC No. 12/2002, Specification
Facilitating the Use of Recycled Aggregates u
Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical
Circular (ETWBTC) (Works) No. 33/2002,
Management of Construction and Demolition Material Including Rock u
ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002,
Management of Dredged / Excavated Sediment u
ETWBTC (Works) No. 15/2003, Waste Management on Construction Sites u
ETWBTC(Works) No. 31/2004, Trip-ticket System for
Disposal of Construction and Demolition Material |
|
|
New Disposal
Arrangements for Construction Waste (1992) |
|
|
Code of
Practice on the Packaging, Labeling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992) |
|
PlanD |
Environmental
Guidelines for Planning In |
7.2.13
ETWB
TC No. 15/2003 sets out the policy and procedures requiring contractors to
prepare and implement an enhanced Waste Management Plan to encourage on-site
sorting of C&D materials and to reduce C&D waste generation during
construction.
7.2.14
ETWB TCW No.
31/2004 promulgates the amended trip ticket system (TTS) for public works
contracts including capital works contracts, term contracts and design and
build contracts, where construction and demolition (C&D) materials
including waste generated on site required disposal.
7.2.15
ETWB
TCW No. 34/2002 stipulates the procedures for seeking approval to dredge / excavated sediment and the management
framework for marine disposal of such sediment. Applications for approval of dredging /
excavation proposal and allocation of marine disposal shall be made to the Secretary of Marine Fill Committee. Marine Dumping Permits are required from
Existing Sediment Characteristics
7.3.1
The
sediment sample was tested in the laboratory for the following parameters:
(i)
Metals
concentrations including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb),
cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag) and arsenic (As).
(ii)
Concentrations
of organic compounds: total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Table
7.3 Sediment
Quality Criteria for the Classification for Sediment
|
Contaminants |
LCEL |
UCEL |
|
Heavy Metal (mg/kg dry weight) |
||
|
Cadmium (Cd) |
1.5 |
4 |
|
Chromium (Cr) |
80 |
160 |
|
Copper (Cu) |
65 |
110 |
|
Mercury (Hg) |
0.5 |
1 |
|
Nickel (Ni) |
40 |
40 |
|
Lead (Pb) |
75 |
110 |
|
Silver (Ag) |
1 |
2 |
|
Zinc (Zn) |
200 |
270 |
|
Metalloid (mg/kg dry weight) |
||
|
Arsenic |
12 |
42 |
|
Organic-PAHs (µg/kg dry weight) |
||
|
PAHs (Low
Molecular Weight) |
550 |
3160 |
|
PAHs (High
Molecular Weight) |
1700 |
9600 |
|
Organic-non-PAHs (µg/kg dry weight) |
||
|
Total PCBs |
23 |
180 |
Source: Appendix
A of ETWB TCW No. 34/2002 Management of Dredged / Excavated Sediment
Note: LCEL
– Lower Chemical Exceedance Level
UCEL
– Upper Chemical Exceedance Level
7.3.2
Sediments
are categorised with reference to the LCEL and UCEL, as follows:
Category L:
Sediment with all contaminant levels not exceeding the LCEL. The material must be dredged,
transported and disposed of in a manner that minimises the loss of contaminants
either into solution or by suspension.
Category M:
Sediment with any one or more contaminant levels exceeding the LCEL and none
exceeding the UCEL. The material
must be dredged and transported with care, and must be effectively isolated
from the environment upon final disposal unless appropriate biological tests
demonstrate that the material will not adversely affect the marine environment.
Category H: Sediment with any one or more contaminant
levels exceeding the UCEL. The
material must be dredged and transported with great care, and must be
effectively isolated from the environment upon final disposal.
7.3.3
For
projects with disposal requirements of less than
7.3.4
The
marine sediment quality analysis results of chemical testing, as compared with
the sediment quality criteria for the classification of sediment, are presented
in Table 7.3.
7.3.5
The
chemical testing results (Table 7.3) indicate that Category L sediments were
found at the proposed dredging area and therefore the sediments are suitable
for open sea disposal.
