13                                        SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES AND CONCLUSIONS

13.1                                  Introduction

This Section summarises the environmental outcomes associated with the construction and operation of the Project.

13.2                                  Summary of Environmental Impacts

13.2.1                            Air Quality

The enhancement works and associated works within the Ecological Reserve will be carried out with hand tools only.  No major excavation works will be required and no dust impact is anticipated.  Only minor works will be required during emergencies or routine maintenance.  No air pollution generating activity is required and no air quality impact is expected during the operational phase.

Dust nuisance from construction works and gaseous emissions from diesel-powered equipment are the potential air quality concerns during the construction of the Multi-Cultural Education Retreat cum Columbarium.  Dust may be generated from materials handling, excavation and filling, wind erosion and truck movements during site formation works.  The scale of the construction works is likely to be small and the rate of excavated soil generation will also be low (ie 94 m3/day on average).  With the implementation of recommended dust control measures and good site practices, dust impact is not expected.  The number of diesel-powered construction equipment to be operated at any one time will be limited owing to the small scale of the works and the division of the works into phases.  Gaseous emissions from the operation of diesel-powered equipment are expected to be minor, and no adverse air quality impact is anticipated. 

The number of visitors during public holidays and festival holidays will be increased.  However, burning of effigies and paper offerings will not be allowed at the future development; therefore no adverse air quality impact is anticipated during the operation of the development.  In-house management measures such as signage to remind visitors on the prohibition of burning effigy should be provided.  Vehicular emissions from Sha Lo Tung Road are the key air quality concern during the operation of the columbarium.  However, during normal days, two 24-seats shuttle buses which depending on the technology available, could be electricity driven, will be provided for serving the visitors.  During festive periods, shuttle buses will be hired from coach suppliers and SLTDC would try to use electric vehicles as far as practicable.  In view of the large separation distances between ASRs and the future columbarium and compliance with HKPSG recommendations, no adverse air quality impact is anticipated. 

In addition, the Motor Vehicle Idling (Fixed Penalty) Ordinance has been in effect on 15 December 2011.  It is prohibited to allow the drivers leaving vehicle engines idling for more than three minutes in any 60-minute period.  As such, no air emission is anticipated from the shuttle buses during idling in the parking area.

Dust nuisance from construction works and gaseous emissions from diesel-powered equipment are the potential concerns during the road improvement works.  Materials handling, wind erosion and truck movements are expected to be the major sources of construction dust.  The road improvement works will be conducted over a period of 19 months and the works will be carried out in phases, each of which covers only a road section of approximately 800m in length, and therefore the works area will be small.  In view of the large separation distances between ASRs and the works area, no adverse dust impact is anticipated.  The number of diesel-powered equipment to be used for the works will be limited owing to the small size of the works area.  The air emissions from diesel equipment are expected to be minor and no adverse air quality impact is expected.  With the implementation of the recommended dust control measures and good site practices, the dust impact is expected to comply with the dust criteria.  Vehicular emissions are envisaged to be the only air quality concern during the operation of the widened Sha Lo Tung Road.  During normal days, two 24-seats shuttle buses which depending on the technology available, could be electricity driven, will be provided for serving the visitors.  During festive periods, shuttle buses will be hired from coach suppliers and SLTDC would try to use electric vehicles as far as practicable.  In view of the sufficient buffer distances between ASRs and the widened road and compliance with HKPSG recommendation, no adverse vehicular emission impact is anticipated.

13.2.2                            Noise

Owing to the proximity of the NSRs to the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement, mitigation measures are required to be implemented to mitigate the construction noise impacts.  Practicable mitigation measures, including use of quiet construction plant, reduced utilisation rates of PME and movable noise barriers, have been recommended to be implemented during the three phases.  With the implementation of mitigation measures, the mitigated construction noise levels at the representative NSRs would comply with the construction noise criterion of 75 dB(A) throughout the construction period.  Noise monitoring during the construction stage is recommended to ensure compliance with the relevant noise criteria. 

During the operational phase of the Project, the induced traffic on Sha Lo Tung Road will not cause any adverse noise impact to the NSRs.  The predicted operational fixed plant noise levels at the representative NSRs would comply with the noise criterion based on the set of specified maximum SWLs for the Plant Rooms and VRV units at the Development Site.  Attenuation measures, if required, will be provided to the fixed plant items for achieving the guaranteed noise levels during the detailed design stage.  A detailed noise impact assessment should be undertaken during the detailed design of the fixed plant items for the development.  Noise monitoring is not required during the operational phase. 

