Table 1    Bird Species Recorded within the Study Area and Area in the Vicinity (from Ecological Study for SENT Landfill Extension ([1]) and Hong Kong Bird Report Year 1990-2000 ([2]))

 

Common Name

Scientific Name

Commonness

Status

Location

Artic Warbler

Phylloscopus borealis

U

PM

SENT

Asian Paradise Flycatcher

Terpsiphone paradise

R

PM

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Barn Swallow

Hirundo rustica

CW

SV

SENT

Black Bittern

Dupetor flavicollis

VR

PM

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Black Bird

Mandarinus

U

WV

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Black Drongo

Dicrurus macrocercus

CW

SV

Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate*

Black-eared Kite

Milvus lineatus

CW

R, WV

SENT

Black–faced Laughing Thrush

Garrulax perspicillatus

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Black-necked Starling

Sturnus nigricollis

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Black-winged Stilt

Himantopus himantopus

R

PM, WV

Tseung Kwan O*

Bright-capped Cisticola

Cisticola exilis

VR

WV

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Chinese Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Chinese Francolin

Francolinus pintadeanus

CW

R

SENT

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Crested Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Crested Myna

Acridotheres cristatellus

CW

R

SENT, Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Daurian Redstart

Phoenicurus auroreus

U

WV

Clearwater Bay

Dusky Warbler

Phylloscopus fuscatus

U

WV

Clearwater Bay

Eurasian Eagle Owl

Bubo bubo

VR

R

Tseung Kwan O

Forest Wagtail

Dendronanthus indicus

R

PM

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Greater Necklaced Laughing Thrush

Garrulax pectoralis

R

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Grey Heron

Ardea cinerea

CW

WV

Tseung Kwan O*

House Swift

Apus nipalensis

CW

R

SENT

Japanese White Eye

Zosterops japonica

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Jungle Crow

Corvus macrorhynchus

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Lesser Coucal

Centropus bengalensis

U

R

SENT

Light-vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

CW

R

SENT

Long-tailed Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

CW

R

SENT

Magpie

Pica pica

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Magpie Robin

Copsychus saularis

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Masked Laughing Thrush

Garrulax chinensis

CW

R

SENT

Olive-backed Pipit

Anthus hodgsoni

CW

PM, WV

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Pacific Reef Egret

Egretta sacra

U

R

SENT

Pacific Swift

Apus pacificus

CW

SV, WV

SENT

Plain Prinia

Prinia inornata

U

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Red-vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus aurigaser

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

CW

R

SENT

Richard’s Pipit

Anthus richardi

CW

R, PM, WV

SENT

Rufous-backed Shrike

Lanius schach

CW

R

Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Rufous-tailed Robin

Luscinia sibilans

R

PM, WV

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Sooty-headed Bulbul

Pycnonotus aurigaster

CW

R

SENT

Spotted Dove

Streptopelia chinensis

CW

R

SENT

Whiskered Tern

Chlidonias hybridus

R

PM

Tseung Kwan O*

White-bellied Sea Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster

U

R

SENT

White Wagtail

Motacilla alba

CW

WV

Clear Water Bay Peninsula*

Yellow-bellied Prinia

Prinia flaviventris

CW

R

SENT, Clear Water Bay Peninsula

Zitting Cisticola

Cisticola juncidis

U

PM, WV

Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate*

‘*’ Sighting records reported in the Hong Kong Bird Report 1990-2000.

Commonness & Distribution:           CW = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localized, VR = very rare

Main Status:   R = Resident, WV = Winter Visitor, PM = Passage Migrant, SV = Summer Visitor


 

Table 2       Plant Species Recorded Within the Study Area

 

 

 

 

 

 

Relative Abundance

 

 

Species

Growth Form

Origin

Status

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Seasonal Stream

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Acacia auriculiformis

T

E

C

F

 

 

 

A

Acacia confusa

T

E

VC

D

S

 

 

 

Acacia Mangium

T

E

VC

F

 

 

 

 

Adiantum capillus

F

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Ageratum conyzoides

H

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Albizia lebbeck

T

N

C

O

 

 

 

O

Alocasia macrorrhiza

H

N

VC

 

 

 

F

 

Alpinia katsumadai

H

N

C

 

S

S

 

 

Antirrhoea chinensis

S

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Aporusa dioica

S

N

VC

 

 

 

F

 

Archidendron clypearis

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Archidendron lucidum

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Alyxia sinensis

C

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Baeckea frutescens

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Bauhinia blackeana

T

N

VC

 

 

 

 

O

Bauhinia galphinii

C

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Berchemia racemosa

C

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Bidens bipinnata

H

N

VC

O

F

F

F

 

Breynia fruticosa

S

N

VC

O

F

F

 

 

Bridelia tomentosa

S

N

VC

 

F

F

 

 

Caesalphinia vernalis

C

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Callicarpa cathayana

S

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Canthium dicoccum

S

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Carallia brachiata

S

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Carex chinensis

G

N

C

 

F

F

S

F

Cassytha filiformis

C

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Casuarina equisetifolia

T

E

VC

O

 

 

 

O

Celtis sinensis

T

N

C

 

S

 

 

 

Cerbera manghas

T

E

C

 

S

 

 

 

Chrysanthemum indicum

S

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Cirsium japonicum

H

N

C

 

