This section of the EIA report presents a
summary of the environmental performance of the Black Point option and the
The information examined includes key
engineering design parameters such as:
·
Size
of Project Area and project boundary;
·
Size
of reclamation
·
Reclamation
methods
·
Dredging
volumes
·
Waste
generation
·
Pipeline
details etc,
The environmental performance measures
examined include:
·
Compliance
with the EIAO TM;
·
Key
sensitive receivers;
·
Particulars
of the environmental impacts.
The Study Brief in Clause 3.4.12 has requested that this information is presented as a
summary table.
Table 16.1 Summary
of the Findings of the Environmental Performance Comparison – (site parameters
are based on the preliminary indicative site design and are approximate)
ISSUE |
BLACK POINT |
|
KEY DESIGN PARAMETERS |
||
Overall Project Area (ha) |
32 ha on the headland south of the
Black Point Power Station. The land
portion of the site is relatively undisturbed and because of this supports
dense growth of mixed shrubland plants. |
36.5 ha encompassing mainly the
central part of |
Land Based Works Areas (ha) |
5 ha |
18.5 ha |
Reclamation Areas (ha) |
16 ha off the Black Point headland |
Approximately 0.6 ha in Sai Wan |
Modified
Seawall Areas (ha) |
0 ha |
1.1 ha |
Site
Development Areas (ha) |
21 ha |
20.2 ha |
Dredging Volumes (Mm3) |
Approach Channel & Seawall =
0.63 Mm3 Berthing Trench & Intake/Outfall =
0.03 Mm3 TOTAL =
3.15 Mm3 |
Approach Channel & Seawall =
0.10 Mm3 Berthing Trench =
0.12 Mm3 Seawater Intake & Outfall =
0.03 Mm3 Submarine Gas Pipeline =
2.06 Mm3 Water & Power Supply Line =
0.22 Mm3 Gas Receiving Station =
0.29 Mm3 TOTAL =
3.89 Mm3 |
Length of Natural Coastline Affected (m) |
600 m of rocky shore |
300 m including 265 m of rocky
shore and 35 m of sandy shore |
Volume of
Excavated Construction & Demolition Materials |
Soil (Total = 220,000 m3) Site Formation =
220,000 m3 Rock (Total = 770,000 m3) Site Formation =
770,000 m3 |
Soil (Total = 560,000 m3) Site Formation =
560,000 m3 Rock (Total = 1,800,000 m3) Site Formation =
1,800,000 m3 |
Volume of Fill
Requirements |
Soil (Total = 2,100,000 m3) Reclamation =
2,100,000 m3 Rock (Total = 785,000 m3) Seawall =
785,000 m3 |
Soil (Total = 381,000 m3) Site Formation =
270,000 m3 Reclamation at Reclamation at Gas Receiving Station =
91,000 m3 Rock (Total = 1,940,000 m3) Seawall =
150,000 m3 Seawater Intake & Outfall =
72,000 m3 Water & Power Supply Line =
180,000 m3 Submarine Gas Pipeline =
1,310,000 m3 Gas Receiving Station = 228,000 m3 |
Volume of Excavated Construction &
Demolition Materials for Disposal |
Soil = 0 m3 Rock = 0 m3 |
Soil = 179,000 m3
Rock = 0 m3
|
Volume of Imported Fill |
Soil = 1,880,000
m3 Rock = 15,000 m3 |
Soil = 0 m3
Rock = 140,000 m3
|
Length of Submarine Utilities |
N/A |
Submarine Gas Pipeline (30”) =
38.0 km Submarine Water Supply Line (12”) =
7.5 km Submarine Power Cable (3 circuits) =
8.0 km |
KEY SENSITIVE RECEIVERS |
||
EIAO
– TM
COMPLIANCE:
For each of the components assessed in the EIA Report, the key sensitive receivers have been identified in accordance
with the relevant standards/criteria of the EIAO-TM Annexes, in reference to the Study Brief and based on the
findings of literature reviews and in some cases detailed field
investigations (eg, terrestrial ecology, marine
ecology, fisheries, archaeology). |
||
AIR QUALITY |
·
No residential Air Sensitive
Receivers (ASRs) were identified within 500 m of the Project boundary. ·
The closest ASR is the
Administration Building of Black Point Power Station (BPPS) located at
approx. 600 m from the Project boundary.