13.2.3                            Water Quality

Sha Lo Tung Valley comprises water quality sensitive receivers including Sha Lo Tung SSSI and stream, which are also considered of high ecological and conservation significance, as well as the wet abandoned agricultural land to the east of the Development Site.  It has been identified that the water quality sensitive receivers (WSRs) of the Development Site and Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement include Sha Lo Tung SSSI, Fung Yuen Valley SSSI and streams.

No pesticides or herbicides will be used for weed removal during the enhancement works.  Other work within the Ecological Reserve will include construction and removal of the temporary footbridge, and fencing at Lei Uk and minor improvement of the existing new footpath to Lei Uk.  These works will be carried out with hand tools only.  No major excavation works will be required and no water quality impact is anticipated.  Only minor works will be required during emergencies or routine maintenance.  No wastewater generating activity will occur and no water quality impact is expected during the operational phase.

During the construction phase of the Project water quality impacts have the potential to arise from construction runoff, general construction activities and domestic sewage discharge.  To avoid ecological risk to the downstream Sha Lo Tung Valley, any discharge of construction runoff from the Development Site is prohibited.  Necessary practices and measures have been proposed with target to ensure no discharge of construction runoff to the downstream ecological sensitive areas (See Section 13.3.8).  Consequently, the potential water quality impacts will be controlled and are expected to be minimal.

The principal impacts on the existing drainage that require mitigation are as follows:

·            Increase in the total volume of run-off;

·            Increase in peak intensity of run-off flow; and

·            Increase in risk of pollution.

The increase in water quantity has been addressed by minimising the creation of impermeable surfaces, encouraging natural ground water recharge through soakaways/filter drains and transferring all highway runoff into the adjacent urban catchment.  The increase in peak intensity has been addressed by controlled run-off attenuation using swales, naturally lined channels, catchpits, and vortex grit separator with outlet control and undeveloped buffer zones.  The risk of pollution has been addressed by transferring runoff from higher risk areas to the adjacent urban catchment, and the use of catchpits, filter drains and vortex grit separator in the traffic free, low risk Development Site.  The hazards and risk associated with accidental oil spillage and leakage are negligible because all storm water run-off from the access road and car park within the Development Site will be isolated, collected in the pumping station located beneath the proposed car park and then pumped back into the stormwater drainage system for the upgraded access road where it will re-enter the existing main storm water drainage system for the Ting Kong Road.

During the construction phase of the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement, the water quality impacts have the potential to arise mainly from construction runoff and general construction activities.  It is anticipated that the effects on water quality from the construction activities are likely to be minimal, provided that major earthworks are undertaken during dry season, and that good construction practices and a well designed temporary drainage system are implemented.

Vehicles will enter the Ecological Reserve, Nature Interpretation Centre, and a Multi-Cultural Education Retreat cum Columbarium along the improved Sha Lo Tung Road to the car park which will be situated at the western side of the Development Site.  The road runoff may contain minimal amounts of oil, grease and grit that may cause water quality impacts to the watercourses, if uncontrolled.  With the collection of the run-off and then pumping back into the structured highway drainage system along the improved Sha Lo Tung Road that ultimately connects to the existing stormwater system in Ting Kok Road, no adverse impacts to the WSRs are anticipated.  Furthermore, it is anticipated that the number of vehicles entering the area will be relatively low when compared to the main roads and this will further minimise water quality impacts.

13.2.4                            Sewerage Impact Assessment

Taking into consideration the constraints of the Development Site, and the existing and planned sewage network in the region, three sewage disposal options for the development of the Site have been investigated.   In broad terms, the three proposed sewage disposal options are discharging to Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works, treatment on Site and removal off site.

Among the three options, the option of discharging the sewage to Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works is recommended.  The option of provision of on-site sewage treatment plant and removal of the sewage off site by tanker are not recommended.  The recommended option is considered feasible and practical given that the impacts to the downstream sewer and the Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works are considered insignificant.  The details of the recommended sewage disposal scheme will be further confirmed at the detailed design stage and close liaison will be carried out with relevant departments to approve the scheme.

