Annex B

List of Floral and Faunal Species Recorded Within the Study Area

Ta Table A Category (Primary or Secondary) of the Bird Species Recorded within Hong Kong (Records from the Literature)

Family	Category	Criteria
Fregatidae	Secondary Species	The Frigate Birds are oceanic birds which are also long-distant migrants. Despite this the species is now classified as ‘Occasional Visitor’ to Hong Kong, the species is not regularly reported in Hong Kong waters. Therefore it is classified as secondary species in the study.
Ardeidae	Primary Species	The group includes the egrets, herons and bitterns. Ciconiiformes herons & storks terns are considered to be particularly, or potentially, sensitive to wind farm. Therefore this species is classified as primary species.
Rallidae	Secondary Species	White-breasted Waterhen and Water Cock utilizes wetland and usually will not fly high, that they are classified as secondary species.
Accipitridae	Primary Species	Accipitridae raptors are considered to be particularly, or potentially, sensitive to wind farm, and therefore they are all classified as primary species.
Falconidae	Primary Species	As the species utilizes open area and the study area is a possible foraging habitat, it is classified as primary species.
Charadriidae	Primary Species	Charadriiformes waders are considered to be particularly, or potentially, sensitive to wind farm. Despite the species utilizes wetlands and is unlikely to fly over the study area, this species is still classified as primary species.
Scolopacidae	Secondary Species	The Ruddy Turnstone utilizes wetlands and therefore it is classified as secondary species. Other members from this family include the Common Sandpiper, Little Stint, Red-necked Phalarope, Curlew Sandpiper and Eurasian Woodcock. As the study area does not contain suitable habitat for these species, they are all classified as secondary species.
Laridae	Primary/ Secondary Species	This group includes gulls, terns and Jaeger. Black-tailed Gull, Black-headed Gull, Whiskered Tern, White-winged Tern, Common Tern, Roseate Tern, Aleutian Tern, Gull-billed Tern and Long-tailed Jaeger are considered to be particularly, or potentially, sensitive to wind farm that those species are classified as primary species. As the remaining species recorded in this group utilize open water and are unlikely to fly over the study area, they are all classified as secondary species.
Columbidae	Primary/ Secondary Species	Emerald Dove and Spotted Dove utilizes habitats similar to those in the study area and may fly over them, it is classified as primary species. Rock Dove utilizes open area near human settlement. As there is only limited human settlement around the study area, it is classified as secondary species.
Alcedinidae	Primary/ Secondary Species	The White-throated Kingfisher utilizes habitat similar to the study area in the close vicinity of the proposed site of the construction of wind turbine. Therefore it is classified as primary species. The study area does not contain suitable habitat for the Common Kingfisher and the Pied Kingfisher, and therefore they are classified as secondary species. Hoopoe is a ground feeding bird on open lawn and grassland and is therefore classified as secondary species.
Coracidae	Primary Species	Dollarbird utilizes similar habitats as those in the study area, and therefore it is also classified as primary species.
Cuculidae	Primary/ Secondary Species	This group consists of koel, cuckoos and coucals. As all of these species utilize woodland habitat and are unlikely to fly over the study area, they are classified as secondary species. Greater Coucal and Lesser Coucal were recorded in this study. They utilize shrubland and woodland edge which also provided by the study area. The possibilities of these species flying over the study area lead to their primary species status.
Apodidae	Primary Species	Pacific Swift and Little Swift are aerial-forager and may fly over the study area, they are classified as primary species.
Hirundinidae	Primary Species	Barn Swallow is aerial-forager and may fly over the study area, it is classified as primary species.
Passeridae	Secondary Species	Tree Sparrow is not a strong flyer and is unlikely to fly over the study area and is classified as secondary species.