The closest residential ASR is at Lung Kwu
Tan located at 2 km from the site. |
·
No residential Air Sensitive
Receivers (ASRs) were identified within 500 m of the Project boundary. ·
The closest ASR is identified as
the Staff Quarters of Shek Pik
Prison located approximately 6.4 km away from the site boundary. The closest residential ASR is Shek Pik village located at
approximately 7 km ·
The closest ASR from the gas
receiving Station is the Administration Building of Black Point Power Station
(BPPS) located at approx. 360 m from the Project boundary. |
NOISE |
·
The nearest NSR is identified as is
at Lung Kwu Tan located at 1.6 km from the site. ·
There are planned uses within 2 km
from the site at the Northern end of Lung Kwu Sheung Tan. |
·
The nearest NSR is identified as
the Staff Quarters of Shek Pik
Prison located approximately 6.4 km away from the site boundary. ·
There are no planned or committed
uses within 7 km from the site. |
WATER QUALITY |
The following water quality sensitive
receivers were identified. In brackets
is the closest distance between the sensitive receiver and the marine works
(site/pipeline/utilities): Fisheries
Resources: ·
Fisheries spawning ground in ·
Artificial reefs at Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau (~6 km). ·
Other fisheries resources sensitive
receivers are located at >10 km away from the site and are thus not
considered key sensitive receivers. Marine
Ecological Resources: ·
Sha
Chau and ·
Intertidal
mudflats and mangroves at Pak Nai (~2.6 km); ·
Seagrass
beds and horseshoe crab nursery grounds at Pak Nai
(~2.6 km); ·
Marine mammal habitat in NW waters; ·
Other marine ecological sensitive
receivers are located at >10 km away from the site and are thus not
considered key sensitive receivers. Water
Quality: ·
Gazetted beaches: ·
Non-gazetted beaches: Lung Kwu Sheung Tan (~1.5 km), Lung Kwu Tan (~2.7 km); ·
Seawater intakes: Black Point Power Station (~0 km ), Castle
Peak Power Station (~3.2 km), Tuen Mun Area 38 (~5.2 km), Airport (>10 km). |
The following water quality
sensitive receivers were identified.
In brackets is the closest distance between the sensitive receiver and
the marine works (site/pipeline/utilities): Fisheries Resources: ·
Fisheries spawning ground in ·
Artificial reefs: Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau (<1 km), Airport (~7.7 km); ·
Fish fry habitat at Pak Tso Wan (<1 km); ·
Other fisheries resources sensitive
receivers are located at >10 km away from the site/pipeline/utilities and
are thus not considered key sensitive receivers. Marine Ecological Resources:
·
Sha
Chau and ·
Seagrass
beds at Pak Nai (~5.1 km); ·
Intertidal
mudflats at Pak Nai (~5.1 km); ·
Mangroves at Pak Nai (~5.1 km); ·
Horseshoe crab nursery grounds: Pak
Nai (~1.7 km), Sham Wat
Wan (~2.3 km), Tai O (~1.9 km), Yi O (~1.6 km), Sha
Lo Wan (~3.1 km), Tong Fuk Miu
(~2.1 km) Wan, Tung Chung Bay (~6.6 km); ·
Protection zone for Chinese White
Dolphin Protection Zone in mainland waters (~1.9 km). ·
Marine Mammal Habitat. Water Quality: ·
Gazetted beaches: ·
Non-gazetted beaches: Lung Kwu Sheung Tan (~4.0 km), Lung Kwu
Tan (~4.7 km), Fan Lau Sai Wan (~1.4 km), Fan Lau
Tung Wan (~1.8 km), Tsin Yue
Wan (~1.6 km); ·
Seawater intakes: Black Point Power Station (< 1 km),
Castle Peak Power Station (~4.1 km), Tuen Mun Area 38 (~5.8 km), Airport (~5.1 km), Pumping Station
at Tai Kwai Wan (>10 km). |
WASTE MANAGEMENT |
· N/A |
·
N/A |
TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY |
·
The Project Area is relatively
undisturbed and its terrestrial habitats are dominated by shrubland.