An assessment of the impacts of sewage generation during festival days has also been considered.  With proposed measures to manage the increase in sewage generation, no adverse impacts to the sewerage system are expected.

13.2.5                            Waste Management

As part of the associated works within the Ecological Reserve, a temporary footbridge will be constructed across the stream within the Sha Lo Tung Stream SSSI.  Minor excavation for the construction of the bridge footing will be required.  It is estimated that about 1.1 m3 of C&D materials will be generated from the footing construction.  About 0.4 m3 of this material will be reused as backfilling onsite and the rest will be disposed offsite at the appropriately waste reception facility.  With the implementation of good waste management and on-site waste minimisation practices, no adverse impact associated with the management of green waste is expected during the maintenance and operation of the Ecological Reserve.

Approximately 16,100 m3 of inert soft materials will be excavated during site formation and approximately 7,600 m3 of public fill are required for filling to the required level.  The in-situ excavated materials will be reused for the backfilling, and the cutting and filling activities for the site formation and slope works will be planned and arranged in such a way that the requirement for stockpiling will be minimised.  The waste management assessment is based on the worst case scenario assuming there is no reuse of materials on-site.  The average rate of excavated soil generation and filling rate will be low (ie about 134 m3/day and 63 m3/day, respectively).  Assuming 10 working hours a day, about 4 to 5 trucks and 1 trucks will be required per hour on average (considered as worst case scenario as some materials will be reused on-site as much as possible) to dispose to public filling facilities and to import fill materials, respectively.  It should be noted that the trucks will only travel along the improved Sha Lo Tung Road (with pedestrian footpath after the improvement) during weekday’s normal working hours for five months but not in the weekends or public holidays.  The number of trucks can be reduced by reusing the materials on-site and the nuisance to hikers or visitors to Sha Lo Tung due to the trucks can therefore be minimised as well.  About 1,490 m3 of construction waste will be generated from new building construction.  Given the implementation of recommended mitigation measures (ie waste management programme) and good site practices, no adverse environmental impact is expected during the construction phase.

Limited quantities of general refuse and chemical wastes are expected to be generated during the operation of the Nature Interpretation Centre, Multi-Cultural Education Retreat cum Columbarium.  With good site practices, the potential environmental impacts associated with the storage, handling, collection, transport and disposal of a small quantity of general refuse and chemical wastes arising from the operation of the Multi-Cultural Education Retreat will meet the relevant EIAO-TM criteria and no adverse impact associated with waste management is anticipated.

The road improvement works will be divided into three phases.  The three phases of the road improvement works will be undertaken in consecutive sequence with some overlap between phases.  A total of 11,000 m3 of soil will be excavated over the 19-month construction period.  About 20m3 of soil is estimated to be generated per day.  Even if a peak factor of 2 is applied to cater for the potential increase in spoil generation during the overlapping of two phases, the estimated peak volume of spoil to be generated per day (ie 40 m3) is still considered small.  Assuming a capacity of 7.5 m3 per truck and a bulk factor of 1.2, about 7 trucks per day will be required to dispose to public filling facilities.  A small volume of fill materials (ie, 1,000 m3) will be required.  Assuming 24 working days a month, a capacity of 7.5 m3 per truck and a bulk factor of 1.2, the filling rate, on average, will be 2 m3 per day and about 1 truck will be required to import the fill materials.  With such a small number of truck trips generated, the effect on the existing traffic on Sha Lo Tung Road would be minimal.

Chemical waste generated from maintenance of construction equipment will be generated during the construction phase.  Given the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures, no adverse environmental impact is expected during the construction phase.

13.2.6                            Ecology

The ecological impact assessment has been prepared using the results of comprehensive literature reviews and ecological field update surveys conducted between 2004 and 2011.  The Ecological Reserve covers areas within Sha Lo Tung Valley and is considered of high ecological significance.  Habitats recorded include Fung Shui Woods, secondary woodlands, grassland shrubland mosaic, streams, wet and dry abandoned agricultural land, active agricultural land and developed area (abandoned village).  However, the habitat quality within Sha Lo Tung Valley is degrading due to threats such as the use of four wheel drive vehicles, hill fires, wargames and vegetation removal.  