Motacillidae	Secondary Species	This group contains the wagtails. As the study area does not contain suitable habitat for the species, they are therefore classified as secondary species.
Campephagidae	Secondary Species	Black-winged Cuckoo-shrike utilizes woodland and is unlikely to fly over the study area, therefore it is classified as secondary species.
Laniidae	Primary Species	The study area has suitable foraging area for both species of Brown Shrike and Long-tailed Shrike that they may fly over the study area, therefore they are classified as primary species.
Pycnonotidae	Primary Species	Red-whiskered Bulbul, Chinese Bulbul and Sooty-headed Bulbul utilize habitats similar to the study area and may fly over the proposed site for wind turbine, they are classified as primary species.
Turdidae	Primary/ Secondary Species	This group includes bushchat, rubythroat, robins, redstart and thrushes. The species forages in rocky area and the study area has suitable foraging area for the species, and it may fly over the study area. Therefore it is classified as primary species. Grey Bushchat, Siberian Rubythroat and Daurian Redstart utilize habitats similar to the study area and may fly over the proposed wind turbine, they are classified as primary species. Other thrushes such as Scaly Thrush, Grey-backed Thrush, Pale Thrush, Blue Whistling Thrush and Oriental Magpie Robin utilize woodland and are unlikely to fly over the study area, therefore they are classified as secondary species.
Muscicapidae	Secondary Species	This group includes the flycathers and monarch. Verditer Flycatcher, Red-throated Flycatcher, Black-naped Monarch and Grey-streaked Flycatcher utilize woodland and are unlikely to fly over the study area, and therefore are classified as secondary species.
Paridae	Secondary Species	Great Tit utilizes woodland and is unlikely to fly over the study area, it is classified as secondary species.
Timaliidae	Secondary Species	White-browed Laughing, Masked Laughing Thrush and Hwamei forage at the undergrowth and it unlikely to fly over the area, therefore they are classified as secondary species.
Sylviidae	Secondary Species	Although Lanceolated Warbler utilizes habitats similar to the study area, it usually moves around by flying short distance and low about ground, and is unlikely to fly over the study area. It is therefore classified as secondary species. Pallas’s Leaf Warbler, Pale-legged Leaf Warbler, Common Tailorbird Artic Warbler, Yellow-bellied Prinia, Yellow-browed Warbler and Dusky Warbler forage in woodland area and are unlikely to fly over the study are, therefore they are all classified as secondary species.
Emberizidae	Secondary Species	Although both Black-faced Bunting and Little Bunting utilizes habitat similar to the study area, it usually forages close to the ground and are classified as secondary species. The Crested Bunting has now become very rare due to the disappearance of paddy field in Hong Kong, and therefore it is classified as secondary species.
Nectariniidae	Secondary Species	Fork-tailed Sunbird utilizes woodland and is unlikely to fly over the study area. It is classified as secondary species.
Zosteropidae	Secondary Species	The Japanese White-eye utilizes woodland and is unlikely to fly over the study area, it is therefore classified as secondary species.
Estrildidae	Secondary Species	Scaly-breasted Munia forage in the lower growth of vegetation, they are classified as secondary species.
Sturnidae	Primary/ Secondary Species	The Hill Myna utilizes woodland and is unlikely to fly over the study area, it is classified as secondary species. Black-collared Starling and Crested Myna utilize open area and woodland edge. The study area has suitable habitats for the species and they may fly over the proposed site for the wind turbine and therefore they are classified as primary species.
Dicruridae	Primary Species	As the study area has suitable habitats for Black Drongo and it may fly over the proposed wind turbine, it is therefore classified as primary species.
Corvidae	Primary Species	Common Magpie and Large-billed Crow may fly over the study area when foraging, therefore they are classified as primary species.

