Terrestrial
Ecological Resources for
Table 1 Plant Species Recorded
Within the Study Area of
Species |
Growth
Form |
Origin |
Status |
Local Abundance |
|||||||||
P |
W |
S |
G |
AWAL |
BS |
ADAL |
R |
St |
D |
||||
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
VC |
D |
|
O |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Acalypha wilkeesiana |
S |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Ageratum
conyzoides |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alocasia
macrorrhiza |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
Alysicarpus
bupleurifolius |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aporusa dioica |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Araucaria heterophylla |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
Archidendron
lucidum |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
F |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asparagus
cochinchinensis |
H |
N |
C |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atalantia
buxifolia |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
F |
|
Avicennia marina |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
Berchemia lineata |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bidens pilosa |
H |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
O |
O |
O |
O |
F |
O |
O |
A |
Blechnum orientale |
F |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Breynia fruticosa |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Bridelia tomentosa |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broussonetia
papyrifera |
S |
E |
C |
|
O |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
Caesalpinia
vernalis |
C |
N |
C |
O |
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Callicarpa
cathayana |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canthium dicoccum |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carex chinensis |
Se |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
A |
F |
F |
|
Cassytha
filiformis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
O |
F |
|
|
|
O |
O |
Casuarina
equisetifolia |
T |
N |
VC |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Celtis sinensis |
T |
N |
C |
O |
F |
O |
S |
O |
|
O |
|
O |
O |
Centella asiatica |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
O |
O |
|
F |
|
O |
|
Cerbera manghas |
T |
E |
C |
|
|
O |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Chloris barbata |
G |
E |
VC |
|
|
|
S |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
Cinnamomum
camphora |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Citrus maxima |
S |
E |
C |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clerodendrum
fragrans |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Clerodendrum
inerme |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
O |
Cocculus
orbiculatus |
C |
N |
C |
|
O |
F |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colocasia esculenta |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
A |
|
|
|
|
|
Commelina communis |
H |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
Cratoxylum
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
|
A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Crinum asiaticum |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cyperus
malaccensis |
Se |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
Dalbergia
millettii |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daphniphyllum
calycinum |
T |
N |
C |
F |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derris trifoliata |
C |
N |
C |
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Desmos
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dicranopteris
linearis |
F |
N |
VC |
|
|
O |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Digitaria
sanquinalis |
G |
N |
C |
|
|
|
A |
|
|
F |
|
F |
O |
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
Duranta repens |
S |
E |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Eichhornia
crassipes |
H |
E |
VC |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
|
O |
|
|
Embelia laeta |
C |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Embelia ribes |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eulophia flava |
H |
N |
R |
|
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euphorbia hirta |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
Eurya nitida |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Ficus hispida |
T |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
F |
O |
Ficus microcarpa |
T |
N |
VC |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
F |
O |
Ficus pumila |
C |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ficus superba |
T |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
O |
|
|
|
F |
O |
Garcinia
oblongifolia |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gardenia jasminoides |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gymnema sylvestre |
C |
N |
C |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Helicteres
angustifolia |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
F |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
Ilex asprella |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Ipomoea
brasiliensis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
Ischaemum
aristatum |
G |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
A |
F |
|
F |
|
|
F |
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
VC |
F |
F |
O |
F |
F |
|
|
F |
O |
F |
Ligustrum sinense |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liriope spicata |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Litsea glutinosa |
T |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
F |
|
|
O |
|
|
O |
O |
Litsea
rotundifolia |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ludwigia
epilobioides |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
F |
|
|
|
Lygodium
dichotomum |
C |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
O |
|
O |
|
|
|
O |
|
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
F |
Machilus chinensis |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mallotus
paniculatus |
T |
N |
C |
O |
F |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Melastoma candidum |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
Melastoma
sanguineum |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Melia azedarach |
T |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Microcos
paniculata |
T |
N |
C |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
VC |
O |
|
O |
O |
O |
|
A |
|
|
F |
Millettia
reticulata |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
Mimosa pudica |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
O |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
Miscanthus
floridulus |
G |
N |
VC |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Miscanthus
sinensis |
G |
N |
VC |
|
|
O |
O |
O |
|
O |
|
|
|
Morus alba |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
O |
|
S |
|
O |
|
|
|
Mussaenda
pubescens |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neyraudia
arundinacea |
G |
N |
VC |
|
|
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Osmunda cinnamomea |
F |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
A |
|
F |
|
|
|
Paederia scandens |
C |
N |
C |
F |
|
|
|
F |
O |
A |
|
|
A |
Pandanus forceps |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
O |
|
O |
O |
O |
|
F |
O |
Pandanus tectorius |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
F |
O |
Paspalum
conjugatum |
G |
N |
C |
|
|
|
F |
|
|
F |
|
F |
|
Pennisetum
purpureum |
G |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
P |
N |
C |
|
O |
F |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
S |
Phragmites
australis |
G |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
A |
O |
|
O |
|
|
Phyllanthus
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
Pistia stratiotes |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
|
O |
|
|
Polygonum sp. |
H |
N |
C |
O |
|
|
|
F |
|
F |
F |
F |
|
Psidium guajava |
S |
E |
C |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Psychotria rubra |
S |
N |
VC |
A |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Pteroloma
triquetrum |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pueraria lobata |
C |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
O |
|
|
|
O |
|
|
A |
Rhaphiolepis
indica |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Rhapis excelsa |
P |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rhodomyrtus
tomentosa |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
A |
O |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
Rhus chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rhus succedanea |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
Rhynchelytrum
repens |
G |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
F |
Ricinus communis |
H |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
O |
Sageretia theezans |
C |
N |
C |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sapium discolor |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Sapium sebiferum |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
O |
S |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
Scaevola sericea |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
O |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Schefflera
octophylla |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
F |
Scleria |
Se |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
F |
|
|
|
Scolopia chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
A |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Smilax china |
C |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
Sterculia
lanceolata |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
F |
|
O |
|
O |
|
F |
|
Strophanthus divaricatus |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strychnos
cathayensis |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
O |
|
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Taxillus chinensis |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thespesia populnea |
T |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
|
A |
|
|
O |
|
Thunbergia
fragrans |
C |
N |
C |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trema orientalis |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
Tricalysia dubia |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wedelia chinensis |
C |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
S |
O |
O |
F |
O |
|
O |
F |
Wikstroemia
chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wikstroemia indica |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
F |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Urena lobata |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
|
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
Verbena
officinalis |
H |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Viburnum
odoratissimum |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zanthoxylum
avicennae |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
F |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zanthoxylum
nitidum |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zoysia matrella |
G |
N |
C |
|
|
O |
|
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Total no. of
species |
|
|
|
54 |
72 |
75 |
28 |
37 |
14 |
27 |
7 |
28 |
41 |
Code
for habitat: P = plantation, W = secondary woodland, S = shrubland, G =
grassland, AWAL = abandoned wet agricultural land, BS = backshore shrubland,
ADAL = abandoned dry agricultural land, R = Reservoir, St = Stream, D = Developed
area
Code
for abundance: A=Abundant; F=Frequent; O=Occasional; S=Scarce
Code
for Status: C=Common; VC=Very Common; P=Protected, R=Rare
Code
for Plant Form: G=Grass; Climber; H=Herb; Se=Sedge; G=Grass; F=Fern; P=Palm;
S=Shrub; T=Tree
Code for Origin: N=Native; E=Exotic
Table 2a Woodlands Recorded on South Soko in
Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location |
Size of the Study Area (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of |
Number of Plant Species Record |
Floristic Diversity |
Structural Complexity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Species of Ecological/Conservation
Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current study |
120 |
Secondary
woodland and plantation 12.5 ha (10.4%) |
79 |
Low to moderate for plantation and moderate for secondary
woodland |
Low to moderate
for plantation and moderate for woodland |
Acacia
confusa for plantation and Ficus microcarpa for secondary woodland |
Nil |
ERM 1997 |
120 |
6 ha (5%) (1) |
No information |
No information |
No information |
Not specified. |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
52 |
5.2 ha (10%) (1) |
No information |
No information |
No information |
Acacia
confusa |
1 |
Aerial
Photograph 2004a |
52 |
7.8 ha (15%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Shek Kwu Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
117 |
Exotic
plantation 11.7 ha (10%) (1) |
No information |
Low |
Low to moderate |
Tristania
conferta |
Nil |
Aerial
photograph 2004b |
117 |
Exotic
plantation 11.7 ha (10%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
53 |
Exotic 2.7 ha (5%) (1) |
No information |
Low |
Low |
Tristania
conferta |
Nil |
Aerial
photograph 2004c |
53 |
Nil |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Hei Ling
Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aerial
photograph 2004d |
190 |
Exotic 38 ha (20%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2004b |
79 |
Secondary woodland
20.5 ha (26%) |
64 |
Medium |
Moderate |
Cinnamomum
camphora, Mallotus paniculatus, Sterculia lanceollata and Macraranga tanarius |
1 |
CUHK 1999 |
670 |
Fung shui
forest and secondary woodland 20.1 ha (3%) |
28 |
High |
Moderate |
Aporusa dioica,
Litchi chinensis, Psychotria rubra and Sterculia lanceolata |
No information |
Tung Lung
Chau |
|||||||
CUHK 1999 |
245 |
4.9 ha (2%) |
34 |
Low to medium |
Low |
Dimocarpus
longan, Ficus variolosa, Litsea rotundifolia, Schefflera octophylla and Sterculia lanceolata |
Nil |
Po Toi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1998 |
373 |
3.7ha (~ 1%)
(1) |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Not specified |
7 |
CUHK 1999 |
373 |
1.6 ha (0.42%) (1) |
27 |
Low |
Low |
Rhaphiolepis
indica, Sterculia lanceolata, Litsea glutinosa, Heterosmilax gaudichaudiana |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BMT/ERM 1999 |
11 |
Secondary 8.8 ha (> 80%) (1) |
120 |
High |
High |
Mallotus
paniculatus, Sterculia lanceolata, Microcos paniculata and Schefflera ocotphylla |
9 |
Little |
|||||||
BMT/ERM 1999 |
1.5 |
Secondary 1.2 ha (> 80%) (1) |
58 |
High |
High |
Microcos
paniculata and Mallotus
paniculatus |
1 |
Chi Ma Wan |
|
|
|
|
|
||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
76ha (20%) |
113 |
High |
Moderate to
high |
Aquilaria
sinensis, Bischofia javanica, Machilus chekiangensis, Ailanthus fordii, and Sterculia lanceolata |
8 |
Cheung Sha
to Lung Tseng Tau |
|
|
|
|
|
||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
Secondary
woodland and plantation 274ha (46%) |
Not specified |
Moderate |
Moderate to
high |
Tristania conferta,
Litsea glutinosa, Microcos paniculatus, Celtis tetrandra, Bridelia tomentosa,
Ficus variegata, Schefflera octophylla and Microcos paniculatus |
4 |
Tai O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2001 |
350 |
Natural
woodland 100 ha (28%) |
15 |
Moderate |
High |
Not specified |
3 |
Notes: (1)
Area estimated from the habitat map presented in the
report.
ERM 1997
- ERM (1997). Seabed Ecology Studies: Sokos Final Report CED.
Aerial photograph 2004a - Aerial photograph of
Aerial photograph 2004b - Aerial photograph of Shek Kwu Chau
at 8,000 feet dated 2nd February 2004.
Aerial photograph 2004c - Aerial photograph of
Aerial photograph 2004c - Aerial photograph of Hei Ling Chau
at 8,000 feet dated 2nd February 2004.
CUHK 1999 – CUHK (1999). Feasibility Study of
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM 1999 - Babtie BMT (
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL
2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
ERM 2001-
ERM HK Ltd (2001). Study on
Revitalisation of Tai O for planning Department. Final
report.
(2)
Area estimated from the aerial photographs
at 2004.
