8                                  Summary of Environmental Outcomes and Conclusion

8.1                            Introduction

This Section summarises the environmental outcomes associated with the demolition of the CCPP. 

8.2                            Air Quality Impacts

With respect to the small scale of the demolition works, the number of demolition plant and equipment to be used for the works will be limited.  Air emissions from the operation of these plant and equipment will be minimal and it is therefore not anticipated that it will cause adverse air quality impact to the identified ASRs.

GIC will implement good construction site practices and dust control measures stipulated in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation (as listed in Section 3.6) throughout the demolition works.  Special care will be taken when dismantling the Co-Combustion unit of the CCPP and removal of any residual dust attached to the internal lining or surface of the equipment so that the potential dust releases to the atmosphere will be minimal. 

The removal of the residual dust within the Co-Combustion unit will be carried out in an enclosed cleaning workshop within MRRF building.  The cleaning workshop will be provided with ventilation which will maintain a slight negative pressure at all times with the cleaning process is being carried out and the exhaust air will be cleaned by passing through the HEPA filters.  

With the implementation of the recommended control measures described in this EIA Report and those stipulated in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation, the potential air quality and dust impacts to the identified ASRs will be controlled within the relevant standards as stipulated in Section 1 of Annex 4 of the EIAO-TM.  No adverse air quality impact is anticipated.  Therefore no dust monitoring will be required during the decommissioning and demolition works.

8.3                            Land Contamination 

The assessment of land contamination sources and the potential impacts to potential receptors were investigated in accordance with the RBRG Guidance.  Site appraisal comprising a site visit, and a review of background information and land history in relation to possible land contamination was conducted.  Potential sources of contamination and associated impacts, risks or hazards are identified in the Contaminated Assessment Plan (CAP) (see Annex A1). 

Site investigation was conducted at the Project Site in accordance with the recommendations of the CAP to determine if the soil within the Project Site at the depth of excavation (ie up to 1.5m below ground) is contaminated.  Soil samples were taken and tested for heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH); BTEX (including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene), dioxins and furans, and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).  Levels of TPH analysed for all three carbon ranges were below the reported detection limits for all samples.  Concentrations of BTEX were also below the reported detection limits at all locations.  Levels of all metals analysed in all samples were well below the RBRG values.  Levels of PCBs, dioxins and furans analysed in all samples were well below the RBRG values for soil in industrial area.  Therefore, there is no concern of heavy metals, TPH, BTEX and dioxins/PCBs contamination in the soil within the depth that the excavation works will be undertaken.

The asphaltic concrete surface of the Project Site will be removed.  Excavation works to be carried out will be limited to the removal of the concrete sub-structures and the underground storage tank (previously used for the storage of wastewater from the MRRF building).  No soil excavation or groundwater extraction will be required for the demolition works and hence no potentially contaminated materials requiring off-site disposal will be generated from the Site.

The assessment of land contamination sources and the potential impacts to future use of the Project Site have been assessed in accordance with the RBRG Guidance and the results are presented in the Contaminated Assessment Report (CAR) (see Annex A2).  The Project Site’s future use remains industrial (manufacture of cement and cement related products) and is surrounded by remaining areas of the GICP.  It is considered that the only potential receptors at risk might be site workers involved in decommissioning and demolition works.  As the contaminants analysed were either not detected or with concentrations well below the RBRG guideline values, the potential risk to the workers due to demolition activities will be minimal. 

After the demolition works, the Project Site will be levelled using clean imported soil.  The Project Site will remain as an open area for the operation and future development of the GICP.  It is currently proposed that the Project Site will be rehabilitated into and restored to a grass lawn.  The potential for human contact with any underlying contamination (if any) in the future is considered low.  It is therefore concluded that the risk of future exposure to any contamination is deemed negligible.  There will be no residual impacts due to the Project after the decommissioning and demolition works have been completed.

It is therefore considered that no environmental and audit requirement with respect to land contamination is required. 

