· a baseline study providing a comprehensive and accurate description of the baseline landscape resources, landscape character areas and visual sensitive receivers (VSRs);

· identification of the potential landscape and visual impacts and prediction of their magnitude and potential significance, before and after the mitigation measures;

· recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures and associated implementation programmes; and

· an assessment of the acceptability or otherwise of the predicted residual impacts, according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM.

10.1.1.3 The landscape and visual impact assessment follows the criteria and guidelines as stated in Annexes 10 and 18 of the EIAO TM. Colour photographs showing baseline conditions, and photomontages and illustrative materials supporting conclusions are provided and the locations of all key viewpoints shall be clearly mapped. Photomontages at representative locations (as agreed with Planning Department on 16 April 2009) provide comparison between existing views, proposals on day 1 after completion without mitigation measures, on day 1 after completion with mitigation measures, and in year 10 after completion with mitigation measures in accordance with EIAO Guidance Note No. 8/2002.

10.2 Environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines

10.2.1.1 The following legislation, standards and guidelines are applicable to landscape and visual impact assessment associated with the construction and operation of the project:

· Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap.499.S.16) and the Technical Memorandum on EIA Process (EIAO TM), particularly Annexes 10 and 18

· Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance Guidance Note 8/2002

· ETWB No. 36/ 2004 - Advisory Committee on the Appearance of Bridges and Associated Structures (ACABAS)

· ETWB TCW No. 10/2005 - Planting on Footbridges and Flyovers

· ETWB TCW No. 2/2004 - Maintenance of Vegetation and Hard Landscape Features

· ETWB TCW No. 29/2004 - Registration of Old and Valuable Trees, and Guidelines for their Preservation

· ETWB TCW No. 3/2006 - Tree Preservation

· ETWB TCW No. 5/2005 on Protection of natural streams/rivers from adverse impacts arising from construction works

· Hong Kong International Airport Approved Plant Species List (Revision 3: June 2007)

· Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, particular Chapter 4, Chapter 8, Chapter 10 and Chapter 11

· HQ/GN/13 - Interim Guidelines for Tree Transplanting Works under Highways Department’s Vegetation Maintenance Ambit

· HyDTC No. 3/2008 - Independent Vetting of Tree Works under the Maintenance of Highways Department

· HyDTC No. 5/2000 on Control in the Use of Shotcrete (Sprayed Concrete) in Slope Works

· Protection of Endangered Species of Animals And Plants Ordinance (Cap 586)

· Study on Landscape Value Mapping of Hong Kong

· Town Planning Ordinance (Cap 131)

· WBTC No. 17/2000 on Improvement to the Appearance of Slopes

· WBTC No. 25/92 - Allocation of Space for Urban Street Trees

· WBTC No. 25/93 on Control of Visual Impact of Slopes

· WBTC No. 7/2002 - Tree Planting in Public Works

10.3 Assessment Methodology

10.3.1.1 Landscape and visual impacts have been assessed separately for the construction and operation phases.

10.3.1.2 The assessment of landscape impacts has involved the following procedures:

· Identification of the baseline landscape resources and landscape character areas found within the study area. This is achieved by site visit and desktop study of topographical maps, information databases and photographs.

· Assessment of the degree of sensitivity of the landscape resources/ landscape character areas. This is influenced by a number of factors including:

- quality and maturity of landscape resources/characters;

- rarity of landscape resources/characters;

- whether the landscape resources/ characters are considered to be of local, regional, national or global importance;

- whether there are any statutory or regulatory limitations/requirements relating to the landscape resources/characters; and

- ability of the landscape resources/characters to accommodate change;

The sensitivity of each landscape resource and character area is classified as follows:

High:	Important landscape or landscape resource of particularly distinctive character or high importance, sensitive to relatively small changes.
Medium:	Landscape or landscape resource of moderately valued landscape characteristics reasonably tolerant to change.
Low:	Landscape or landscape resource of low valued landscape characteristics highly tolerant to change.

· Identification of potential sources of landscape impacts. These are the various elements of the construction works and operation procedures that would generate landscape impacts.

· Identification of the magnitude of landscape impacts. The magnitude of the impact (or magnitude of change) depends on a number of factors including:

- the physical extent of the impact,

- compatibility of the project with the surrounding landscape,

- duration of impacts, i.e. whether it is temporary (short, medium or long term), under construction and operation phases, and

- reversibility of change.

The magnitude of landscape impacts is classified as follows:

Large:	The landscape or landscape resource would suffer major change.
Intermediate:	The landscape or landscape resource would suffer moderate change.
Small:	The landscape or landscape resource would suffer slight change.
Negligible:	The landscape or landscape resource would suffer no discernible change.
Nil:	The landscape or landscape resource would not suffer any change.

· Identification of potential landscape mitigation measures. Mitigation measures may take the form of

- adopting alternative design/alignment or revisions to the basic engineering or architectural design to prevent and/or minimize adverse impacts,

- minimization of works areas, temporary construction,

- remedial measures such as colour and textural treatment of physical, engineering and building features,

- compensatory measures such as the implementation of landscape design measures (e.g. tree planting, creation of new open space etc) to compensate for unavoidable adverse impacts and to attempt to generate potentially beneficial long term impacts.

A programme for the mitigation measures is provided and discussed in paragraph 10.9. The agencies responsible for the funding, implementation, and maintenance of the mitigation measures are proposed in Table 10.9 and Table 10.10.

· Predicted significance of landscape impacts before and after the implementation of the mitigation measures. By synthesising the magnitude of the various impacts and the sensitivity of the various landscape resources/ characters it is possible to categorise impacts in a logical, well-reasoned and consistent fashion. Table 10.1 shows the rationale for dividing the degree of significance into four thresholds, namely insubstantial, slight, moderate, and substantial, depending on the combination of a negligible-small-intermediate-large magnitude of impact and a low-medium-high degree of sensitivity of landscape resource/character.

Table 10.1 Relationship between Receptor Sensitivity and Impact Magnitude in Defining Impact Significance

Magnitude of Impact (Change)	Large	Moderate	Moderate / Substantial	Substantial
	Intermediate	Slight / Moderate	Moderate	Moderate / Substantial
	Small	Slight	Slight / Moderate	Moderate
	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
		Low	Medium	High
		Receptor Sensitivity (of Landscape Resource, Landscape Character Area or VSR)

· Prediction of Acceptability of Impacts. An overall assessment of the acceptability, or otherwise, of the impacts according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO TM.

10.3.1.3 The assessment of visual impacts has involved the followings:

· Identification of Zones of Visual Influence (ZVIs) during the construction and operation phase of the project. This is achieved by site visit and desktop study of topographic maps and photographs, and preparation of cross-section to determine the visibility of the project from various locations.

· Identification of Visual Sensitive Receivers (VSRs) within the Zone of Visual Influence (ZVIs) at construction and operation phases. These are the people who would reside within, work within, play within, or travel through, the ZVIs.

· Assessment of the degree of sensitivity to change of the VSRs. Factors considered include:

- the type of VSRs, which is classified according to whether the person is at home, at work, at school, at play, or travelling. Those who view the impact from their homes are considered to be highly sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook from their home will have a substantial effect on their perception of the quality and acceptability of their home environment and their general quality of life. Those who view the impact from their workplace and at school are considered to be only moderately sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook will have a less important, although still material, effect on their perception of their quality of life. The degree to which this applies depends on whether the workplace is industrial, retail or commercial. Those who view the impact whilst taking part in an outdoor leisure activity may display varying sensitivity depending on the type of leisure activity. Those who view the impact whilst travelling on a public thoroughfare will also display varying sensitivity depending on the speed of travel.

- other factors which are considered (as required by EIAO GN 8/2002) include the number of individuals, the value and quality of existing views, the availability and amenity of alternative views, number of VSRs, the minimum viewing distance of VSR, the duration or frequency of view, and the degree of visibility.

The sensitivity of VSRs is classified as follows:

High:	The VSRs are highly sensitive to any change in their viewing experience.
Medium:	The VSRs are moderately sensitive to any change in their viewing experience.
Low:	The VSRs are only slightly sensitive to any change in their viewing experience.

· Identification of relative numbers of VSRs. This is expressed in term of whether there are few, medium or many VSRs in any one category of VSR.

· Identification of potential sources of visual impacts. These are the various elements of the construction works and operation procedures that would generate visual impacts.

· Assessment of the potential magnitude of visual impacts. Factors considered include

- the compatibility with the surrounding landscape,

- the duration of the impact,

- the reversibility of the impact,

- the scale of the impact and distance of the source of impact from the viewer, and

- the degree of visibility of the impact, and the degree of which the impact dominates the field of vision of the viewer.

The magnitude of visual impacts is classified as follows:

Large:	The VSRs would suffer major change in their viewing experience.
Intermediate:	The VSRs would suffer moderate change in their viewing experience.
Small:	The VSRs would suffer small change in their viewing experience.
Negligible:	The VSRs would suffer no discernible change in their viewing experience.

· Identification of potential visual mitigation measures. These may take the form of adopting alternative designs or revisions to the basic engineering and architectural design to prevent and/or minimise adverse impacts, remedial measures such as colour and textural treatment of building features, and tree planting to screen the roads and associated bridge structures. A programme for the mitigation measures is provided and discussed in paragraph 10.9. The agencies responsible for the funding, implementation, maintenance of the mitigation measures are identified and their approval-in-principle has been sought.

· Prediction of the significance of visual impacts before and after the implementation of the mitigation measures. By synthesising the magnitude of the various visual impacts and the sensitivity of the VSRs, and the numbers of VSRs that are affected, it is possible to categorise the degree of significance of the impacts in a logical, well-reasoned and consistent fashion. Table 10.1 shows the rationale for dividing the degree of significance into four thresholds, namely, insubstantial, slight, moderate and substantial, depending on the combination of a negligible-small-intermediate-large magnitude of impact and a low-medium-high degree of sensitivity of VSRs.

The significance of visual impacts is categorised as follows:

Substantial:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause significant deterioration or improvement in existing visual quality.
Moderate:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause noticeable deterioration or improvement in existing visual quality.
Slight:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause barely perceptible deterioration or improvement in existing visual quality.
Insubstantial:	No discernible change in the existing visual quality.

· Prediction of Acceptability of Impacts. An overall assessment of the acceptability, or otherwise, of the impacts according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO TM.

10.3.1.4 It is assumed that funding, implementation and maintenance agency of the mitigation measures can be satisfactorily resolved according to the principles in ETWB 3/2006. All mitigation measures in this report are practical and achievable within the known parameters of funding, implementation and maintenance agency. The suggested agencies for the funding and implementation (and subsequent maintenance, if applicable) are indicated in Table 10.9 and 10.10. Approval-in-principle to the implementation and maintenance of the proposed mitigation measures is being sought from the appropriate authorities.

10.4 Scope and Content of the Study

10.4.1 Description of the Project

10.4.1.1 The nature, scope of the project and implementation programme of the project is described in Section 3 of this Report. In accordance with the Study Brief, this study will assess the landscape and visual impacts during the construction and operation phase for the proposed TM-CLKL.

10.4.2 Consideration of Alternatives and Development of Preferred Option

10.4.2.1 Details of the comparison of various development options and how the preferred option is formulated and translated are summarized in Section 2.

10.4.3 Limits of the Study Area

10.4.3.1 The project is located in the southern part of Tuen Mun near Pillar Point and the northern part of Lantau near Tai Ho. The Project also covers the adjacent water bodies. As required by the EIA Study Brief, the area for the landscape impact assessment shall include all area within 500 metres from the boundary of the scope of the EIA study as indicated in Figure 10.1.

10.4.3.2 The area for the visual impact assessment shall be defined by the visual envelope of the Project and associated works during the construction and operation phases. The defined visual envelope is illustrated in Figure 10.1.

10.5 Review of Planning and Development Control Framework

10.5.1 Review of comments received during Public Consultations

10.5.1.1 During public consultations, people are concerned on the landscape and visual impacts of the Viaduct and reclamation at both Tuen Mun and Tung Chung sides. Some people also suggest maximizing the greening opportunities.

10.5.1.2 The consultant will minimize the area of reclamation and maximize the greening opportunities to reduce the landscape and visual impacts.

10.5.2 Review of Preliminary Outline Development Plan and Outline Zoning Plan

10.5.2.1 A review of the existing and planned development framework for the proposed works and for the surroundings has been considered. It aims at identifying issues for the neighbouring planned land uses, identifying potential resources and sensitive receivers, and ensuring a high compatibility between the proposed project and the surroundings.