Table 2b Shrubland
Recorded on South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of Shrubland |
Number of Plant Species Record |
Floristic Diversity |
Structural Complexity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Species of Ecological/Conservation
Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Study |
120 |
Shrubland 86 ha (72%) |
75 |
Moderate |
Low to moderate |
Cratoxylum
cochinchinense, Celtis
sinensis, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Melastoma candidum, Ilex asprella,
Ficus microcarpa, Phyllanthus emblica, Litsea glutinosa and
Daphniphyllum calycinum. |
1 |
ERM 1997 |
120 |
Tall shrubland,
low shrubland and shrubland with grass ~108 ha (85%) (1) |
Not specified |
Moderate |
Low to moderate |
Cratoxylum
cochinchinense, Schefflera octophylla, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Melastoma sanguineum. |
Nil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
52 |
Tall shrubland,
Tall shrub with grass, Low shrubland with grass 39 ha (75%) (1) |
No information |
Low to moderate |
Low to moderate |
Rhodomyrtus
tomentosa, Breynia fruticosa, Phoenix hanceana, Phyllanthus emblica,
Cratoxylum cochinchinense, Melastoma sanguineum, Sapium sebiferum and Rhaphiolepis indica, Schefflera
octophylla. |
1 |
Aerial
photograph 2004a |
52 |
Shrubland 42 ha (80%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Shek Kwu
Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
117 |
Tall shrubland,
low shrubland and shrubland with grass 99 ha (>85%)
(1) |
No information |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Rhus
chinensis, Litsea glutinosa, Machilus velutina, Zanthoxylum avicennia, Gnetum
montanum, Morinda umbellata, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Breynia fruticosa. |
Nil |
Aerial
photograph 2004b |
117 |
Shrubland 93.6 ha (>85%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
53 |
Tall Shrubland,
low shrubland with grass, and low shrub 40 ha (75%) (1) |
No information |
Low |
Low |
Psychotria
rubra, Litsea rotundifolia, Melastoma sanguineum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa,
Schefflera octophylla, Litsea glutinosa, Sterculia lanceolata and Zanthoxyllum avicennia. |
Nil |
Aerial
photograph 2004c |
53 |
Shrublands 45 ha (85%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Hei Ling
Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aerial
photograph 2004 |
190 |
Shrubland 76 ha (40%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2004 |
79 |
Shrublands 49.5 ha (63%) (1) |
74 |
Low to moderate |
Low |
Rhodomrytus
tomentosa, Cratoxylum cochinchinense, Eurya nitida and Embelia laeta. |
Nil |
CUHK 1999 |
670 |
Tall shrubland
and low shrub 29 ha (43%) |
56 |
Moderate to
high |
Moderate to
high |
Psychotria rubra,
litsea rotundifolia, Melastoma sanguineum, Rhodomrytus tomentosa, Schefflera
octophylla, Litsea glutinosa and Sterculia lanceolata. |
1 |
Tung Lung
Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CUHK 1999 |
245 |
Tall shrubland,
Low shrubland, Grassland with low shrub 171.5 ha (70%) |
64 |
Low to moderate |
Low to moderate |
Psychotria
rubra, Litsea rotundifolia, Melastoma sanguineum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa,
Schefflera octophylla, Litsea glutinosa and Sterculia lanceolata. |
Nil |
Po Toi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1998 |
373 |
Tall shrubland,
shrubland, shrubland with grass 223ha (60%) (1) |
179 |
Moderate |
Low to moderate |
Sterculia
lanceolata, Cratoxylum cochinchinense, Machilus velutina, Dalbergia milliti,
Rhodomrytus tomentosa, Rhaphiolepis indica and Smilax spp. |
7 |
CUHK 1999 |
373 |
Tall shrubland
and low shrubland 164 ha (44%)
(1) |
54 |
Moderate |
Low |
Sterculia
lanceolata, Cratoxylum cochinchinense, Machilus velutina, Dalbergia
millettii, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Rhaphiolepis indica and Smilax spp. |
Nil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BMT/ERM 1999 |
11 |
Shrubland 1ha (10%) (1) |
128 |
High |
High |
Schefflera octophylla,
Microcos paniculata, Mallotus paniculatus, Sterculia lanceolata, Desmos
cochinchinensis, Psychotria rubra and Litsea rotundifolia |
9 |
Little |
|||||||
BMT/ERM 1999 |
1.5 |
Shrubland 0.2ha (13%) (1) |
93 |
High |
High |
Melastoma
sanguineum, Rhodomrytus tomentosa, Raphiolepis indica and Litsea rotundifolia. |
Nil |
Chi Ma Wan |
|||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
Shrubland 126ha (33%) |
127 |
Moderate to
high |
Moderate to
high |
Litsea rotundifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa,
Cratoxylum cochinchinense, Eurya nitida and Strophanthus divaricatus |
5 |
Cheung Sha
to Lung Tseng Tau |
|||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
Tall shrubland
and shrubland and grassland mosaic 247ha (41%) |
Not specified |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Sapium
discolor, Rhus chinensis, Mallotus paniculatus, Litsea rotundifolia,
Raphiolepis indica, Embelia ribes, Dalbergia hancei, Dianella ensifolia,
Baeckea fruticosa, Ilex asprella, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Dicranopteris linearis. |
Nil |
Tai O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2001 |
350 |
Shrubland and
grassland mosaic ~ 105 ha (30%) (1) |
Not specified |
Low |
Low |
Not specified |
Nil |
Notes: (1) Area estimated from
the habitat map presented in the report.
ERM 1997 - ERM
(1997). Seabed Ecology Studies: Sokos Final Report CED.
Aerial photograph 2004a - Aerial photograph of
Aerial
photograph 2004b - Aerial photograph of Shek Kwu Chau at 8,000 feet dated 2nd
February 2004.
Aerial photograph 2004c - Aerial photograph of
Aerial photograph 2004c - Aerial photograph of Hei Ling Chau at 8,000
feet dated 2nd February 2004.
CUHK 1999 – CUHK (1999). Feasibility Study of
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM 1999 - Babtie
BMT (
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
ERM 2001- ERM HK Ltd
(2001). Study on Revitalisation of Tai O
for planning Department. Final report.
(2) Area estimated from the
aerial photographs at 2004.
Table
2c Backshore Shrubland Recorded on South
Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (1) |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of Backshore
Shrubland |
Number of Plant Species Record |
Floristic Diversity |
Structural Complexity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Plant Species of
Ecological/Conservation Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
Study |
120 |
0.6ha
(0.5%) |
14 |
Low |
Low |
Thespesia
populnea, Ipomoea brasiliensis, Pittosporum tobira and Cerbera manghas |
Nil |
Chi Ma
Wan |
|||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
3.5 ha (1%) |
24 |
Low to
moderate |
Moderate |
Caesalpinia bonduc, Pandanus tectorius and Casuarina
equisetifolia |
Nil |
Note: (1) Other
outlying islands and south Lantau areas without the specified habitat are not
shown in the table.
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
.
Table 2d Grassland
Recorded on South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (3) |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of Grassland |
Number of Plant Species Record |
Floristic Diversity |
Structural Complexity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Plant Species of Ecological/
Conservation Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Study |
120 |
2 ha (1.8%) |
28 |
Low |
Low |
Digitaria sanquinalis, Ischaemum
aristatum and Paspalum conjugatum |
Nil |
ERM 1997 |
120 |
4 ha (3 %) (1) |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Nil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
52 |
5 ha (10%) (1) |
No information |
Low |
Low |
Arundinella
setosa, Ischaemum spp.,
and Neyraudia reynaudiana |
Nil |
Aerial
photograph 2004 |
52 |
8 ha (15%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Shek Kwu Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
117 |
6 ha (5%) (1) |
No information |
Low |
Low |
Arundinella
setosa, Ischaemum spp.,
and Neyraudia reynaudiana |
Nil |
Aerial
photograph 2004 |
117 |
6 ha (5%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
53 |
11 ha (20%) (1)
|
No information |
Low |
Low |
No information |
Nil |
Aerial
photograph 2004 |
53 |
8 ha (15%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Hei Ling Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aerial
photograph 2004 |
190 |
19 ha (10%) (2) |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2004b |
79 |
Shrubby
grassland 8 ha (10 %) |
25 |
Low |
Low |
Ischaemum
aristatum and
Eriachne pallescens |
Nil |
CUHK 1999 |
670 |
Grassland with
lowshrub 230 ha (31%) |
20 |
Low |
Low |
Ischaemum spp. and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa |
Nil |
Tung Lung
Chau |
|||||||
CUHK 1999 |
245 |
46 ha (19%) |
23 |
Low |
Low |
Axonopus
compressus, Digitaria spp.
and Eleusina indica |
Nil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1998D |
373 |
60 ha (15%) |
Not specified |
Low |
Low |
Arundinella
nepalensis, Eulalia spp., Ischaemom spp. and Cymbopogon spp. |
Nil |
CUHK 1999 |
373 |
12 ha (3%) |
22 |
Low |
Low |
Arundinella
setosa, Ischaemum spp.,
and Neyraudia reynaudiana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BMT/ERM 1999 |
11 |
6 ha (5%) |
56 |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Embelia
laeta, Cymbopogon sp. |
4 |
Little |
|||||||
BMT/ERM 1999 |
1.5 |
0.1 ha (5%) |
71 |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Embelia
laeta, Cymbopogon sp. |
4 |
Chi Ma Wan |
|||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
29 ha (7.6%) |
56 |
Low |
Low |
Arundinella
setosa, Ischaemum spp.,
Neyraudia reynaudiana, Axonopus compressus, Digitaria spp. and Eleusina
indica |
Nil |
Cheung Sha
to Lung Tseng Tau |
|||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
43.5 ha or 7.3% |
Not specified |
Low |
Low |
Arundinella
setosa, Ischaemum sp. and
Cymbopogon sp. |
Nil |
Notes: (1) Area estimated from the habitat map
presented in the report.
ERM 1997
- ERM (1997). Seabed Ecology Studies: Sokos Final Report CED.
Aerial photograph 2004a - Aerial photograph of
Aerial photograph 2004b - Aerial photograph of Shek Kwu Chau
at 8,000 feet dated 2nd February 2004.
Aerial photograph 2004c - Aerial photograph of
Aerial photograph 2004c - Aerial photograph of Hei Ling Chau
at 8,000 feet dated 2nd February 2004.
CUHK 1999 – CUHK (1999). Feasibility Study of
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM
1999 - Babtie BMT (
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
ERM 2001-
ERM HK Ltd (2001). Study on
Revitalisation of Tai O for planning Department. Final
report.
(2) Area estimated from the aerial photographs
at 2004.
(3)
Other outlying islands and south Lantau areas without the specified
habitat are not shown in the table.
Table 2e Abandoned Wet
Agricultural Land Recorded on
South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (2) |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of Abandoned Wet
Agricultural Land |
Number of Plant Species Recorded |
Floristic Diversity |
Structural Complexity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Plant Species of
Ecological/Conservation Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
Study |
120 |
1.1 ha (0.9%) |
37 |
Low |
Low |
Phragmites
communis and Polygonum
sp. |
Nil |
Chi Ma
Wan |
|||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
29 ha
(7.6%) |
52 |
High |
Moderate |
Bacopa monnieri, Sacciolepis
indica, Isachne globosa, Rotala indica and Chrysopogon aciculatus |
4 |
Cheung
Sha to Lung Tsung Tau |
|||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
1 ha (0.2%) |
Not
specified |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Panicum typheron, Digitaria
sp., Cyperus sp., Panicum typheron, Digitaria sp. and Cyperus sp.,
Ludwigia adscendens, Mikania micrantha and Ipomoea
sp. |
Nil |
Tai O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2001 |
350 |
17.5 ha (5%) (1) |
Not
specified |
Moderate to
high |
Moderate |
Not
specified |
Nil |
Notes: (1) Areas estimated from the habitat map
presented in the report.