O

O

 

 

Clerodendrum fortunatum

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Clerodendrum inerme

S

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Cratoxylum cochinchinensis

S

N

VC

 

A

 

 

 

Cyperus rotundus

G

N

VC

 

F

O

 

 

Dalbergia benthami

C

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Dalbergia millettii

C

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Daphniphyllum calycinum

T

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Delonix regia

T

E

VC

 

 

 

 

O

Desmos cochinchinensis

C

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Dianella ensifolia

H

N

VC

 

 

F

 

 

Dicranopteris linearis

F

N

VC

 

O

 

 

 

Digitaria sanquinalis

G

N

C

 

 

F

 

 

Dimocarpus longan

T

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Diospyros vaccinioides

S

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Duranta repens

S

E

C

 

F

O

 

O

Embelia laeta

C

N

VC

 

F

O

 

 

Embelia ribes

C

N

C

 

F

O

 

 

Erigeron floribundus

H

N

VC

 

F

F

 

 

Eurya japonica

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Ficus microcapus

T

N

VC

F

O

 

 

F

Ficus superba

T

N

VC

 

O

 

 

 

Ficus hispida

T

N

VC

 

 

 

 

O

Ficus variolosa

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Gardenia jasminoides

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Glochidion eriocarpum

S

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Glochidion zeylancium

S

N

C

 

F

O

 

 

Gnetum montanum

C

N

C

 

F

O

 

 

Hedyotis acutangula

H

N

VC

 

F

O

 

 

Ilex asprella

S

N

VC

 

F

O

 

 

Ilex pubescens

S

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Indocalamus sinicus

S

N

VC

 

 

O

 

 

Ipomoea cairica

C

N

VC

 

 

 

F

O

Ischaemum aristatum

G

N

VC

 

F

A

 

 

Itea chinensis

T

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Lagerstroemia speciosa

T

E

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Lantana camara

S

E

VC

O

F

O

F

O

Leucaena leucocephala

S

N

VC

F

 

 

 

F

Ligustrum sinensis

S

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Litsea cubeba

T

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Litsea glutinosa

T

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Litsea rotundifolia

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Livistona chinensis

P

N

VC

 

O

 

 

O

Lophostemon conferta

T

E

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Lygodium dichotomum

C

N

VC

 

F

 

O

 

Macaranga tanarius

T

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Maesa perlarius

S

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Mallotus paniculatus

T

N

C

 

O

 

 

 

Melastoma candidum

S

N

VC

 

F

F

 

 

Melia azedarach

T

E

C

O

 

 

 

 

Melodinus monogynus

C

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Michelia alba

T

E

C

 

 

 

 

 

Microcos paniculata

S

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Mikania micrantha

C

E

VC

O

F

 

F

 

Millettia reticulata

C

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Mimosa pudica

S

N

VC

O

F

F

F

F

Miscanthus sinensis

G

N

VC

 

F

F

F

F

Morus alba

S

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Mussaenda erosa

S

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Neyraudia arundinacea

G

N

VC

 

F

F

 

F

Opuntia dillenii

S

N

C

 

S

 

 

 

Ormosia emarginata

S

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Paederia scandens

C

N

C

 

 

 

F

 

Panicum maximum

G

N

C

 

O

 

 

O

Paspalum conjugatum

G

N

C

 

F

 

 

F

Phoenix hanceana

P

N

C

 

S

 

 

 

Phyllanthus emblica

T

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Phyllanthus cochinchinensis

S

N

VC

 

O

 

F

 

Pinus elliottii

T

E

C

 

S

 

 

 

Psychotria rubra

S

N

VC

 

O

 

 

 

Psychotria serpens

C

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Rhapis excelsa

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

O

Rhaphiolepis indica

S

N

VC

 

A

O

 

 

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

S

N

VC

 

A

O

 

 

Rhus chinensis

S

N

VC

 

F

F

 

 

Rhus succedanea

S

N

VC

 

F

F

F

 

Rhynchelytrum repens

G

N

VC

 

F

F

 

 

Rourea microphylla

C

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Sapium discolor

S

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Sapium sebiferum

S

N

C

 

F

 

 

 

Schefflera octophylla

S

N

VC

 

F

 

O

F

Scleria harlandi

Se

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Smilax china

C

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Solanum nigrum

H

N

VC

 

 

 

 

O

Sterculia lanceolata

T

N

C

 

S

 

 

 

Strophanthus divaricatus

C

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Tetracera asiatica

C

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Thespesia populnea

T

N

C

 

 

 

 

 

Tricalysia dubia

S

N

VC

 

 

 

 

 

Wedelia chinensis

C

N

VC

 

S

 

O

O

Wikstroemia chinensis

S

N

VC

 

F

F

 

 

Zanthoxylum avicennae

S

N

VC

O

F

 

 

 

Zanthoxylum nitidum

S

N

VC

 

F

 

 

 

Zingiber officinale

H

N

C

 

O

 

O

 

Total no. of Species

 

 

 

14

80

30

12

22

Abundance: A=Abundant; F=Frequent; O=Occasional; S=Scarce

Status: C=Common; VC=Very Common; P=Protected

Plant Form: G=Grass; Climber; H=Herb; P=Palm; S=Shrub; T=Tree, Se=Sedge

Origin: N=Native; E=Exotic


 