Table 7.3 Results of Sediment
Quality Analysis
|
|
Unit |
ETWB TCW No. 34/2002 |
|
S1 |
S2 |
|
|
LCEL |
UCEL |
- |
Seabed |
Seabed |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arsenic |
mg/kg |
12 |
42 |
1 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
|
Cadmium |
mg/kg |
1.5 |
4 |
0.1 |
<0.2 |
<0.2 |
|
Chromium |
mg/kg |
80 |
160 |
8 |
<8 |
<8 |
|
Copper |
mg/kg |
65 |
110 |
3 |
<7 |
<7 |
|
Mercury |
mg/kg |
0.5 |
1 |
0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
|
Nickel |
mg/kg |
40 |
40 |
1 |
<4 |
<4 |
|
Lead |
mg/kg |
75 |
110 |
3 |
24 |
25 |
|
Silver |
mg/kg |
1 |
2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
<0.1 |
|
Zinc |
mg/kg |
200 |
270 |
6 |
<20 |
<20 |
|
PAHs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acenaphthene ( |
µg/kg |
550 |
3160 |
55 |
<55 |
<55 |
|
Acenaphtylene (ANY) |
µg/kg |
550 |
3160 |
55 |
<55 |
<55 |
|
Anthracene (ANT) |
µg/kg |
550 |
3160 |
55 |
<55 |
<55 |
|
Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Benzo(ghi)perylene (BPE) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Chrysene ( |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Dibenz(ah)anthracene (DBA) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Fluoranthene (FLT) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Fluorene (FLU) |
µg/kg |
550 |
3160 |
55 |
<55 |
<55 |
|
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IPY) |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
Naphthalene ( |
µg/kg |
550 |
3160 |
55 |
<55 |
<55 |
|
Phenanthrene (PHE) |
µg/kg |
550 |
3160 |
55 |
<55 |
<55 |
|
Pyrene ( |
µg/kg |
1700 |
9600 |
170 |
<170 |
<170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total PCBs |
µg/kg |
23 |
180 |
2 |
<2 |
<2 |
|
Notes: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bold and Italic indicates
Category M |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bold, Italic and Highlighted indicates
Category H |
||||||
Notes:
1. LMW = Low molecular
weight PAHs, that is, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluorene,
naphthalene and phenanthrene.
2. HMW = High
molecular weight PAHs, that is, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene,
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene,
benzo[k]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene.
Construction and Demolition (C&D)
Materials
7.3.6
The
current policy related to the dumping of C&D material is
documented in the Works Branch Technical Circular No. 2/93, ‘Public Dump’. Construction and demolition materials
that are wholly inert, namely public fill, should not be disposed of to
landfill, but taken to public filling areas which usually form part of
reclamation schemes.
7.3.7
In
addition to the Works Branch Technical Circular (WBTC),
7.3.8
Measures
have been introduced under Environment, Transport and Works Bureau (ETWB)
TCW No. 33/2002 to enhance the management of C&D material including
rock, and to minimise its generation at source. The enhancement measures include: (i)
drawing up a Construction and Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP)
at an early design stage to minimise C&D material generation; (ii) vetting
of the C&DMMP prior to upgrading of the project to Category A in the Public
Works Programme; and (iii) providing the contractor with information from the
C&DMMP in order to facilitate him in the preparation of the Waste
Management Plan (WMP) and to minimise C&D material generation during
construction. Projects generating
less than
7.4
Assessment Methodology
7.4.1
The
methodology follows the criteria laid out in the Technical Memorandum on EIA
Process (Annexes 7 and 15). The principal legislation regulating waste is
the Waste Disposal Ordinance.
7.4.2
The
main objectives of the waste assessment are to:
(i)
identify the sources, volumes, quality and timing of
wastes arising from the construction activities;
(ii)
recommend construction waste management requirements in
terms of minimisation through project design, construction method, and site
location, identification of re-use and recycling opportunities and the
responsible party for each step of the waste management process; and
(iii)
recommend disposal sites and routes for different types
of wastes unsuitable for re-use or recycling.