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999).
132 KV Supply
Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
ERM 2001-
ERM HK Ltd (2001). Study on
Revitalisation of Tai O for planning Department. Final
report.
(2)
Other outlying islands and south Lantau areas without the specified
habitat are not shown in the table.
Table 2f Abandoned
Dry Agricultural Land Recorded on South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying
Islands and
Location (2) |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of Abandoned Dry Agricultural
Land |
Number of plant Species Record |
Floristic Diversity |
Structural Complexity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Plant Species of
Ecological/Conservation Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
Study |
120 |
0.5 ha (0.4%) |
27 |
Low |
Low |
Mikania
micrantha, Paederia
scandens and Wedelia
chinensis |
Nil |
ERM 1997 |
120 |
1.2 ha (1%) (1) |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
52 |
0.3 ha (5%) (1) |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
Not
specified |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CUHK 1999 |
670 |
33.5 ha (5%) |
No
information |
No
information |
No
information |
No
information |
No information |
Chi Ma
Wan |
|||||||
MAL 2001 |
384 |
12 ha (3%) |
16 |
Low |
Low |
Ipomoea batatas, Lactuca
sativa, Clausena lansium, and Dimocarpus longan |
Nil |
Notes: (1) Area estimated from the habitat map presented
in the report.
ERM 1997 - ERM (1997). Seabed
Ecology Studies: Sokos Final Report CED.
CUHK 1999 – CUHK (1999). Feasibility Study of
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
(2)
Other outlying islands and south Lantau areas without the specified
habitat are not shown in the table.
Table 2g Streams Recorded on South Soko in Comparison
with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (1) |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Number of Streams and Length (Km) |
Seasonal or Permanent |
Floristic Diversity |
Natural or Artificial |
Abundance of Stream Fauna |
Number of Species of Ecological/Conservation
Interests |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Current Study |
120 |
2 streams Length: 0.09 km |
Both seasonal |
Low to moderate |
Mostly natural |
Nil |
Nil |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ERM 2004b |
79 |
4 streams Length: 1.1 Km |
Seasonal |
Low to moderate |
Partially
disturbed |
Low, Low to
moderate and High |
1 (Romer’s Tree
Frog tadpole) |
||
Tung Lung
Chau |
|||||||||
CUHK 1999 |
245 |
1 stream Length: short
length |
Seasonal |
Low |
Partially
disturbed |
No information |
No information |
||
Po Toi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ERM 1998 |
373 |
1 stream Length: not
provided |
Seasonal |
Low |
Natural |
Low |
1 (Romer’s Tree
Frog tadpoles) |
||
Chi Ma Wan |
|||||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
4 streams Length: not
provided |
Seasonal and
permanent |
Low to moderate |
Mostly natural |
High |
Parazacco
spilurus, Atyid shrimps
Caridina apodosis and Caridina serrata |
||
Cheung Sha
to Lung Tseng Tau |
|||||||||
MCL 2003 |
601 |
~ 40 streams Length:
generally excess 0.5 Km in length |
Seasonal and
permanent |
High |
Mostly natural |
High |
Romer’s Tree
Frog, Short-legged Toad, Rice Fish and Lesser Spiny Frog, Beijiang
Thick-lipped Barb, Black-headed Thick-lipped Goby and Philippine Neon Goby. |
||
Tai O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ERM 2001 |
350 |
1 stream Length: long
than 0.5 Km |
Permanent |
Not specified |
Mostly natural |
Low to moderate |
Nil |
||
Note: (1)
Other outlying islands and south Lantau areas without the specified
habitat are not shown in the table.
ERM 1997 - ERM (1997). Seabed
Ecology Studies: Sokos Final Report CED.
CUHK 1999 – CUHK (1999). Feasibility Study of
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM 1999 - Babtie BMT (
MCL 1999-
Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from
Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL
2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
ERM 2001- ERM HK Ltd (2001). Study on Revitalisation of Tai O for planning
Department. Final report.
ERM
2004-ERM HK Ltd (2004). Renewable Energy
by a Wind Turbine System on
Table 2h Abandoned
Reservoir Recorded on South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (1) |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of Pond |
Number of Plant Species Recorded |
Floristic and Faunal Diversity |
Structural Complexity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Plant Species of
Ecological/Conservation Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
Study |
120 |
0.2 ha (0.2%) |
7 |
Low |
Low |
Polygonum sp., and Pistia stratiotes |
Nil |
Tai O |
|||||||
ERM 2001 |
350 |
7 ha (~ 2%) |
Not
specified, fringed with mangrove trees. |
Low |
Low |
Not specified |
Nil |
Note: (1) Other outlying islands and south Lantau
areas without the specified habitat are not shown in the table.
ERM 2001-
ERM HK Ltd (2001). Study on
Revitalisation of Tai O for planning Department. Final
report.
Table 2i Disturbed
Area Recorded on South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (3) |
Size of the Areas (ha) |
Size and % Coverage of Disturbed Area |
Number of Plant Species Recorded |
Components of Disturbed Area |
Floristic Diversity |
Dominant Plant Species |
Number of Plant Species of
Ecological/Conservation Interest |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Current
Study |
120 |
7.2 ha (6%) |
41 |
Concrete
path, helicopter landsite, pier and abandoned houses. |
Low |
Araucaria
heterophylla and Acalypha
wilkeesiana |
Nil |
||
ERM 1997 |
120 |
6 ha (5%)
(1) |
No
information |
Detention Centre,
artificial shore and abandoned villages. |
Low |
No
information |
Nil |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ERM 1997 |
52 |
0.5 ha (1%) (1) |
No
information |
Village
houses |
Low |
No
information |
Nil |
||
Shek Kwu
Chau |
|||||||||
ERM 1997 |
117 |
5.9 ha (5%) (1) |
No
information |
Village
houses and pier. |
No
information |
No
information |
Nil |
||
Hei Ling
Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Aerial
photograph 2004 |
190 |
19 ha (10%)
(2) |
Not
applicable |
Village houses,
pier and concrete paths. |
Not
applicable |
Not
applicable |
Not
applicable |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ERM 2004 |
79 |
3.9 ha (0.05%) (1) |
25 |
Village
houses and concrete path. |
Low |
Michelia
alba and Ficus
microcarpa. |
Nil |
||
CUHK 1999 |
670 |
67 ha (10%) |
18 |
Electric
power station, Village houses, pier and concrete paths. |
Low |
Michelia
alba and Ficus
microcarpa. |
Nil |
||
Tung
Lung Chau |
|||||||||
CUHK 1999 |
245 |
2.5 ha (< 1 %) |
No
Information |
Village houses,
concrete path, hiking trails and radar station. |
Low |
Mikania micrantha, Ipomoea cairica and Lantana camara, |
Nil |
||
Po Toi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
CUHK 1999 |
373 |
3.7 ha (< 1%) |
No
information |
Village house,
concreted and hiking trails. |
Low |
No
information |
Nil |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
BMT/ERM
1999 |
11 |
1 ha (<
1%) |
No
information |
Government
houses. |
No
information |
No
information |
No
information |
||
Little |
|||||||||
BMT/ERM
1999 |
1.5 |
0.2 ha (< 1%) |
No
information |
Abandoned
village house. |
No
information |
No
information |
No
information |
||
Chi Ma
Wan |
|||||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
115 ha
(30%) |
50 |
Village houses,
concrete roads, and buildings. |
Low |
Acacia confusa, Mikania
micrantha, Ipomoea cairica, Lantana camara, and Eupatorium catarium |
Nil |
||
Cheung
Sha to Lung Tseng Tau |
|||||||||
MCL 2003 |
601 |
23 ha (3.9
%) |
No
information |
Village house,
services drainage and Roads. |
Low |
No information |
Nil |
||
Tai O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ERM 2001 |
350 |
<17 ha
(5%) |
No
information |
Village
houses, concrete roads and buildings. |
Low |
No
information |
Nil |
||
Notes: (1) Area estimated from the
habitat map presented in the report.
ERM 1997
- ERM (1997). Seabed Ecology Studies: Sokos Final Report CED.
Aerial
photograph 2004 - Aerial photograph of Hei Ling Chau at 8,000 feet dated 2nd
February 2004.
CUHK
1999 – CUHK (1999). Feasibility
Study of
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM
1999 - Babtie BMT (
MCL
1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from
Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL
2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
ERM 2001- ERM HK Ltd (2001). Study
on Revitalisation of Tai O for planning Department. Final
report.
ERM 2004-ERM HK Ltd (2004).
Renewable Energy by a Wind Turbine System on
(2) Area estimated from the aerial photographs
at 2004.
(3) Other
outlying islands and south Lantau areas without the specified habitat are not
shown in the table.