10.5.2.2 The Study Area is covered by:

· Approved Tung Chung Town Centre Area Outline Zoning Plan no. S/I-TCTC/16 (24/04/2009);

· Draft Chek Lap Kok Outline Zoning Plan no. S/I-CLK/11 (12/06/2009);

· Draft Tuen Mun Outline Zoning Plan no. S/TM/25 (22/05/2009).

10.5.2.3 The review of OZPs has not only included a review of the plans, but also the Notes which form part of these plans and the Explanatory Statements which accompany the plans.

10.5.2.4 There is natural woodland and scrubland of high landscape value found within the study boundary. The proposed work will not encroach in any Amenity Area (A), Conservation Area (CA) or Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) (Table 2, Figure 10.1.1-10.1.2).

10.5.2.5 A small area of Green Belt (GB) at Pillar Point will be affected. The natural terrain hazard mitigation works of TM-CLKL will affect a small area of the edge of North Lantau (Extension) Country Park (CP). It is considered that the impact is small.

10.5.2.6 The alignment of TM-CLKL will encroach upon the current Temporary River Trade Golf to make room for the toll plaza and tunnel portal of TMWB. The affected area is inside Tuen Mun Area 46 which has been planned for Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and Open Space. Although the land of River Trade Golf is under short-term tenancy which can be terminated with advance notice, the planned usage of the Tuen Mun Area 46 discourages the design of the alignment from encroaching too much upon the land there since it is very difficult to have another piece of land for the planned facilities which is extremely sensitive to the public.

Table 10.2 Review of OZPs

	Changes of Zoning/Land Uses	Sources of Impact	Potential landscape and visual Impact
1	Planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and Open Space at Pillar Point	Toll plaza and tunnel portal of TMWB	Moderate impact due to loss of open area (approximately 7 ha)
2	Green belt at Pillar Point	Toll plaza and tunnel portal of TMWB	Moderate impact due to loss of green belt (approximately 7 ha)
3	North Lantau (Extension) Country Park	Slope work of TM-CLKL	Moderate impact due to loss of Country Park area

10.5.2.7 Transport connections are integrated to support operations within the area, and with other areas.

10.5.2.8 It is considered that the proposed development and associated works are in principle following the planning intentions for the study areas as set out in the OZPs.

10.5.3 Revised Concept Plan for Lantau

10.5.3.1 The TM-CLKL follows the possible road projects in Lantau under the Revised Concept Plan for Lantau.

10.5.3.2 It is considered that the proposed development and associated works are in principle following Revised Concept Plan for Lantau.

10.6 Baseline Study

10.6.1.1 The study area includes the region around Butterfly Estate at Tuen Mun, Pillar Point, Tung Chung and Tai Ho Wan, sea area where HKBCF and toll plaza created. The Project also covers the adjacent water bodies (Figure 10.1).

10.6.2 Physical Landscape Resources

10.6.2.1 The baseline landscape resources that will be affected during the Construction Phase and Operation Phase, together with their sensitivity, are described in Table 10.3. The locations of baseline landscape resources are mapped in Figures 10.2.1.1 to 10.2.1.5. Photo views illustrating the landscape resources within the study area are illustrated in Figures 10.2.1A to 10.2.1D. For the ease of reference and co-ordination between text, tables and figures, each landscape resource is given an identity number.

10.6.3 Landscape Character Areas

10.6.3.1 Landscape character zones have been identified within the Study Area in accordance with the Study on Landscape Value Mapping of Hong Kong. These are described in Table 10.3 and illustrated in Figures 10.3.1.1 to 10.3.1.5. Photo views illustrating the landscape character areas within the study area are illustrated in Figures 10.3.1A to 10.3.1B inclusive.

Table 10.3 Landscape Resources / Landscape Character Areas and Their Sensitivity to Change

ID. No.	Landscape Resources / Landscape Characters	Sensitivity (Low, Medium, High)
Baseline Landscape Resources
LR01	Seawater body and shoreline near Pillar Point The seawater body, together with the mostly artificial shoreline, is valuable physical resource and is one of the key primary elements that generates an important landscape and visual identity and character of Pillar Point. It is very sensitive to reclamation. However, the seawater body is of medium rarity of the region and is not under any statutory or regulatory limitations/ requirements. Based on the importance and medium rarity of the seawater body and shoreline, the sensitivity of this natural resource is considered as medium.	Medium
LR02	Plantation within the industrial area and sewage treatment plant at Pillar Point There are approximately 240 trees at this developed industrial site. The trees are of small to medium size (height: 3-12m, spread: 2-6m, trunk diameter: 95-400mm) and of low to medium amenity value. Dominant species is Leucaena leucocephala which is a weed tree of low amenity value. There are also other common trees such as Acacia confusa, Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Cassia siamea, Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Melaleuca quinquenervia. Based on the low to medium amenity of trees, the sensitivity of this landscape resource is considered as medium.	Medium
LR03	Temporary River Trade Golf within the planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space The existing River Trade Golf is classified as developed area and is under short-term tenancy. It is under Tuen Mun Area 46 which has been planned for Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space. There are 50 Acacia confusa, Caryota ochlandra of medium size and of low to medium amenity value. Due to the artificial and temporary nature, the sensitivity of this landscape resource is considered as medium.	Medium
LR04	Tall shrubland and disturbed hillside plantation area at Pillar Point The area consists of tall shrubland and disturbed hillside plantation. There are more than 3000 trees and tall shrubs on the slope and plantation. The trees are mostly of low to medium size together with approximately 20 mature trees (height: 2-16m, spread: 0.5-10m, trunk diameter: 95-820mm) and of small to medium amenity value. Dominant tree species include Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa, Adinandra millettii, Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Celtis sinensis, Dimocarpus longan, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus torreliana, Ficus hispida, Ficus microcarpa, Leucaena leucocephala, Litchi chinensis, Litsea glutinosa, Lophostemon confertus, Macaranga tanarius, Mangifera indica, Melia azedarach, Michelia x alba, Plumeria rubra, Psidium guajava, Rhus succedanea, Sapium sebiferum, Schefflera heptaphylla, Sterculia lanceolata and Tetradium glabrifolium. The shrubland is densely populated with common shrub species of medium amenity value. There is a small area of Nepenthes mirabilis which is listed as a protected species under Cap 586 Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance. The trees and other vegetation provide an important landscape and visual identity and character to Pillar Point. Considering the large number of native trees (e.g. Celtis spp., Ficus spp., Sapium spp., Schefflera spp., Sterculia spp. etc.) and extensive shrubland, the sensitivity of this landscape resource is considered as high.	High
LR05	Stream course at Pillar Point The small stream is partly artificial and partly natural. There are several patches of Rhododendron simsii near the stream. Rhododendron simsii is listed as a protected species under Cap 586 Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance. In terms of the scale, the stream is a medium-sized physical resource of medium landscape importance at Pillar Point. Therefore, the sensitivity of the stream is considered as medium.	Medium
LR06	Roadside planting along Lung Mun Road There are approximately 600 trees along the roadside. The trees are of medium size (height: 1.5-13m, spread: 0.5-8m, trunk diameter: 95-760mm) and of low to medium amenity value. The species are mainly Acacia confusa, Aleurites moluccana, Archontophoenix alexandrae, Bauhinia blakeana, Bauhinia variegata, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Celtis sinensis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Ficus elastica, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Leucaena leucocephala, Macaranga tanarius, Melaleuca quinquenervia and Spathodea campanulata. Since the trees are of low to medium amenity value, the sensitivity of this landscape resource is considered as medium.	Medium
LR07	Butterfly Beach Park and Butterfly Beach This is a district open space (~ 7.4ha) with barbecue area, volleyball court, football field, children playground, planting area and seating area for active and passive recreation. There are approximately 300 medium-sized to mature trees (height: 3-13m, spread: 2-8m, trunk diameter: 150-500mm) of medium to high amenity value. Dominant species include Acacia confusa, Albizia lebbeck, Araucaria heterphylla, Archontophoenis alexandrae, Bauhinia blakeana, Bauhinia variegata, Casuarina equisetifolia, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Cinnamomum camphora, Delonix regia, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Juniperus chinensis cv. Kaizuca, Macaranga tanarius and Thevetia peruviana. Given the large size of the park and a lot of large trees, the sensitivity of this resource is considered as high.	High
LR08	Seawater body and shoreline north of Tai Ho Wan The seawater body, together with the partly natural and partly artificial shoreline, is a valuable physical resource and is one of the key primary elements that generates an important landscape and visual identity and character of Tai Ho Wan. It is sensitive to reclamation. However, the seawater body is of medium rarity of the region and is not under any statutory or regulatory limitations/ requirements. Based on the importance and medium rarity of the seawater body and shoreline, the sensitivity of this natural resource is considered as medium.	Medium
LR09	Tai Ho Wan The water body, together with the natural shoreline, is a valuable physical resource and is one of the key primary elements that generates an important landscape and visual identity and character of Tai Ho Wan. There is a small area of mangrove along the shoreline of high landscape value. Tai Ho Wan is sensitive to reclamation. Based on the importance of the water body and shoreline, and the enclosed nature of the area, the sensitivity of this natural resource is considered as high.	High
LR10	Roadside planting along North Lantau Highway and within MTR Siu Ho Wan Depot There are approximately 800 trees of small to medium size (height: 1.7-12.5m, spread: 0.5-8m, trunk diameter: 100-350mm) and of low to medium amenity value. Dominant species include Acacia confusa, Aleurites moluccana, Bauhinia blakeana, Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Cassia spp., Casuarina equisetifolia, Cerbera manghas, Cinnamomum camphora, Crateva religiosa, Delonix regia, Erythrina variegata, Eucalyptus calophylla, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Koelreuteria elegans, Leucaena leucocephala, Liquidambar formosana, Lophostemon confertus, Melia azedarach, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Sapium sebiferum, Spathodea campanulata and Syzygium cumini. Since the trees are of low to medium amenity value, the sensitivity of this resource is considered as medium.	Medium
LR11	Vegetation at Tai Ho and Pak Mong The area consists of natural shrubby grassland, cultivated land, secondary woodland and tall shrubland. These natural habitats, particularly the extensive woodland patches, become a valuable physical resource that generates an important landscape and visual identity of the region. There are approximately 500 trees of small to medium size (height: 2 -12m, spread: 1-7m, trunk diameter: 100-400mm), and of medium amenity value. Dominant species include Acacia confusa, Archidendron clypearia, Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Bridelia tomentasa, Callistemon rigidus, Cerbera manghas, Cinnamomum camphora, Ehretia longiflora, Erythrina variegata, Eucalyptus calophylla, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Koelreuteria elegans, Liquidambar formosana, Litsea glutinosa, Lophostemon confertus Macaranga tanarius, Mallotus paniculatus, Rhus succedanea, Sapium discolor, Sapium sebiferum, Sterculia lanceolata and Schefflera heptaphylla. Within the area, there is Aquilaria sinensis, which is listed as a protected species under Cap 586 Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance. Near the Pak Mong village, there are lots of fruit trees such as Clausena lansium, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis and Mangifera indica. The shrubs, grasses, together with the trees are important landscape elements at the region. Therefore, the sensitivity of this natural resource is considered as high.	High
LR12	Stream course at Pak Mong This is natural stream running from Pak Mong to Tai Ho Wan. It is a valuable physical resource at the region. The stream and the riparian vegetation are well preserved, forming an important landscape element at Tai Ho. Therefore, the sensitivity of this natural resource is considered as high.	High
Baseline Landscape Character Areas
LCA01	Siu Lang Shui Upland and Hillside Landscape This is upland and hillside lie above 40mPD and below 300mPD in which part of the area is former landfill site. The area is dominated with tall shrubland and plantation of medium amenity value. The area is predominantly undeveloped with occasional small buildings. The landscape is very sensitive to railway or major highway development. Given the relative undeveloped nature of the area and medium amenity value of the trees and other vegetation, the sensitivity of this natural area is considered as medium.	Medium
LCA02	Pillar Point Miscellaneous Urban Fringe Landscape The generally low rise developments within the area are of mixed land uses, including typically highways, transportation, storage, parks, residential sites and undeveloped land (hillside). The area is located at the edge of urbanized area. There are patches of roadside tree planting of low to medium amenity value. The area is slightly sensitive to railway or major highway development. Given the urbanized nature of the area and the low to medium amenity value of tree planting, the sensitivity of this area is considered as medium.	Medium
LCA03	Pillar Point Industrial Urban Landscape The low or medium rise developments are predominantly industrial, storage, or port-related. There are patches of tree planting of low to medium amenity value. It is slightly sensitive to railway or major highway development. Given the urbanized nature of the area and the low to medium amenity value of tree planting, the sensitivity of this urbanized area is considered as low.	Low
LCA04	Inshore Water Landscape near Pillar Point The area of coastal water within this landscape is surrounded by Pillar Point landmass at the north, Urmston Road to Ma Wan Channel and Kap Shui Mun coastal water to the south. The extent of seascape is part of the open seascape locally. It is very sensitive to reclamation. The sensitivity of this natural area is considered as medium.	Medium
LCA05	North Lantau Transportation Corridor Landscape There are major highway (North Lantau Highway), railway (MTR Airport Express and Tung Chung Line) and scattered associated buildings. The buildings are generally low-rise. There are patches of roadside tree planting of low to medium amenity value. It is slightly sensitive to railway or major highway development. Given the urbanized nature of the area and the low to medium amenity value of tree planting, the sensitivity of this area is considered as medium.	Medium
LCA06	Tai Ho Upland and Hillside Landscape This is upland and hillside lie above 40mPD and below 300mPD with predominantly undeveloped land use. The area is dominated with shrubby grassland and patches of secondary woodland. In particular, the abundant native trees within the site become an important landscape element. There are occasional small buildings within the site. Part of the area is within the North Lantau (Extension) Country Park. The landscape is very sensitive to railway or major highway development. Given the relative undeveloped nature of the area and the medium amenity value of trees and other vegetation, the sensitivity of this natural area is considered as high.	High
LCA07	Tai Ho Settled Valley Landscape The landscape is of elongated concave landform with significant evidence of human settlement, cultivation or some significant engineering structure such as metal footbridge and footpaths with metal railings. The landscape consists of natural shoreline, water body, tall shrubland, cultivated land and patches of secondary woodland. The landscape is very sensitive to railway or major highway development. The sensitivity of this natural area is considered as high.	High
LCA08	Pak Mong Upland and Hillside Landscape This is upland and hillside lie above 40mPD and below 300mPD with predominantly undeveloped land use. The area is dominated with shrubby grassland and patches of secondary woodland and plantation. In particular, the abundant native trees within the site become an important landscape element. There are occasional small buildings within the site. Part of the area is within the North Lantau (Extension) Country Park. The landscape is very sensitive to railway or major highway development. Given the relative undeveloped nature of the area and the medium amenity value of trees and other vegetation, the sensitivity of this natural area is considered as high.	High
LCA09	Inshore Water Landscape near Tai Ho The area of coastal water within this landscape is surrounded by Tai Ho landmass at the south, Urmston Road to Ma Wan Channel and Kap Shui Mun coastal water to the north. It is very sensitive to reclamation. The extent of seascape is part of the open seascape locally. The sensitivity of this natural area is considered as medium.	Medium