7.4.3
Mitigation measures and good site practices have been
recommended with reference to the applicable waste legislation and guidelines.
7.5
Identification of Potential Sources of
Wastes
Construction Phase
7.5.1
Types
of construction and demolition material generated from the activities will be:
(i)
Site clearance materials: variable quantities of vegetative matter;
(ii)
Excavated material: inert material removed from the ground and sub-surface. Variable
quantities of excavated material will be produced during cutting operations -
but all will be reused on site for fill;
(iii)
Concrete waste: there will inevitably be a small excess of concrete and other
damaged, used and surplus construction materials arising from construction
activities throughout the project;
(iv)
General works waste: including the generation of limited quantities of wooden material
waste, chemical waste, aqueous waste, and domestic, municipal waste and sewage
from day to day activities.
7.5.2
Handling
and disposal of these wastes may cause environmental impacts and nuisance
during the construction phase if potential impacts are not properly managed and
mitigated.
7.5.3
The
HKSAR Government's construction and demolition waste management strategy is the
same as for other wastes, i.e. in order of desirability: avoidance;
minimisation; recycling; and safe disposal of construction materials. During
the detailed design stage, the engineers and environmental assessors should
work closely together with a view to reducing the volumes of materials
requiring removal and final disposal.
7.5.4
The
various types of waste arising from the Project are described in this section,
and the favoured disposal option (according to the government's strategy)
outlined for each waste material. Responsibilities for disposal and, where
possible, recycling, are discussed.
7.6
Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental
Impacts
Construction
Phase
Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials
7.6.1
Construction and demolition material (C&DM) arises
from construction activities such as site clearance and demolition works.
C&DM may include the following:
· inert portion of
C&D material (public fill) such as rock, concrete, etc.;
· non-inert portion (C&D waste) such as timber, etc.
7.6.2
The Contractor is responsible for sorting C&DM into
inert and non-inert portions. Inert portion of C&DM is fill material and
hence, should be reused on site. Surplus inert C&DM may be disposed of at
public filling areas depending on the percentage of inert content. Non-inert
portion of C&DM should be reused whichever possible and be disposed of at
landfills as the last resort.
7.6.3
Site
formation to the required level shall be undertaken by cut and fill
method. Based on the proposed
design of the third golf course, the total excavated volumes during the
construction from the Project will be
7.6.4
Minimal
amount of C&D material will be generated from the extension of the administration
and maintenance buildings at the existing golf course. The volume of C&D material is
estimated by the Project Engineer to be approximately 275m3 and
would comprise mostly broken concrete, brick and cement plaster/mortar. Such materials cannot be reused on-site
and will require disposal. It is considered that the handling and disposal of
site clearance waste would not be a key issue and the potential environmental
impact arising from handling and disposal of such waste would be negligible.
7.6.5
C&D
material also would be generated during site clearance and the estimated volume
is approximately 40,000m3 of which 70% is assumed to be vegetation
(28,000m³) and 30% to be top soil (12,000m³). Most of the top soil and vegetation (70%)
is expected to be reused on site.
Only when the excavated soil cannot complies with specification for use
in backfilling would be delivered to designated public filling facilities. Small amount of surplus vegetation that
cannot be reused as mulch/compost would need to be disposed to landfill.
7.6.6
Depending
on the nature of the construction waste generated, these surplus wastes that
are not suitable for reuse on-site should be collected by a waste collector
under arrangement with the Contractor and deposited at a designated public
filling facilities and/or landfills.
The Contractor should ensure that the necessary waste disposal permits
are obtained prior to the collection of waste.
7.6.7
A
summary of the estimated volumes of excavated material generated from
earthworks for the proposed third golf course, as well as C&D material
generated from the demolition of administration and maintenance and from site
clearance is presented in Table 7.4 below.