Table 3      Mammal Species Recorded Within the Study Area in Dry Season

 

Common Name

Scientific Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Japanese Pipistrelle

Pipistrellus abramus

Abundance

 

1

 

 

 

Tanezumi Rat

Rattus tanezumi

Abundance

 

3

 

 

Wild Boar

Sus scrofa

Common

 

 

Tracks

Tracks

 

 

Table 4       Mammal Species Recorded Within the Study Area in Wet Season

 

Common Name

Scientific Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Distutrbed/ Developed Area

Japanese Pipistrelle

Pipistrellus abramus

Abundance

 

1

 

4

Brown Noctule Bat

Nyctalus noctula

Common

 

 

 

1

Wild Boar

Sus scrofa

Common

 

 

Tracks

Tracks

 


 

Table 5       Bird Species Recorded within the Study Area

 

Common Name

Species Name

Commonness

Status in Hong Kong

Habitats Recorded in Dry Season

Habitats Recorded in Wet Season

Barn Swallow

Hirudo rustica

CW

SV, PM

 

S, G, D

Black Drongo

Dicrurus macrocercus

CW

SV

 

G

Black Kite

Milvus lineatus

CW

R, WV

S, P, G, D

S, P, G, D, C

Black-collared Starling

Sturnus nigricollis

CW

R

P, D

S, P, D

Black-crowned Night Heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

U

R

D

 

Black-faced Bunting

Emberiza spodocephala

CW

Sh#, WV, PM

S

 

Blue Magpie

Urocissa erythrorhyncha

CW

R

P

G, D

Blue Rock Thrush

Monticola solitarius

U

WV, PM

G

 

Blue Whistling Thrush

Myiophoneus caeruleus

CW

R

S

 

Brown Hawk Owl

Ninox scutulata

VR

PM

 

S

Brown Shrike

Lanius cristatus

U

PM

 

G

Chinese Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

C

R

S, G, P, D

S, G, P, D

Chinese Francolin

Francolinus pintadeanus

CW

R

 

G

Common Black Bird

Turdus merula

U

WV, PM

P, D

 

Common Buzzard

Buteo buteo

U

WV

S, G

 

Common Kestrel

Falco tinnunculus

U

WV, PM

G

 

Common Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

CW

R

 

C

Common Koel

Eudynamis scolopacea

CW

R

 

S

Common Magpie

Pica pica

CW

R

S, P, D

P, D

Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

CW

WV, PM

 

C

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

CW

R

S, P, D

S, D

Crested Myna

Acridotheres cristatellus

CW

R

S, D

S, P, G, D

Daurian Redstart

Phoenicurus auroreus

U

WV

S, P, G, D

 

Dusky Warbler

Phylloscopus fuscatus

U

WV, PM

S, P, D

 

Fork-tailed Sunbird

Aethopyga christinae

U

R

 

 

Great Tit

Parus major

CW

R

P

 

Greater Coucal

Centropus sinensis

CW

R

S

S

Grey Wagtail

Motacilla cinerea

 

 

 

G

Grey-backed Thrush

Turdus hortulorum

U

WV

P

 

Hwamei

Garrulax canorus

U

R

G,

G

Japanese White-eye

Zosterops japonicus

CW

R, WV

S, P, G, D

P, G, D

Large-billed Crow

Corvus macrorhynchos

CW

R

S

P, G

Large Hawk Cuckoo

Cuculus sparverioides

U

SV

 

 

Light-vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

CW

R

S, P, G, D

S, P, G, D

Little Bunting

Emberiza pusilla

U

WV, PM

S

 

Long-tailed Shrike

Lanius schach

CW

R

S, G

G

Masked Laughing Thrush

Garrulax perspicillatus

CW

R

S,

P

Olive-backed Pipit

Anthus hodgsoni

CW

WV, PM

S, D

 

Oriental Magpie Robin

Copsychus saularis

CW

R

S, P

P, D

Oriental Turtle Dove

Streptopelia orientalis

CW

WV

P, G

 

Pacific Swift

Apus pacificus

U

R

 

 

Plain Prinia

Prinia inornatus

U

R

S, G, D

S, G, D

Plaintive Cuckoo

Cacomantis merulinus

U

SV

 

G

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

CW

R

S, P, D

S, P, G, D

Richard's Pipit

Anthus richardi

CW

WV, PM

S, G

S, G

Scaly-breasted Munia

Lonchura punctulata

U

R

P

D

Sooty-headed Bulbul

Pycnonotus augrigaster

CW

R

S, G

S, G

Spotted Dove

Streptopelia chinensis

CW

R

S, P, D

S, P, D

Tree Sparrow

Passer montanus

CW

R

 

S, P, D

White Wagtail

Motacilla alba

CW

WV, PM

S, P, G, D

S, P, G, D

White-bellied Sea Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster

U

R

G, D

G

White-rumped Munia

Lonchura striata

CW

R

S, P, G, D

S

Yellow-bellied Prinia

Prinia flaviventris

CW

R

S, G, D

S, P, G

Yellow-browed Warbler

Phylloscopus inornatus

CW

WV, PM

S, P, G,

 

Zitting Cisticola

Cisticola juncidis

U

WV, PM

G

 

 

 

 

Total Species

41

36

Habitats: S = Shrubland, P = Plantation, G = Grassland, D = Developed Area, C = Sandy Shore,