Table 1 Plant Species Recorded Within the Study Area

				Local Abundance
Species	Growth Form	Origin	Status	Plantation	Shrubland	Abandoned Wet Agricultural Land	Developed Area	Stream	Project Area
Acacia confusa	T	E	VC	A		O	A		F
Ageratum conyzoides	H	N	VC			O	O	O	F
Albizia lebbeck	T	N	C	O			F
Alocasia macrorrhiza	H	N	VC			S		S
Antirrhoea chinensis	S	N	C		O
Archidendron clypearis	S	N	VC		F
Archidendron lucidum	S	N	VC		F
Artocarpus hypargyrea *	T	E	P	S
Alyxia sinensis	C	N	VC		F
Bauhinia blackeana	T	N	VC				F
Bidens bipinnata	H	N	VC	O	O	O	F	S	A
Breynia fruticosa	S	N	VC		F
Bridelia tomentosa	S	N	VC	F				O
Callicarpa cathayana	S	N	C
Carallia brachiata	S	N	C		F
Carex chinensis	G	N	C			F	O	O	S
Cassytha filiformis	C	N	VC		F	O
Casuarina equisetifolia	T	E	VC	O			A
Celtis sinensis	T	N	C	O			F
Cerbera manghas	T	E	C	O			O
Chrysanthemum indicum	S	N	C		O	O			S
Clerodendrum fortunatum	S	N	VC		F
Clerodendrum inerme	S	N	C				O		F
Cratoxylum cochinchinensis	S	N	VC		A
Cyperus rotundus	G	N	VC			O
Dalbergia benthami	C	N	C		O
Dalbergia millettii	C	N	VC		O
Daphniphyllum calycinum	T	N	C	F
Delonix regia	T	E	VC	O			F
Desmos cochinchinensis	C	N	VC		O
Dianella ensifolia	H	N	VC		F
Dicranopteris linearis	F	N	VC		O
Digitaria sanquinalis	G	N	C			O		O
Dimocarpus longan	T	N	C	O			O
Diospyros vaccinioides	S	N	VC		O
Duranta repens	S	E	C				F
Embelia laeta	C	N	VC		F				S
Embelia ribes	C	N	C		F
Erigeron floribundus	H	N	VC			O	O	S	F
Eulophia flava *	H	N	P		S
Eurya japonica	S	N	VC		F				O
Ficus superba	T	N	VC	F			F
Ficus hispida	T	N	VC	O
Ficus variolosa	S	N	VC		F	O			O
Gardenia jasminoides	S	N	VC		F		F		O
Glochidion eriocarpum	S	N	C	O
Glochidion zeylancium	S	N	C	O	O
Gnetum montanum	C	N	C		F
Hedyotis acutangula	H	N	VC		F			O	F
Ilex asprella	S	N	VC	O					F
Ilex pubescens	S	N	C		F
Indocalamus sinicus	S	N	VC	S	O
Ipomoea cairica	C	N	VC			S	F		F
Ischaemum aristatum	G	N	VC		F	O		O	F
Itea chinensis	T	N	C		S
Lagerstroemia speciosa	T	E	VC				F
Lantana camara	S	E	VC	F		O	F	O	F
Leucaena leucocephala	S	N	VC	O		O	O		O
Ligustrum sinensis	S	N	VC				O
Litsea cubeba	T	N	C		O
Litsea glutinosa	T	N	VC	F					O
Litsea rotundifolia	S	N	VC	O	F
Livistona chinensis	P	N	VC				S
Lophostemon conferta	T	E	VC	O			O
Lygodium dichotomum	C	N	VC		F	O		O
Macaranga tanarius	T	N	VC	F		O	O
Mallotus paniculatus	T	N	C	O		O
Melaleuca leucadendron	T	E	C		F		O		O
Melastoma candidum	S	N	VC		F			S	O
Melia azedarach	T	E	C	O
Melodinus monogynus	C	N	C		F
Michelia alba	T	E	C				S
Microcos paniculata	S	N	C		O
Mikania micrantha	C	E	VC			O		S	F
Millettia reticulata	C	N	VC		F
Miscanthus sinensis	G	N	VC	O	F	O	F	S	F
Morus alba	S	N	C	S		O
Neyraudia arundinacea	G	N	VC		S	O	O	O	F
Paederia scandens	C	N	C			O
Panicum maximum	G	N	C			S
Paspalum conjugatum	G	N	C		O	O	O	O	F
Phoenix hanceana	P	N	C				O
Phyllanthus emblica	T	N	C		F
Phyllanthus cochinchinensis	S	N	VC		F
Pinus elliottii	T	E	C		O
Psychotria rubra	S	N	VC	F	S
Psychotria serpens	C	N	VC		O
Rhapis excelsa	S	N	VC		O
Rhaphiolepis indica	S	N	VC		A	O
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa	S	N	VC		F				F
Rhus chinensis	S	N	VC		F				O
Rhus succedanea	S	N	VC		F				O
Rhynchelytrum repens	G	N	VC			S	F
Rourea microphylla	C	N	C		O
Sapium discolor	S	N	C		F
Sapium sebiferum	S	N	C	O	F
Schefflera octophylla	S	N	VC	O	F			F	F
Scleria harlandi	Se	N	VC		F	A
Smilax china	C	N	VC		F
Sterculia lanceolata	T	N	C	F			O	S
Strophanthus divaricatus	C	N	VC		F
Tetracera asiatica	C	N	VC		F
Thespesia populnea	T	N	C	S	S	S	F
Tricalysia dubia	S	N	VC		O
Wedelia chinensis	C	N	VC	O		O		F	F
Zanthoxylum avicennae	S	N	VC		F
Zingiber officinale	H	N	C			D		O
Total no. of Species				33	62	31	33	20	29

Abundance: A=Abundant; F=Frequent; O=Occasional; S=Scarce

Status: C=Common; VC=Very Common; P=Protected

Plant Form: G=Grass; Climber; H=Herb; P=Palm; S=Shrub; T=Tree, Se=Sedge

Origin: N=Native; E=Exotic

* Indicated Species of Conservation Interest

Table 2 Bird Species Recorded within the Study Area during the Wet and Dry Surveys