Table 7.4 Summary
of Estimated Excavated Material in Bulk Volume (2006-2008)
|
Construction activities |
Volume of C&D Material (m3) |
Volume of C&D Material to be re-used (m3) |
Surplus inert C&D Material (m3)1 |
Surplus non-inert material (m3)2 |
|
Site clearance |
40,000 |
28,000 |
3,600 |
8,400 |
|
Excavation |
530,000 |
530,000 |
0 |
0 |
|
Extension of administration and maintenance building |
275 |
0 |
275 |
0 |
|
Total |
570,275 |
558,000 |
3,875 |
8,400 |
Notes:
1) The proposed public filling facility is likely to be the fill bank at
Tseung Kwan O Area 137
(subject to confirmation by CEDD)
2) The proposed landfill site is likely to be
(subject to confirmation by
Chemical Waste
7.6.8
It is
difficult to quantify the amount of chemical waste that will arise from the
construction activities since it would be highly dependent on the Contractor’s
on-site maintenance requirements and the number of plant utilised. However, it is anticipated that the
quantity of chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and solvent produced from
plant maintenance, would be small and in the order of a few hundred litres per
month. The amount of chemical waste expected to be generated would be
quantified in the site Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor.
7.6.9
The
potential hazards if chemical wastes arising during the construction phase include:
(i)
Toxic
effects to workers;
(ii)
Adverse
impacts on water quality from spills (impacts on fresh water biotia); and
(iii)
Fire
hazards
7.6.10
Materials
classified as chemical wastes will require special handling and storage
arrangements. Such waste should be
collected by licenced chemical waste collector for subsequent disposal at
licenced waste disposal facilities, such as Chemical Waste Treatment Facility
at Tsing Yi. Wherever possible
opportunities should be taken to reuse and recycle materials. Provided that the handling, storage and
disposal of chemical wastes are in accordance with these requirements, adverse
environmental impacts are not expected to result.
Sewage from Construction Workforce
7.6.11 Sewage arising will be generated from:
(i)
Construction
workforce; and
(ii)
Site office's sanitary facilities.
7.6.12 If not properly
managed, the untreated sewage could cause odour and potential health risks to
the workforce by attracting pests and other disease vectors. The exact number of construction workers
to be employed on-site is unavailable at this stage. It is expected to be approximately 500
workers during peak construction period for 6 months.
7.6.13
As the
workers will be scattered along the proposed third golf course, the most
cost-effective solution will be to provide adequate number of portable toilets
at sub-divided construction areas to ensure that sewage from site staff is
properly collected. Depending on site conditions and site activities, the
locations and number of portable toilets will be determined in the Waste
Management Plan (WMP) to be submitted by the Contractor. No adverse waste impact is envisaged provided that maintenance by
licensed contractors is conducted regularly.
General Refuse
7.6.14 The Project would generate general refuse
including paper and food waste. The amount that may be produced is dependent on
the size of the workforce at site. Potential environmental impacts of general refuse
include odour (if waste is not collected frequently), windblown litter, water
quality impacts (if waste enters water bodies), and visual impacts. The refuse
may also attract pests and vermin if the storage areas are not well maintained
and cleaned regularly. In addition, disposal of waste at sites other than
approved waste transfer or disposal facilities can also lead to environmental
impacts.
7.6.15
Release
of general refuse into rivers/streams and marine waters should not be permitted
as introduction of these wastes is likely to have detrimental effects on water
quality in the area. Effective collection of site wastes would be
required to prevent waste materials being blown around by wind, flushed or
leached into the freshwater and marine environment, and odour nuisance.
Disposal of refuse at sites other than approved waste transfer or disposal
facilities can also result in similar impacts.