10.6.4 Visual Envelope

10.6.4.1 Visual Envelope is the zone of visual influence which is generally the viewshed formed by natural or man-made features such as ridgeline or building blocks. Visual Envelope of the project is bounded by Ma Wan Channel, Ma Wan and Kap Shui Mun to the east; the ridgeline from Lantau Peak, Sunset Peak of Lantau Island to the south; Urmston Road to the west the ridgeline from Castle Peak, Tai Lam, high rise commercial and residential development at Sham Tseng to the north. The Visual Envelope of the project is illustrated in Figure 10.4.2.1. Primary Zone of Visual Influence refers to the zone with closer view to the developments. Primary Zone of Visual Influence of the projects is shown in Figures 10.4.1.1 and 10.4.1.2.

10.6.5 Visually Sensitive Receivers (VSRs)

10.6.5.1 VSRs are the people who would reside within, work within, play within or travel through within the visual envelope. Within the Visual Envelope, a number of key VSRs have been identified in strategic, district, local level. Key VSRs at strategic and district level are mapped in Figure 10.4.2.1. Key VSRs at local level are mapped in Figures 10.4.1.1 to 10.4.1.4. They are listed, together with their baseline assessment and sensitivity, in Table 10.4. Photo views illustrating the VSRs within the study area are shown in Figures 10.4.1A to Figures 10.4.1L and Figures 10.4.2A to 10.4.2D inclusive.

10.6.6 VSRs at Strategic Level

10.6.6.1 At the strategic level, VSRs include:

(a) lookout pavilions/points including

· Asian World-Expo (S1),

· Visitors of Tung Chung Cable Car (S2),

· Hikers along the coastal path from Tung Chung to Siu Ho Wan, and in the North Lantau Country Park and North Lantau (Extension) Country Park (S3).

10.6.6.2 There are no vantage points identified in the Urban Design Guidelines under Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines.

10.6.6.3 These VSRs are mapped in Figure 10.4.2.1. Baseline viewpoints from key VSRs at strategic level illustrating the quality of existing views are shown in Figures 10.4.2A to 10.4.2D. The baseline assessment of VSRs at strategic level is shown in Table 10.4.

10.6.7 VSRs at District Level

10.6.7.1 At the district level, VSR Groups are identified within the following districts:

· Gold Coast and Siu Lam Residential and Commercial Area (D1),

· Tsing Lung Tau, Sham Tseng and Ting Kau Residential Area (D2),

· Ma Wan Residential Area (D3).

10.6.7.2 These VSRs are mapped in Figure 10.4.2.1. Baseline viewpoints from Key VSRs at district level illustrating the quality of existing views are shown in Figures 10.4.2A to 10.4.2D. The baseline assessment of VSRs at district level is shown in Table 10.4.

10.6.7.3 Some of the VSRs only have partial view to the proposed TM-CLKL works as their views are blocked by adjacent plantings and developments within the same district. Some of the VSRs at the higher-level have open full view to the proposed TM-CLKL works. However, the distance of view between the VSRs at district level and the development is at least 3 km away. Therefore, sensitivity to change of VSRs at district level is generally low.

10.6.8 VSRs at Local Level

10.6.8.1 VSRs at local level in close vicinity of proposed project with distance less than 3 km are mapped in Figures 10.4.1.1 to 10.4.1.4. Baseline viewpoints from key VSRs at local level illustrating the quality of existing views are shown in Figures 10.4.1A to 10.4.1L. The baseline assessment of VSRs at local level is shown in Table 10.4.

10.6.8.2 The type of VSRs is classified according to whether the person is at home, at work, at play, or travelling. Those who view the impact from their homes are considered to be highly sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook from their home will have a substantial effect on their perception of the quality and acceptability of their home environment and their general quality of life. Those who view the impact from their workplace are considered to be only moderately sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook will have a less important, although still material, effect on their perception of their quality of life. The degree to which this applies depends on whether the workplace is industrial, retail or commercial. Those who view the impact whilst taking part in an outdoor leisure activity may display varying sensitivity depending on the type of leisure activity. Those who view the impact whilst travelling on a public thoroughfare will generally have low sensitivity.

10.6.8.3 The sensitivity of the VSRs shall also be determined by numbers of the individuals within the VSR category, the quality of existing views, availability of alternative views, minimum distance between VSRs and impact source, degree of visibility, duration of view and frequency of view.

10.6.9 Visual Resources

10.6.9.1 The ridgeline of the Lantau Peak and Sunset Peak to the south of the southern areas from Lung Kwu Tan, through Tuen Mun and Gold Coast, to Sham Tseng, provides a dramatic natural backdrop to the area, which forms the valuable natural visual resources as viewed from Lantau.

10.6.9.2 Kap Shui Mun and Ma Wan Channel to Urmston Road is a unique public asset and natural visual resource of Lantau, providing an open seascape along the northern coast of Lantau Island and the south coast of Tuen Mun.