The Development Site is mainly covered by grassland shrubland mosaic with a small part of the area occupied by secondary woodland and developed area.  The grassland shrubland mosaic is frequently disturbed by hill fire and is considered to have low to moderate ecological value.  The secondary woodland is dominated by climax native tree species such as Schima superba with densely vegetated understorey and is considered of moderate to high ecological value.  Faunal species of conservation interest recorded within the Development Site included Greater Coucal, Lesser Coucal, Hwamei, Savannah Nightjar with sighting of the Crested Serpent Eagle flying overhead.  Floral species of conservation interest included Bamboo Orchid and Willow-leaved Camellia.

Habitats within the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement area include secondary woodland, plantation, grassland-shrubland mosaic and developed area.  The secondary woodland is of moderate to high ecological value, the grassland-shrubland mosaic of low to moderate ecological value, the plantation of low ecological value and the developed area of negligible ecological value.  Species of conservation interest recorded within the Construction Works Boundary along the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement included Incense Tree, Lamb of Tartary, Hong Kong Pavetta, Rhodoleia, Common Tutcheria and Cycad fern and all the same bird species of conservation interest as found in the Development Site, with the addition of the Emerald Dove and a Common Buzzard flying overhead.  In addition, evidence of the Masked Palm Civet, a mammal of conservation interest, in the form of scats on the road, was also recorded.

The enhancement works for the establishment of the Ecological Reserve and the implementation of the Conservation Management Plan will enhance the conservation value of Sha Lo Tung Valley.  In addition, human disturbance such as hill fire will be largely reduced/ controlled.  As a consequence, the proposed Project is expected to bring about long term and sustainable benefits to the ecology of Sha Lo Tung Valley and the habitats and associated wildlife.

Direct habitat loss may result from the land taken for the construction of proposed buildings and facilities as well as the Sha Lo Tung Road improvement works.  The majority of the proposed development will be constructed on the grassland-shrubland mosaic and thereby reduce the impacts on the secondary woodland.  The proposed development also avoided impacts on the wet abandoned agricultural land and the associated aquatic species of conservation interest.

With the provision of a 20 m building buffer from Sha Lo Tung SSSI, the riparian woodlands which served as wildlife (particularly Family Gomphidae dragonflies) foraging/ roosting grounds are significantly preserved.  The small-sized habitat loss due to the proposed development is not predicted to cause adverse impacts to the wildlife using the SLT SSSI and associated habitats.  The ecological impacts on the larval stage of the dragonfly community in the SSSI due to the water quality impacts from the construction activities are likely to be avoided through water pollution control measures.  No unacceptable ecological impacts during the construction and operational phases are expected based on the current design given that appropriate mitigation measures are properly implemented.

No adverse residual water quality or associated ecological impacts were predicted to occur due to construction and operation of the Project on the basis that the recommended mitigation measures are adopted in full.

13.2.7                            Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

Fourteen Landscape Resources and four Landscape Character Areas were identified within the 500 metre Study Area.  A number of mitigation measures have also been proposed for both the design and construction period to not only reduce potential landscape and visual impacts but also to improve the overall amenity of the Project.

The following residual landscape impacts have been identified during the construction phase:

·            There will be ‘Moderate’ impacts on LR1 Woodland, LR2 Open Shrubland, LR6 Plantation, LCA1 Upland and Hillside Landscape and LCA4 Sha Lo Tung Valley.

·            There will be ‘Slight’ impacts on LR3 Abandoned Agricultural Land, LR4 Developed Area, LR7 Roads and LCA2 Fung Yuen Valley.

·            There will be ‘Negligible’ residual impacts of all other LRs and LCAs during the construction phase.

The following residual landscape impacts have been identified during the operation phase:

·            During the operation phase, there will be ‘Moderate’ residual landscape impacts on LCA4 Sha Lo Tung Valley at Day 1 of operation, reducing to ‘Slight’ at Year 10 of operation.

·            There will be ‘Slight’ impacts on LR1 Woodland, LR2 Open Shrubland, LR2 Open Shrubland, LR6 Plantation and LCA1 Upland and Hillside Landscape at Day 1 of operation. At year 10 of operation, ‘Slight’ impacts will remain for LR1 Woodland, LR 3 Abandoned Agricultural Land and LCA1 Upland and Hillside Landscape.  The impacts will reduce to ‘Negligible’ for LR3 Abandoned Agricultural Land and LR6 Plantation.