7.6.16 The exact number of workers to be employed for the project is not
available at this stage. It is
expected to be approximately 500 workers during peak construction period for 6
months. Assuming a generation rate
of 1.11 kg per person per day (
Marine Dredged
Sediment
7.6.17 It is proposed that dredging will be
carried out for the intake and outfall pipelines for the proposed desalination
plant near to the existing pier. The total volume of dredged sediment for the
Project is estimated to be approximately
7.6.18 In order to minimize any potential adverse
impacts arising from the dredged marine sediment, the sediment should be
dredged, transported and disposed of in a manner that minimises the loss of
contaminants either into solution or by resuspension. Mitigation measures to
minimise potential environmental impacts are recommended in Section 7.7. It is
anticipated that, with the implementation of mitigation measures, no
unacceptable impacts will result from the transportation and disposal of the
dredged sediment.
7.6.19 A Sediment
Quality Report was prepared as per the requirements given in the ETWB TCW No.
34/2002 “Management of Dredged / Excavated Sediment”. The Final Sediment Quality Report
has been approved by
Operational Phase
7.6.20
The
operational phase of the Project, on the other hand, is not expected to
generate significant quantities of waste.
The volume of waste generated by the golfer will be minimal and will
only cause marginally increase to the current volume generated by the existing
golf courses. The current waste
management and disposal arrangement of the existing golf course are adequate to
cater for the increase.
7.7
Proposed Mitigation
Measures for Construction Waste
Good site practices
7.7.1
Appropriate
waste handling, transportation and disposal methods for all waste arisings
generated during the construction works at the proposed project should be
implemented to ensure that construction wastes do not enter the nearby fresh
coastal waters of Port Shelter.
7.7.2
It is
expected that adverse impacts from waste management would not arise, provided
that good site practices are strictly followed. Recommendations for good
site practices during construction include:
u
nomination of approved personnel, such as a site
manager, to be responsible for good site practices, and making arrangements for
collection of all wastes generated at the site and effective disposal to an
appropriate facility;
u
training of site personnel in proper waste management
and chemical waste handling procedures;
u
provision of sufficient waste disposal points and
regular collection for disposal;
u
appropriate measures to minimise windblown litter and
dust during transportation of waste by either covering trucks or by
transporting wastes in enclosed containers;
u
regular cleaning and maintenance programme for
drainage systems, sumps and oil interceptors;
u
a Waste Management Plan should be prepared and should be submitted to the Engineer for approval. One may make
reference to ETWB TCW No. 15/2003 for details; and
u
a
recording system for the amount of wastes generated, recycled and disposed
(including the disposal sites) should be proposed.
7.7.3
Appropriate
waste handling, transportation and disposal methods for all waste arisings
generated during the construction works should be implemented to ensure that
construction wastes do not enter the marine waters.
Waste Reduction Measures
7.7.4
Good
management and control can prevent the generation of significant amounts of
waste. Waste reduction is best achieved at the planning and design stage,
as well as by ensuring the implementation of good site practices.
Recommendations to achieve waste reduction include:
u
segregation and storage of different types of waste in
different containers, skips or stockpiles to enhance reuse or recycling of
materials and their proper disposal;
u
separate labelled bins shall be provided to segregate
aluminium cans from other general refuse generated by the work force, and to
encourage collection of by individual collectors;
u
any unused chemicals or those with remaining
functional capacity shall be recycled;
u
maximising the use of reusable steel formwork to
reduce the amount of C&D material;
u
prior to disposal of C&D waste, it is recommended
that wood, steel and other metals shall be separated for re-use and / or
recycling to minimise the quantity of waste to be disposed of to landfill;
u
proper storage and site practices to minimise the
potential for damage or contamination of construction materials;
u
plan and stock construction materials carefully to
minimise amount of waste generated and avoid unnecessary generation of waste;
and
u
minimize over ordering of concrete, mortars and cement
grout by doing careful check before ordering.
7.7.5
In
addition to the above good site practices and waste reduction measures,
specific mitigation measures are recommended below for the identified waste
arisings to minimise environmental impacts during handling, transportation and
disposal of these wastes.