Table 10.4 Visual Sensitive Receivers (VSRs) and Their Sensitivity to Change

VSR Type & ID.	Key VSR	Number of Individuals (Many/ Medium/ Few/)	Quality of Existing View (Good/ Fair/ Poor)	Availability of Alternative Views(Yes/ No)	Minimum Distance between VSRs and Impact Source (m)	Degree of Visibility (Full/ Partial/ Glimpse)	Duration of View (Long/ Medium/ Short)	Frequency of View (Frequent/ Occasional/ Rare)	Sensitivity to Change (Low, Medium, High)
VSRs at Strategic Level
S1	Asian World-Expo	Many	Good	Yes	2000	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
S2	Visitors of Tung Chung Cable Car	Many	Good	Yes	4400	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
S3	Hikers along the coastal path from Tung Chung to Siu Ho Wan, and in the North Lantau Country Park and North Lantau (Extension) Country Park	Many	Good	Yes	1000	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
VSR Groups at District Level
D1	Gold Coast and Siu Lam residential and commercial area	Many	Good	Yes	4000	Full	Long	Occasional	Low
D2	Tsing Lung Tau, Sham Tseng and Ting Kau residential area	Many	Good	Yes	6000	Full	Long	Occasional	Low
D3	Ma Wan residential area	Many	Good	Yes	10000	Full	Long	Occasional	Low
VSRs at Local Level
C1	Workers of Cathay Pacific City, Cathay Pacific Catering Services, Dragonair Airport GSE Service, LSG Sky Chefs	Many	Good	Yes	3750	Full	Medium	Occasional	Low
C2	Workers of Commercial Areas at Chek Lap Kok	Many	Good	Yes	1600	Full	Medium	Occasional	Low
CA1	Visitors at Tai Ho	Medium	Good	Yes	1000	Partial	Short	Occasional	Medium
CDA1	Users of CDA zone at Siu Sau	Few	Fair	Yes	4600	Partial	Medium	Occasional	Low
C/R1	Visitors of Novotel Citygate in CDA zone	Many	Fair	Yes	2500	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low
GIC1	Workers of Salt Water Pumping Station near Mei Lok Lane	Few	Fair	Yes	1750	Partial	Medium	Rare	Low
GIC2	Workers of Pak Kok Sewerage Pumping Station	Few	Fair	Yes	1500	Glimpse	Medium	Rare	Low
GIC3	Users of Lau Tak Yung Primary School, South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School, Ka Chi Secondary School	Many	Fair	Yes	2250	Glimpse	Medium	Rare	Low
GIC4	Workers of Harbour Hydraulics Laboratory, E.M.S.D Tuen Mun Vehicle Servicing Station, Sewage Treatment Plant	Medium	Fair	Yes	370	Glimpse	Medium	Rare	Low
GIC5	Workers at Service Reservoir at Siu Lang Shui	Few	Fair	Yes	750	Glimpse	Medium	Rare	Low
GIC6	Workers of East Sea Rescue Berth Airport Fire Contingent	Few	Good	Yes	1500	Full	Medium	Occasional	Low
GIC7	Users of Ho Yu Secondary School, Ho Yu Primary School	Many	Fair	Yes	1600	Partial	Medium	Occasional	Low
GIC8	Workers of Airport Police Station, Air Mail Centre, Chek Lap Kok Fire Station	Medium	Fair	Yes	3300	Full	Medium	Occasional	Low
GIC9	Workers of Golden Beach	Few	Good	Yes	3800	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low
GIC10	Workers of Perowne Camp	Medium	Fair	Yes	4400	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low
I1	Workers of industrial area along Ho Yeung Street	Medium	Fair	Yes	100	Full	Short	Rare	Low
O1	Visitors at Tuen Mun Promenade	Many	Good	Yes	1750	Full	Medium	Occasional	Medium
O2	Visitors at Butterfly Beach Park	Many	Good	Yes	1100	Full	Medium	Occasional	Medium
O3	Visitors at Butterfly Beach	Many	Good	Yes	1100	Full	Medium	Occasional	Medium
O4	Visitors at Man Tung Road Park and Open Space at Tung Chung	Medium	Good	Yes	2250	Partial	Medium	Occasional	Low
O5	Visitors at Scenic Hill and Ancient Kiln Park	Few	Good	Yes	3750	Full	Medium	Occasional	Low
O6	Visitors and workers at accessible open areas along the existing eastern coast of the Airport	Medium	Good	No	2200	Full	Medium	Occasional	Medium
O7	Visitors at Golden Beach	Many	Good	Yes	3750	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
O8	Visitors at Tsing Lung Garden	Few	Fair	Yes	4400	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low
OU1	Workers and visitors of Tuen Mun Public Riding School, Tuen Mun Area 45 Tree Nursery, Rest Garden and Hung Lau	Medium	Fair	Yes	1750	Glimpse	Short	Occasional	Low
OU2	Workers and visitors of Temporary River Trade Golf within the planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space	Medium	Fair	Yes	370	Glimpse	Short	Rare	Low
OU3	Workers of Pillar Point, River Trade Terminal	Many	Fair	Yes	100	Full	Short	Rare	Low
OU4	Workers of Castle Peak Power Station	Medium	Fair	Yes	1500	Partial	Short	Rare	Low
OU5	International and local travelers, workers of Hong Kong International Airport	Many	Good	Yes	3400	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low
OU6	Workers of North Lantau Refuse Transfer Station, the Kowloon Motor Bus Co. Ltd. Siu Ho Wan Bus Depot, City Bus Ltd. Siu Ho Wan Bus Depot, Siu Ho Wan Vehicle Pound Vehicle Examination Centre and Weight Station, Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works, Siu Ho Wan Government Maintenance Depot, Discovery Bay Tunnel Administration Building	Medium	Fair	Yes	2100	Full	Short	Rare	Low
OU7	Workers of traction substation	Few	Fair	Yes	1500	Glimpse	Medium	Occasional	Low
OU8	Workers of MTR Siu Ho Wan Depot	Medium	Fair	Yes	200	Full	Short	Rare	Low
OU9	Users of Hong Kong Gold Coast	Many	Good	Yes	4200	Full	Long	Frequent	Low
R1	Residents of Butterfly Estate, Siu Shan Court, Wu King Estate, Melody Garden, Richland Garden, Pierhead Garden, Miami Beach Towers, Marina Garden, Shi Hei Court, Yuet Wu Villa	Many	Good	Yes	1850	Full	Long	Frequent	Medium
R2	Residents of Pak Mong	Few	Good	Yes	500	Partial	Long	Occasional	Medium
R3	Residents of Tin Sam, Kau Liu and San Tau	Medium	Fair	Yes	5000	Glimpse	Long	Occasional	Low
R4	Residents of Seaview Crescent, Coastal Skyline, Caribbean Coast, residential development in CDA zone	Many	Good	Yes	2500	Full	Long	Frequent	Medium
R5	Residents of Pearl Island Garden, Beaulieu Peninsula, Hong Kong Gold Coast, Siu Sau, Kar Wo Lei, Aegean Coast, Monte Carlo Villas, Spring Seaview, Blessing Villa, Ka Wo Seaview, Siu Lam San Tsuen, Aqua Blue, The Hillgrove, Peridot Court, Villa Sapphire, The Aegean	Many	Good	Yes	3700	Full	Long	Frequent	Low
T1	Travelers of Tuen Mun Ferry Pier	Many	Good	Yes	2000	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
T2	Travelers of Lung Mun Road	Many	Good	Yes	250	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low
T3	Travelers of Lung Fu Road	Many	Good	Yes	870	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
T4	Travelers and Workers of Sky Pier and Chu Kong Air-Sea Union Transportation	Many	Good	No	1500	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
T5	Travelers of Tung Chung Development Pier	Many	Good	Yes	3100	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
T6	Travelers of MTR (Airport Express, Tung Chung Line and Disneyland Resort Line)	Many	Good	Yes	50	Full	Short	Occasional	Medium
T7	Travelers of North Lantau Highway, Airport Road and East Coast Road	Many	Good	Yes	50	Full	Short	Occasional	Medium
T8	Travelers of Kap Shui Mun and Ma Wan Channel to Urmston Road	Many	Good	Yes	50	Full	Short	Occasional	Medium
T9	Travelers of Tung Chung Waterfront Road and Ying Hei Road	Many	Good	Yes	2250	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low
Planned VSRs
C3	Planned commercial development of Tung Chung	Medium	Good	Yes	2150	Partial	Long	Occasional	Low
GIC11	Planned GIC development of Tung Chung	Few	Good	Yes	1400	Partial	Long	Occasional	Low
GIC12	Planned GIC development of Tung Chung	Few	Good	Yes	2250	Partial	Long	Occasional	Low
GIC13	Planned GIC development near Ka Wo Lei	Medium	Fair	Yes	4700	Partial	Medium	Occasional	Low
O9	Planned open space of Tung Chung	Many	Good	Yes	1400	Partial	Medium	Occasional	Low
OU10	Planned theme park/major recreational uses	Many	Good	Yes	370	Full	Medium	Frequent	High
OU11	Planned Lantau Logistics Park	Medium	Good	Yes	650	Full	Long	Occasional	Medium
OU12	Possible planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension or other compatible uses (including recreation uses)	Medium	Good	Yes	50	Full	Long	Occasional	Medium
OU13	Planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space	Medium	Fair	Yes	370	Glimpse	Short	Rare	Low
R6	Planned residential area at the Future Tung Chung East Development	Many	Good	Yes	500	Full	Long	Frequent	High
R7	Planned new town extension area at Tung Chung	Many	Good	Yes	3200	Full	Long	Occasional	Medium
R8	Planned residential area of Tung Chung	Many	Good	Yes	1500	Full	Long	Frequent	High
T10	Planned Tung Chung Development Pier	Many	Good	Yes	2150	Full	Short	Occasional	Low
T11	Planned road of Tung Chung	Medium	Good	Yes	1650	Partial	Short	Occasional	Low

* C = commercial, CA = conservation area or countryside conservation area, CDA = comprehensive development area, C/R = commercial / residential, GIC = government/institution/community, I = industrial, O = open space, OU = other specific use, R = residential, T = transport related.

10.7 Landscape Impact Assessment

10.7.1 Potential Sources of Impacts

10.7.1.1 The nature and scope of works are described in detail in Section 3. Sources of impacts of TM-CLKL during the construction phase would include:

Direct Impacts:

· total reclamation area of approximately 35.6 ha for the tunnel portals and the associated roads, including a reclamation (approximately 16.5ha) near the Tuen Mun River Trade Terminal forming the landfall for the northern tunnel portal of TM-CLKL and a reclamation (approximately 19.1ha) on the north-eastern side of Airport Island (now integrated with the proposed HKBCF) forming the landfall for the southern tunnel portal,

· total length of seawall to be constructed is approximately 4.2 km,

· construction of a toll plaza at the interface of TM-CLKL and TMWB at Tuen Mun Area 46 and the associated roadworks at Tuen Mun including modification and realignment of sections of Lung Mun Road and Lung Fu Road,

· modification and realignment of sections of Cheung Tung Road at Tai Ho,

· 4 km long viaducts on both sides of the submarine tunnel connecting to North Lantau in the south and the proposed TMWB in the north,

· associated slope works and retaining walls for the Toll Plaza and associated road carriageways in Tuen Mun,

· construction of administration building, ventilation buildings, ancillary buildings, workshops and operator facilities including control points, recovery vehicle bases, parking areas, petrol filling station and toll facilities for the management, operation and maintenance of the tunnel and toll plaza,

· construction of associated civil, structural, geotechnical, marine, environmental protection and mitigation works, tunnel ventilation system and associated facilities, landscape and drainage works, street lighting and tunnel lighting, traffic aids including sign gantries, watermains and fire hydrants, fire services system, tunnel operation and control systems, communication systems, toll collection and accounting systems, traffic control and surveillance system (TCSS), security and access control system, supervisory control and data acquisition system, power supply, central monitoring and control system and electrical and mechanical (E&M) works, and

· associated slope works at 9SE-B/C8 & C9 near Cheung Tung Road.

Indirect Impacts:

· construction traffic,

· the laying of utilities, including water, drainage and power,

· temporary works areas, temporary site access areas, site cabins, barging equipment and heavy machinery,

· increased road traffic flow,

· after dark lighting and welding, and

· dust during dry weather.

10.7.1.2 The sources of impacts of the TM-CLKL during the operation phase would be:

· the completed northern landfall reclamation near the Tuen Mun River Trade Terminal;

· 4 km long viaducts on both sides of the submarine tunnel connecting to North Lantau in the south and the proposed TMWB in the north,

· associated slope works and retaining walls at Tuen Mun west,

· the associated roads and seawall,

· the southern landfall reclamation on the north-eastern side of Airport Island,

· administration building, ventilation buildings, ancillary buildings, workshops and operator facilities including control points, recovery vehicle bases, parking areas, petrol filling station and toll facilities for the management, operation and maintenance of the tunnel and toll plaza, and

· associated slope works at 9SE-B/C8 & C9 near Cheung Tung Road.

10.7.2 Degree of compatibility of the Project and associated Works

10.7.2.1 The scale of proposed northern landfall reclamation (approximately 16.5ha) and southern landfall reclamation (approximately 19.1ha) of TM-CLKL is relatively small compared to the seawater body from Urmston Road to Ma Wan Channel and Kap Shui Mun (more than 6000ha). With the soft landscape treatment, it is considered the proposed northern landfall reclamation and southern landfall reclamation are compatible to existing seascape.

10.7.2.2 The 1km elevated viaduct from TMWB to the northern tunnel portal and the associated slip roads at Tuen Mun west and a toll plaza will be well integrated with existing and planned transportation networks.

10.7.2.3 The associated slopes works and retaining walls in Tuen Mun West are essential. Soft landscape treatments such as planting climbers can enhance greenery of the slope works and retaining walls. Therefore, the slope works and retaining walls will be compatible with the surrounding landscape.

10.7.2.4 The marine viaduct from the southern landfall reclamation HKBCF to connect to North Lantau Highway at Tai Ho cannot be screened because trees cannot be planted there. Mitigation measures will include aesthetic design such as the use of visually unobtrusive colours and avoidance of excessive height and bulk of structures.

10.7.2.5 The associated slip roads near Tai Ho will be well integrated with existing and planned transportation networks. Soft landscape treatment can soften the proposed road works.

10.7.2.6 The two ventilation buildings are essential infrastructures and have low building height. Equipments have been considered to be put in basement level as far as practicable to reduce the building height. North Ventilation Building (NVB) is located at the southern end of the northern landfall reclamation of the TM-CLKL tunnel. The cross-sectional area of stack is about 94m². The mid-discharge height from the stack is 16.15m above ground (i.e. between 14.15m and 18.15m). South Ventilation Building (SVB) is located at the northern end of the southern landfall reclamation of the TM-CLKL tunnel on the HKBCF island. The height is 18.15m from ground level and the roof level +24.25mPD. The cross-sectional area of stack is about 102m². The mid-discharge height is the same as the NVB. Buffer planting will be provided to soften the proposed structures.

10.7.2.7 The associated slope works at 9SE-B/C8 & C9 near Cheung Tung Road are essential. However, the slope works will be compatible with the surrounding by soft landscape treatments and slope profile design to follow the directions and gradients and adjoining slopes.

10.7.3 Assessment of Significance of Landscape Impacts

10.7.3.1 The magnitude of the impacts, before implementation of mitigation measures, on the landscape resources and landscape character areas that would occur in the construction phase are described below and tabulated in Table 10.5.