·            There will be ‘Negligible’ residual impacts of all other LRs and LCAs during the operation phase at both Day 1 and Year 10.

In addition to a review of the physical barriers forming the natural visual envelope of the project, a GIS analysis and an analysis of the parameters of human vision was undertaken.  The visual envelope was found to extend to 2.3 km from the boundary of the Development Site and 900m from the road improvement works.

Ten recreational, seven residential, two occupational and three travelling VSRs were identified within the visual envelope.

The following residual visual impacts have been identified during the construction phase:

·            Temporary residual visual impacts of ‘Moderate’ significance will include R1 Hikers on the Wilson Trail west of the site, R2 Cyclists along Ting Kok Road, R3 Hikers within the Pat Sin Leng Country Park west of the site, R4 and R5 visitors to Cheung Uk and Lei Villages, R6 Hikers on the path from Fung Yuen to Sha Lo Tung Road, R7 Hikers in Fung Yuen valley, R8 Hikers on the Wilson Trail north of the site, R9 Hikers in Pat Sin Leng Country Park North of project areas and T3 Travelers along Sha Lo Tung Road.

·            Residual visual impacts of ‘Slight’ significance will include R10 Hikers in Pat Sin Leng Country Park east of project areas.  Residential VSRs including H1 residents and Fu Heng Estate, H2 Residents in Pinehill, Yue Kok Tsuen and Tit Mei Tsai, H3 and H4 Residents in Fung Yuen village and the proposed new Fung Yuen development and H5 Residents at Ha Hang will experience ‘Slight’ visual impacts.  T1 and T2 Travelers along Ting Kok and Fung Yuen roads will also experience ‘Slight’ residual impacts.

·            All other VSRs will experience ‘Negligible’ impacts during construction.

The following residual visual impacts have been identified during at Day 1 of the operation phase:

·            At Day 1 of the operation phase, ‘Moderate’ residual visual impacts have been identified for R1 Hikers on the Wilson Trail west of the site ,R2 Cyclists along Ting Kok Road, R3 Hikers within the Pat Sin Leng Country Park west of the site ,R4 and R5 visitors to Cheung Uk and Lei Villages, R6 Hikers on the path from Fung Yuen to Sha Lo Tung Road, R7 Hikers in Fung Yuen valley and T3 Travelers along Sha Lo Tung Road.

·            Residual visual impacts of ‘Slight’ significance at Day 1 of operation will include R8 Hikers on the Wilson Trail north of the site and R9 and R10 Hikers in Pat Sin Leng Country Park north and east of project areas. 

·            All other VSRs will experience ‘Negligible’ residual visual impacts at Day 1 of operation.

·            At Year 10 of operation, ‘Slight’ impacts will remain for R1 Hikers on the Wilson Trail west of the site, R2 Cyclists along Ting Kok Road, R3 Hikers within the Pat Sin Leng Country Park west of the site, R4 and R5 visitors to Cheung Uk and Lei Villages, R6 Hikers on the path from Fung Yuen to Sha Lo Tung Road, R7 Hikers in Fung Yuen valley and T3 travelers along Sha Lo Tung road.

In accordance with Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM, the landscape and visual impacts are considered acceptable with mitigation measures.

13.2.8                            Cultural Heritage

Desktop review supplemented by field survey identified that there is no declared monument within the Built Heritage Impact Assessment (BHIA) and the Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) assessment areas.  Hok Tau Reservoir – Cheung Uk Boulder Trackway, a site of archaeological interest recorded by the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO), is partly located within the Ecological Reserve.  The trackway will be retained in the Ecological Reserve and no adverse impact is anticipated.

Two graded historic buildings (Cheung Uk being confirmed as Grade 2 historic building whereas Lei Uk being confirmed as Grade 3 historic building), one landscape feature and five clan graves are identified within the Ecological Reserve.  They will be retained in the Ecological Reserve.  No adverse impact is anticipated.    

Six graves are identified within the Development Site, the project proponent and the grave owners have come up to an agreement that all the graves in the Development Site will be relocated.  No other cultural heritage resources are identified within the Development Site.

The archaeological impact assessment identified two pieces of artefacts dated back to Neolithic Age and Tang to Song Dynasties respectively at the southern portion of the proposed Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement.  Archaeological monitoring has been recommended during construction stage of the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement to preserve potentially impacted archaeological resources by record.  The need and scope of the archaeological monitoring is subject to the detailed design of the construction works.