·
The following floral and faunal species
of conservation interest have been identified within the Study Area: ·
Two protected plant species: Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes mirabilis) and Bamboo Orchid (Arundina graminifolia); ·
Two uncommon butterflies and two rare butterflies; ·
A protected amphibian: Lesser Spiny Frog
(Rana exilispinosa); ·
A protected reptile: Burmese Python (Python molurus); ·
Three birds of conservation interest:
Black Kite (Milvus lineatus), |
·
The Project Area has largely been
developed. ·
The following floral and faunal species
of conservation interest have been identified within the Study Area: ·
A protected and rare orchid: Golden Eulophia (Eulophia flava); ·
Three uncommon dragonfly species, fifteen
uncommon and two rare butterfly species; ·
An uncommon reptile: Plumbeous
Water Snake (Enhydris plumbea),
and a protected reptile: Common Rat Snake (Pytas mucosus); ·
Eleven bird species of conservation
interest Shek Pik: ·
One protected plant species Pavetta (Pavetta hongkongensis); ·
Four uncommon butterfly species; ·
An endemic and protected amphibian: Romer’s Tree Frog (Philautus romeri); ·
One locally protected bat species
Japanese Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus abramus); ·
Eight bird species of conservation
interest. |
MARINE ECOLOGY |
·
The following ecological sensitive
receivers were identified. In brackets
is the closest distance between the sensitive receiver and the marine works
(site/pipeline/utilities):: ·
Habitats of the Indo-pacific
Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) (< 1 km); ·
Designated Sha
Chau and Lung Kwu Chau) marine park (~2.7 km); ·
Intertidal
mudflats and mangroves at Pak Nai (~2.6 km); ·
Seagrass
beds and horseshoe crab nursery grounds at Pak Nai
(~2.6 km); ·
Other marine ecological sensitive
receivers are located at >10 km away from the site and are thus not
considered key sensitive receivers. |
·
The following ecological sensitive
receivers were identified. In brackets
is the closest distance between the sensitive receiver and the marine works
(site/pipeline/utilities): ·
Habitats of the Indo-pacific
Humpback Dolphin and Finless Porpoise (<1 km). ·
Designated Sha
Chau and Lung Kwu Chau (<1 km); ·
Seagrass
beds at Pak Nai (~5.4 km); ·
Intertidal
mudflats at Pak Nai (~5.4 km); Tai O, Yi O, Shui Hau Wan ·
Mangroves at Pak Nai (~5.4 km); ·
Horseshoe crab nursery grounds: Pak
Nai (~1.8 km), Sham Wat
Wan (~1.7 km), Tai O (<1 km), Yi O (~1.7 km), Sha
Lo Wan (~3.3 km), Tong Fuk Miu
(~2.1 km) Wan, ·
Protection zone for Chinese White
Dolphins in mainland waters (~2.1 km). |
FISHERIES |
·
Fisheries spawning ground in ·
Artificial reefs at Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau (~6 km). ·
Other fisheries resources sensitive
receivers are located at >10 km away from the site and are thus not
considered key sensitive receivers. |
·
Nursery areas of commercial
fisheries resources in south Lantau (<1 km); ·
Fisheries spawning ground in North
and ·
Artificial reefs: Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau (<1 km km), Airport
(~8.3 km); ·
Fish fry habitat at Pak Tso Wan (<1 km); ·
Other
fisheries resources sensitive receivers are located at >10 km away from
the site/pipeline/utilities and are thus not considered key sensitive receivers. |
LANDSCAPE & VISUAL |
·
The site is remote and not visible
from densely populated areas. There are no views from villages. ·
Visually Sensitive Receivers: ·
Public Areas (VSR1 and VSR6); ·
Road Network; (VSR3, 4 and 5); ·
Ocean viewpoints (VSR 2). ·
The site is close to Black Point
Power Station ·
Landscape Resources: ·
Plantation (LR1), shrubland (LR2), shrubby grassland (LR3), stream /
channel (LR4), developed area (LR5), rocky shoreline (LR6), power station
edge (LR7) ·
Landscape Character Areas: ·
Black Point coastal uplands (LCA1),
Black Point industrial urban landscape (LCA2), offshore waters landscape
(LCA3), inshore waters landscape (LCA4). |
·
The site is remote and not visible
from densely populated areas. ·
Visually Sensitive Receivers: ·
Villages (VSR 1, 5, 13 and 14);
views from Tai Long Wan Tsuen, Pui
O, the Chi Ma Wan Peninsula and Shek Kwu Chau. ·
·
Road Network (VSR 2 and 8); ·
Ocean viewpoints (VSR 9, 10 and
11). ·
The site has been disturbed in the
past. ·
Landscape Resources: ·
Secondary woodland (LR1),
plantation (LR2), shrubland (LR3), backshore shrubland (LR4), grassland (LR5), abandoned wet and dry
agricultural land (LR6), disturbed area (LR7), abandoned reservoir (LR8),
rocky shoreline (LR9), sandy beaches (LR10), Artificial shore (LR11) and Tin Hau Temple (LR12) ·
Landscape Character Areas: ·
Island landscape (LCA1), abandoned
institutional landscape (LCA2), offshore waters landscape (LCA3), inshore
waters landscape (LCA4) |
CULTURAL HERITAGE |
No terrestrial or marine sites of
cultural heritage were identified. |
·
The following terrestrial cultural