Common Name	Species Name	Dry Season Habitat	Wet Season Habitat	Commonness	Status in Hong Kong	Remark
Artic Warbler	Phylloscopus borealis		S	U	WV, PM
Asian Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica	D	D	U	WV, PM
Barn Swallow	Hirudo rustica	S, D	S, P, D, R	CW	PM	Flying over
Black Drongo	Dicrurus macrocercus		S, P, D, R	CW	SV
Black Kite *	Milvus lineatus	S, P, D, R	S, P, D, R	CW	R, WV	Flying over
Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata		D	U	WV, PM
Black-collared Starling	Sturnus nigricollis	S, D	S, D, R	CW	R
Black-faced Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	S		CW	WV, PM
Blue and White Flycatcher	Cyanoptila cyanomelana	D		R	PM
Blue Magpie	Urocissa erythrorhyncha	S, P, R	S, P	CW	R
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius	S		U	WV, PM
Blue Whistling Thrush	Myiophoneus caeruleus	S, P	S, P	CW	R
Brown Shrike	Lanius cristatus		S, P	U	PM
Chestnut Bulbul	Hypsipetes castanonotus	S, P		R	R, WV
Chinese Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis	S, P, D	S, P, D, R	CW	R
Common Black Bird	Turdus merula	S, P	P	U	WV, PM
Common Buzzard *	Buteo buteo	S, D		CW	R, WV	Flying over
Common Kestrel *	Falco tinnunculus	S, D		U	WV, PM
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	D	D	CW	R	Coastal area
Common Koel	Eudynamis scolopacea	P, D	S, P, D, R	CW	R
Common Magpie	Pica pica	S, P, D, R	S, R	CW	R
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	D		CW	WV, PM	Coastal area
Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius	S, P, D	S, P, D	CW	R
Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	D		U	WV	Coastal area
Crested Goshawk *	Accipiter trivirgatus		S	R	R	Flying over
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	S, D, R	S, D, R	CW	R
Daurian Redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus	S, P, D, R	D	U	WV
Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus	S, P, D		U	WV, PM
Feral Pigeon	Columba livia	S, D	R	U	I
Fork-tailed Sunbird	Aethopyga christinae	S, P		CW	R
Great Egret	Ardea alba	D		CW	R, WV	At pier
Great Tit	Parus major	S, P, D	S, P, D, R	CW	R
Greater Coucal *	Centropus sinensis	S, P, D	S, P, D, R	CW	R
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	D		U	WV	Coastal area
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea	R		CW	WV, PM
Grey-backed Thrush	Turdus hortulorum	S, P, D		U	WV, PM
Grey-streaked Flycatcher	Muscicapa griseisticta		S, D	R	PM
Hair-crested Drongo	Dicrurus hottentottus	S		U	R, PM
House Swift	Apus nipalensis	D	S	CW	R, PM	Flying over
Indian Cuckoo	Cuculus micropterus		P	U	SV
Japanese Thrush	Turdus cardis	S		R	WV
Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonicus	S, P, D, R	S, P, D, R	CW	R, WV
Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchos	S, D	S, D, R	CW	R
Light-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis	S, P, D	S, P, D, R	CW	R
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	D		CW	R	Coastal area
Long-tailed Shrike	Lanius schach	S, D	S	CW	R
Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis	S, P	S, D	CW	R
Masked Laughing Thrush	Garrulax perspicillatus	S, P, D	S, P, D, R	CW	R
Narcissus Flycatcher	Ficedula narcissina		S	R	PM	Outside point
Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	S, P, R		CW	WV, PM
Oriental Turtle Dove	Streptopelia orientalis	S		CW	WV, PM
Pacific Reef Egret *	Egretta sacra	D	D	U	R	Coastal area
Pacific Swift	Apus pacificus	S	S, D	CW	WV, PM	Flying over
Pallas' Warbler	Phylloscopus proregulus	P		U	WV
Red-flanked Blue-tail	Tarsiger cyanurus	P		U	WV, PM
Red-throated Flycatcher	Ficedula albicilla	S		R	WV, PM
Red-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus aurigaster	S, P, D	D	CW	R
Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus	S, P, D	S, P, D	CW	R
Richard's Pipit	Anthus richardi	S, D		CW	WV, PM
Scaly-breasted Munia	Lonchura punctulata	P, D		U	R
Siberian Rubythroat	Luscinia calliope	P		U	WV, PM
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis	S, P, D, R	S, P, D, R	CW	R
Striated Heron	Butorides striatus	R		U	SV, PM
Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus	S, R	D, R	CW	R
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	S, D	S, P	CW	WV, PM
White-backed Munia	Lonchura striata	S		CW	R
White-bellied Sea Eagle *	Haliaeetus leucogaster	S	D	U	WV	Flying over
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus	P, D		CW	R
White-shouldered Starling	Sturnus sinensis	S, D		U	WV, PM
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis	D	S, D, R	CW	R	Coastal area
Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris	S, P, D	S, P, D	CW	R
Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza aureola		S	R	PM
Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	S, P, D	R	CW	WV, PM

Note: Habitats: S = Shrubland, P = Plantation, D = Developed Area, R = Reservoir

Commonness & Distribution: CW = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localized, VR = very rare

Main Status: R = Resident, WV = Winter Visitor, SV = Summer Visitor, PM = Passage Migrant, I = Introduced Species