Table 10.5 Landscape Impacts of the Proposed Works during Construction Phase

Id No.	Landscape Resources/ Landscape Character Areas	Source of Impact	Description of Impacts	Magnitude of Changes
Landscape Resources
LR01	Seawater body and shoreline near Pillar Point	· approximately 16.5ha northern landfall reclamation for the northern tunnel portal of TM-CLKL	· approximately 16.5ha seawater body will be permanently lost	Large
LR02	Plantation within the industrial area and sewage treatment plant at Pillar Point	· elevated viaduct from TMWB to the northern tunnel portal on the new reclamation	· approximately 140 no. of trees will be affected, of which approximately 2 no. of trees are proposed to be transplanted, approximately 10 no. of trees are proposed to be felled, approximately 130 no. of weed trees (Leucaena leucocephala) are proposed to be removed. · felled trees are mainly Acacia confusa of low amenity value.	Intermediate
LR03	Temporary River Trade Golf within the planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space	· excavation, toll plaza, associated slope works and retaining walls at Tuen Mun west	· River Trade Golf currently in operation under short-term tenancy will be permanently lost.	Large
LR04	Tall shrubland and disturbed hillside plantation area at Pillar Point	· toll plaza, associated slope works and retaining walls	· approximately 2600 no. of trees will be affected, of which approximately 2300 no. of trees are proposed to be felled, approximately 300 no. of weed trees (Leucaena leucocephala) are proposed to be removed. · felled trees are mainly Acacia confusa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Clausena lansium, Dimocarpus longan, Eucalyptus torelliana, Litchi chinensis, Lophostemon confertus, Macaranga tanarius. The trees are of low to medium amenity value · approximately 4.2ha tall shrubland will be lost permanently	Large
LR05	Stream course at Pillar Point	· none	· N.A.	Nil
LR06	Roadside planting along Lung Mun Road	· elevated viaduct from TMWB to the northern tunnel portal on the new reclamation · temporary and permanent alienation of part of Lung Mun Road	· approximately 260 no. of trees will be affected, of which approximately 20 no. of trees are proposed to be transplanted, approximately 200 no. of trees are proposed to be felled, approximately 40 no. of weed trees (Leucaena leucocephala) are proposed to be removed. · felled trees are mainly Acacia confusa of low amenity value.	Intermediate
LR07	Butterfly Beach Park and Butterfly Beach	· none	· N.A.	Nil
LR08	Seawater body and shoreline north of Tai Ho Wan	· southern landfall reclamation on the north-eastern side of Airport Island (now integrated with the proposed HKBCF) forming the landfall for the southern tunnel portal	· approximately 19.1ha seawater body will be permanently lost	Large
LR09	Tai Ho Wan	· none	· N.A.	Nil
LR10	Roadside planting along North Lantau Highway and within MTR Siu Ho Wan Depot	· associated slip roads connected to North Lantau Highway · temporary and permanent alienation of part of North Lantau Highway	· approximately 590 no. of trees will be affected, of which approximately 50 no. of trees are proposed to be transplanted, approximately 540 no. of trees are proposed to be felled. · felled trees are mainly Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Casuarina equisetifolia, Erythrina variegata, Eucalyptus calophylla, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Koelreuteria elegans, Syzygium cumini. The felled trees are of low to medium amenity value.	Intermediate
LR11	Vegetation at Tai Ho and Pak Mong	· road works Cheung Tung Road · associated slope works at 9SE-B/C8 & C9 near Cheung Tung Road	· approximately 450 no. of trees will be affected, of which approximately 30 no. of trees are proposed to be transplanted, approximately 420 no. of trees are proposed to be felled. · felled trees are mainly Bauhinia variegata, Callistemon rigidus, Cerbera manghas, Erythrina variegata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Liquidambar formosana, Lophostemon confertus. The felled trees are of low to medium amenity value. · approximately 0.2ha tall shrubby grassland will be lost and the grassland is of medium amenity value.	Intermediate
LR12	Stream course at Pak Mong	· none	· N.A.	Nil
Landscape Character Area
LCA01	Siu Lang Shui Upland and Hillside Landscape	· toll plaza, associated slope works and retaining walls at Tuen Mun west	· more than 1000 trees and approximately 4.2ha tall shrubland will be lost permanently, leading to change in landscape quality · toll plaza, slope works and retaining walls are incompatible to undisturbed hillside landscape	Substantial
LCA02	Pillar Point Miscellaneous Urban Fringe Landscape	· toll plaza, associated slope works and retaining walls at Tuen Mun west · temporary and permanent alienation of part of Lung Mun Road	· more than 1000 will be lost permanently, leading to change in landscape quality · toll plaza, slope works and retaining walls are not incompatible to miscellaneous urban fringe landscape which consisted of mixed land uses such as highways, transportation	Intermediate
LCA03	Pillar Point Industrial Urban Landscape	· elevated viaduct from TMWB to the northern tunnel portal on the new reclamation	· approximately 140 no. of trees will be lost, leading to change in landscape quality · the viaduct is not incompatible to the industrial landscape character	Intermediate
LCA04	Inshore Water Landscape near Pillar Point	· northern landfall reclamation	· approximately 16.5ha inshore water landscape will be permanently lost	Large
LCA05	North Lantau Transportation Corridor Landscape	· associated slip roads connected to North Lantau Highway · temporary and permanent alienation of part of North Lantau Highway	· more than 400 trees will be lost permanently, leading to change in landscape quality · the road works are compatible with existing transportation corridor landscape	Intermediate
LCA06	Tai Ho Upland and Hillside Landscape	· none	· N.A.	Nil
LCA07	Tai Ho Settled Valley Landscape	· none	· N.A.	Nil
LCA08	Pak Mong Upland and Hillside Landscape	· slope work for associated slip roads connected to North Lantau Highway	· approximately 50 trees will be lost permanently, leading to small change in landscape quality	Small
LCA09	Inshore Water Landscape near Tai Ho	· southern landfall reclamation	· approximately 19.1ha inshore water landscape will be permanently lost	Large

10.7.3.2 The potential significance of landscape impacts during the construction and operation phases are tabulated in Table 10.6. All impacts are adverse unless otherwise stated.

Table 10.6 Significance of Landscape Impacts in Construction and Operation Phases (Note: All impacts are Adverse unless otherwise noted as Beneficial).

ID. No.	Landscape Resources / Landscape Characters	Sensitivity (Low, Medium, High)	Magnitude of Change (Nil, Negligible, Small, Intermediate, Large) in Construction & Operation^*	Impact Significance Threshold BEFORE Mitigation (Nil, Insubstantial, Slight, Moderate, Substantial) in Construction & Operation ^*	Recommended Mitigation Measures (refer to Table 10.9, 10.10)	Residual Impact Significance Threshold AFTER Mitigation (Insubstantial, Slight, Moderate, Substantial)
						Construction	Operation
						Construction	DAY 1	YEAR 10
Existing Landscape Resources During Construction and Operation Phase
LR01	Seawater body and shoreline near Pillar Point	Medium	Large	Moderate	CM7	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
LR02	Plantation within the industrial area and sewage treatment plant at Pillar Point	Medium	Intermediate	Moderate	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM4	Slight	Slight	Slight
LR03	Temporary River Trade Golf within the planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space	Medium	Large	Substantial	OM1, OM4	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
LR04	Tall shrubland and disturbed hillside plantation area at Pillar Point	High	Large	Substantial	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM1	Substantial	Moderate	Moderate
LR05	Stream course at Pillar Point	Medium	Nil	Nil	CM7	Nil	Nil	Nil
LR06	Roadside planting along Lung Mun Road	Medium	Intermediate	Moderate	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM4	Moderate	Slight	Slight
LR07	Butterfly Beach Park and Butterfly Beach	High	Nil	Nil	Not required	Nil	Nil	Nil
LR08	Seawater body and shoreline north of Tai Ho Wan	Medium	Large	Moderate	CM7	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
LR09	Tai Ho Wan	High	Nil	Nil	CM7	Nil	Nil	Nil
LR10	Roadside planting along North Lantau Highway and within MTR Siu Ho Wan Depot	Medium	Intermediate	Moderate	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM4	Moderate	Moderate	Slight
LR11	Vegetation at Tai Ho and Pak Mong	High	Intermediate	Moderate	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM1	Moderate	Moderate	Slight
LR12	Stream course at Pak Mong	High	Nil	Nil	CM7	Nil	Nil	Nil
Existing Landscape Character Areas During Construction and Operation Phase
LCA01	Siu Lang Shui Upland and Hillside Landscape	Medium	Large	Substantial	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM1	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
LCA02	Pillar Point Miscellaneous Urban Fringe Landscape	Medium	Intermediate	Moderate	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM4	Moderate	Slight	Slight
LCA03	Pillar Point Industrial Urban Landscape	Low	Intermediate	Slight to moderate	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM4	Slight	Slight	Slight
LCA04	Inshore Water Landscape near Pillar Point	Medium	Large	Substantial	CM7	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
LCA05	North Lantau Transportation Corridor Landscape	Medium	Intermediate	Moderate	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM4	Slight	Slight	Insubstantial
LCA06	Tai Ho Upland and Hillside Landscape	High	Nil	Insubstantial	Not required	Nil	Nil	Nil
LCA07	Tai Ho Settled Valley Landscape	High	Nil	Insubstantial	Not required	Nil	Nil	Nil
LCA08	Pak Mong Upland and Hillside Landscape	High	Small	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM9, CM10, OM1	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
LCA09	Inshore Water Landscape near Tai Ho	Medium	Large	Substantial	CM7	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

* The magnitude of change for construction stage and operation stage is the same unless stated otherwise

10.8 Visual Impact Assessment

10.8.1 Potential Sources of Visual Impacts

10.8.1.1 The sources of visual impacts due to the Project would create varying levels of visual impact during the construction and operation phases. Potential impacts would result from the elements stated in Section 10.7.1.

10.8.2 Nature and Magnitude of Unmitigated Visual Impacts in Construction and Operation Phase

10.8.2.1 The magnitude of the impacts, before implementation of mitigation measures, on the VSRs that would occur in the construction and operation phase are described below and tabulated in Table 10.7. All impacts are adverse unless otherwise stated.

10.8.2.2 During the construction phase, the unmitigated visual impacts are adverse in nature and mainly include blockage of views to the landscape resources, degrading of visual quality of existing views and visual incompatibility of the construction works with the surroundings. For most of the VSRs in strategic and district levels, the magnitude of impacts is considered to be small or negligible for the distance between the VSRs and the developments is long and the degree of visibility remains low.

10.8.2.3 For VSRs at local level, the magnitude of impacts in construction phase varies with visual sensitivity. In general, the closer the VSRs to the development, the larger the magnitude of visual impacts as there will be higher potential that views from these VSRs will be fully/partially blocked by the construction activities.

10.8.2.4 The magnitude of impacts is also considered to be large for the residential developments of Tung Chung, namely, residents of Seaview Crescent, Coastal Skyline, Caribbean Coast, residential development in CDA zone (R4), as there will be direct adverse impacts on the quality of living space.

10.8.2.5 During the operation phase, the nature of unmitigated visual impacts could be adverse. Adverse impacts will be resulted from the blockage of views to the landscape resources and permanent loss of panoramic seaviews. The magnitude of adverse visual impacts is large for the highly sensitive VSRs located in close proximity to Tung Chung where the proposed TM-CLKL will induce blockage of views and permanent loss of panoramic seaviews that some of these VSRs currently enjoy.

10.8.2.6 The major source of visual impacts will be the marine viaduct from the southern landfall reclamation HKBCF to connect to North Lantau Highway at Tai Ho. Mitigation measures will include aesthetic design such as the use of visually unobtrusive colours and avoidance of excessive height and bulk of structures. The proposed alignment of the southern connection of TMCLKL can be improved from the visual impact point of view if the design of the viaduct could be made visually more pleasing and reduce the visual impact (or even result in beneficial visual interest) (Figure 10.8.1, 10.8.2). Therefore, with the implementation of mitigation measures, the VSRs located in close proximity to Tung Chung will still suffer from moderate visual impact of the marine viaduct.

10.8.2.7 In general, magnitude of adverse impacts will be reduced as the distance between VSRs and the developments increases. Whilst the VSRs at strategic and district levels are not that sensitive to changes in visual context induced by the developments, the magnitude of impacts will remain intermediate or small.

Table 10.7 Significance of Visual Impacts in the Construction and Operation Phases (Note: All impacts are adverse unless otherwise noted with beneficial)