Commonness & Distribution: CW = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localized, VR = very rare

Main Status:   R = Resident, WV = Winter Visitor, PM = Passage Migrant


 

Table 6       Bird Species Recorded Quantitatively within Study Area in Dry Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Black Kite

Milvus migrans

5

81

17

13

Black-collared Starling

Sturnus nigrocollis

1

0

0

6

Black-faced Bunting

Emberiza spodocephala

0

6

0

0

Blue Whistling Thrush

Myiophoneus caeruleus

0

1

0

0

Chinese Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

8

61

11

11

Common Black Bird

Turdus merula

2

0

0

1

Common Buzzard

Buteo buteo

0

2

1

0

Common Magpie

Pica pica

1

1

0

3

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

4

3

0

1

Crested Myna

Acridotheres cristatellus

0

8

0

21

Daurian Redstart

Phoenicurus auroreus

1

3

2

1

Dusky Warbler

Phylloscopus fuscatus

2

4

0

4

Great Tit

Parus major

2

0

0

0

Greater Coucal

Centropus sinensis

0

1

0

0

Grey-backed Thrush

Turdus hortulorum

1

0

0

0

Hwamei

Garrulax canorus

0

0

2

0

Japanese White-eye

Zosterops japonicus

3

7

6

7

Large-billed Crow

Corvus macrorhynchos

0

5

0

0

Long-tailed Shrike

Lanius schach

0

3

1

0

Magpie Robin

Copsychus saularis

1

1

0

0

Masked Laughing Thrush

Garrulax perspicillatus

0

8

0

0

Olive-backed Pipit

Anthus hodgsoni

0

3

0

3

Plain Prinia

Prinia inornatus

0

2

5

2

Red-vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus augrigaster

0

2

3

0

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

2

10

0

8

Richard's Pipit

Anthus richardi

0

1

1

0

Rufous Turtle Dove

Streptopelia orientalis

1

0

1

0

Scaly-breasted Munia

Lonchura pun

7

0

0

0

Spotted Dove

Streptopelia chinensis

5

3

0

1

White Wagtail

Motacilla alba

5

9

1

4

White-backed Munia

Lonchura striata

12

29

3

2

Yellow-bellied Prinia

Prinia flaviventris

0

14

1

2

Yellow-browed Warbler

Phylloscopus inornatus

2

12

2

0

 

Total Species

19

26

15

17

 

Total Individuals

65

280

57

90


 

Table 7       Bird Species Recorded Quantitatively within Study Area in Wet Season

 

Common Name

 

Study Area

Species Name

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Barn Swallow

Hirudo rustica

0

1

3

3

Black Drongo

Dicrurus macrocercus

0

0

1

0

Black Kite

Milvus migrans

9

19

31

11

Black-collared Starling

Sturnus nigrocollis

3

6

0

1

Blue Magpie

Urocissa erythrorhyncha

0

0

1

1

Brown Hawk Owl

Ninox scutulata

0

1

0

0

Brown Shrike

Lanius cristatus

0

0

1

0

Chinese Bulbul

Pycnonotus sinensis

5

27

15

6

Chinese Francolin

Francolinus pintadeanus

0

0

2

0

Common Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

0

0

0

0

Common Koel

Eudynamis scolopacea

0

1

0

0

Common Magpie

Pica pica

1

0

0

2

Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

0

0

0

0

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

0

6

0

1

Crested Myna

Acridotheres cristatellus

5

12

2

11

Greater Coucal

Centropus sinensis

0

2

0

0

Grey Wagtail

Motacilla cinerea

0

0

1

0

Hwamei

Garrulax canorus

0

0

7

0

Japanese White-eye

Zosterops japonicus

9

5

1

3

Large-billed Crow

Corvus macrorhynchos

1

0

1

0

Long-tailed Shrike

Lanius schach

0

0

5

0

Magpie Robin

Copsychus saularis

1

0

0

1

Masked Laughing Thrush

Garrulax perspicillatus

2

4

0

0

Pacific Swift

Apus pacificus

 

 

 

 

Plain Prinia

Prinia inornatus

0

11

1

1

Plaintive Cuckoo

Cacomantis merulinus

0

0

1

0

Red-vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus augrigaster

0

6

16

0

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

2

6

1

8

Richard's Pipit

Anthus richardi

0

1

2

0

Scaly-breasted Munia

Lonchura pun

0

0

0

4

Spotted Dove

Streptopelia chinensis

2

7

0

1

Tree Sparrow

Passer montanus

5

1

0

6

White Wagtail

Motacilla alba

2

7

2

4

White-backed Munia

Lonchura striata

0

5

0

0

White-bellied Sea Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster

0

0

1

0

Yellow-bellied Prinia

Prinia flaviventris

2

20

2

2

 

Total Species

14

20

21

17

 

Total Individuals

49

148

97

66


 

Table 8       Butterfly Species Recorded within the Study Area

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Habitat Recorded in Dry Season

Habitat Recorded in   Wet Season

Blue Admiral

Kaniska canace

Common

D

 

Blue Tiger

Tirumala limniace

Common

S

 

Blue-spotted Crow

Euploea midamus

Very Common

D

G

Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger

Ideopsis similis

Very Common

 