* Indicates Species of Conservation Interest

Table 3 Bird Species and Abundance Recorded during Point Count Surveys

Common Name	Species Name	Shrubland			Plantation			Developed Area			Reservoir
		dry	wet	overall	dry	wet	overall	dry	wet	overall	dry	wet	overall
Artic Warbler	Phylloccopus borealis		1	1
Asian Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica							1	1	2
Barn Swallow	Hirudo rustica	32	10	42		3	3	2	3	5		4	4
Black Drongo	Dicrrurus macrocerus		3	3		1	1		4	4		1	1
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	203	38	241	9	4	13	23	7	30	2	6	8
Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata								1	1
Black-collared Starling	Sturnus nigrocollis	13	2	15				11	6	17		4	4
Black-faced Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	12		12
Blue and White Flycatcher	Cyanoptila cyanomelana							1		1
Blue Magpie	Urocissa erythrorhyncha	10	1	11	2	2	4				2		2
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius	2		2
Blue Whistling Thrush	Myiophoneus caeruleus	4	1	5	2	1	3
Brown Shrike	Lanius cristatus		1	1		1	1
Chestnut Bulbul	Hypsipetes castanonotus	7		7	8		8
Chinese Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis	96	17	113	60	9	69	56	15	71		2	2
Common Black Bird	Turdus merula	4		4	2	1	3
Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	4		4				1		1
Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	3		3				1		1
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis							1	1	2
Common Koel	Eudynamis scolopacea		1	1	1	5	6	2	2	4		1	1
Common Magpie	Pica pica	9	2	11	9		9	3		3	1	4	5
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos							2		2
Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius	2	2	4	2	2	4	5	4	9
Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo							19		19
Crested Goshawk	Accipiter trivirgatus		1	1
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	26	18	44				10	11	21	9	8	17
Daurian Redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus	5		5	3		3	1	1	2	1		1
Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus	2		2	2		2	1		1
Feral Pigeon	Columba livia	2		2				1		1		1	1
Fork-tailed Sunbird	Aethopyga christinae	2		2	3		3
Great Tit	Parus major	15	2	17	3	3	6	3	1	4		1	1
Greater Coucal	Centropus sinensis	1	1	2	2	2	4	2	1	3		1	1
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea							2		2
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinera										1		1
Grey-backed Thrush	Turdus hortulorum	7		7	5		5	3		3
Grey-streaked Flycatcher	Muscicapa griseisticta		1	1					1	1
Hair-crested Drongo	Dicrurus hottentottus	2		2
House Swift	Apus apus		2	2				1		1
Indian Coukoo	Cuculus micropterus					1	1
Japanese Thrush	Turdus cardis	2		2
Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonicus	34	3	37	13	2	15	7	9	16	1	3	4
Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchos	4	3	7				6	3	9		1	1
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta							1		1
Long-tailed Shrike	Lanius schach	3	4	7				3		3
Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis	3	1	4	1		1		3	3
Masked Laughing Thrush	Garrulax perspicillatus	32	7	39	11	16	27	7	12	19		6	6
Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	8		8	1		1				3		3
Oriental Turtle Dove	Streptopelia orientalis	2		2
Pacific Reef Egret	Egretta sacra							3	1	4
Pacific Swift	Apus pacificus	6	2	8
Pallas' Warbler	Phylloscopus proregulus				1		1
Red-flanked Blue-tail	Tarsiger cyanurus				1		1
Red-throated Flycatcher	Ficedula albicilla	1		1
Red-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus aurigaster	6		6	1		1	2	2	4
Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus	11		11	11		11	16		16
Richard's Pipit	Anthus richardi	1		1	0			1		1
Scaly-breasted Munia	Lonchura pun				2		2	4		4
Siberian Rubythroat	Luscinia calliope	0			1		1
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis	16	8	24	2	1	3	8	4	12	4	14	18
Straited Heron	Butorides striatus										1		1
Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus	34		34					4	4	6	2	8
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	1	2	3		1	1	6		6
White-backed Munia	Lonchura striata	3		3
White-bellied Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus leucogaster	3		3					1	1
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus				1		1	1		1
White-shouldered Starling	Sturnus sinensis	1		1				1		1
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smrnensis		1	1				2	2	4		1	1
Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris	26	11	37	10	7	17	6	3	9
Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza aureola		1	1
Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	8		8	7		7	5		5		1	1
	Number of species	45	29	54	30	18	34	40	26	46	11	18	23
	Total number of individuals	668	147	815	176	62	238	231	103	334	31	61	92

Table 4 Flight Attempts of All Primary Bird Species Recorded within Zone 5 within Dry Season. Observation time was 3 hours ( 180 minutes) per day. Each of the Flight Attempt has lasted for not more than 30 seconds.

		Mean Utilisation Rate (Birds/min)	Day 1 (19^th Dec 05)			Day 2 (12th Jan 2006)			Day 3 (8^th Feb 2006)			Day 4 (22^nd Feb 2006)			Day 5 (21^th Mar 2006)
Weather			Overcast			Sunny			Sunny			Sunny			Overcast
Wind Direction			225(			225(			270(			225(			225(
Visibility			< 1km			>2 km			>2 km			>2km			< 1km
Flight height		Height	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m
Bird Species	Behaviour recorded		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Black Kite Milvus migrans	Foraging	0.0277	-	1	-	-	7	-	-	6	-	-	5	-	-	6	-
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus	Foraging	0.0033	-	1	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pacific Swift Apus pacificus	Foraging	0.0022	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-

Table 5 Flight Attempts of All Primary Bird Species Recorded within Zone 5 in Wet Season. Observation time was 3 hours (180 minutes) per day. Each of the Flight Attempt has lasted for not more than 30 seconds.