Site Clearance Waste
7.7.6
Scrub
and other vegetation will be stripped for the tees, fairways, greens and access
roads. The normal route for disposal for such material is landfill but in this
case it is proposed that vegetation is passed through a "chipper" to
break down the material into a medium that can be used as mulch / compost and
provide a seed-bank for natural hydroseeding of exposed areas.
7.7.7
Non-inert
materials should be kept separate and reused on-site as fill in preference to
disposal at public filling areas which are operated by CEDD or disposal at
landfill.
Excavated
Materials
7.7.8
Material
generated during open cut works, and access route formation will comprise rock
and soil and all this material will be reused in the site shaping process. It
is anticipated that there will be no material requiring disposal off-site in
public filling areas.
Construction and Demolition (C&D) Material
7.7.9
The
C&D material generated from the site formation and demolition works should
be sorted on-site into inert C&D material and C&D waste. In order to
minimise the impact resulting from collection and transportation of C&D
material for off-site disposal, the excavated material comprising fill material
should be reused on-site as backfilling material. C&D waste, such as wood,
plastic, steel and other metals should be reused or recycled and, as a last
resort, disposed of to landfill. A suitable area(s) should be designated within
the site for temporary stockpiling of C&D material and to facilitate the
sorting process. The stockpiling/sorting area should be located far away
from the identified sensitive receivers (such as water bodies).
Site
fencing
7.7.10
Some site
fencing may be required during construction phase of the Project. Attention should be paid to WBTC No. 19/2001
which introduce a new policy requiring the use of metallic site hoardings and
signboards in order to reduce the amount of timber used on construction sites.
Metallic alternatives to timber (softwood, softwood veneered plywood, composite
boards etc.) are now readily available in the market and have been widely used
for site hoarding and signboards. These metallic alternatives are more
sustainable and environmentally friendly than timber and can be re-used many
times and thereafter recycled for other uses. Furthermore, the wider use of
these re-usable and recyclable materials can help to reduce the amount of
construction and demolition C&D) waste generated from construction sites
and in turn preserve the valuable capacity of the landfills.
7.7.11
A
summary of the construction and demolition materials arising as a result of the
likely construction works is presented in Table 7.5.
Table
7.5 Construction Waste Arising as a Result of Construction Works
|
Major Activities |
Waste Type(s) |
Disposal |
|
Site Clearance |
Vegetation Topsoil |
Reuse as mulch /
Compost Used for landscaping |
|
Demolition (limited
to small portion at the administration building located at the existing golf
courses) |
Concrete Bricks/Tiles Ferrous Metal |
Public Filling Area Public Filling Area Recycle |
|
Site Formation /
Ground shaping |
Fill Materials |
To be reused onsite |
|
General Site
Activities |
Sewage wastes Municipal wastes Chemical waste oil |
Sewage treatment
works Recycle or landfill CWTC / Licensed
Contractor |
Remarks:
CWTC
- Chemical Waste Treatment Centre, Tsing Yi
The
inert materials should be reused on-site before disposal of at public filling
areas or landfills.
Chemical
Waste
7.7.12
Where
the construction processes produce chemical waste, the Contractor must register
with
7.7.13
The
major chemical waste types arising from the construction sites are likely to be
oils, lubricants, paints and solvents. Oil waste may be in the form of raw
waste, or as sundries such as spent oil filters, or materials used to absorb
oil leaks. Storage and disposal of these wastes are discussed below.
7.7.14
Hard
standing surfaces draining via oil interceptors shall be provided in works area
compounds. Interceptors will be regularly emptied to prevent release of oils
and grease into the surface water drainage system after accidental spillages.
The interceptor should have a bypass to prevent flushing during periods of
heavy rain. Oil and fuel bunkers should be bunded to prevent discharge due to
accidental spillages or breaches of tanks. Waste collected from any grease
traps should be collected and disposed of by a licensed contractor.
7.7.15
Any
construction plant which is likely to leak oil, should have absorbent inert
material e.g. sand, placed beneath it. This material should be replaced on a
regular basis and the contaminated material should be stored in a designated,
secure place. Any sand used for soaking oil waste is classified as chemical
waste and should be disposed of in accordance with the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulations.