VSR Type & ID.	Key Visually Sensitive Receiver (VSR)	Magnitude of Impact (Negligible, Small, Intermediate, Large)		Receptor Sensitivity (Low, Medium, High)		Impact Significance Threshold Before Mitigation (Insubstantial, Slight, Moderate, Substantial)		Recommended Mitigation Measures (refer to Table 10.9, 10.10)	Residual Impact Significance Threshold After Mitigation (Insubstantial, Slight, Moderate, Substantial)
				Receptor Sensitivity (Low, Medium, High)					Construction	Operation
		Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation		Construction	DAY 1	YEAR 10
VSRs at Strategic Level
S1	Visitors of Asian World-Expo	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Low	Slight to moderate	Slight to moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
S2	Visitors of Tung Chung Cable Car	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
S3	Hikers along the coastal path from Tung Chung to Siu Ho Wan, and in the North Lantau Country Park and North Lantau (Extension) Country Park	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Low	Slight to moderate	Slight to moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
VSRs at District Level
D1	Gold Coast and Siu Lam residential and commercial area	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, OM2, OM5	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
D2	Tsing Lung Tau, Sham Tseng and Ting Kau residential area	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, OM2, OM5	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
D3	Ma Wan residential area	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, OM2, OM5	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
VSRs at Local Level
C1	Workers of Cathay Pacific City, Cathay Pacific Catering Services, Dragonair Airport GSE Service, LSG Sky Chefs	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
C2	Workers of Commercial Areas at Chek Lap Kok	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
CA1	Visitors at Tai Ho	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
CDA1	Users of CDA zone at Siu Sau	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, OM2, OM5	Slight	Slight	Slight
C/R1	Visitors of Novotel Citygate in CDA zone	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
GIC1	Workers of Salt Water Pumping Station near Mei Lok Lane	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
GIC2	Workers of Pak Kok Sewerage Pumping Station	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
GIC3	Users of Lau Tak Yung Primary School, South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School, Ka Chi Secondary School	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
GIC4	Workers of Harbour Hydraulics Laboratory, E.M.S.D Tuen Mun Vehicle Servicing Station, Sewage Treatment Plant	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
GIC5	Workers at Service Reservoir at Siu Lang Shui	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
GIC6	Workers of East Sea Rescue Berth Airport Fire Contingent	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Low	Slight to moderate	Slight to moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
GIC7	Users of Ho Yu Secondary School, Ho Yu Primary School	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
GIC8	Workers of Airport Police Station, Air Mail Centre, Chek Lap Kok Fire Station	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
GIC9	Workers of Golden Beach	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
GIC10	Workers of Perowne Camp	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
I1	Workers of industrial area along Ho Yeung Street	Large	Large	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O1	Visitors at Tuen Mun Promenade	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O2	Visitors at Butterfly Beach Park	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O3	Visitors at Butterfly Beach	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O4	Visitors at Man Tung Road Park and Open Space at Tung Chung	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O5	Visitors at Scenic Hill and Ancient Kiln Park	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Low	Slight to moderate	Slight to moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O6	Visitors and workers at accessible open areas along the existing eastern coast of the Airport	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O7	Visitors at Golden Beach	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
O8	Visitors at Tsing Lung Garden	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
OU1	Workers and visitors of Tuen Mun Public Riding School, Tuen Mun Area 45 Tree Nursery, Rest Garden and Hung Lau	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
OU2	Workers and visitors of Temporary River Trade Golf within the planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space	Large	-	Low	-	Moderate	-	CM5, CM6	Slight	-	-
OU3	Workers of Pillar Point, River Trade Terminal	Large	Large	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
OU4	Workers of Castle Peak Power Station	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3, CM5 CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
OU5	International and local travellers, workers of Hong Kong International Airport	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
OU6	Workers of North Lantau Refuse Transfer Station, the Kowloon Motor Bus Co. Ltd. Siu Ho Wan Bus Depot, City Bus Ltd. Siu Ho Wan Bus Depot, Siu Ho Wan Vehicle Pound Vehicle Examination Centre and Weight Station, Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works, Siu Ho Wan Government Maintenance Depot, Discovery Bay Tunnel Administration Building	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
OU7	Workers of traction substation	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3, CM5 CM6, OM2, OM4	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
OU8	Workers of MTR Siu Ho Wan Depot	Large	Large	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
OU9	Users of Hong Kong Gold Coast	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
R1	Residents of Butterfly Estate, Siu Shan Court, Wu King Estate, Melody Garden, Richland Garden, Pierhead Garden, Miami Beach Towers, Marina Garden, Shi Hei Court, Yuet Wu Villa	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate to substantial	Moderate to substantial	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
R2	Residents of Pak Mong	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate to substantial	Moderate to substantial	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
R3	Residents of Tin Sam, Kau Liu and San Tau	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5. OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R4	Residents of Seaview Crescent, Coastal Skyline, Caribbean Coast, residential development in CDA zone	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate to substantial	Moderate to substantial	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
R5	Residents of Pearl Island Garden, Beaulieu Peninsula, Hong Kong Gold Coast, Siu Sau, Kar Wo Lei, Aegean Coast, Monte Carlo Villas, Spring Seaview, Blessing Villa, Ka Wo Seaview, Siu Lam San Tsuen, Aqua Blue, The Hillgrove, Peridot Court, Villa Sapphire, The Aegean	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
T1	Travelers of Tuen Mun Ferry Pier	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM5, CM6, CM8, OM2, OM5, OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
T2	Travelers of Lung Mun Road	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
T3	Travelers of Lung Fu Road	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
T4	Travelers and Workers of Sky Pier and Chu Kong Air-Sea Union Transportation	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Low	Slight to moderate	Slight to moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
T5	Travelers of Tung Chung Development Pier	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
T6	Travelers of MTR (Airport Express, Tung Chung Line and Disneyland Resort Line)	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
T7	Travelers of North Lantau Highway, Airport Road and East Coast Road	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
T8	Travelers of Kap Shui Mun and Ma Wan Channel to Urmston Road	Intermediate	Intermediate	Medium	Medium	Moderate	Moderate	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
T9	Travelers of Tung Chung Waterfront Road and Ying Hei Road	Small	Small	Low	Low	Slight	Slight	CM3 to CM6, CM8, OM1 to OM6	Slight	Slight	Slight
Planned VSRs
C3	Planned commercial development of Tung Chung	-	Intermediate	-	Low	-	Slight o moderate	OM1 to OM6	-	Slight	Slight
GIC11	Planned GIC development of Tung Chung	-	Small	-	Low	-	Slight	OM1 to OM6	-	Slight	Slight
GIC12	Planned GIC development of Tung Chung	-	Small	-	Low	-	Slight	OM1 to OM6	-	Slight	Slight
GIC13	Planned GIC development near Ka Wo Lei	-	Small	-	Low	-	Slight	OM2, OM5, OM6	-	Slight	Slight
O9	Planned open space of Tung Chung	-	Small	-	Low	-	Slight	OM1 to OM6	-	Slight	Slight
OU10	Planned theme park/major recreational uses	-	Large	-	High	-	Substantial	OM1 to OM6	-	Moderate	Moderate
OU11	Planned Lantau Logistics Park	-	Large	-	Medium	-	Moderate to substantial	OM1 to OM6	-	Moderate	Moderate
OU12	Possible planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension or other compatible uses (including recreation uses)	-	Large	-	Medium	-	Moderate to substantial	OM1 to OM6	-	Moderate	Moderate
OU13	Planned Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and open space	-	Small	-	Low	-	Slight	OM1 to OM6	-	Slight	Slight
R6	Planned residential area at the Future Tung Chung East Development	-	Large	-	High	-	Substantial	OM1 to OM6	-	Moderate	Moderate
R7	Planned new town extension area at Tung Chung	-	Intermediate	-	Medium	-	Moderate	OM2, OM5, OM6	-	Slight	Slight
R8	Planned residential area of Tung Chung	-	Intermediate	-	High	-	Moderate to substantial	OM1 to OM6		Moderate	Moderate
T10	Planned Tung Chung Development Pier	-	Large	-	Low	-	Moderate	OM1 to OM6	-	Slight	Slight
T11	Planned road of Tung Chung	-	Small	-	Low	-	Slight	OM1 to OM6	-	Slight	Slight

10.9 Mitigation Measures

10.9.1.1 The previous sections have identified the potential landscape and visual impacts due to the TM-CLKL. A series of mitigation measures have been formulated in order to alleviate some of the effects of these impacts where possible.

10.9.2 Proposed Design Measures incorporated in Development Layout

10.9.2.1 In order to minimize both the landscape and visual impacts of TM-CLKL, during the design stage, the construction area and contractor’s temporary works areas will be minimised to avoid impacts on adjacent landscape. The construction period will be kept to practical minimum. As such, some newly formed slopes will be too steep for further tree/shrub planting. However, climber treatment on slopes and toe planters are proposed to soften the slope works.

10.9.2.2 To devise a more attractive design of the external appearance of the engineering structures, buildings, viaducts and other related works, the design measures are listed in Table 10.8.

Table 10.8 Design Measures for Tuen Mun – Chek Lap Kok Link

ID No.	Design Measures
DM1	The large surface of the retaining wall along the toll plaza area shall adopt a patterned/ smoother finishes and texture design to break the large surface. Climber treatment is proposed to soften the structures.
DM2	The colour and shape of the toll control buildings, ventilation building and administration building shall adopt a design which could blend it into the vicinity elements, and the details will be developed in detailed design stage.
DM3	Round angle, patterned finishes, and oval shaped pier were considered in the viaduct design, and further details will be developed under ACABAS submission
DM4	Details of the street furniture will be developed in the detailed design stage
DM5	Aesthetic design of the viaduct, retaining wall and other structures will be developed under ACABAS submission

10.9.2.3 The marine viaduct is of particularly concern among residents of Tung Chung. Proposed aesthetic design measures incorporated in the proposed scheme of the viaduct are illustrated in Figure 10.8.1 and 10.8.2. Details of such measures are described as follows:

· An integrated urban, aesthetic and engineering design approach has been adopted in the design of the bridge viaduct and associated structures of the project. A coherent urban and aesthetic design language shall be established together with the engineering structures proposed for the HKBCF so as to mitigate the potential cumulative visual impact on the VSRs at the vicinity.

· A contemporary design language is proposed for the bridge viaduct design. A streamline and sleek bridge form with slightly curved form of parapets, columns and railings is proposed to reduce the visual bulkiness of the structures.

· A subtle grayish colour tone is proposed for the bridge viaduct so as to make the structure as recessive as possible during day time. A series of decorative lighting are proposed to highlight the bridge viaduct during night time to create visual interest to the VSRs nearby.

10.9.2.4 The proposed aesthetic design for bridge as shown in the photomontage is indicative only. The bridge design will be further reviewed and developed in the detailed design of the project. Aesthetic design treatments illustrated in Figure 10.8.1 and 10.8.2 will be considered and incorporated as appropriate in the detailed design so as to minimize the potential visual impact.

10.9.3 Proposed Design Measures incorporated in Development Layout

10.9.3.1 The proposed landscape and visual mitigation measures for the TM-CLKL are listed in Table 10.9 and 10.10. Generally, all mitigation measures are to be implemented as early as possible and many of these mitigation measures perform multiple functions.

Table 10.9 Construction Phase Mitigation Measures for Tuen Mun – Chek Lap Kok Link

ID No.	Construction Phase Mitigation Measures	Funding Agency	Implementation Agency
CM1	Existing trees on boundary of the Project Area shall be carefully protected during construction. Detailed Tree Protection Specification shall be provided in the Contract Specification. Under this specification, the Contractor shall be required to submit, for approval, a detailed working method statement for the protection of trees prior to undertaking any works adjacent to all retained trees, including trees in contractor’s works areas. (Tree protection measures will be detailed at Tree Removal Application stage).	HyD	HyD
CM2	Trees unavoidably affected by the works shall be transplanted where practical. Trees will be transplanted straight to their final receptor site and not held in a temporary nursery. A detailed Tree Transplanting Specification shall be provided in the Contract Specification. Sufficient time for necessary tree root and crown preparation periods shall be allowed in the project programme.	HyD	HyD
CM3	Hillside and roadside screen planting to proposed roads, associated structures and slope works.	HyD	HyD
CM4	Hydroseeding or sheeting of soil stockpiles with visually unobtrusive material (in earth tone).	HyD	HyD
CM5	Screening of construction works by hoardings around works area in visually unobtrusive colours, to screen works.	HyD	HyD
CM6	Control night-time lighting and glare by hooding all lights.	HyD	HyD
CM7	Ensure no run-off into water body adjacent to the Project Area.	HyD	HyD
CM8	Avoidance of excessive height and bulk of buildings and structures.	HyD	HyD
CM9	Recycle/Reuse all felled trees and vegetation, e.g. mulching	HyD	HyD
CM10	Compensatory tree planting shall be provided to the satisfaction of relevant Government departments. Required numbers and locations of compensatory trees shall be determined and agreed separately with Government during the Tree Felling Application process under ETWBTC 3/2006	HyD	HyD

Table 10.10 Operation Phase Mitigation Measures for Tuen Mun – Chek Lap Kok Link

ID No.	Operation Phase Mitigation Measures	Funding Agency	Implementation Agency	Maintenance/ Management Agency
OM1	Re-vegetation of affected woodland/shrubland with native species.	HyD	HyD	HyD/LCSD
OM2	Tall buffer screen tree / shrub / climber planting should be incorporated to soften hard engineering structures and facilities.	HyD	HyD	HyD/LCSD
OM3	Streetscape elements (e.g. paving, signage, street furniture, lighting etc.) shall be sensitively designed in a manner that responds to the local context, and minimises potential negative landscape and visual impacts. Lighting units should be directional and minimise unnecessary light spill.	HyD	HyD	HyD/LCSD
OM4	Structure, ornamental tree / shrub / climber planting should be provided along roadside amenity strips, central dividers and newly formed slopes to enhance the townscape quality and further greenery enhancement.	HyD	HyD	HyD/LCSD
OM5	Aesthetically pleasing design (visually unobtrusive and non-reflective) as regard to the form, material and finishes shall be incorporated to all buildings, engineering structures and associated infrastructure facilities.	HyD	HyD	HyD
OM6	Avoidance of excessive height and bulk of buildings and structures	HyD	HyD	HyD

10.9.3.2 An indicative list of species appropriate for mitigation planting is provided below:

Native trees for slope or woodland areas except HKBCF (OM1)

Bauhinia blakeana

Bischofia javanica

Liquidambar formosana

Ornamental trees for roadside planting and other amenity areas except HKBCF (OM2, OM4)

Bauhinia variegata

Cassia surattensis

Cinnamomum burmannii

Eucalyptus citriodora

Ficus benjamina

Lagerstroemia speciosa

Melaleuca quinquenervia

Trees not attracting birds for HKBCF (Species under the Hong Kong International Airport Approved Plant Species List) (OM2)

Cerbera manghas

Coccoloba uvifera

Hibiscus tiliaceus

Thespesia populnea

Native shrubs for slope or woodland areas except HKBCF (OM1)

Ilex asprella

Ilex pubescens

Ligustrum sinense

Melastoma candidum

Psychotria asiatica

Rhaphiolepis indica

Ornamental shrubs for roadside planting and other amenity area except HKBCF (OM2, OM4)

Gardenia jasminoides

Jasminum mesnyi

Justicia gendarussa

Ligustrum punctifolium

Michelia figo

Murraya paniculata

Rhododendron farrerae

Turf for HKBCF (Species under the Hong Kong International Airport Approved Plant Species List) (OM2)

Zoysia japonica

Climbers for retaining wall and on columns of roads (OM2)

Ficus pumila

Parthenocissus dalzielii

10.9.3.3 The master landscape plans show the preliminary soft landscape treatment to compensate the loss of trees due to the proposed TM-CLKL project Figure 10.9.1 to 10.9.13. Sections are shown in Figure 10.5.1 to 10.5.2. Detailed tree preservation, transplanting and felling including compensatory planting proposals shall be submitted to relevant government departments for approval in accordance with ETWB 3/2006.