Table 3 Bird
Species Recorded within the Study Area of
Common Name |
Species Name |
Habitat (Dry Season) |
Habitat (Wet Season) |
Common-ness |
Status |
Artic Warbler |
Phylloscopus
borealis |
|
P, R |
U |
PM |
Asian Brown Flycatcher |
Muscicapa
dauurica |
|
P, AW |
U |
PM &WV |
Asian Stubtail Warbler |
Urosphena squameiceps |
P |
|
U |
WV |
Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica |
Sh, P |
W, G, Sh, P |
CW |
SV, PM |
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
D |
G, R, Sh, W |
CW |
SV |
Black Kite |
Milvus migrans |
Sh, P, AW, S, R, G, SS |
W, D, R, Sh, P, G, S, SS |
CW |
R |
Black-faced Bunting |
Emberiza spodocephala |
P |
|
CW |
WV |
Black-naped Tern |
Sterna sumatrana |
|
(Sea) |
R |
SV |
Blue Rock Thrush |
Monticola solitarius |
R, RS, D, Sh |
Sh |
U |
R |
Blue Whistling Thrush |
Myophonus caeruleus |
P |
|
CW |
R |
Broad-billed Roller |
Eurystomus
orientalis |
|
R |
R |
PM |
Brown Shrike |
Lanius
cristatus |
|
P |
CW |
PM |
Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler |
Cettia fortipes |
S |
|
R |
PM &WV |
Chestnut Bulbul |
Hypsipetes castanonotus |
P, R |
|
R |
R |
Chinese Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
W, S, Sh, P, SS, AW |
AW, R, Sh, SS, P, S |
CW |
R |
Chinese Pond Heron |
Ardeola bacchus |
|
AW, R |
CW |
R |
Common Black Bird |
Turdus merula |
P |
|
U |
WV |
Common Buzzard |
Buteo buteo |
D, G |
|
U |
WV |
Common Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis |
R, RS |
R, AW, SS |
CW |
R |
Common Magpie |
Pica pica |
SS, AW, R, G, P |
P, AW, SS, R |
CW |
R |
Common Sandpiper |
Actitis hypoleucos |
|
RS |
CW |
PM, WV |
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
W, Sh, P, S, R |
Sh, P, AW |
CW |
R |
Crested Goshawk |
Accipiter trivirgatus |
S |
|
R |
R |
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
W, D, RS, Sh, SS, P, AW |
D, RS, Sh, SS, P, S |
CW |
R |
Crested Serpent Eagle |
Spilornis cheela |
|
Sh |
R |
R |
Daurian Redstart |
Phoenicurus auroreus |
Sh, P, G |
W, P, Sh, S, R, AW |
U |
WV |
Dollarbird |
Eurystomus orientalis |
|
SS, R |
R |
PM |
Dusky Warbler |
Phylloscopus fuscatus |
Sh, P, AW |
|
U |
WV |
Eurasian Hobby |
Falco subbuteo |
D, W |
|
R |
PM |
Eurasian Woodcock |
Scolopax rusticola |
|
AW (Night Survey) |
R |
WV |
Fan-tailed Warbler |
Cisticola
juncidis |
|
Sh, G |
U |
PM &WV |
Great Frigatebird |
Fregata minor |
|
(soar high in sky) |
VR |
Uncertain (SV?) |
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis |
D, Sh, SS, P |
Sh, P, AW |
CW |
R |
Grey Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea |
|
SS |
CW |
WV |
Grey-backed Thrush |
Turdus hortulorum |
P, S |
|
U |
WV |
Grey-streaked Flycatcher |
Muscicapa griseisticta |
|
P |
R |
PM |
Grey-tailed Tattler |
Heteroscelus brevipes |
|
SS |
R |
PM |
Hair-crested Drongo |
Dicrurus hottentottus |
|
D |
R |
SV |
Indian Cuckoo |
Cuculus micropterus |
|
P |
U |
SV |
Japanese Bush Warbler |
Cettia diphone |
P, S |
|
U |
WV |
Japanese Thrush |
Turdus cardis |
P |
|
R |
WV |
Japanese White-eye |
Zosterops japonicus |
W, Sh, P, AW, R |
P, S, AW |
CW |
R |
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos |
D, G, Sh, SS, P, R |
W, Sh, P, SS, D |
CW |
R |
Little Egret |
Egretta
garzetta |
|
SS |
CW |
R &WV |
Little Swift |
Apus affinis |
Sh |
P |
CW |
R, PM |
Long-tailed Shrike |
Lanius schach |
W, D, Sh, P, AW, G, R |
W, G, Sh, P, AW |
CW |
R |
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
Sh, P |
P |
CW |
WV |
Oriental Reed Warbler |
Acrocephalus orientalis |
AW |
|
U |
PM |
Oriental Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis |
Sh, P |
|
CW |
PM, WV |
Osprey |
Pandion haliaetus |
|
D |
U |
R |
Pacific Reef Egret |
Egretta sacra |
RS, SS |
RS, SS |
U |
R |
Pale-legged Leaf Warbler |
Phylloscopus
tenellipes |
|
P |
R |
PM |
Pallas' Warbler |
Phylloscopus proregulus |
P, S |
|
U |
PM & WV |
Peregrine Falcon |
Falco peregrinus |
|
RS |
R |
R |
Pintail / Swinhoe's
Snipe |
Gallinago stenuramegala |
AW |
AW |
R |
PM, WV |
Red-flanked Blue-tail |
Tarsiger cyanurus |
P |
|
U |
WV |
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
AW, Sh, P |
Sh, P, AW, R |
CW |
R |
Reef Egret |
Egretta sacra |
D |
|
R |
R |
Richard’s Pipit |
Anthus richardi |
D, G |
|
CW |
R, PM, WV |
Rufous Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis |
S, R, P |
|
CW |
WV |
Rufous-tailed Robin |
Luscinia sibilans |
P |
|
R |
WV |
Savanna Nightjar |
Caprimulgus affinis |
|
P (Night Survey) |
R |
R |
Scaly Thrush |
Zoothera dauma |
D, S |
|
R |
WV |
Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum
cruentatum |
|
P, AW |
R |
R |
Siberian Stonechat |
Saxicola
maurus |
|
W |
CW |
WV |
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
D, S, Sh, P, AW |
W, Sh, SS, P, AW |
CW |
R |
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
RS, SS, AW |
D, SS, R, G |
CW |
WV |
White-bellied Sea
Eagle |
Haliaeetus leucogaster |
R, Sh, P |
P, SS |
U |
R |
White-backed Munia |
Loncchura striata |
P |
|
CW |
R |
White-breasted
Waterhen |
Amaurornis phoenicurus |
|
AW, D |
CW |
R |
White-rumped Munia |
Lonchura striata |
P |
S, R |
U |
R |
White-shouldered Starling |
Sturnus
sinensis |
|
W |
|
|
White-throated
Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis |
AW, R, P, SS |
R, P |
CW |
R |
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
Sh, P |
Sh, P |
CW |
R |
Yellow-browed Warbler |
Phylloscopus inornatus |
P, Sh, S, AW, R |
P |
CW |
WV |
Number of Species Recorded |
|
49 |
53 |
|
|
Habitats:
D = disturbed area, G = grassland, AW = abandoned wet agricultural land, R =
abandoned reservoir, RS = rocky shore, S = stream, Sh = shrubland, SS = sandy
shore, P = plantation, W = secondary woodland.
Commonness: CW = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R =
rare and localized, VR = very rare.
Status: PM-Passage migrant,
R-Resident, SV-Summer visitor, WV-Winter visitor.
Commonness and status of birds are reference to C Viney, Karen Philipps and Lam Chiu Ying
(1993) Birds of Hkng Kong and
Table 4 Bird Species Recorded Within the Study Area of
Common Name |
Species Name |
Secondary |
Disturbed Area |
Grassland |
Abandoned Wet Agricultural Land |
Abandoned Reservoir |
Stream |
Shrubland |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Dry |
Wet |
All |
Artic Warbler |
Phylloscopus
borealis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
Asian Brown Flycatcher |
Muscicapa
dauurica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
3 |
Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
9 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
7 |
|
11 |
11 |
Black-faced Bunting |
Emberiza spodocephala |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
Black Kite |
Milvus migrans |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
|
4 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
6 |
2 |
|
2 |
Blue Rock Thrush |
Monticola solitarius |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
Blue Whistling Thrush |
Myophonus caeruleus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
Broad-billed Roller |
Eurystomus orientalis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler |
Cettia fortipes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chestnut Bulbul |
Hypsipetes castanonotus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
Chinese Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
2 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
9 |
15 |
24 |
|
2 |
2 |
7 |
4 |
11 |
29 |
3 |
32 |
27 |
15 |
42 |
Common Black Bird |
Turdus merula |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
Common Buzzard |
Buteo buteo |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Magpie |
Pica pica |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
Crested Goshawk |
Accipiter trivirgatus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
|
3 |
3 |
234 |
2 |
236 |
|
2 |
2 |
9 |
6 |
15 |
|
2 |
2 |
|
14 |
14 |
62 |
12 |
74 |
15 |
31 |
46 |
Daurian Redstart |
Phoenicurus auroreus |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
Dusky Warbler |
Phylloscopus fuscatus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
Fan-tailed Warbler |
Cisticola
juncidis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
5 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Grey Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grey-backed Thrush |
Turdus hortulorum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
7 |
Hair-crested Drongo |
Dicrurus hottentottus |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indian Cuckoo |
Cuculus micropterus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
Japanese Bush Warbler |
Cettia diphone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
Japanese Thrush |
Turdus cardis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
Japanese White-eye |
Zosterops japonicus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
1 |
9 |
3 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
2 |
19 |
|
19 |
23 |
9 |
32 |
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos |
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Little Egret* |
Egretta
garzetta |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-tailed Shrike |
Lanius schach |
2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
4 |
5 |
9 |
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
Oriental Reed Warbler |
Acrocephalus
orientalis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oriental Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia
orientalis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
3 |
Osprey |
Pandion haliaetus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pale-legged Leaf Warbler |
Phylloscopus
tenellipes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pallas' Warbler |
Phylloscopus proregulus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
Pintail / Swinhoe's
Snipe |
Gallinago stenura /
megala |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Red-flanked Blue-tail |
Tarsiger cyanurus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
3 |
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
Richard’s Pipit |
Anthus richardi |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rufous Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
Scaly Thrush |
Zoothera dauma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum
cruentatum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
Siberian Stonechat |
Saxicola
maurus |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-backed Munia |
Loncchura striata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
White-bellied Sea
Eagle |
Haliaeetus leucogaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
White-breasted
Waterhen |
Amaurornis phoenicurus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-shouldered Starling |
Sturnus
sinensis |
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
2 |
Yellow-browed Warbler |
Phylloscopus inornatus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
4 |
2 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
2 |
10 |
|
10 |
|
Total Species |
4 |
10 |
12 |
10 |
5 |
13 |
5 |
10 |
13 |
12 |
16 |
21 |
15 |
15 |
26 |
11 |
5 |
15 |
12 |
9 |
16 |
26 |
18 |
34 |
|
Total number of bird |
6 |
14 |
20 |
247 |
6 |
253 |
9 |
16 |
25 |
39 |
46 |
85 |
35 |
31 |
66 |
20 |
23 |
43 |
132 |
35 |
167 |
119 |
93 |
213 |
* bird species
recorded qualitatively within the Study Area, but outside the point count
location.
Table 5 Bird Species Recorded on South
Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (1) |
Size of Study Area (ha) |
Habitats Recorded within the Study Area |
Survey Effort |
Number of Species Record |
Total Number of Individuals Recorded |
Number of Species of Ecological/Conservation
Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current study |
120 |
Secondary
woodland, plantation, shrubland, grassland, abandoned wet agricultural land,
stream, disturbed area, abandoned reservoir, abandoned dry agricultural land
and backshore vegetation. |
6 days in dry
season and 6 days in wet season (Feb - Jul 2004, September 2005 – January
2006). |
Total: 75 Secodnary
woodland (20), Shrubland (16),
grassland (13), Abandoned wet agricultural land (21), stream (16), disturbed
area (13) and abandoned
reservoir (26). |
868 |
Total: 11 Secondary
woodland (2), |
ERM 1997 |
120 |
|
No details on
survey effort available. |
Total: 12 |
> 30 |
Total: 2 (Habitat not
mentioned). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1997 |
52 |
Grassland, low scrub
with grass, plantation woodland, tall shrub, bare soil, low scrub, urban
area, abandoned cultivation, woodland and tall scrub with grass. |
No details on
survey effort available. |
Total: 21 |
No information |
Total: 2 (Habitat not
specified). |
Shek Kwu Chau |
||||||
ERM 1997 |
117 |
|
No details on
survey effort available. |
Total: 24 |
No information |
Total: 1 (Habitat not
specified). |
|
||||||
ERM 1997 |
53 |
Grassland, low
shrub with grass, plantation woodland, tall shrub, bare soil and low shrub. |
No details on
survey effort available. |
Total: 5 |
No information |
Nil |
Hei Ling
Chau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aerial
photograph 2004 |
190 |
Woodland, tall
shrubland, low shrubland, grassland, backshore shrubland, and plantation. |
No details on
survey effort available. |
No information |
No information |
No information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2004b |
79 |
Secondary
woodland, shrubland, shrubby grassland, natural and modified stream,
village/developed area. |
6 days and 2 night
surveys in wet season (May – Jun 2004). |
Total: 38 Secondary
woodland (30), shrubland (19) and shrubby grassland (18). |
578 |
Total: 3 Secondary
woodland (1), Shrubland (1) and soaring in the sky (2). |
CUHK 1999 |
670 |
Abandoned
cultivation land, bareland, grassland, grassland
with bareland, grassland with low shrub, grassland /low shrub/bareland, low
shrubland, human settlement and woodland. |
One day in July
1999 of the wet season. |
Total: 10 Urban area (5),
water bodies (5), tall shrub (5), woodland (6), and grassland (1). |
57 |
Nil recorded in
the survey, but at least 14 in the literature review. (Habitat not
specified). |
Tung Lung
Chau |
||||||
CUHK 1999 |
245 |
|
One day in June
1999 of the wet season. |
Total: 11 |
67 |
Nil recorded in
the survey but at least 3 in the literature review. |
Po Toi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1998D |
373 |
Bare soil
grassland, land shrub, land shrub with grass, tall shrub, tall shrub with
grass, woodland, rural area (building and developed area) |
Twice per month
in a year (total 24 survey days covering wet and dry seasons) |
Total: 123 Scrubland (27),
woodland (20), and coastal areas (6).