		Mean Utilisation Rate (Birds/min)	Day 1 (20^th Apr 2006)			Day 2 (24^th Apr 2006)			Day 3 (4^th May 2006)
Weather			Overcast			Cludy			Overcast
Wind Direction			270(			270(			270(
Visibility			< 1km			< 1 km			< 1 km
Flight height		Height	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m	<10m	>10m<100m	>100m
Bird Species	Behaviour recorded
Black Kite Milvus migrans	Foraging	0.0077		5						2

Table 6 Butterfly Species Recorded within the Study Area

Common Name	Scientific Name	Dry Season Habitat	Wet Season Habitat	Status
Blue Tiger	Tirumala limniace	S	S	C
Blue-spotted Crow	Euploea midamus	P, S	P	VC
Bush Hopper	Ampittia dioscorides		A	UC
Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger	Ideopsis similis	P	P	VC
Chestnut Angle	Odontoptilum angulatum		P, S	C
Chinese Peacock	Papilio bianor		P	VC
Chocolate Royal *	Remelana jangala	S	S	UC
Club Silverline *	Spindasis syama		S	UC
Common Bluebottle	Graphium sarpedon		P, S	VC
Common Crow	Euploea core	P, S	D	VC
Common Evening Brown	Melanitis leda	P	P, S, D	C
Common Grass Yellow	Eurema hecabe	S, D	P, S, A, D	VC
Common Gull	Cepora nerissa	S	P, S	C
Common Hedge Blue	Acytolepis puspa		P	C
Common Mapwing	Cyrestis thyodamas	P	P	C
Common Mime	Chilasa clytia		P, S, D	C
Common Mormon	Papilio polytes	P, S	P, S, D	VC
Common Palmfly	Elymnias hypermnestra		P	C
Common Sailor	Neptis hylas	P, S	S, D	VC
Common Sergeant	Athyma perius	S	P,S	C
Common Tiger	Danaus genutia	D		VC
Dark-brand Bush Brown	Mycalesis mineus	P, S, D	P	VC
Five-bar Swordtail	Pathysa antiphates		P	C
Grass Demon	Udaspes folus		A	R
Great Eggfly	Hypolimnas bolina	P		C
Great Mormon	Papilio memnon	P	P, D	C
Greenish Palm Bob *	Telicota ancilla	S		R
Indian Cabbage White	Pieris canidia	P, S	P, S, D	VC
Indian Fritillary *	Argyreus hyperbius	S		UC
Indian Palm Bob *	Suastus gremius	S	S	UC
Large Faun	Faunis eumeus	P	P, D	VC
Lemon Emigrant	Catopsilia pomona	S	P, S	C
Lemon Pansy	Junonia lemonias		S	C
Lime Blue	Chilades lajus	S	S	VC
Lime Butterfly	Papilio demoleus	S	S	C
Mottled Emigrant	Catopsilia pyranthe	P, S	S	C
Pale Grass Blue	Zizeeria maha	D	S, P, D	VC
Paris Peacock	Papilio paris	P, D	P, S, D	VC
Plum Judy	Abisara echerius	P, S	P, S	VC
Red Helen	Papilio helenus	S	P, S, D	VC
Red-base Jazebel	Delias pasithoe	P, S	P, S	VC
Rustic	Cupha erymanthis		S	VC
Slate Flash	Rapala manea	P, S		C
Small Banded Swift *	Pelopidas mathias	P	A	UC
South China Bush Brown	Mycalesis zonata		P	C
Straight Five-ring	Ypthima lisandra	S, D	P, S, D	C
Tailed Jay	Graphium agamemnon		S	VC
Tawny Rajah	Charaxes bernardus	P		C
Transparent Six-line Blue	Nacaduba kurava	S	P	C
White-edged Blue Baron *	Euthalia phemius	P		UC

* indicate species of conservation interest.

Habitat: P = Plantation, S = Shrubland, A = Abandoned wet agricultural land, R = Reservoir, D = Developed area