10.9.3.4 Photomontages of the proposed project without and with mitigation measures illustrating the appearance after 10 years of the proposed works, and the location of viewpoints, are shown in Figures 10.7, 10.7.1 to 10.7.9, 10.7.1A to 10.7.9A.

10.10 Residual Impacts

10.10.1 Concurrent projects

10.10.1.1 Concurrent projects with TM-CLKL are summarized in Table 10.11 and discussed in Chapter 3.

Table 10.11 Programme of concurrent projects with TM-CLKL.

Project	Start	End	Remarks
Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF)	2010	2015/16	To be constructed concurrently with TM-CLKL and HKLR
Hong Kong Link Road (HKLR)	2010	2015	To be constructed concurrently with TM-CLKL and HKBCF
Tuen Mun Western Bypass (TMWB)	2011	2016	To be constructed concurrently with TM-CLKL
Further Landscape Enhancement to North Lantau Highway	2010	2012	-
Planned Lantau Logistic Park	2010	2012	-
Planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension	N.A.	N.A.	-
Tung Chung East & West Future Developments	2015 /16	beyond 2017	-

10.10.2 Assessment of Significance of Landscape Impacts

10.10.2.1 The potential significance of the landscape impacts during the construction and operation phases, before and after mitigation, is provided in Table 10.6. This assessment follows the proposed methodology and assumes that the appropriate design measures incorporated in the development layout and the mitigation measures identified in Tables 10.8 to 10.10 would be implemented and that the full effect of the soft landscape mitigation measures would be realized after 10 years. Cumulative impact during construction phase and operation phase of TM-CLKL and all concurrent projects within the assessment area on landscape resources and landscape character areas are described below.

10.10.3 Residual Landscape Impact in Construction Phase

10.10.3.1 Based on the tree survey on TM-CLKL, approximately 5,400 trees were surveyed within the study boundary. Approximately, 4,040 trees will be affected by TM-CLKL. Of the affected trees, approximately 100 trees are proposed to be transplanted, approximately 3,460 trees are proposed to be felled, approximately 480 weed trees (Leucaena leucocephala) are proposed to be removed according to ETWB TCW No. 3/2006 (Details refer to Table 10.12, Figure 10.2.2.1 and 10.2.2.2). Trees surveyed within the proposed works boundary are primarily common species. There are no LCSD Champion Trees, Registered Old and Valuable Trees. Transplanted trees are mainly Archontophoenix alexandrae, Bauhinia variegata and Bombax ceiba. Felled trees are mainly Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa, Archidendron clypearia, Artocarpus macrocarpus, Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Callistemon rigidus, Casuarina equisetifolia, Celtis sinensis, Cerbera manghas, Clausena lansium, Dimocarpus longan, Erythrina variegata, Eucalyptus calophylla, Eucalyptus torreliana, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Koelreuteria elegans, Liquidambar formosana, Litchi chinensis, Litsea glutinosa, Lophostemon confertus, Macaranga tanarius, Rhus succedanea, Schefflera heptaphylla and Syzygium cumini.

10.10.3.2 There is an Aquilaria sinensis listed as protected species under Cap 586 Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance. It will be affected by the proposed works and is proposed to be transplanted.

10.10.3.3 The loss of 3460 trees will be compensated by 6300 new heavy standard and light standard trees. Further soft landscape works will be proposed to further enhance greenery. Related sections with landscape treatment to soften the structures and master landscape plans are shown in Figure 10.5.1, 10.5.2, 10.9.1 to 10.9.13 respectively. The overall residual impact on trees is considered as acceptable with mitigation measures.

10.10.3.4 Impact on existing trees, shrubland and grassland is summarized in Table 10.5.

10.10.3.5 The alignment of TM-CLKL will definitely encroach upon the current Temporary River Trade Golf (LR03) to make room for the toll plaza and tunnel portal of TMWB. The affected area is inside Tuen Mun Area 46 which has been planned for Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and Open Space. Although the land of River Trade Golf is under short-term tenancy which can be terminated with advance notice, the planned usage of the Tuen Mun Area 46 discourages the design of the alignment from encroaching too much upon the land there since it is very difficult to have another piece of land for the planned facilities which is extremely sensitive to the public. As confirmed by Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) during the former FS, they have no adverse comment on slight encroachment of the alignment of TM-CLKL upon the Area 46. As the sensitivity of LR3 is medium, it is considered that the landscape impact on LR03 is moderate with the implementation of mitigation measures.

10.10.3.6 There will be permanent loss of 16.5ha seawater body near Pillar Point for the northern landfall reclamation, 19.1ha seawater body east of the HKBCF for the southern landfall reclamation and a further 0.2ha for the southern marine viaduct due to TM-CLKL, and a further loss of 138ha for the HKBCF, 27ha for the HKLR, 72 ha for the Planned Lantau Logistic Park, 40 ha for the Planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension and approximately 160 ha for the Tung Chung East & West Future Developments. The landscape impacts on seawater body and shoreline near Pillar Point (LR01) and seawater body and shoreline north of Tai Ho Wan (LR08) can only be slightly mitigated by minimizing area and construction period. Therefore, it is considered that the landscape impact on LR01 and LR08 are moderate during the construction phase even with the implementation of mitigation measures. The cumulative impacts of concurrent projects are summarized in Table 10.12.

Table 10.12 Cumulative impact of concurrent projects.

Landscape Resources	Projects	loss of seawater body (ha)
LR01	TM-CLKL	~ 16.5
LR08	TM-CLKL	~ 19.1
	HKBCF	~ 138
	HKLR	~ 27
	Planned Lantau Logistic Park	~ 72
	Planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension	~ 40
	Tung Chung East & West Future Developments	~160
Total		~ 472.6

10.10.3.1 There will be no direct impact on existing open space, stream course, SSSI. The natural terrain hazard mitigation works of TM-CLKL will affect a small area of the edge of North Lantau (Extension) Country Park (CP). It is considered that the impact on Vegetation at Tai Ho and Pak Mong (LR11) is small.

10.10.3.2 During construction, there will be moderate adverse residual impact on the Inshore Water Landscape near Pillar Point (LCA04) due to the proposed reclamation for northern landfall of TM-CLKL. There will be moderate adverse residual impact on Inshore Water Landscape near Tai Ho (LCA09) due to the proposed reclamation for southern landfall of TM-CLKL, HKLR and HKBCF.

10.10.3.3 The residual impact on other LCAs will be slight or insubstantial.

10.10.4 Residual Landscape Impact in Operation Phase

10.10.4.1 Residual impact on landscape resources and landscape character areas are shown in Table 10.6 and mapped in Figures 10.6.1.1, 10.6.1.2, 10.6.2.1 and 10.6.2.2.

10.10.4.2 Approximately 6300 heavy standard trees and light standard trees will be planted to compensate for the loss of existing trees. The master landscape plans show the preliminary soft landscape treatment (Figure 10.9.1 to 10.9.13). Detailed tree preservation, transplanting and felling including compensatory planting proposals shall be submitted to relevant government departments for approval in accordance with ETWB 3/2006. Highways Department proposed a project, New landscape Further Landscape Enhancement to North Lantau Highway (NLH). The landscape enhancement with additional greening will reduce the residual impacts of works along NLH.

10.10.4.3 LCA01 – There will be loss of more than 1000 trees and 4.2ha shrubland on Siu Lang Shui Upland and Hillside Landscape due to the operation of TM-CLKL. However, with the proposed mitigation measures including the aesthetic design of the built structures and slope treatment works, it is considered that the residual impact on this LCA is moderate.

10.10.4.4 LCA02 - There will be loss of more than 1000 trees on Pillar Point Miscellaneous Urban Fringe Landscape due to the operation of TM-CLKL. However, with the proposed mitigation measures including the aesthetic design of the built structures and soft landscape treatment works, it is considered that upon maturation of plantation, the residual impact on this LCA is slight.

10.10.4.5 LCA03 - There will be loss of appropriate 140 trees on Pillar Point Industrial Urban Landscape due to the operation of TM-CLKL. However, with the proposed mitigation measures including compensatory tree planting and soft landscape treatment works, it is considered that upon maturation of plantation, the residual impact on this LCA is slight.

10.10.4.6 LCA04 - There will be moderate impact on Inshore Water Landscape near Pillar Point due to the proposed reclamation for northern landfall of TM-CLKL (16.5ha). With the proposed mitigation measures including the aesthetic design of the built structures, it is considered that the residual impact on this LCA is moderate.

10.10.4.7 LCA05 - North Lantau Transportation Corridor Landscape will be subject to loss of more than 400 trees due to proposed TM-CLKL. However, the proposed TM-CLKL and associated road works will match with the existing roads. Through compensatory planting and enhancement planting, its residual impact is considered as insubstantial in Year 10.

10.10.4.8 LCA06 - Tai Ho Upland and Hillside Landscape will not be affected by the TM-CLKL because it is far away from the TM-CLKL.

10.10.4.9 LCA07 - Tai Ho Settled Valley Landscape will not be affected by the TM-CLKL because it is far away from the TM-CLKL.

10.10.4.10 LCA08 - Pak Mong Upland and Hillside Landscape will lose approximately 50 trees due to the slope works of TM-CLKL. However, with the proposed mitigation measures including compensatory tree planting and slope treatment works, it is considered that the residual impact on this LCA is insubstantial.

10.10.4.11 LCA09 - There will be moderate impact on Inshore Water Landscape near Tai Ho due to the proposed reclamation for southern landfall of TM-CLKL and HKBCF (19.1ha). With the proposed mitigation measures including the aesthetic design of the built structures, it is considered that the residual impact on this LCA is moderate.

10.10.5 Residual Visual Impact in Construction Phase

10.10.5.1 The open seaview from Asian World-Expo (S1) will be partially blocked by HKBCF and TM-CLKL. However, S1 will only have short duration of view and occasionally view the developments. Therefore, it is considered that the residual visual impact on S1 is slight.

10.10.5.2 Given that the magnitude of visual impacts on other VSRs at strategic and district levels are generally intermediate or small, the adverse residual impacts are expected to be slight or insubstantial with the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures.

10.10.5.3 At local level, VSRs abutting the project boundary of TM-CLKL will be subject to moderate to substantial residual visual impacts during the construction phase. With the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures like incorporation of decorative hoarding, the residual visual impacts will be lowered to moderate level. For residents of Seaview Crescent, Coastal Skyline, Caribbean Coast, residential development in CDA zone (R4), the residual impacts are still considered to be moderate given their high sensitivity and close proximity to the source of impacts.