Other habitat not specified. |
No information |
Total: 27 Coastal areas
(2), Fung shui forest (1) |
CUHK 1999 |
373 |
|
One day in July
1998 of the wet season |
Total: 7 |
54 |
Nil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BMT/ERM 2000 |
11 |
|
10 survey days
(Jul 1999 – May 2000) covering both wet and dry season. |
Total: 75 |
Not specified |
Total: 8 |
Little |
||||||
BMT/ERM 2000 |
1.5 |
|
10 survey days (July
1999 - May 2000) covering both wet and dry season. |
Total: 25 |
Not specified |
Total: 5 |
Chi Ma Wan |
||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
|
3 days in dry
season (Oct– Dec 1998) |
Total: 47 Wetland (9), mangrove
(8), Brackish mudflat (9), stream (2), shrubland and grassland mixture (6),
tall shrub (5), rocky shore (1) and forest (14). |
188 |
Total: 5 Wetland (2), |
Cheung Sha
to Lung Tseng Tau |
||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
Secondary
woodland, Tall shrubland,
Shrubland-grassland
mosaic, Grassland, Stream and
riparian, Agricultural
land, Wasteland, Freshwater
marsh (Fong Yuen) and Village area |
10 days and 4 nights
survey covering both wet and dry season (May 2000 – Jan 2001). |
Total: 46 |
Not quantified |
Total: 5 (Habitat not
specified). |
Note: (1) Other outlying islands and south Lantau
areas without the specified habitat are not shown in the table.
ERM 2004-ERM HK Ltd (2004).
Renewable Energy by a Wind Turbine System on
ERM 1997
- ERM (1997). Seabed Ecology Studies: Sokos Final Report CED.
Aerial photograph 2004c - Aerial photograph of Hei Ling Chau
at 8,000 feet dated 2nd February 2004.
CUHK 1999 –
CUHK (1999). Feasibility Study of
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM 1999 - Babtie
BMT (
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
ERM 2001-
ERM HK Ltd (2001). Study on Revitalisation
of Tai O for planning Department. Final report.
Table 6a Butterfly
Species and Their Abundance Recorded During Point Count at
Common Names |
Species Name |
W |
P |
Sh |
G |
D |
AD |
R |
AW |
St |
Commonness |
Papilionidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
VC |
Pieridae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
VC |
Lycaenidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lime Blue |
Chilades lajus |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
VC |
|
Abisara echerius |
|
1 |
6 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
VC |
Punchinello |
Zemeros flegyas |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
C |
Nymphalidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Evening Brown |
Melanitis leda |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
Common Sailor |
Neptis hylas |
|
4 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
VC |
Dark Brand Bush Brown |
Mycalesis mineus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
VC |
Rustic |
Cupha erymanthis |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
VC |
Straight Five-ring |
Ypthima lisandra |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total butterflies |
|
0 |
12 |
7 |
1 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
0 |
|
Total species |
|
0 |
8 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
|
Habitat: AW = abandoned wet agricultural land, W = secondary woodland,
P= plantation, Sh = shrubland, R = abandoned reservoir, D = disturbed area, AD =
abandoned dry agricultural land, St = stream.
Commonness: VC = very common, C = common, UC = uncommon, R =rare. Commonness of butterflies is
reference to Yiu V (2004). Field
Guide to the butterflies of Hong Kong.
Table 6b Butterfly
Species and Their Abundance Recorded During Point Count at
Common Name |
Species Name |
W |
P |
Sh |
G |
D |
AD |
R |
AW |
St |
Commonness |
Hesperiidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chestnut
Angle |
Odontoptilum angulatum |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
Banded Awl |
Hasora chromus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
UC |
Bush Hopper |
Ampittia
dioscorides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
UC |
|
Astictopterus jama |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
Formosan Swift |
Borbo cinnara |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
UC |
Indian Palm Bob |
Suastus gremius |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
UC |
Oriental Straight Swift |
Parnara bada |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
C |
Greenish Palm Dart |
Telicota ancilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
C |
Papilionidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chinese
Peacock |
Papilio bianor |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VC |
Common Bluebottle |
Graphium sarpedon |
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
4 |
1 |
|
VC |
Common Mime |
Chilasa clytia |
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
C |
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
2 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
11 |
6 |
|
VC |
Five-bar Swordtail |
Pathysa antiphates |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
Great Mormon |
Papilio memnon |
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
VC |
Lime Butterfly |
Papilio demoleus |
|
1 |
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
C |
|
Papilio paris |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
VC |
Red Helen |
Papilio helenus |
2 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VC |
Spangle |
Papilio protenor |
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
VC |
Pieridae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
|
10 |
6 |
1 |
|
1 |
8 |
7 |
2 |
VC |
Common Gull |
Cepora nerissa |
|
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
C |
Indian Cabbage White |
Pieris canidia |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
VC |
Lemon Migrant |
Catopsilia |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
C |
Mottled Emigrant |
Catopsilia
pyranthe |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
Red-based Jezebel |
Delias pasithoe |
|
|
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
VC |
Three-spot Grass Yellow |
Eurema blanda |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UC |
Yellow |
Ixias pyrene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
C |
Lycaenidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dark Grass Blue |
Zizeeria karsandra |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
R |
Lime Blue |
Chilades lajus |
|
7 |
2 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
3 |
|
VC |
Long-banded Silverline |
Spindasis lohita |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
UC |
Pale Grass Blue |
Zizeeria maha |
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
11 |
|
VC |
Plain Cupid |
Chilades pandava |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
UC |
|
Abisara echerius |
|
3 |
3 |
|
|
1 |
4 |
2 |
|
VC |
Punchinello |
Zemeros flegyas |
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
C |
Nymphalidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blue Pansy |
Junonia orithya |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
UC |
Blue Tiger |
Tirumala limniace |
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
1 |
|
C |
Blue-spotted Crow |
Euploea midamus |
|
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
VC |
|
Ideopsis similis |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VC |
Common Crow |
Euploea core |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VC |
Common Duffer |
Discophora sondaica |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
Common Five Ring |
Ypthima baldus |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
VC |
Common Jester |
Symbrenthia lilaea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
C |
Common Lascar |
Pantoporia hordonia |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VC |
Common Nawab |
Polyura athamas |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UC |
Common Sailor |
Neptis hylas |
|
7 |
1 |
|
|
|
4 |
4 |
|
VC |
Dark Brand Bush Brown |
Mycalesis mineus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
4 |
|
VC |
Glassy Tiger |
Parantica aglea |
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
VC |
Great Eggfly |
Hypolimnas bolina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
C |
Indian Fritillary |
Argyreus hyperbius |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
UC |
Large Faun |
Faunis eumeus |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VC |
Mapwing |
Cyrestis thyodamas |
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
C |
Peacock Pansy |
Junonia almana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
C |
Rustic |
Cupha erymanthis |
1 |
15 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
3 |
|
VC |
Staff Sergeant |
Athyma selenophora |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
Straight Five-ring |
Ypthima lisandra |
|
|
4 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
C |
Striped Blue Crow |
Euploea mulciber |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
UC |
White Commodore |
Parasarpa dudu |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UC |
Yellow Pansy |
Junonia hierta |
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
UC |
Total butterflies |
|
10 |
124 |
44 |
4 |
4 |
12 |
70 |
69 |
3 |
|
Total species |
|
6 |
35 |
20 |
4 |
3 |
11 |
22 |
24 |
2 |
|
Habitat: AW = abandoned wet agricultural land, W = secondary woodland, P
= plantation, Sh = shrubland, R = abandoned reservoir, D = disturbed area, AD =
abandoned dry agricultural land, St = stream.
Commonness: VC = very common, C = common, UC = uncommon, R =rare. Commonness of butterflies is
reference to Yiu V (2004). Field
Guide to the butterflies of Hong Kong.
Table 6c Butterfly
Species Recorded at
Common Names |
Species Name |
Habitat Recorded in Dry Season |
Habitat Recorded in Wet Season |
Commonness |
|
Banded Awl |
Hasora chromus |
|
R, AW |
UC |
|
Blue Pansy |
Junonia orithya |
|
D |
UC |
|
Blue Tiger |
Tirumala limniace |
|
Sh, R, P, AW |
C |
|
Blue-spotted Crow |
Euploea midamus |
|
Sh, R, P |
VC |
|
Bush Hopper |
Ampittia
dioscorides |
|
AW |
UC |
|
|
Ideopsis similis |
|
Sh, P |
VC |
|
Chestnut
Angle |
Odontoptilum angulatum |
|
W, P |
C |
|
Chinese
Peacock |
Papilio bianor |
|
Sh |
VC |
|
Common Bluebottle |
Graphium sarpedon |
|
Sh, R, P, AW |
VC |
|
Common Crow |
Euploea core |
|
Sh |
VC |
|
Common Duffer |
Discophora sondaica |
|
P |
C |
|
Common Evening Brown |
Melanitis leda |
P |
|
C |
|
Common Five Ring |
Ypthima baldus |
|
Sh, R, P |
VC |
|
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
AD, R, TW, AW |
Sh, G, AD, R, W, AW, St |
VC |
|
Common Gull |
Cepora nerissa |
|
AD, R, P, AW |
C |
|
Common Indian Crow |
Euploea core |
|
AD, R, AW |
VC |
|
Common Jester |
Symbrenthia lilaea |
|
R |
C |
|
Common Lascar |
Pantoporia hordonia |
|
P |
VC |
|
Common Mapwing |
Cyrestis thyodamas |
|
AD, P |
C |
|
Common Mime |
Chilasa clytia |
|
Sh, P, AW |
C |
|
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
AD, P |
Sh, G, AD, R, W, AW |
VC |
|
Common Nawab |
Polyura athamas |
|
P |
UC |
|
Common Sailor |
Neptis hylas |
AD, P, AW |
Sh, R, P, AW |
VC |
|
Common Straight Swift |
Parnara guttata |
|
AW, R |
C |
|
Common Tiger |
Danaus genutia |
|
AW, R |
VC |
|
Conjoined Swift |
Pelopidas conjunctus |
|
P, R |
UC |
|
Contiguous Swift |
Polytremis lubricans |
|
AW, R |
C |
|
Dark Brand Bush Brown |
Mycalesis mineus |
R |
R, AW |
VC |
|
Dark Grass Blue |
Zizeeria karsandra |
|
Sh |
R |
|
Five-bar Swordtail |
Pathysa antiphates |
|
P |
C |
|
|
Astictopterus jama |
|
P |
C |
|
Formosan Swift |
Borbo cinnara |
|
AW |
UC |
|
Glassy Tiger |
Parantica aglea |
|
AD, P, AW |
VC |
|
Great Eggfly |
Hypolimnas bolina |
|
AW |
C |
|
Great Mormon |
Papilio memnon |
|
P, AW, W |
VC |
|
Greenish Palm Dart |
Telicota ancilla |
|
AW |
C |
|
Indian Cabbage White |
Pieris canidia |
|
R, W |
VC |
|
Indian Fritillary |
Argyreus hyperbius |
|
G |
UC |
|
Indian Palm Bob |
Suastus gremius |
|
G |
UC |
|
Large Faun |
Faunis eumeus |
|
W |
VC |
|
Lemon Emigrant |
Catopsilia |
|
R, P, AW |
C |
|
Lime Blue |
Chilades lajus |
G, R, P |
Sh, D, AD, P, AW |
VC |
|
Lime Butterfly |
Papilio demoleus |
|
Sh, AD, P |
C |
|
Long-banded Silverline |
Spindasis lohita |
|
R |
UC |
|
Mottled Emigrant |
Catopsilia
pyranthe |
|
Sh |
C |
|
Oriental Straight Swift |
Parnara bada |
|
R |
C |
|
Pale Grass Blue |
Zizeeria maha |
|
R,P, AW |
VC |
|
|
Papilio paris |
|
R, P, AW |
VC |
|
Peacock Pansy |
Junonia almana |
|
AW |
C |
|
Plain Cupid |
Chilades pandava |
|
AW |
UC |
|
|
Abisara echerius |
Sh, R, P |
Sh, AD, R, W, AW |
VC |
|
Punchinello |
Zemeros flegyas |
P, AW |
Sh, P, St |
C |
|
Red Helen |
Papilio helenus |
|
P, W |
VC |
|
Red Lacewing |
Cethosia biblis |
P |
|
R |
|
Red-based Jezebel |
Delias pasithoe |
|
Sh, AD |
VC |
|
Rustic |
Cupha erymanthis |
P, AW |
R, P, W, AW |
VC |
|
South Sullied Sailer |
Neptis clinia |
|
R |
C |
|
Spangle |
Papilio protenor |
|
AD, R, P |
VC |
|
Staff Sergeant |
Athyma selenophora |
|
AW |
C |
|
Straight Five-ring |
Ypthima lisandra |
Sh |
Sh, D, R |
C |
|
Striped Blue Crow |
Euploea mulciber |
|
Sh, W, P |
UC |
|
Tailed Jay |
Graphium agamemnon |
|
R, P |
VC |
|
Tawny Rajah |
Charaxes bernardus |
|
P, R, AW |
VC |
|
Three-spot Grass Yellow |
Eurema blanda |
|
P |
UC |
|
Tree Filter |
Hyarotis adrastus |
AW |
|
UC |
|
Water Snow Flat |
Tagiades litigiosus |
|
P, AW, R |
VC |
|
White Commodore |
Parasarpa dudu |
|
P |
UC |
|
Yellow |
Ixias pyrene |
|
R |
C |
|
Yellow Pansy |
Junonia hierta |
|
AD, P, AW |
UC |
|
Habitat: AW
= abandoned wet agricultural land, W = secondary woodland, p = plantation, Sh =
shrubland, R = abandoned reservoir, D = disturbed area, AD = abandoned dry
agricultural land, St = stream.