P, G

Common Bluebottle

Graphium sarpedon

Very Common

S

S

Common Dart

Potanthus pseudomaesa

Rare

 

S

Common Evening Brown

Melanitis leda

Common

P

 

Common Grass Yellow

Eurema hecabe

Very Common

P, S,G, D

P, S, G

Common Mapwing

Cyrestis thyodamas

Common

 

P

Common Mime

Chilasa clytia

Common

 

P, S, G

Common Mormon

Papilio polytes

Very Common

S, D

P, S, G

Common Nawab

Polyura athamas

Uncommon

S

 

Common Sailer

Neptis hylas

Common

P, G

G

Common Sergeant

Athyma perius

Common

S, G

S, G

Common Tiger

Danaus genutia

Very Common

S, D

 

Contiguous Swift

Polytremis lubricans

Common

 

G

Dark Cerulean

Jamides bochus

Common

S

 

Dark Grass Blue

Zizeeria karsandra

Rare

G, D

G

Dark-brand Bush Brown

Mycalesis mineus

Very Common

 

S, G

Grass Demon

Udaspes folus

Rare

 

G

Great Eggfly

Hypolimnas bolina

Common

P, S

P, D

Indian Cabbage White

Pieris candida

Very Common

 

P, G

Indian Fritillary

Argyreus hyperbius

Uncommon

S

S

Indian Palm Bob

Suastus gremius

Uncommon

S

 

Large Faun

Faunis eumeus

Very Common

 

S, P

Lemon Emigrant

Catopsilia pomona

Common

P, G

P,S, G, D

Lesser Band Dart

Potanthus trachala

Rare

S, G

G

Lesser Grass Blue

Zizina otis

Common

G, D

 

Lime Blue

Chilades lajus

Very Common

 

G

Lime Butterfly

Papilio demoleus

Common

 

S

Little Branded Swift

Pelopidas agna

Common

G

 

Long-tailed Blue

Lampides boeticus

Very Common

G, D

 

Mottled Emigrant

Catopsilia pyranthe

Common

P, S

P, S, G

Pale Grass Blue

Zizeeria maha

Very Common

S, D

P, G

Pale Palm Dart

Telicota colon

Common

 

G

Paris Peacock

Papilio paris

Very Common

S

 

Peacock Pansy

Junonia almana

Common

 

P

Plum Judy

Abisara echerius

Very Common

S, G, D

S, G

Red Helen

Papilio helenus

Very Common

 

S, P

Red Ring Skirt

Hestina assimilis

Common

P

 

Red-base Jazebel

Delias pasithoe

Very Common

P, S

 

Rustic

Cupha erymanthis

Very Common

G

S

Slate Flash

Rapala manea

Common

G, D

 

Small Grass Blue

Famegana alsulus

Uncommon

G

 

Spangle

Papilio protenor

Very Common

 

P

Straight Five-ring

Ypthima lisandra

Common

P, S, G

S, G

Swallowtail

Papilio xuthus

Rare

S

 

Tailed Cupid

Everes lacturnus

Common

 

G

Toothed Sunbeam

Curetis dentate

Uncommon

 

S

White-edged Blue Baron

Euthalia phemius

Uncommon

 

S

 

 

Total Species

32

34

P = plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland,.

 


Table 9       Butterfly Species Recorded within the Study Area in Dry Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Blue Admiral

Kaniska canace

C

 

 

 

1

Blue Tiger

Tirumala limniace

C

 

3

 

 

Blue-spotted Crow

Euploea midamus

VC

 

 

 

1

Common Bluebottle

Graphium sarpedon

VC

 

1

 

 

Common Evening Brown

Melanitis leda

C

1

 

 

 

Common Grass Yellow

Eurema hecabe

VC

1

2

2

6

Common Mormon

Papilio polytes

VC

 

2

 

1

Common Nawab

Polyura athamas

UC

 

1

 

 

Common Sailer

Neptis hylas

C

1

 

2

 

Common Sergeant

Athyma perius

C

 

2

2

 

Common Tiger

Danaus genutia

VC

 

1

 

1

Dark Cerulean

Jamides bochus

C

 

2

 

 

Dark Grass Blue

Zizeeria karsandra

R

 

 

10

26

Great Eggfly

Hypolimnas bolina

C

2

1

 

 

Indian Fritillary

Argyreus hyperbius

UC

 

3

 

 

Indian Palm Bob

Suastus gremius

UC

 

1

 

 

Large Faun

Faunis eumeus

VC

 

1

 

 

Lemon Emigrant

Catopsilia pomona

C

1

 

1

 

Lesser Band Dart

Potanthus trachala

R

 

1

2

 

Lesser Grass Blue

Zizina otis

C

 

 

10

5

Little Branded Swift

Pelopidas agna

C

 

 

1

 

Long-tailed Blue

Lampides boeticus

VC

 

 

31

20

Mottled Emigrant

Catopsilia pyranthe

C

6

1

 

 

Pale Grass Blue

Zizeeria maha

VC

 

2

 

3

Paris Peacock

Papilio paris

VC

 

1

 

 

Plum Judy

Abisara echerius

VC

 

44

24

1

Red Ring Skirt

Hestina assimilis

C

1

 

 

 

Red-base Jazebel

Delias pasithoe

VC

1

1

 

 

Rustic

Cupha erymanthis

VC

 