Table 7 Butterfly Species Recorded in the Study Area during Dry Season

Common Name	Scientific Name	Status	Relative Abundance
			Plantation	Shrubland	Abandoned Wet Agricutural Land	Reservoir	Stream	Developed Area
Blue Tiger	Tirumala limniace	C		1
Blue-spotted Crow	Euploea midamus	VC	1	3
Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger	Ideopsis similis	VC	1
Chocolate Royal	Remelana jangala	UC		1
Common Crow	Euploea core	VC	1	1
Common Evening Brown	Melanitis leda	C	4
Common Grass Yellow	Eurema hecabe	VC		4				2 (Project Area)
Common Gull	Cepora nerissa	C		1
Common Mapwing	Cyrestis thyodamas	C	1
Common Mormon	Papilio polytes	VC	1	1
Common Sailor	Neptis hylas	VC	1	1
Common Sergeant	Athyma perius	C		2
Common Tiger	Danaus genutia	VC						1 (Project Area)
Dark-brand Bush Brown	Mycalesis mineus	VC	2	2				1 (Project Area)
Great Eggfly	Hypolimnas bolina	C	3
Great Mormon	Papilio memnon	C	1
Greenish Palm Bob	Telicota ancilla	R		2
Indian Cabbage White	Pieris canidia	VC	2	3
Indian Fritillary	Argyreus hyperbius	UC		2
Indian Palm Bob	Suastus gremius	UC		1
Large Faun	Faunis eumeus	VC	8
Lemon Emigrant	Catopsilia pomona	C		1
Lime Blue	Chilades lajus	VC		3
Lime Butterfly	Papilio demoleus	C		2
Mottled Emigrant	Catopsilia pyranthe	C	2	1
Pale Grass Blue	Zizeeria maha	VC						1 (Project Area)
Paris Peacock	Papilio paris	VC	1					1
Plum Judy	Abisara echerius	VC	2	7
Red Helen	Papilio helenus	VC		1
Red-base Jazebel	Delias pasithoe	VC	4	4
Slate Flash	Rapala manea	C	1	2
Small Banded Swift	Pelopidas mathias	UC	1
Straight Five-ring	Ypthima lisandra	C		11				1 (Project Area)
Tawny Rajah	Charaxes bernardus	C	1
Transparent Six-line Blue	Nacaduba kurava	C		1
White-edged Blue Baron	Euthalia phemius	UC	1
	Total Species		20	24	0	0	0	6
	Total Individual		39	58	0	0	0	7

Status: VC = Very Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare.

Table 8 Butterfly Species Recorded in the Study Area during Wet Season

			Relative Abundance
Common Name	Scientific Name	Status	Shrubland	Developed Area	Reservoir	Plantation	Anandoned Wet Agricultural Land	Stream
Blue Tiger	Tirumala limniace	C	1
Blue-spotted Crow	Euploea midamus	VC				2
Bush Hopper	Ampittia dioscorides	UC					1
Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger	Ideopsis similis	VC				1
Chestnut Angle	Odontoptilum angulatum	C	1			1
Chinese Peacock	Papilio bianor	VC				1
Chocolate Royal	Remelana jangala	UC	1
Club Silverline	Spindasis syama	UC	1
Common Bluebottle	Graphium sarpedon	VC	1			2
Common Crow	Euploea core	VC		2
Common Evening Brown	Melanitis leda	C	1	1		1
Common Grass Yellow	Eurema hecabe	VC	13	2		3	2
Common Gull	Cepora nerissa	C	1			1
Common Hedge Blue	Acytolepis puspa	C				2
Common Mapwing	Cyrestis thyodamas	C				1
Common Mime	Chilasa clytia	C	3	2 (1 in Project Area)		2
Common Mormon	Papilio polytes	VC	14	1		9
Common Palmfly	Elymnias hypermnestra	C				1
Common Sailor	Neptis hylas	VC	4	1
Common Sergeant	Athyma perius	C	1			2
Common Tiger	Danaus genutia	VC
Dark-brand Bush Brown	Mycalesis mineus	VC				3
Five-bar Swordtail	Pathysa antiphates	C				1
Grass Demon	Udaspes folus	R					1
Great Eggfly	Hypolimnas bolina	C
Great Mormon	Papilio memnon	VC		1		2
Indian Cabbage White	Pieris canidia	VC	15	35 (1 in Project Area)		2
Indian Fritillary	Argyreus hyperbius	UC
Indian Palm Bob	Suastus gremius	UC	1
Large Faun	Faunis eumeus	VC		1		14
Lemon Emigrant	Catopsilia pomona	C	2			1
Lemon Pansy	Junonia lemonias	C	3
Lime Blue	Chilades lajus	VC	4
Lime Butterfly	Papilio demoleus	C	5
Mottled Emigrant	Catopsilia pyranthe	C	1
Pale Grass Blue	Zizeeria maha	VC	145	14 (2 in Projec Area)		6
Paris Peacock	Papilio paris	VC	13	3 (2 in Project Area)		11
Plum Judy	Abisara echerius	VC	17			3
Red Helen	Papilio helenus	VC	3	1		8
Red-base Jazebel	Delias pasithoe	VC	1			4
Rustic	Cupha erymanthis	VC	2
Slate Flash	Rapala manea	C
Small Banded Swift	Pelopidas mathias	UC					1
South China Bush Brown	Mycalesis zonata	C				2
Straight Five-ring	Ypthima lisandra	C	45	1 (Project Area)
Tailed Jay	Graphium agamemnon	VC	1
Tawny Rajah	Charaxes bernardus	C
Transparent Six-line Blue	Nacaduba kurava	C				1
White-edged Blue Baron	Euthalia phemius	UC
	Total Species		27	13	0	27	4	0
	Total Individuals		300	65	0	77	5	0

Status. VC = Very Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare.