Commonness: VC = very common, C = common, UC = uncommon, R =rare. Commonness
of butterflies is reference to Yiu V
(2004). Field Guide to the butterflies of Hong Kong.
Table 7 Butterfly Species Recorded on
South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (1) |
Size of Study Area (ha) |
Habitats Recorded within the Study Area |
Survey Efforts |
Number of Species Recorded |
Total Number of Individuals Recorded |
Number of Species of Ecological/Conservation
Interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current study |
120 |
Secondary
woodland, plantation, shrubland, grassland, abandoned wet agricultural land,
stream, disturbed area, abandoned reservoir, abandoned dry agricultural land
and backshore vegetation. |
6 days during
dry season (Feb – Mar 04, Nov 05- Jan 06) and 6 days during wet season (Apr –
July 04, Sept – Oct 05). |
Total: 56 Secondary
woodland (5), plantation (35), shrubland (21), disturbed area (3), Abandoned
dry agricultural land (12), abandoned reservoir (23), abandoned wet
agricultural land (24), and stream (2). |
372 |
Total: 17 Disturbed area
(2), Abandoned wet agricultural land (4), Grassland (2), |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 2004 |
79 |
Secondary
woodland, shrubland, shrubby grassland, natural and modified stream, and
village/developed area. |
3 days transect surveys in the wet season (May –
Jun 2004). |
Total: 63 Secondary woodland (61), Shrubland (26), shrubby
grassland (23) and village/developed area (3). |
Not provided |
Total: 16 (All recorded in Secondary woodland). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BMT/ERM 2000 |
11 |
Secondary
woodland, shrubland, grassland and developed areas. |
September –
November 1997; March – May 1998, monthly. |
Total: 61 |
969 |
Total: 10 (all
recorded in woodland) |
Little |
||||||
BMT/ERM 2000 |
11 |
Secondary
woodland, shrubland and grassland. |
September –
November 1997; March – May 1998, monthly. |
Total: 34 |
194 |
Total: 2 (Both recorded
in woodland). |
Chi Ma Wan |
||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
|
2 survey days
in dry season (Oct and Nov 2000). |
Total 28: |
190 |
Total: 4 (All recorded
in forest). |
Cheung Sha
to Lung Tseng Tau |
||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
Secondary
woodland, Freshwater
marsh and Village area. |
12 survey days
in wet season (Jun - Oct 2001) and 9 days in dry season (Sept and Oct
200). |
Total: 104 |
Not provided |
Total: 8 (All recorded
in woodland). |
Note: (1)
Other outlying islands and south Lantau areas without the specified
habitat are not shown in the table.
ERM 2004-ERM HK Ltd
(2004). Renewable Energy by a Wind
Turbine System on
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM
1999 - Babtie BMT (
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell
Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma
Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia
Ltd (2001). Improvement to
Table 8 Dragonfly
Species and Their Abundance Recorded at
Common Name |
Species Name |
W |
P |
D |
G |
AD |
R |
AW |
S |
Commonness |
Asian Pintail |
Acisoma panorpoides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
C |
Blue Dasher |
Brachydiplax chalybea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
C |
Blue Percher |
Diplacodes
trivialis |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
A |
Common Blue Jewel |
Rhinocypha
perforate perforata |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Blue Skimmer |
Orthetrum glaucum |
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
1 |
1 |
A |
Common
Bluetail |
Ischurna senegalensis |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
3 |
|
A |
Common Red Skimmer |
Orthetrum pruinosum |
|
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
1 |
A |
Crimson Dropwing |
Trithemis aurora |
|
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
A |
Evening Skimmer |
Tholymis tillarga |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
C |
Greater Blue Skimmer |
Orthetrum melania |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
UC |
Green Skimmer |
Orthetrum sabina |
|
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
C |
Marsh Dancer |
Onychargia atrocyana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
C |
Marsh Skimmer |
Orthetrum luzonicum |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
21 |
|
A |
Orange-tailed Sprite |
Ceriagrion auranticum |
|
1 |
|
|
|
6 |
27 |
|
A |
Pied Skimmer |
Pseudothemis zonata |
|
2 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
3 |
C |
Red-faced Skimmer |
Orthetrum chrysis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
3 |
C |
Variegated Flutterer |
Rhyothemis variegata |
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
1 |
|
C |
Wandering Glider |
Pantala flavescens |
|
2 |
2 |
|
2 |
10 |
23 |
25 |
A |
Total dragonflies |
|
0 |
10 |
8 |
2 |
10 |
39 |
87 |
33 |
|
Total species |
|
0 |
6 |
7 |
2 |
6 |
7 |
11 |
5 |
|
Habitat : AW =
abandoned wet agricultural land, W = secondary woodland, R = abandoned reservoir,
D = disturbed area, AD = abandoned dry agricultural land, S = stream, G =
grassland. No dragonfly was recorded in
shrubland. Commonness: A = abundant, C = common, UC = uncommon. Commonness of dragonflies is reference to
Table 9 Dragonfly
Species Recorded on South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location1 |
Size of Study Area (ha) |
Habitats Recorded within the Study Area |
Survey Effort |
Number of Species Recorded |
Total Number of Individuals Recorded |
Number of Species of Ecological/Conservation
Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current study |
120 |
Secondary woodland,
plantation, shrubland, grassland,
abandoned wet agricultural land, stream, disturbed area, abandoned reservoir,
abandoned dry agricultural land and backshore vegetation. |
6 days in wet
season (Feb - Mar 04, Sept – Oct 05) and 6 days in dry season (Apr - Jul 04,
Nov 05-Jan 06) with two night surveys in June 2004 and Sept 2005 |
Total: 18 Abandoned wet
agricultural land (11), |
189 |
Total: 3 Grassland (1),
sandy shore (1), abandoned reservoir (1) |
Chi Ma Wan |
||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
|
2 survey days
in dry season (Oct – Nov 2000). |
Not specified,
mainly found near to wetland and stream. |
17 |
Nil |
Cheung Sha
to Lung Tseng Tau |
||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
Secondary
woodland, Tall shrubland,
Shrubland-grassland
mosaic, Grassland, Stream and
riparian, Agricultural
land, Wasteland, Freshwater
marsh (Fong Yuen) and Village area. |
12 survey days
in wet season (Jun – Sept 2000) and 9 survey days in dry season (Oct – Nov
2000). |
Total: 37 Mainly found at
stream and shrubland. |
Note
quantified. |
Total: 4 Tall shrubland
(1) and Stream (4). |
Note: (1) Other outlying islands and south Lantau
areas without the specified habitat are not shown in the table.
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
Table 10 Herpetofauna Species
Recorded on South Soko in Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (1) |
Size of Study Area (ha) |
Habitats Recorded within the Study Area |
Survey Effort |
Number of Species Recorded |
Total Number of Individuals Recorded |
Number of Species of
Ecological/Conservation Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
study |
120 |
Secondary
woodland, plantation, shrubland, grassland, abandoned wet agricultural land,
stream, disturbed area, abandoned reservoir, abandoned dry agricultural land
and backshore vegetation. |
6 survey
days in wet season (Feb – Mar 2004, Sept – Nov 05) and 6 survey days in dry
season (April - Jul 2004, Nov 05 –Jan 06) and two night survey in June 04 and
Sept 05. |
Total: 14 6 amphibian
species 8 reptile
species |
Not
quantified. |
Total: 2 Abandoned
wet agricultural land (1), disturbed area (1) |
|
||||||
ERM 2004 |
79 |
Secondary woodland, shrubland, shrubby grassland, natural and modified
stream, and village/developed area. |
3 survey days in wet season and one night survey (May – Jun 2004). |
Total: 8 5 amphibian species 3 reptile species |
Not quantified. |
Total: 1 Secondary woodland (1), shrubland (1), Stream (1) and
village/developed area (1). |
Po Toi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERM 1998 |
373 |
Bare soil grassland,
land shrub, land shrub with grass, tall shrub, tall shrub with grass,
woodland, rural area (building and developed area) |
No information. |
Total: 9 3 amphibian species 6 reptile species |
Not quantified. |
Total: 2 |
|
||||||
BMT/ERM
2000 |
11 |
|
Survey
undertaken during spring and early summer 1998 including a night survey. |
Total: 7 |
57 |
Nil |
Chi Ma
Wan |
||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
|
2 survey
days in dry season (Oct and Nov 2000). |
Total: 9 4 amphibian
species 5 reptile
species (All found
in Pui O Marsh and Taro Bed). |
Not
quantified. |
Total: 2 Pui O Marsh
and Taro Bed (2) |
Cheung
Sha to Lung Tseng Tau |
||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
Secondary
woodland, Tall shrubland,
Shrubland-grassland
mosaic, Grassland, Stream and
riparian, Agricultural
land, Wasteland, Freshwater
marsh (Fong Yuen) and Village area. |
4 survey
days in wet season (Jun 2001) and 4 survey days in dry season (Oct – Nov 2001)
for both day and night surveys. |
Total: 29 12
amphibian species 17 reptile
species |
Not
quantified |
Total: 4
for amphibian species Stream (4),
Total: 3 for
reptile species |
Note: (1) Other outlying islands and south
Lantau areas without the specified habitat are not shown in the table.
ERM 2004-ERM HK Ltd (2004).