 

1

 

Slate Flash

Rapala manea

C

 

 

1

1

Small Grass Blue

Famegana alsulus

UC

 

 

2

 

Straight Five-ring

Ypthima lisandra

C

1

4

21

 

Swallowtail

Papilio xuthus

R

 

1

 

 

 

Total Species

 

9

21

14

11

 

Total Individuals

 

15

75

110

65

P = plantation, S = shrubland, De = developed area, G= grassland

VC = Very Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare

 


Table10      Butterfly Species Recorded within the Study Area in Wet Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Blue-spotted Crow

Euploea midamus

VC

 

 

 

1

 

Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger

Ideopsis similis

VC

1

 

1

 

Common Bluebottle

Graphium sarpedon

VC

 

3

 

 

Common Dart

Potanthus pseudomaesa

R

 

2

 

 

Common Grass Yellow

Eurema hecabe

VC

5

10

8

 

Common Jay

Graphium doson

C

 

1

 

 

Common Mapwing

Cyrestis thyodamas

C

1

 

 

 

Common Mime

Chilasa clytia

C

1

12

3

 

Common Mormon

Papilio polytes

VC

2

10

8

 

Common Sailer

Neptis hylas

C

 

 

2

 

Common Sergeant

Athyma perius

C

 

3

1

 

Contiguous Swift

Polytremis lubricans

C

 

 

2

 

Dark Grass Blue

Zizeeria karsandra

R

 

 

6

 

Dark-brand Bush Brown

Mycalesis mineus

VC

 

9

3

 

Grass Demon

Udaspes folus

R

 

 

1

 

Great Eggfly

Hypolimnas bolina

C

3

 

 

1

Indian Cabbage White

Pieris candida

VC

3

 

 

2

 

Indian Fritillary

Argyreus hyperbius

UC

 

1

 

 

Large Faun

Faunis eumeus

VC

1

1

 

 

Lemon Emigrant

Catopsilia pomona

C

53

17

10

2

Lesser Band Dart

Potanthus trachala

R

 

 

1

 

Lime Blue

Chilades lajus

VC

 

 

1

 

Lime Butterfly

Papilio demoleus

C

 

 

1

 

Mottled Emigrant

Catopsilia pyranthe

C

19

3

5

 

Pale Grass Blue

Zizeeria maha

VC

5

 

81

 

Pale Palm Dart

Telicota colon

C

 

 

4

 

Peacock Pansy

Junonia almana

C

1

 

 

 

Plum Judy

Abisara echerius

VC

 

10

1

 

Red Helen

Papilio helenus

VC

1

2

 

 

Spangle

Papilio protenor

VC

2

 

 

 

Straight Five-ring

Ypthima lisandra

C

 

14

15

 

Tailed Cupid

Everes lacturnus

C

 

 

10

 

Toothed Sunbeam

Curetis dentate

UC

 

1

1

 

White-edged Blue Baron

Euthalia phemius

UC

 

1

 

 

 

Total Species

 

14

17

23

2

 

Total Individuals

 

98

101

178

3

P = plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland,

VC = Very Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare

 


Table 11     Dragonfly Species Recorded within Study Area

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Habitat Recorded in Dry Season

Habitat Recorded in Wet Season

Common Bluetail

Ischnura senegalensis

Abundant

D

 

Amber-winged Glider

Hydrobasileus croceus

Common

S

 

Common Blue Skimmer

Orthetrum glaucum

Abundant

D

P

Common Red Skimmer

Orthetrum pruinosum

Abundant

 

S, G, D

Green Skimmer

Orthetrum sabina

Common

 

D

Wandering Glider

Pantala flavescens

Abundant

S, D

P, S, D, G

 

 

Total Species

4

4

P = plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland

 

 

Table 12     Dragonfly Species Recorded within Study Area in Dry Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Common Bluetail

Ischnura senegalensis

A

 

 

 

1

Amber-winged Glider

Hydrobasileus croceus

C

 

1

 

 

Common Blue Skimmer

Orthetrum glaucum

A

 

 

 

 

1

Wandering Glider

Pantala flavescens

A

 

31

 

1

 

Total Species

 

2

 

3

 

Total Individuals

 

31

 

3

A = Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon.

 

Table 13     Dragonfly Species Recorded within Study Area in Wet Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Common Blue Skimmer

Orthetrum glaucum

A

1

 

 

 

 

Common Red Skimmer

Orthetrum pruinosum

A

1

 

1

1

1

Green Skimmer

Orthetrum sabina

C

 

 

 

1

Wandering Glider

Pantala flavescens

A

15

14

35

3

 

Total Species

 

3

2

2

3

 

Total Individuals

 

17

15

36

5

A = Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon

 


Table 14     Amphibian and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area in Wet Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Habitat Recorded in Dry Season

Habitat Recorded in Wet Season

Amphibians

 

 

 

 

Asian Common Toad

Bufo melanostictus

A

 

D

Gunther’s Frog

Rana guentheri

A

 

D, G, P

Paddy Frog

Fejevarya limnocharis

A

 

D, G

Brown Tree Frog

Polypedates megacephalus

A

D

D, G, P

Ornate Pygmy Frog

Microhyla ornata

A

 

D, G

Reptiles

 

 

 

 

Changeable Lizard

Calotes versicolor

C

 

S

Common Rat Snake

Ptyas mucosus

P

 

S

 

Total Species

1

7

P = plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland

A = Abundant, UC = Uncommon, P = Protected.