Table 9 Dragonfly Species Recorded within the Study Area

Common Name	Species Name	Status	Dry Season	Wet Season
Black Threadtail	Prodasineura autumnalis	A		R
Blue Sprite	Pseudagrion microcephalum	UC		R
Common Blue Skimmer	Orthetrum glaucum	A	P	S, R A, D
Common Evening Hawker	Anaciaeschna jaspidea	UC		S
Crimson Darter	Crocothemis servilia	A		R
Fiery Emperor	Anax immaculifrons	C		S
Green Skimmer	Orthetrum sabina	C		S
Lesser Emperor	Anax parthenope	C		S
Marsh Skimmer	Orthetrum luzonicum	A		A
Orange-tailed Sprite	Ceriagrion auranticum	A		R
Pied Skimmer	Pesudothemis zonata	C		R
Red-faced Skimmer	Orthetrum chrysis	C		S
Wandering Glider	Pantala flavescens	A	P, S, D	P, S, D

Status: A = Abundance, C=Common, UC = Uncommon

Habitat: P = Plantation, S = Shrubland, A = Abandoned wet agricultural land, R = Reservoir, D = Developed area

Table 10 Dragonfly Species Recorded in the Study Area during Dry Season

Common Name	Scientific Name	Status	Relative Abundance
			Plantation	Shrubland	Abandoned Wet Agricultural Land	Reservoir	Stream	Developed Area
Common Blue Skimmer	Orthetrum glaucum	A	1
Wandering Glider	Pantala flavescens	A	1	58				1 (Project Area)
	Total Species		2	1				1
	Total Individual		2	58				1

Status: A = Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon.

Table 11 Dragonfly Species Recorded in the Study Area during Wet Season

Common names	Scientific Names	Status	Relative Abundance
			Planation	Shrubland	Abandoned Wet Agricultural Land	Reservoir	Stream	Developed Area
Black Threadtail	Prodasineura autumnalis	A				16
Blue Sprite	Pseudagrion microcephalum	UC				1
Common Blue Skimmer	Orthetrum glaucum	A		4	2	3		1 (Project Area)
Common Evening Hawker	Anaciaeschna jaspidea	UC		1
Crimson Darter	Crocothemis servilia	A				1
Fiery Emperor	Anax immaculifrons	C		1
Green Skimmer	Orthetrum sabina	C		1
Lesser Emperor	Anax parthenope	C		1
Marsh Skimmer	Orthetrum luzonicum	A			1
Orange-tailed Sprite	Ceriagrion auranticum	A				2
Pied Skimmer	Pesudothemis zonata	C				3
Red-faced Skimmer	Orthetrum chrysis	C					1
Wandering Glider	Pantala flavescens	A	15	84				34 (14 in Project Area)
	Total Species		1	6	2	6	1	2
	Total Individual		15	92	3	26	1	35

Status: A = Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon.

Table 12 Amphibian and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area during Dry Season

Common Name	Species Name	Status	Relative Abundance
			Plantation	Shrubland	Abandoned Wet Agricultural Land	Reservoir	Stream	Developed Area
Amphibians
Ornate Pygmy Frog	Microhyla ornata	A	1
Reptiles
Common House Gecko	Hemidactylus bowringi	A	2	1				1 (Project Area)
Common Blind Snake	Ramphotyphlops braminus	A	2
Copperhead Racer	Elaphe radiata	C		1
White-spotted Slug Snake	Pareas margaritophorus	C	1
	Total Species		4	2				1
	Total Individuals		6	2				1

Status: A = Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare.

Table 13 Amphibian and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area during Wet Season

Common Name	Species Name	Status	Relative Abundance
			Plantation	Shrubland	Abandoned Wet Agricultural Land	Reservoir	Stream	Developed Area
Amphibians
Three-striped Grass Frog	Rana macrodactyla	C				4
Ornate Pygmy Frog	Microhyla ornata	A		5	1	126 (8 in Project Area)
Brown Tree Frog	Polypedates megacephalus	A				24	2
Reptiles
Three-banded Box Turtle	Cuora trifasciata	R,pr,cit				1
Red-eared Slider	Trachemys scripta elegans	I				6
Chinese Gecko	Gekko chinensis	C	1
Common House Gecko	Hemidactylus bowringi	A	1	6
Garnot’s Gecko	Hemidactylus garnotii	UC		1
Changeable Lizard	Calotes versicolor	A		2
Long-tailed Skink	Mabuya longicaudata	C	2	4				1
Common Blind Snake	Ramphotyphlops braminus	A	2
Burmese Python	Python molurus	UC,pr, cit		1
Copperhead Racer	Elaphe radiata	C
Common Rat Snake	Ptyas mucosus	C,cit						1
White-spotted Slug Snake	Pareas margaritophorus	C
Chinese Cobra	Naja atra	C,cit	1
Bamboo Snake	Trimeresurus albolabris	A						1
	Total Species		5	6	1	4	1	3
	Total Individuals		7	19	1	161	2	3

Status: A = Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, I = Introduced; pr = Protected, cit = CITES listed.