8.4                            Waste Management Implications

The demolition works will generate a variety of wastes (including public fill (about 1,806 m3), scrap metals (about 369 tonnes), Co-Combustion residues (about 200 tonnes), refractory bricks and lining (about 345 tonnes), general refuse (about 9.1 kg d-1) and sewage (about 2.1 m3 d-1)).  The public fill will be disposed of at the Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank.  It is proposed that the Co-Combustion residues will be reused on-site as a raw material for the cement production.  Alternatively, Co-Combustion residues could be disposed of at a designated landfill.  The refractory brick and lining will be disposed of at the designated landfill.  The TCLP tests for the Co-Combustion residues and refractory bricks and lining show that the concentrations of metals in the leachate were well below with the respective landfill disposal criteria (the concentrations of most of the parameters are below the detection limits).  The disposal of these wastes at landfill will not cause adverse environmental impacts.

The scrap metals will be recycled.   The chemical waste and general refuse to be generated from the maintenance of the construction plant/equipment and construction workforce will be disposed of with other chemical waste and general refuse arising from the GICP, respectively. 

With respect to the small quantities of the wastes to be generated from the demolition works, the handling and disposal of these wastes will not cause adverse environmental impacts with the implementation of general good site practices.

8.5                            Water Quality Impacts

Potential sources of water quality impact associated with the proposed demolition activities at the works areas include wastewater from the cleaning processes, surface runoff from the Project Site and sewage from demolition workforce.  Wet wiping and vacuum cleaning will be used to clean the internal lining of the ducting/equipment and remove the loose dust particles deposited on the surface of the ducts and equipment.  Water flushing will not be used to clean the plant and equipment of the Co-Combustion unit and hence the wastewater generated from the cleaning works will be minimal.  The anticipated quantity of wastewater to be generated from the demolition works will be small and it will be treated at the existing wastewater treatment plant of the GICP.   With respect to the small volume of wastewater to be generated from the demolition activities, it will have negligible impact to the flow and load of the wastewater to be generated from the cement production and hence the treatment capacity of the existing wastewater treatment plant.  GICP has confirmed that the existing wastewater treatment plant will be able to handle the additional flow and load of the wastewater arising from the demolition activities. 

The surface runoff from the demolition area will handle via the existing stormwater retention pond of the GICP prior to discharge off-site.  Therefore no adverse water impact will be anticipated. 

With the implementation of general good site practices, the demolition works will not cause adverse water quality impact to the identified water sensitive receivers.

8.6                            Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements

Monthly site audits will be undertaken jointly by the site representative of GIC and the contractor during the demolition works to ensure that dust control, construction waste, wastewater and site runoff are properly managed in accordance with the good site practices described in this EIA Report.

The Co-Combustion residues (including both bottom ash, fly ash and the residual dust collected during the cleaning process) will be used as part of the raw materials for the cement production.  As the properties of the residues are similar to the raw materials used for the cement production and residues contain negligible concentration of dioxins (in terms of part per trillion) and very low concentrations of heavy metals, the reuse of the residues for the cement production at the proposed rates will not affect the air emissions of the cement plant.  Therefore no air quality monitoring will be required.

8.7                            Environmental Outcomes

An environmental impact assessment (covering air quality, land contamination, waste management and water quality) has been undertaken for the proposed decommissioning and demolition works of the CCPP.  The potential environmental impacts are considered transient and minimal.  No adverse environmental impacts are envisaged due to the works in accordance with relevant assessment criteria stipulated in the EIAO-TM.  Therefore no adverse residual environmental impact is anticipated. 

8.8                            Environmental Benefits 

The operation of the CCPP has provided very useful technical and economic information on the operation of a materials recovery/ recycling facility (MRRF) together with a thermal treatment facility as part of an integrated waste management system in Hong Kong.  It demonstrated that the co-combustion plant can meet emission standards stipulated in the Best Practical Means for Thermal Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) (BPM 12/1) issued by the EPD.  In addition, engineering data regarding the operation of the plant have been obtained to refine the design of Co-Combustion plant which will benefit the application of such technology in Hong Kong as part of the waste management strategy. 

After completion of the tests and achieving the research objectives, the operation of pilot plant was stopped on 17 December 2005.  The pilot plant will be demolished so that the Project Site could be released for the operation and future development of the GICP.  The Co-Combustion residues will be reused as a raw material for the cement production.  This will not only avoid the disposal of the residues at landfill but also reduce the import of raw materials for the cement production.  The process equipments and Co-Combustion units will also be properly cleaned and recycled as much as possible to minimise the amount of waste to be disposed of at landfills.