 

Table 15     Amphibian and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area in Dry Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Grassland

Amphibians

 

 

 

 

 

 

Brown Tree Frog

Polypedates egacephalus

A

 

 

1

 

 

Total Species

 

 

1

 

 

Total Individuals

 

 

1

 

A = Abundant, UC = Uncommon, P = Protected.

 

 

Table 16     Amphibian and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area in Wet Season

 

Common Name

Species Name

Status

Study Area

Plantation

Shrubland

Grassland

Disturbed/ Developed Area

Amphibians

 

 

 

 

 

 

Asian Common Toad

Bufo melanostictus

A

 

 

 

5

 

Gunther’s Frog

Rana guentheri

A

2

 

2

3

Paddy Frog

Fejevarya limnocharis

A

 

 

tadpoles

3, tadpoles

Brown Tree Frog

Polypedates megacephalus

A

3, eggs

 

8, tadpoles, eggs

5, tadpoles,

Ornate Pygmy Frog

Microhyla ornata

A

 

 

tadpoles

tadpoles

Reptiles

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changeable Lizard

Calotes versicolor

C

 

2

 

 

 

Common Rat Snake

Ptyas mucosus

P

 

1

 

 

 

Total Species

2

2

4

5

 

Total Individuals

5

3

10

16

A = Abundant, UC = Uncommon, P = Protected

 

Table 17     Results of the Qualitative Surveys

Zone

Description

A

The seabed was composed of mainly rubbles and sands with sparse boulders.  Visibility was poor (~0.5m) and only a few small hard coral colonies were found e.g. Coscinaraea sp., Goniastrea aspersa, Plesiastrea versipora, Hydnophora exesa, Porites sp., Favia favus.  A few small colonies of Tubastrea sp. and Cladiella sp. were also encountered.

B

The seabed was mainly composed of boulders/bedrocks with sand and rubbles in between.  Very few scattering Dendronephtha sp. and Coscinaraea sp. were found.

 

C

 

The seabed was composed of boulders/bedrocks and in some parts with sand.  In the shallow areas, a few small colonies of Oulastrea crispate and Psammocora superficialis were found.

D

 

The seabed was mainly composed of bedrocks/ boulders at the southern exposed part and gradually become rubbles and sands in the more sheltered bay.  Hard coral colonies were more abundant at the sheltered area than the exposed southern and western areas.

 

E

 

The seabed was composed of boulder and sand.  Visibility was fair (~1m).  Coral species included Psammocora superficialis, Favia favus, Favia lizardensis, Favia rotumana, Plesiastrea versipora, Coscinarea sp. Oulastrea crispate and Goniopora stutchburyi were recorded.  

 

Artificial Seawall

The seabed was composed of artificial boulders.  Visibility was fair (~1m).  A few small colonies of Oulastrea crispata recorded.


Table 18     Description of the Seabed Recorded along each Transect

Transect

Depth

Description

A1

-5 to -8 mPD

The seabed was composed of mainly rubbles and sands with sparse boulders.  Visibility was poor (~0.5m) and along the transect, more than 70 colonies of soft corals including Euplexaura and Echinomuricea were found.  The transect started at the north-eastern end.

B1

-3 to - 5 mPD

The seabed was mainly composed of boulders/bedrocks with sand and rubbles in between.  Visibility was fair (~1.0m) along the transect.  Several encrusting form coral colonies were recorded along the transect e.g. Porites sp., Goniopora stutchburyi, Plesiastrea versipora plus a few branching soft coral Euplaxuea.  The transect started from north-west to south-east direction.

 

C1

 

-4 to –6 mPD

The seabed was composed of boulders/bedrocks and in some parts with sand.  Visibility was fair (~1.0m) along the transect.  Seven hard coral colonies were recorded along the transect which are Turbinaria peltata, Porites sp., Plesiastrea versipora, Favia speciosa, Cyphastrea serailia, Favites abdita.  The transect started from the west to the east.

 

D1

 

-3 to –5 mPD

The seabed was mainly composed of bedrocks/ boulders at the southern exposed part (at the beginning of the transect) and gradually become rubbles and sands in the more sheltered bay (at the end of transect).  Visibility was fair (~1m – 1.5m) along the transect.  Over ten hard coral colonies were found along the transect e.g. Goniastrea aspera, Platygyra acuta, Plesiastrea versipora, Porites sp., Favia speciosa, Acropora solitaryensis, Psammocora superficialis, Pavona decussata, Leptastrea purpurea etc.  A patch of sea anemone bed was located at 80m of the transect.  The transect started from the south to north.

 

E1

 

-2.5 to -4 mPD

The seabed was composed of boulder and sand.  Visibility was fair (~1m).  Hard coral colonies were distributed at the beginning of the transect.  Coral species included Psammocora superficialis, Favia favus, Favia lizardensis, Favia rotumana, Plesiastrea versipora, Coscinarea sp. etc. were recorded along the transect.  The transect started from the south to the north.