heritage resources have been identified: Shek Pik: ·
The Shek Pik Rock Carving Declared Monument; ·
An abandoned ·
The Shek Pik archaeological site. ·
·
·
Earth shrines; and ·
The Tai A Chau
archaeological site with six distinct archaeological deposit areas (namely
Sites A to E, and G - Site F being at Shek Pik). ·
No marine archaeological resources
were identified. |
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT |
·
The Terminal site, although remote
is closer to populated areas than ·
The proposed route utilises the
busy vessel fairways of central -
-
Ma Wan Island and -
New Territories: Sham Tseng, Tsing Lung Tau, Gold Coast, Tuen Mun ·
With respect to the route to Black
Point, a higher number of land and marine based sensitive receivers will be
exposed to the LNG carrier’s transit route than for the |
·
No sensitive receivers have been
highlighted. The Terminal site is
remote from densely populated areas. ·
The LNG carrier’s route to |
KEY ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS |
||
EIAO
– TM COMPLIANCE:
For each of the components assessed in the EIA Report, the assessments and the residual impacts have all
been shown, for both sites, to be acceptable and in compliance with the
relevant assessment standards/criteria of the EIAO-TM Annexes. The
information below focuses on some of the key findings of the Environmental
and Risk Assessments performed for this EIA on the two options. |
||
AIR QUALITY |
·
Although no adverse residual
construction or operational air quality impact have been predicted, it is noted
that there are other significant emissions in the vicinity of the site from
the existing Black Point and Castle Peak Power Stations. |
·
No adverse residual construction or
operational air quality impact is anticipated due to the remoteness of the site
from ASRs. |
NOISE |
·
No adverse residual construction or
operational noise impact is anticipated |
·
No adverse residual construction or
operational noise impact is anticipated. |
WATER QUALITY |
·
No unacceptable residual impacts have
been predicted to occur during the construction phase as impacts are
predicted to remain close to the works areas. ·
The result of the construction of
the terminal at Black Point will be the reduction in sea area by
approximately 16 ha. ·
Maintenance dredging at the site
will be relatively frequent (1 in 4 to 5 years). ·
Given the immediate dilution of the
cooled water discharges from the terminal outfall and that the limited volume
of sewage generated would be treated on site before being discharged in accordance
with the EPD’s required standards, residual water
quality impacts during the operation phase are not expected. |
·
No unacceptable residual impacts
have been predicted to occur during the construction phase as impacts are
predicted to remain close to the works areas. ·
The result of the construction of
the terminal at ·
Maintenance dredging at the site
will be very infrequent (1 in more than 10 years). ·
Given the immediate dilution of the
cooled water discharges from the terminal outfall and that the limited volume
of sewage generated would be treated on site before being discharged in
accordance with the EPD’s required standards,
residual water quality impacts during the operation phase are not expected. |
WASTE MANAGEMENT |
·
The result of the construction
works is the need to dispose of 3.15 Mm3 of marine sediment off
site. |
·
The
result of the construction works is the need to dispose of 3.89 Mm3
of marine sediment and 0.179 Mm3 of soil offsite. |
TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY |
Black Point ·
The Project will involve the
permanent loss of approximately 4.2 ha of shrubland,
1.0 ha of developed area and 135m drainage channel. The affected habitats are considered to be
of moderate to negligible ecological value. ·
No adverse residual impact due to
the construction and operation of the LNG terminal is expected after the
implementation of the proposed mitigation measures including provision of 0.7
ha of compensatory and 6 ha of enhancement planting of shrubland,
reinstatement of the temporary haul road and transplantation of Pitcher
Plants and Bamboo Orchids. ·
Although the terrestrial ecology at Black
Point is mainly dominated by moderate-low shrubland/grass
habitat typical of |
·
Approximately 0.2 ha of secondary
woodland, 2.8 ha of plantation, 8.3 ha of shrubland,
0.5 ha of abandoned wet agricultural land, 1.8 ha of grassland and 5.6 ha of
disturbed area will be lost permanently or temporarily. Overall the affected areas are considered
to be of low/negligible to moderate quality habitats. ·
No adverse residual impact due to
the construction and operation of the LNG terminal is expected at ·
It must be noted that many of the
habitats on Shek
Pik: ·
Approximately 0.004 ha of
plantation and 0.02 ha of developed area will be lost permanently and 0.12 ha
of developed area will be lost temporarily.