10.10.5.4 The alignment of TM-CLKL will definitely encroach upon the current Temporary River Trade Golf (OU2) to make room for the toll plaza and tunnel portal of TMWB. The affected area is inside Tuen Mun Area 46 which has been planned for Crematorium, Columbarium, Funeral Services Centre and Open Space. Although the land of River Trade Golf is under short-term tenancy which can be terminated with advance notice, the planned usage of the Tuen Mun Area 46 discourages the design of the alignment from encroaching too much upon the land there since it is very difficult to have another piece of land for the planned facilities which is extremely sensitive to the public. As confirmed by FEHD during the former FS, they have no adverse comment on slight encroachment of the alignment of TM-CLKL upon the Area 46. As the sensitivity of OU2 is low, it is considered that the visual impact on OU2 is slight.

10.10.5.5 Other local VSRs further away will only have partial or glimpse views to TM-CLKL and concurrent projects. Therefore, the residual impacts will be slight or insubstantial.

10.10.6 Residual Visual Impact in Operation Phase

10.10.6.1 Residual impacts on VSRs are shown in Table 10.7 and mapped in Figures 10.6.3.1, 10.6.3.2 and 10.6.4.

10.10.6.2 For VSRs at strategic and district levels, the view from Asian World-Expo (S1) will be changed from open seaview to partial blockage by HKBCF and TM-CLKL. However, S1 will only have short duration of view and occasionally view the developments. Therefore, it is considered that the residual visual impact during operation phase on S1 is slight.

10.10.6.3 Given that the magnitude of visual impacts on other VSRs at strategic and district levels are generally intermediate or small, the adverse residual impacts are expected to be slight or insubstantial with the implementation of the appropriate mitigation measures.

10.10.6.4 At local level, for VSRs in close proximity to TM-CLKL and other concurrent projects, including residents of Butterfly Estate, Siu Shan Court, Wu King Estate, Melody Garden, Richland Garden, Pierhead Garden, Miami Beach Towers, Marina Garden, Shi Hei Court, Yuet Wu Villa (R1), residents of Seaview Crescent, Coastal Skyline, Caribbean Coast, residential development in CDA zone (R4) the residual impacts are still expected to be moderate. There will inevitably be permanent loss of open seaview, obstruction of existing views and reduction of depth of view, even with the implementation of mitigation measures.

10.10.6.5 In particular, the visual impact of the marine viaduct of TM-CLKL from the southern landfall reclamation HKBCF to connect to North Lantau Highway at Tai Ho cannot be softened by soft landscape. Trees cannot be planted on the viaduct because the viaduct falls within the airport approach restriction area and sufficient headroom is also required for marine transportation. Its visual impact can be slightly minimized by aesthetic design, such as the use of visually unobtrusive colours and avoidance of excessive height and bulk of structures, to make it visually more pleasing. The bridge form is dictated by its functional requirement and, in this case, it is also subject to height restriction. For the type of medium span bridge in question and unlike long span bridges, there is limited room for aesthetic design. The parapet/railing will be beautified. However, this may not be distinguished when seen at a distance from Tung Chung. The only other way is to put effort on the substructure such that it forms an integrated part of the deck structure to produce an attractive overall form and appearance (combining with colour design) as illustrated in the Figure 10.8.1, 10.8.2. A visually pleasing design of the viaduct may be capable to improve the overall visual quality of the proposed development and could compensate for the negative visual impacts caused by the viaduct structures. It may also act as a landmark for the nearby areas and enhance the city image of the Tung Chung new town at large (Figure 10.7.10A, Figure 10.7.11A, 10.8.1, 10.8.2).

10.10.6.6 On the other hand, there are more options of mitigation measures for HKBCF, such as maximizing the soft landscape to soften and screen the engineering structures.

10.10.6.7 Therefore, with the implementation of mitigation measures, the VSRs (R1, R4) located in close proximity to Tung Chung will still suffer from moderate residual visual impact of the marine viaduct and other concurrent projects. While for the planned theme park/major recreational users (OU10), planned Lantau Logistics Park (OU11) and possible planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension or other compatible uses (including recreation uses) (OU12), the residual impact would be moderate because screening/amenity planting along the waterfront promenade will be fully established and can soften the marine viaduct. For the planned residential uses at the future Tung Chung East Development (R6), the residual impacts with mitigation measures are still considered to be moderate given their high sensitivity and close proximity to the source of impacts

10.10.6.8 With the implementation of mitigation measures, the residual adverse impacts are generally insubstantial to slight for VSRs located further away from TM-CLKL and other concurrent projects.

10.10.6.9 Photomontages showing visual impact on representative VSRs due to the development and the viewpoint location plans are shown in Figures 10.7 to 10.7.11A. Their residual impacts are assessed and summarized as below.

10.10.6.10 Viewpoint G01 from Tuen Mun Promenade (O1) is approximately 1750m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.1, 10.7.1A). The existing open seaview will be slightly blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL. Given the long distance between the VSR and the development, the residual visual impact is considered as slight.

10.10.6.11 Viewpoint G02 from Butterfly Beach (O3) is approximately 1100m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.2, 10.7.2A, 10.7.2B). The existing open seaview will be slightly blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL. Given the long distance between the development and the VSR, the residual visual impact is considered as slight.

10.10.6.12 Viewpoint G03 from Golden Beach (D1) is approximately 4000m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.3, 10.7.3A). Since it is a distant view, the residual visual impact is considered as insubstantial.

10.10.6.13 Viewpoint G04 from Tung Chung Cable Car (S2) is approximately 4400m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.4, 10.7.4A). Since the VSR will only have very short duration of view, the residual visual impact is considered as slight.

10.10.6.14 Viewpoint G05 from Tung Chung residential area (R4) is approximately 2500m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.5, 10.7.5A, 10.7.5B). The existing open seaview will be blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL, HKBCF and HKLR. Given the long distance, the residual visual impact is considered as moderate.

10.10.6.15 Viewpoint G06 from northeastern end of the airport (C2) is approximately 1600m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.6, 10.7.6A, 10.7.6B). The existing open seaview will be blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL, HKBCF and HKLR. However, the VSRs will only occasionally view the developments, the residual visual impact is considered as slight.

10.10.6.16 Viewpoint G07 from the ground level of the planned theme park / recreational use (OU10) (for details please refer to the "Revised Concept Plan for Lantau") is approximately 370m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.7, 10.7.7A). The existing open seaview will be blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL, HKBCF and HKLR. However, buffer tree planting can be proposed at the planned theme park / recreational use to screen hard engineering structures and facilities. Therefore, the residual visual impact is considered as moderate.

10.10.6.17 Viewpoint G08 from villages of Pak Mong (R2) is approximately 500m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.8, 10.7.8A). The existing open seaview will be moderately blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL, HKBCF and HKLR. The proposed tree/shrub planting can partly soften the developments. Besides, aesthetic design will be incorporated to all buildings, engineering structures and associated infrastructure facilities. Therefore, the residual visual impact is considered as moderate.

10.10.6.18 Viewpoint G09 from MTR Siu Ho Wan Depot (OU8) is approximately 2100m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.9, 10.7.9A). The existing open seaview will be blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL, HKBCF and HKLR. Since the VSRs spend long period of time working indoor, they will rarely view the developments, the residual visual impact is considered as slight.

10.10.6.19 Viewpoint G10 from planned theme park/major recreation uses (OU10) is approximately 370m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.10, 10.7.10A). The existing open seaview will be blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL, HKBCF and HKLR. With the implementation of mitigation measures, including soft landscape treatment and aesthetic design to all buildings, engineering structures and associated infrastructure facilities, the residual visual impact is considered as moderate.

10.10.6.20 Viewpoint G11 from Possible planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension or other compatible use (including recreation uses) (OU12) is approximately 50m from TM-CLKL (Figure 10.7.11, 10.7.11A). The existing open seaview will be blocked by the proposed TM-CLKL, HKBCF and HKLR. Since the VSRs spend long period of time working indoor, they will rarely view the developments, the residual visual impact is considered as slight.

10.11 Conclusion

10.11.1.1 The proposed development and associated works follow in principle the planning intentions from Revised Concept Plan for Lantau and the OZPs. However, the scale of TM-CLKL, together with concurrent projects, namely, TMWB, HKLR and HKBCF, will inevitably result in some landscape and visual impacts.

10.11.1.2 There will be permanent loss of 16.5ha seawater body near Pillar Point for the northern landfall reclamation, 19.1ha seawater body east of the HKBCF for the southern landfall reclamation and a further 0.2ha for the southern marine viaduct due to TM-CLKL, and a further loss of 138ha for the HKBCF, 27ha for the HKLR, 72 ha for the Planned Lantau Logistic Park, 40 ha for the Planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension and approximately 160 ha for the Tung Chung East & West Future Developments. The landscape impact can only be slightly mitigated by minimizing area and construction period. Therefore, the overall residual impact on Seawater body and shoreline near Pillar Point (LR01) and Seawater body and shoreline north of Tai Ho Wan (LR08) are considered as moderate.

10.11.1.3 The alignment of TM-CLKL will definitely encroach upon the current Temporary River Trade Golf (LR03) to make room for the toll plaza and tunnel portal of TMWB. It is considered that the landscape impact on LR03 is moderate during construction and operation phase.

10.11.1.4 The toll plaza, associated slope works and retaining walls of TM-CLKL will cause a significant loss of trees in Tall shrubland and disturbed hillside plantation area at Pillar Point (LR04). With the proposed mitigation measures including the re-vegetation of woodland/shrubland and hillside screening planting, it is considered that the landscape impact on LR04 is moderate during construction and operation phase.

10.11.1.5 The natural terrain hazard mitigation works of TM-CLKL will affect a small area of the edge of North Lantau (Extension) Country Park. It is considered that the overall residual impact on the vegetation at Tai Ho and Pak Mong (LR11) is slight.

10.11.1.6 Based on the tree survey on TM-CLKL, approximately 5,400 trees were surveyed within the study boundary. Approximately, 4,040 trees will be affected by TM-CLKL. Of the affected trees, approximately 100 trees are proposed to be transplanted, approximately 3,460 trees are proposed to be felled, approximately 480 weed trees (Leucaena leucocephala) are proposed to be removed. Trees surveyed within the proposed works boundary are primarily common species. There are no LCSD Champion Trees, Registered Old and Valuable Trees. However, there is an Aquilaria sinensis listed as protected species under Cap 586 Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance. It will be affected by the proposed works and is proposed to be transplanted. Approximately 6300 new trees will be planted to compensate for the felled trees. Further soft landscape works will be proposed to further enhance greenery. The overall residual impact on trees and other soft landscape is considered as acceptable with mitigation measures.

10.11.1.7 With the proposed mitigation measures including the re-vegetation of woodland/shrubland and hillside screening planting, the Siu Lang Shui Upland and Hillside Landscape (LCA01) will still suffer moderate landscape impact during construction and operation due to the loss of trees which changes the landscape character.

10.11.1.8 With the proposed mitigation measures including the aesthetic design of the built structures, minimizing construction area, the Inshore Water Landscape near Pillar Point (LCA04) and the Inshore Water Landscape near Tai Ho (LCA09) will still suffer moderate landscape impact due to the proposed reclamation for northern landfall, southern landfall of TM-CLKL and HKBCF respectively.

10.11.1.9 Kap Shui Mun and Ma Wan Channel to Urmston Road is a unique public asset and natural visual resources as viewed from Lantau, providing an open seascape along the northern coast of Lantau Island and the south coast of Tuen Mun. The proposed TM-CLKL, particularly the marine viaduct from the southern landfall reclamation HKBCF to North Lantau Highway at Tai Ho, together with HKLR and HKBCF, will induce partial blockage of views and permanent loss of open seascape view. The cumulative visual impacts can only be slightly mitigated by minimizing area, avoidance of excessive height and bulk of buildings and structures and construction period.

10.11.1.10 There will be moderate unavoidably residual impact on residents of Butterfly Estate, Siu Shan Court, Wu King Estate, Melody Garden, Richland Garden, Pierhead Garden, Miami Beach Towers, Marina Garden, Shi Hei Court, Yuet Wu Villa (R1), the residents of Seaview Crescent, Coastal Skyline, Caribbean Coast, residential development in CDA zone (R4), Planned theme park/major recreational uses (OU10), Planned Lantau Logistics Park (OU11), Possible planned Lantau Logistics Park Extension or other compatible uses (including recreation uses) (OU12) and Planned residential area of Tung Chung users (R8). For the Planned residential uses at the future Tung Chung East Development (R6), the residual impacts are still considered to be moderate given their high sensitivity and close proximity to the source of impacts.

10.11.1.11 Overall, it is considered that the residual landscape and visual impacts of the proposed TM-CLKL are acceptable with mitigation measures during construction and operation phase.