7.7.16
Lubricants
and waste oils are likely to be generated during the maintenance of vehicles
and mechanical equipment. Used lubricants will be collected and stored in
individual containers which are fully labelled. The containers should be stored
in a designated secure place. If possible such waste should be sent to oil
recycling companies; there are also companies which collect empty oil drums for
reuse or refill.
7.7.17
Oil
and lubricant wastes are classified as chemical wastes, and if not recycled,
should be collected by licensed collector and should be treated at the Chemical
Waste Treatment Centre, Tsing Yi, or other sites licensed for disposal of waste
oil. A trip ticket system operates to control the movement of such chemical
waste and tickets have to be produced upon the request of
7.7.18
Some
paints and solvents are classified as chemical waste and, if used on site, will
be subject to the stringent requirements of the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation. Empty paint
cans should be recycled or collected as waste. Any dry paint waste should be
swept up and collected in containers for disposal.
7.7.19
No
lubricants, oils, solvents or paint products should be allowed to discharge
into water courses, either by direct discharge, or as contaminants carried in
surface water runoff from the construction site.
Sewage
7.7.20 An adequate number
of portable toilets should be provided for the on-site construction
workforce. The portable toilets
shall be maintained in a state that will not deter the workers from using
them.
General Refuse
7.7.21
General
refuse should be stored in enclosed bins or compaction units separate from
C&D material. A reputable waste collector should be employed by the
contractor to remove general refuse from the site, separately from C&D
material. An enclosed and covered area is preferred to reduce the
occurrence of 'wind blown' light material.
7.7.22
Solid
and liquid wastes will be generated by the construction workers during the
clearance/construction period. The refuse (mainly non-recyclable materials)
will be collected regularly in black refuse bags and delivered to the existing
solid waste disposal system and transferred to landfill for disposal.
Marine Sediments
7.7.23
The
basic requirements and procedures for dredged mud disposal are specified under
the ETWB TCW No. 34/2002. The
management of the dredging, use and disposal of marine mud is monitored by the Marine
Fill Committee (
7.7.24
The
dredged marine sediments will be loaded onto barges and transported to the
designated disposal site. Category
L sediments were found at the proposed dredging area and therefore the
sediments are suitable for open sea disposal. At this stage in the engineering design,
it is estimated that
7.7.25
During
transportation and disposal of the dredged marine sediments, the following
measures should be taken to minimise potential impacts on water quality:
u
Bottom opening of barges shall be fitted with tight
fitting seals to prevent leakage of material. Excess material shall be cleaned from
the decks and exposed fittings of barges and hopper dredgers before the vessel
is moved.
u
Monitoring of the barge loading shall be conducted to
ensure that loss of material does not take place during transportation. Transport barges or vessels shall be
equipped with automatic self-monitoring devices as specified by the DEP.
7.8
Evaluation of Residual Impact
7.8.1
With
the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures for the handling,
transportation and disposal of the identified waste arisings, residual impacts
would not be expected during the construction of the proposed works.
7.9
Environmental Monitoring and Auditing
7.9.1
Waste
management would be the contractor’s responsibility to ensure that all wastes
produced during the construction of the Project are handled, stored and
disposed of in accordance with good waste management practices and EPD’s
regulations and requirements. The recommended mitigation measures should form
the basis of the site Waste Management Plan to be developed by the Contractor
at the construction stage.
7.10
Conclusion
7.10.1 An assessment of
potential environmental impacts from wastes of the proposed project has been
conducted. Key issues are the requirements for effective waste management
planning during the construction phase. The operational phase is not expected
to generate any significant amount of wastes.
7.10.2 Waste management
methods and practices and other environmental control measures for the
construction phase have been recommended to ensure that potential impacts are
avoided or mitigated to acceptable levels. Provided all the suggested
mitigation measures are properly implemented, potential environmental impacts
associated with wastes from the Project would be insignificant.