The affected areas are considered to be low/negligible quality
habitat. |
MARINE ECOLOGY |
·
The loss of approximately 600 m of
natural rocky shore/intertidal habitat and
approximately 120 m of artificial shoreline which are of low ecological
value. The residual impact is
considered to be acceptable, as the loss will be compensated by the provision
of approx. 1.1 km of sloping rubble mound/rock or concrete armour seawalls
that have been demonstrated to become recolonised
by assemblages of a similar nature after construction. ·
The loss of approximately 16 ha of subtidal soft bottom assemblages within the reclamation
sites. The residual impact is
considered to be acceptable as even though the size of habitat lost is
relatively large it is of relatively low ecological concern. ·
The loss of approximately 16 ha of
marine waters within the reclamation sites.
The residual impact is considered to be acceptable as the habitat
forms only a small portion of the extensive home range of affected animals
(typically over 100km2) and is not expected to result in long term
biologically significant impacts on the population of marine mammals in ·
Maintenance dredging of specific
areas of the approach channel and turning is expected to be required once
every 4 to 5 years. Although impact to
water quality is expected to be compliant with current WQO standards, the
works will result in relatively regular disturbance to the low ecological
value habitat within the dredged areas. ·
Based on the above no adverse
residual ecological impacts have been identified. It must also be noted that the marine
environment around the Black Point has been subject to disturbance in the
past as a result of the reclamation at BPPS and sand dredging. |
·
The loss of approximately 560 m of
artificial shoreline/intertidal habitat,
approximately 265 m of natural rocky shore/natural subtidal
habitat and approximately 35 m of sandy shore which are of low to medium
ecological value. The residual impact
is considered to be acceptable, as the loss of these habitats will be
compensated by the provision of 0.6 km of sloping rubble mound/rock or concrete
armour seawalls that have been demonstrated to become recolonised
by assemblages of a similar nature after construction. ·
The loss of approximately 0.6 ha of
subtidal soft bottom assemblages within the
reclamation site. The residual impact
is considered to be acceptable as the habitat is of low ecological concern as
a result of previous reclamation works and small size. ·
The loss of approximately 0.6 ha of
marine waters within the reclamation site.
The residual impact is considered to be acceptable as the habitat
supports comparatively low sightings of marine mammals and the size of
habitat loss is small. ·
Water quality mitigation measures
have been proposed to ensure compliance with relevant standards that will
prevent impacts from occurring to ecological sensitive receivers during the
construction works for the terminal and submarine utilities. ·
Maintenance dredging of specific
areas of the approach channel and turning circle is expected to be required
very infrequently (once every 10 years).