Renewable Energy by a Wind Turbine System on
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
BMT/ERM 1999 - Babtie
BMT (
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
Table 11 Aquatic Fauna Recorded on South Soko in
Comparison with Other Outlying Islands and
Location (1) |
Size of Study Area (ha) |
Habitats Recorded within the Study Area |
Survey Effort |
Number of Species Recorded |
Total Number of Individuals Recorded |
Number of Species of Ecological/Conservation
Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
study |
120 |
Secondary
woodland, plantation, shrubland, grassland, abandoned wet agricultural land, stream,
disturbed area, abandoned reservoir, abandoned dry agricultural land and
backshore vegetation. |
2 survey
days in dry season (Feb- Mar 2004) and 4 survey days in wet season (April and
July 2004, Sept 2005). |
Total: 9 Abandoned
wet agricultural land (1), abandoned
reservoir (9) |
Not
quantified. |
Nil |
|
|
|
|
|
Not
quantified |
Nil |
ERM 2004 |
79 |
Secondary
woodland, shrubland, shrubby grassland, natural and modified stream,
village/developed area |
2 survey days
in wet season (May and Jun 2004). |
Total: 3 Stream (3) |
|
Total: 1 Stream (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
Not
quantied |
Nil |
ERM 1998 |
373 |
Bare soil
grassland, land shrub, land shrub with grass, tall shrub, tall shrub with grass,
woodland, rural area (building and developed area) |
One survey
day (July 1997) and one survey day for dry season (Feb 1997). |
Total: 31 Stream (31) |
|
Nil |
Chi Ma
Wan |
||||||
MCL 1999 |
384 |
|
3 survey
days in dry season in October and November 2000. |
Total: 29 Stream
(20), Marsh (9) |
Not
quantified |
Total: 3 Abandoned
cultivation land (2), Stream (1) |
Cheung
Sha to Lung Tseng Tau |
||||||
MAL 2001 |
601 |
Secondary
woodland, Tall shrubland,
Shrubland-grassland
mosaic, Grassland, Stream and
riparian, Agricultural
land, Wasteland, Freshwater
marsh (Fong Yuen) and Village area |
At least
14days (Jul 2000 - Jan 2001). |
Total: 18 Stream
(14), Marsh (4) |
Not
quantified. |
Total: 4 Stream (3),
Marsh (1) |
Note: (1) Other outlying islands and south Lantau
areas without the specified habitat are not shown in the table.
ERM 2004-ERM HK Ltd (2004).
Renewable Energy by a Wind Turbine System on
ERM 1998 - ERM HK Ltd (1998d). Po
MCL 1999- Mott Cornell Ltd (1999). 132 KV Supply Circuit from Pui O via Chi Ma Wan
MAL 2001-Moucel Asia Ltd (2001). Improvement to
Table 12 Plant Species
Recorded Within the Study Area of Shek Pik
Species |
Growth
Form |
Origin |
Status |
Local Abundance |
|||
|
Shrubland |
|
Disturbed
Area |
||||
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
VC |
D |
O |
|
A |
Acalypha wilkeesiana |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
O |
Ageratum
conyzoides |
H |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
|
|
Alangium chinense |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Alocasia
macrorrhiza |
H |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Antirhoea
chinensis |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
|
|
Aporusa dioica |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
Atalantia
buxifolia |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Baeckea frutescens |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Bauhinia blackeana |
T |
N |
VC |
O |
|
|
F |
Berchemia racemosa |
C |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Bidens pilosa |
H |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Breynia fruticosa |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
Bridelia tomentosa |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
Caesalpinia
vernalis |
C |
N |
C |
O |
|
|
|
Cansjera rheedii |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Carex chinensis |
Se |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Cassia siamea |
T |
E |
C |
|
|
|
O |
Cassytha
filiformis |
C |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
Casuarina
equisetifolia |
T |
N |
VC |
O |
|
|
|
Celtis sinensis |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
O |
|
Cerbera manghas |
T |
E |
C |
|
O |
O |
|
Cinnamomum camphora |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
|
O |
Cocculus
orbiculatus |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
|
O |
Cratoxylum
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
Cyperus
malaccensis |
Se |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Daphniphyllum
calycinum |
T |
N |
C |
O |
O |
|
|
Delonix regia |
T |
E |
VC |
|
|
|
F |
Desmos
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Dianella ensifolia |
H |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Dicranopteris
linearis |
F |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
|
O |
Embelia laeta |
C |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
Embelia ribes |
C |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
Erythrina
variegata |
T |
E |
C |
|
|
|
F |
Eurya nitida |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Excoecaria
agallocha |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
F |
|
Ficus hispida |
T |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Ficus microcarpa |
T |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
F |
Ficus pumila |
C |
N |
VC |
S |
S |
|
|
Ficus variegata |
T |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Ficus variolosa |
S |
N |
C |
O |
O |
|
|
Gardenia
jasminoides |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
Glochidion
eriocarpum |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
|
|
|
Glochidion
wrightii |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
O |
Gymnema sylvestre |
C |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
Ilex asprella |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
Ilex rotunda |
S |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Illigera celebica |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
Inula cappa |
H |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Ipomoea
brasiliensis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
S |
F |
|
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
Ischaemum
aristatum |
G |
N |
VC |
|
O |
O |
|
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
VC |
|
|
|
O |
Litsea cubeba |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Litsea glutinosa |
T |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Litsea
rotundifolia |
S |
N |
VC |
|
A |
|
|
Lygodium
dichotomum |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
O |
Mallotus
paniculatus |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
Melastoma candidum |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Melastoma
sanguineum |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Melia azedarach |
T |
N |
VC |
|
S |
|
|
Microcos
paniculata |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
VC |
|
S |
|
|
Millettia reticulata |
C |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Mimosa pudica |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
O |
Miscanthus
floridulus |
G |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Miscanthus
sinensis |
G |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Mussaenda
pubescens |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Paederia scandens |
C |
N |
C |
|
O |
S |
|
Pandanus forceps |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
O |
|
Pandanus tectorius |
S |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Paspalum
conjugatum |
G |
N |
C |
|
O |
O |
|
Pavetta
hongkongensis |
S |
N |
P |
|
S |
|
|
|
P |
N |
C |
|
O |
O |
|
Phyllanthus
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
O |
Phyllanthus
emblica |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Pinus elliottii |
T |
E |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Psychotria rubra |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Rhaphiolepis
indica |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Rhapis excelsa |
P |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Rhodomyrtus
tomentosa |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Rhus chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
Rhus succedanea |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Ricinus communis |
H |
N |
C |
|
O |
F |
|
Sageretia theezans |
C |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
Sansevieria
trifasciata |
H |
E |
C |
|
|
|
O |
Sapium discolor |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
Sapium sebiferum |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
Schefflera
octophylla |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
Scolopia chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
|
|
Smilax china |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Sterculia
lanceolata |
T |
N |
C |
O |
|
|
|
Strophanthus
divaricatus |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Taxillus chinensis |
C |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Tetracera asiatica |
C |
N |
VC |
O |
O |
|
|
Thespesia populnea |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
S |
|
Trema orientalis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
O |
Wedelia chinensis |
C |
N |
VC |
S |
|
O |
|
Wikstroemia
chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
Wikstroemia indica |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
O |
|
Uvaria microcarpa |
C |
N |
C |
O |
|
|
O |
Vitex negundo |
S |
N |
C |
O |
|
|
|
Vitex rotundifolia |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
A |
|
Zanthoxylum
avicennae |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
|
|
|
Zanthoxylum
nitidum |
S |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
Zoysia matrella |
G |
N |
C |
|
|
F |
|
Total no. of
species |
|
|
|
24 |
78 |
15 |
18 |
Code
for abundance: A=Abundant; F=Frequent; O=Occasional; S=Scarce
Code
for Status: C=Common; VC=Very Common; P=Protected
Code
for Plant Form: G=Grass; Climber; H=Herb; Se=Sedge; G=Grass; F=Fern; P=Palm;
S=Shrub; T=Tree
Code for Origin:
N=Native; E=Exotic
Table
13a Mammal Species Recorded at Shek
Pik in Dry Season
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Shrubland |
|
Japanese
Pipistrelle |
Pipistrellus abramus |
P |
3 |
|
Tanezumi Rat |
Rattus tanezumi |
A |
|
1 |
Brown Musk Shrew |
Suncus murinus |
C |
|
1 |
Note: A = Abundant,
C = Common, UC = Uncommon, P =Protected.
Commonness of mammal species is reference to Shek, C.T. (2006). A Field Guide to the Terrestrial Mammals of
Table
13b Mammal Species Recorded at Shek
Pik in Wet Season
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Developed Area |
Tanezumi Rat |
Rattus tanezumi |
A |
1 |
Note: A = Abundant,
C = Common, UC = Uncommon, P =Protected. Commonness of mammal species is
reference to Shek, C.T. (2006). A Field Guide to the Terrestrial
Mammals of
Table 14 Bird Species Recorded within the Study Area at Shek Pik
Common Name |
Species Name |
Habitats Recorded
in Dry Season |
Habitat Recorded
in Wet Season |
Commonness |
Status in |
Remark |
Barn Swallow |
Hirudo rustica |
|
D |
CW |
PM |
Flying over |
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
|
Sh, D |
CW |
SV |
|
Black Kite |
Milvus
migrans |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh |
CW |
R,
WV |
Flying over |
Black-capped Kingfisher |
Halcyon pileata |
SS |
|
U |
WV,
PM |
|
Black-collared Starling |
Sturnus nigricollis |
D, P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Black-faced Bunting |
Emberiza spodocephala |
Sh |
|
CW |
WV, PM |
|
Blue Rock Thrush |
Monticola solitarius |
SS |
|
U |
WV,
PM |
|
Bonelli's Eagle |
Hieraaetus fasciatus |
P |
|
R |
R |
Flying over |
Cattle Egret |
Bubulcus ibis |
|
D |
CW |
R |
22 seen |
Chestnut Bulbul |
Hypsipetes castanonotus |
Sh |
|
R |
R,
WV |
|
Collared Crow |
Corvus torquatus |
Sh, D |
|
U |
R |
|
Collared Scops Owl |
Otus lettia |
Sh |
|
U |
R |
Heard |
Common Black Bird |
Turdus merula |
Sh, D, P |
|
U |
WV,
PM |
|
Common Buzzard |
Buteo buteo |
Sh, Re |
|
U |
WV |
Flying over |
Common Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus |
Sh |
|
U |
WV, PM |
Flying over |
Common Kingfisher |
Alcedo
atthis |
SS |
|
CW |
R |
|
Common Koel |
Eudynamis scolopacea |
|
P |
CW |
R |
|
Common Magpie |
Pica