 

 


Table 19     Seabed Attributes Along the Survey Transects

 

Transect

 

A1

B1

C1

D1

E1

Seabed attributes *

 

 

 

 

 

Hard substrate

 

 

 

 

 

Continuous pavement

 

 

 

 

 

Bedrock

 

3

4

3

 

Rubble

3

1

 

3

2

Sand

2

1

1

2

2

Silt

 

 

 

 

 

Boulders – large

1

2

3

2

2

Boulders – small

 

 

 

 

 

Ecological attributes *

 

 

 

 

 

Hard coral

 

1

1

2

1

Dead standing coral

 

 

 

 

 

Soft coral

2

1

 

 

 

Antipatharia

 

 

 

 

 

Macroalgae

 

 

 

 

 

Note: 1 = 1-10% Cover, 2 = 11-30% Cover, 3 = 31-50% Cover, 4 = 51-75% Cover, 5 = 76-100% Cover.

 

 


Table 20     Coral Species and Their Relative Sizes Recorded Along the Survey Transects

Transect A1

Position (m)

Species

Approx. Colony Diameter (cm)

Position (m)

Species

Approx. Colony Diameter (cm)

1.5

Euplexaura

30

 

46.2

Echinomuricea

20

9.7

Echinomuricea

30

 

46.3

Echinomuricea

30

12.8

Euplexaura

40

 

46.9

Echinomuricea

20

13.2

Euplexaura

20

 

47.2

Echinomuricea

10

14.4

Echinomuricea

15

 

47.8

Echinomuricea

30

15

Echinomuricea

15

 

48.1

Echinomuricea

15

16

Euplexaura

10

 

48.3

Euplexaura

20

17.4

Echinomuricea

30

 

48.4

Echinomuricea

30

17.5

Echinomuricea

20

 

49.1

Echinomuricea

20

18

Echinomuricea

30

 

49.8

Echinomuricea

30

20.1

Euplexaura

30

 

50

Echinomuricea

20

21.5

Euplexaura

20

 

51.2

Euplexaura

30

23.1

Echinomuricea

20

 

52

Echinomuricea

15

25

Echinomuricea

30

 

52.3

Euplexaura

10

25.1

Echinomuricea

20

 

54.5

Echinomuricea

30

26

Echinomuricea

10

 

54.8

Echinomuricea

30

27.4

Echinomuricea

30

 

55.3

Echinomuricea

20

27.8

Echinomuricea

20

 

56.4

Echinomuricea

25

28.5

Euplexaura

20

 

58

Echinomuricea

10

29.4

Echinomuricea

30

 

58.7

Echinomuricea

10

29.6

Euplexaura

20

 

58.8

Echinomuricea

30

30

Euplexaura

20

 

58.9

Echinomuricea

20

30.5

Echinomuricea

15

 

59

Echinomuricea

20

32

Echinomuricea

20

 

60

Echinomuricea

30

32.8

Echinomuricea

15

 

61.5

Echinomuricea

20

33

Echinomuricea

20

 

61.7

Echinomuricea

10

34.4

Echinomuricea

30

 

63

Echinomuricea

30

36.4

Echinomuricea

25

 

64

Euplexaura

25

37.1

Echinomuricea

15

 

65

Echinomuricea

15

38

Euplexaura

15

 

69.5

Euplexaura

20

40

Echinomuricea

20

 

72

Echinomuricea

30

41.8

Echinomuricea

10

 

85.4

Echinomuricea

20

43

Echinomuricea

30

 

90.8

Echinomuricea

30

43.1

Echinomuricea

40

 

92.5

Euplexaura

20

44.1

Echinomuricea

45

 

98.9

Echinomuricea

30

46.1

Echinomuricea

40

 

 

 

 

 

Transect B1

Position (m)

Species

Approx. Colony Diameter (cm)

0.5

Porites sp.

50

9.7

Porites sp.

60

20.1

Porites sp.

40

22

Goniopora stutchburyi

20

65.4

Euplexaura

15

67

Plesiastrea versipora

40

 


Transect C1

Position (m)

Species

Approx. Colony Diameter (cm)

0.1

Turbinaria peltata

20

0.5

Porites sp.

35

17.4

Porites sp.

5

18.4

Goniopora stutchburyi

10

91.5

Euplexaura

25

92

Plesiastrea versipora

20

92.2

Plesiastrea versipora

15

 

Transect D1

Position (m)

Species

Approx. Colony Diameter (cm)

0.3

Goniastrea aspera

10

41.2

Platygyra acuta

30

46.8

Plesiastrea versipora

15

51.2

Porites sp.

20

54.8

Favia speciosa

25

91

Acropora solitaryensis

15

93.2

Porites sp.

20

94.5

Psammocora superficialis

25

95

Pavona decussata

15

100

Leptastrea purpurea

15

 

Transect E1

Position (m)

Species

Approx. Colony Diameter (cm)

0.4

Psammocora superficialis

10

0.8

Favia favus

15

1.1

Psammocora superficialis

15

1.3

Favia lizardensis

5

14.4

Plesiastrea versipora

25

17.4

Favia rotumana

15

17.6

Favia speciosa

20

18.1

Coscinarea sp.

15

28

Favia speciosa

10

 



([1])         EPD (2005).  Ecological Study for SENT Landfill Extension - Final Report.  Prepared by Hong Kong Baptist University 

([2])         Hong Kong Bird Watching Socity (1990 – 2000). Hong Kong Bird Watching Annual Report.