Since impact to water quality is expected to be compliant with current
WQO standards, the residual impact associated with maintenance dredging is
considered to be acceptable. ·
Based on the above, no unacceptable
residual ecological impacts have been identified. It must also be noted that the marine
environment around the |
FISHERIES |
· The
identified residual impact occurring during the construction phase is the
permanent loss of approximately 16 ha of fishing grounds required for the LNG
terminal reclamation. ·
The residual impact is considered
to be acceptable as even though the size of fishing ground lost is relatively
large, the fisheries production values are relatively low. |
· The identified
residual impact occurring during the construction phase is the permanent loss
of approximately 0.6 ha of seabed associated with the LNG terminal
reclamation. · The
limited habitat loss, the small-scale nature of fishing operations and the
potential environmental benefits of the seawall combine to reduce the
magnitude of this residual impact to within acceptable levels. |
LANDSCAPE & VISUAL |
·
The proposed LNG terminal would be
only visible from limited viewpoints, including the small number of visitors
on the remote ·
Potential glare and lighting
impacts will be low due to the distances between the site and VSRs and careful lighting selection and placement. ·
There will be an overall slight
residual impact on the landscape character of Black Point headland which is
considered acceptable. ·
Of the impacts on the Landscape
Resources, most will be partially mitigated with additional plantings or
through construction of the new terminal to blend as best as possible with
the surrounding landscape |
·
Due to its remoteness and layout,
most land based viewing locations will be too far removed from the proposed LNG
terminal to be aware of the change in landscape. ·
The major visual change and impact
on landscape character will be for those few viewers who visit the
surrounding area and particularly the ocean between South and North Soko and south of ·
Potential glare and lighting
impacts will be low due to the distances between the site and VSRs and careful lighting selection and placement. ·
There will be a residual impact on
the landscape character of ·
Compensatory planting will mitigate
the effects of the development on many of the landscape resources. The
effects on the rocky shoreline can be partially mitigated by the use of
natural rock in the reclamation areas and the sandy beach will be partially
mitigated by the natural accretion of sand. ·
The LNG terminal will not result in
significant effects on the Landscape Resources; |
CULTURAL HERITAGE |
·
Loss of two building structures at
Terrace 1, a WWII cave at Terrace 2 and a stone structure at Terrace 3 of low
cultural resource value. ·
The loss is considered acceptable
provided that a photographic and cartographic recording is undertaken for the
sites following AMO’s requirements. |
·
Potential direct impacts on archaeological
deposits at Sites B to E within the Tai A Chau
Archaeological Site are considered unavoidable. Preservation in situ of the archaeological
deposit within the footprint of the development area is also considered not
feasible, as underground utilities need to be installed. ·
The rescue excavation for Sites B
to E will be undertaken to preserve the archaeological deposits by record
prior to the start of construction works. ·
The excavation and preservation of
the sites is considered to be a benefit to the cultural heritage of |
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT |
·
The results of the Marine
Quantitative Risk Assessment of the transit of the LNG carrier to Black Point
indicated that individual risk is acceptable and the societal risk is as low
as reasonably practicable (ALARP) as set out in HKSARG risk guidelines
presented in Annex 4 of the EIAO-TM. ·
The results of the Terminal
Quantitative Risk Assessments of the LNG terminal at Black Point indicated
that individual and societal risk levels comply with the HKSARG risk
guidelines presented in Annex 4 of
the EIAO-TM. ·
Access to the Black Point site
today requires marine transit through busy harbour traffic, and along densely
populated areas, of: -
Western Hong Kong
Island: Ap Lei Chau, Cyberport; -
Ma Wan Island and -
New Territories: Sham Tseng, Tsing Lung Tau, Gold Coast, Tuen Mun. |
·
The results of the Marine
Quantitative Risk Assessment of the transit of the LNG carrier to ·
The results of the Terminal and
Pipeline Quantitative Risk Assessments of the LNG terminal at ·
The remote location of the |
The Study Brief for this EIA in Clause
2.1(xiv) requires a comparison of the environmental merits and demerits of the
Black Point and
For each of the components assessed in the South Soko EIA Report, the assessments and the residual
impacts have all been shown to be acceptable within the relevant
standards/criteria of the EIAO-TM and the associated Annexes.
The marine risk for the transit of LNG carriers
to Black Point is in the As Low As reasonably Practicable (ALARP) ([1]) region for some areas of the marine
transit of the LNG carrier but for all other aspects of the Black Point EIA
Report, the assessments and the residual impact have all been shown to be
acceptable within the relevant standards/criteria of the EIAO-TM and the
associated Annexes.