pica |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Common Sandpiper |
Actitis
hypoleucos |
SS |
|
CW |
WV,
PM |
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus
sutorius |
P, SS |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
D, P |
D |
CW |
R |
Up to 36 |
Daurian Redstart |
Phoenicurus
auroreus |
Sh, D, P |
|
U |
WV |
|
Dusky Thrush |
Turdus naumanni |
Sh |
|
R |
WV |
|
Dusky Warbler |
Phylloscopus fuscatus |
Sh, P |
|
U |
WV,
PM |
|
Eurasian Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus |
D |
|
CW |
R |
|
Eurasian Woodcock |
Scolopax
rusticola |
Sh |
|
R |
WV |
|
Great Tit |
Parus major |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh |
CW |
R |
|
Greater Coucal |
Centropus
sinensis |
P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Grey-backed Thrush |
Turdus hortulorum |
Sh, D, P |
|
U |
WV |
|
Hair-crested Drongo |
Dicrurus
hottentottus |
|
Sh |
U |
R, PM |
|
Hwamei |
Garrulax canorus |
|
Sh |
U |
R |
|
Japanese White-eye |
Zosterops
japonicus |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R,
WV |
|
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus
macrorhynchos |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Light-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
sinensis |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Masked Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax
perspicillatus |
D |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
Sh, D,
P |
|
CW |
WV,
PM |
|
Oriental Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis |
D, P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Oriental Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis |
Sh, D,
P |
|
CW |
WV,
PM |
|
Pacific Reef Egret |
Egretta
sacra |
SS |
SS |
U |
R |
|
Red-flanked Blue-tail |
Tarsiger cyanurus |
Sh, D |
|
U |
WV,
PM |
|
Red-throated Flycatcher |
Ficedula albicilla |
P, SS |
|
R |
WV,
PM |
|
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
jocosus |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Richard's Pipit |
Anthus richardi |
D |
D |
CW |
WV,
PM |
|
Scaly Thrush |
Zoothera dauma |
D |
|
R |
WV,
PM |
|
Siberian Rubythroat |
Luscinia calliope |
Sh |
|
U |
WV,
PM |
|
Sooty-headed Bulbul |
Pycnonotus augrigaster |
P |
|
CW |
R |
|
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia
chinensis |
Sh, D,
P |
Sh, D, P |
CW |
R |
|
White Wagtail |
Motacilla
alba |
Sh, D,
SS |
|
CW |
WV,
PM |
|
White-breasted Waterhen |
Amaurornis
phoenicurus |
Sh |
|
CW |
R |
|
White-rumped Munia |
Lonchura
striata |
Sh |
|
CW |
R |
|
White-throated Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis |
Sh, SS |
|
CW |
R |
|
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia
flaviventris |
Sh, P |
Sh,
P |
CW |
R |
|
Yellow-browed Warbler |
Phylloscopus inornatus |
Sh, D,
P |
P |
CW |
WV,
PM |
|
Habitats: Sh = Shrubland, P =
Commonness & Distribution: CW = common and
widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localized, VR = very
rare. Commonness of bird species is
reference to Commonness and status of birds are reference to C Viney, Karen Philipps and Lam Chiu Ying
(1993) Birds of Hkng Kong and
Main Status: R
= Resident, WV = Winter Visitor, SV = Summer Visitor, PM = Passage Migrant
Table 15a Bird Species Recorded within Each Habitat
of Shek Pik in Dry Season
Common Name |
Species Name |
Habitat |
|||
|
|
|
Shrubland |
Backshore Shrubland |
Developed Area |
Black Kite |
Milvus migrans |
1 |
3 |
|
1 |
Black-capped Kingfisher |
Halcyon pileata |
|
|
2 |
|
Black-collared Starling |
Sturnus nigricollis |
38 |
|
|
14 |
Black-faced Bunting |
Emberiza spodocephala |
|
2 |
|
|
Blue Rock Thrush |
Monticola solitarius |
|
|
1 |
|
Bonelli's Eagle |
Hieraaetus fasciatus |
1 |
|
|
|
Chestnut Bulbul |
Hypsipetes castanonotus |
|
7 |
|
|
Collared Crow |
Corvus torquatus |
|
2 |
|
1 |
Common Black Bird |
Turdus merula |
4 |
4 |
|
1 |
Common Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis |
|
1 |
2 |
|
Common Magpie |
Pica pica |
2 |
8 |
|
3 |
Common Sandpiper |
Actitis hypoleucos |
|
|
1 |
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
2 |
|
1 |
|
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
14 |
|
|
36 |
Daurian Redstart |
Phoenicurus auroreus |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Dusky Warbler |
Phylloscopus fuscatus |
1 |
3 |
|
|
Eurasian Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus |
|
|
|
5 |
Great Tit |
Parus major |
7 |
9 |
|
1 |
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis |
1 |
|
|
|
Grey-backed Thrush |
Turdus hortulorum |
4 |
11 |
|
2 |
Japanese White-eye |
Zosterops japonicus |
20 |
25 |
|
8 |
Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus |
|
1 |
|
|
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos |
16 |
9 |
|
2 |
Light-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
65 |
80 |
|
37 |
Masked Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax perspicillatus |
|
|
|
2 |
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
5 |
2 |
|
16 |
Oriental Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
Red-flanked Blue-tail |
Tarsiger cyanurus |
|
1 |
|
1 |
Red-throated Flycatcher |
Ficedula albicilla |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
12 |
7 |
|
16 |
Reef Egret |
Egretta sacra |
|
|
8 |
|
Richard's Pipit |
Anthus richardi |
|
|
|
9 |
Rufous Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
Scaly Thrush |
Zoothera dauma |
|
|
|
1 |
Siberian Rubythroat |
Luscinia calliope |
|
1 |
|
|
Sooty-headed Bulbul |
Pycnonotus augrigaster |
3 |
|
|
|
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
11 |
17 |
|
5 |
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
|
2 |
3 |
1 |
White-backed Munia |
Lonchura striata |
|
2 |
|
|
White-throated Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis |
|
1 |
1 |
|
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Yellow-browed Warbler |
Phylloscopus inornatus |
1 |
5 |
|
2 |
|
Total number of individual |
216 |
206 |
22 |
167 |
|
Total number of species |
24 |
26 |
11 |
24 |
Table 15b Bird Species Recorded within Each Habitat
of Shek Pik in Wet Season
Common
Name |
Species
Name |
Shrubland |
Developed
Area |
|
Backshore
Shrubland |
Barn
Swallow |
Hirudo
rustica |
|
3 |
|
|
Black
Drongo |
Dicrurus
macrocercus |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Black Kite |
Milvus
migrans |
3 |
|
|
|
Black-collared
Starling |
Sturnus
nigricollis |
1 |
|
2 |
|
Cattle Egret |
Bubulcus
ibis |
|
22 |
2 |
|
Common Koel |
Eudynamis
scolopacea |
|
|
3 |
|
Common
Magpie |
Pica
pica |
1 |
|
2 |
|
Common
Tailorbird |
Orthotomus
sutorius |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Crested
Myna |
Acridotheres
cristatellus |
|
4 |
|
|
Great Tit |
Parus
major |
2 |
|
|
|
Greater
Coucal |
Centropus
sinensis |
3 |
|
2 |
|
Hair-crested
Drongo |
Dicrurus
hottentottus |
3 |
|
|
|
Hwamei |
Garrulax
canorus |
1 |
|
|
|
Japanese
White-eye |
Zosterops
japonicus |
2 |
|
3 |
|
Large-billed
Crow |
Corvus
macrorhynchos |
3 |
|
8 |
|
Light-vented
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
sinensis |
29 |
|
8 |
|
Masked
Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax
perspicillatus |
11 |
|
5 |
|
Oriental
Magpie Robin |
Copsychus
saularis |
2 |
|
1 |
|
Red-whiskered
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
jocosus |
20 |
|
2 |
|
Reef Egret |
Egretta
sacra |
|
|
|
1 |
Richard's
Pipit |
Anthus
richardi |
|
1 |
|
|
Spotted
Dove |
Streptopelia
chinensis |
7 |
1 |
3 |
|
Yellow-bellied
Prinia |
Prinia
flaviventris |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Yellow-browed
Warbler |
Phylloscopus
inornatus |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Total
number of individual |
92 |
32 |
44 |
1 |
|
Total
number of species |
17 |
6 |
15 |
1 |
Table 16a Butterfly Species Recorded at Shek Pik in Dry Season
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Status |
Shrubland |
Developed Area |
|
Papilionidae |
|
|
|
|
|
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
VC |
|
|
1 |
Pieridae |
|
|
|
|
|
Red-base Jazebel |
Delias pasithoe |
VC |
|
|
1 |
Indian Cabbage White |
Pieris canidia |
VC |
|
1 |
|
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
VC |
1 |
|
|
Lycaenidae |
|
|
|
|
|
Pale Grass Blue |
Zizeeria maha |
VC |
2 |
3 |
|
|
Abisara echerius |
VC |
3 |
|
|
Nymphalidae |
|
|
|
|
|
Blue Pansy |
Junonia orithya |
UC |
|
1 |
|
Common Evening Brown |
Melanitis leda |
C |
1 |
|
|
Rustic |
Cupha erymanthis |
VC |
|
|
1 |
Angled Castor |
Ariadne ariadne |
C |
1 |
|
|
Common Tiger |
Danaus genutia |
VC |
|
1 |
|
|
Ideopsis similis |
VC |
|
|
1 |
Notes: Status VC =
Very Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare. Commonness of
butterflies is reference to Yiu V (2004). Field
Guide to the butterflies of Hong Kong.
Table 16b Butterfly Species Recorded at Shek Pik in
Wet Season
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Status |
Shrubland |
|
Hesperiidae |
|
|
|
|
Banded Awl |
Hasora chromus |
UC |
|
1 |
Chestnut Angle |
Odontoptilum angulatum |
C |
1 |
|
Papilionidae |
|
|
|
|
Common Bluebottle |
Graphium sarpedon |
VC |
3 |
|
Five-bar Swordtail |
Pathysa antiphates |
C |
1 |
1 |
Chinese Peacock |
Papilio bianor |
VC |
|
1 |
Red Helen |
Papilio helenus |
VC |
1 |
2 |
Great Mormon |
Papilio memnon |
VC |
1 |
|
|
Papilio paris |
VC |
3 |
|
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
VC |
1 |
2 |
Spangle |
Papilio protenor |
VC |
|
1 |
Pieridae |
|
|
|
|
Indian Cabbage White |
Pieris canidia |
VC |
1 |
|
Yellow |
Ixias pyrene |
UC |
|
1 |
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
VC |
2 |
|
Lycaenidae |
|
|
|
|
|
Abisara echerius |
VC |
4 |
|
Chocolate Royal |
Remelana jangala |
UC |
1 |
3 |
Slate Flash |
Rapala manea |
C |
|
1 |
Transparent Six-line Blue |
Nacaduba kurava |
C |
1 |
|
Nymphalidae |
|
|
|
|
Common Evening Brown |
Melanitis leda |
C |
1 |
|
Dark-brand Bush Brown |
Mycalesis mineus |
VC |
2 |
|
Common Faun |
Faunis eumeus |
VC |
|
1 |
Common Sergeant |
Athyma perius |
C |
|
1 |
Common Sailer |
Neptis hylas |
VC |
|
1 |
Note: Status VC = Very Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare, Commonness of butterflies is reference to Yiu V (2004). Field Guide to the butterflies of Hong Kong.
Table 17 Dragonflies Species Recorded at Shek Pik in Wet Season
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Status |
Shrubland |
Developed Area |
|
Yellow Featherlegs |
Copera marginipes |
A |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Evening Skimmer |
Tholymis tillarga |
C |
1 |
|
|
Wandering Glider |
Pantala flavescens |
A |
54 |
|
|
Note: Status A = Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare, Commonness of dragonflies is reference to
Table 18a Amphibians and Reptiles Species Recorded at Shek Pik in Dry
Season
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Status |
Shrubland |
Developed Area |
|
Amphibians |
|
|
|
|
|
Gunther’s Frog |
Rana guentheri |
A |
1 |
|
2 |
Romer’s Tree Frog |
Philautus romeri |
UC |
|
|
1 |
Brown Tree Frog |
Polypedates megacephalus |
A |
|
|
1 |
Asiatic Painted Frog |
Kaloula pulchra |
C |
|
|
2 |
Reptiles |
|
|
|
|
|
Chinese Gecko |
Gekko chinensis |
A |
|
|
2 |
Bowring’s Gecko |
Hemidactylus bowringii |
A |
3 |
1 |
3 |
Changeable Lizard |
Calotes versicolor |
A |
1 |
|
|
Reeves’ Smooth Skink |
Scincella reevesii |
A |
|
|
2 |
Note: Abundance: A =
Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, Commonness of amphibian is reference to
AFCD (2005). A Field
Guide to the Amphibians of
Table 18b Amphibians and Reptiles Species Recorded at Shek Pik in Wet
Season
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Status |
Shrubland |
Developed Area |
|
Amphibians |
|
|
|
|
|
Paddy Frog |
Fejervarya llimnocharis |
A |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Gunther’s Frog |
Rana guentheri |
A |
6 |
|
4 |
Brown Tree Frog |
Polypedates megacephalus |
A |
4 |
|
|
Asiatic Painted Frog |
Kaloula pulchra |
C |
2 |
|
6 |
Reptiles |
|
|
|
|
|
Bowring’s Gecko |
Hemidactylus bowringii |
A |
1 |
4 |
10 |
Reeves’ Smooth Skink |
Scincella reevesii |
A |
|
|
1 |
Common Blind Snake |
Ramphotyphlops braminus |
A |
1 |
|
|
Note: Abundance: A =
Abundant, C = Common Commonness of amphibian is reference to AFCD (2005). A Field Guide to the
Amphibians of