A landscape feature, an earth shrine (LF01), is identified at the southern section of the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement.  The construction work adjacent to the shrine may affect the access to the shrine.  It is recommended that safe access of visitors to the shrine should be ensured.  A temporary fence with access entrance should be erected to prevent any direct impact to LF01 during the construction work.  Potential vibration impact will also be a concern if sheet piling works are required for laying of drainage pipes adjacent to the earth shrine.  Recommendations have been made to avoid and minimise the potential vibration impact through construction method review.  If it is considered not feasible, a vibration monitoring has been recommended.  No other built heritage resources are identified within the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement.

13.3                                  Summary of measures of minimazing environmental Impacts

13.3.1                            Consideration of Alternative Development Options

Selection of Development Site

As part of the Sha Lo Tung Valley location selection process for the proposed development, a number of locations have been analysed.  Disturbance to terrestrial ecological resources of acknowledged conservation significance was avoided by screening out the following areas from consideration when planning and designing the Development Site:

·            Sha Lo Tung Valley core areas;

·            Sha Lo Tung Site of Special Scientific Interests (SSSI);

·            Conservation Area;

·            Wet abandoned agricultural land adjacent to the Development Site (Hong Kong Paradise Fish recorded in this habitat); and

·            Secondary woodland within the Development Site.

The Development Site, located at the entrance of Sha Lo Tung Valley (mainly grassland shrubland mosaic), is not considered to be an ecologically significant area.  It should be noted that the Development Site also avoids the Pat Sin Leng Country Park and Conservation Area, as well as the wet abandoned agricultural land.  With the adoption of the 20 m wide non-building buffer and proper design, the building layout preserved the majority (about 92%) of the secondary woodland (with a total of 0.3 ha and only 0.025 ha to be affected) within the Development Site. 

Consideration of Alternative Layout of the Development Site

The Project has identified and examined three layout options for the proposed development concession within the Development Site.  The options differ primarily in regard to the future development profile in the central and northern portions of the site.  Option 1 emphasises retaining the natural knoll as far as possible which resulted in locating development in the northern lower-lying area - closer to the sensitive SSSI zone and involving significant tree felling around this habitat.  Option 2 reflects the priority given to setting back construction works from the SSSI zone and retaining the majority of the secondary woodland - resulting in more development on and around the knoll.  Option 3 reflects the priority given to setting back construction works from the SSSI zone, retaining the natural knoll and the majority of the secondary woodland as far as possible - resulting in less visual concern. 

In assessing whether an alternative is practical and reasonable, five criteria were applied to the Development Site, including extend of land take and site formation, encroachment into Sha Lo Tung SSSI, encroachment into Country Park, potential disturbance to existing woodland and trees and potential environmental impact.  From this assessment, it is considered that Option 3 is recommended as the preferred option for the layout of the development to be taken forward for the purposes of the detailed environmental assessment and subsequent planning approval applications.

Alternative Access Road Design

Under the Project, the existing Sha Lo Tung Road (approximately 2.3 km) will be improved to the minimum safety requirement of a Single Track Access Road that would also enable emergency access for fire engines and provide safe access to visitors of the surrounding country park, the proposed Nature Reserve with Nature Interpretation Centre and the development concession facilities.

An alternative design for the lower section of Sha Lo Tung Road was considered.  The alternative route is an abandoned track route with staircase connecting Ting Kok Road near Ha Hang Estate and Sha Lo Tung Road near the WSD Ha Hang Fresh Water Service Reservoirs.  The width of the track route is approximate 1 – 1.2 m.  It rises from 4.4 mPD to around 62 mPD in 700 m length.  The gradient of the staircase is over 1:6 (greater than 16%).  A significant amount of cut and fill slope work would be involved if the staircase was converted into vehicular access.  Moreover, there are a large number of trees and vegetation located along both sides of the track route and staircase. 

Based on the existing contour plan, gradient and the local site constraint, upgrading and improving the whole existing Sha Lo Tung Road is preferred rather than constructing a new road alignment for the lower section.  The benefits of this include minimal cut and fill slope area, minimal impact on trees/vegetation, minimal impact to the environment (i.e. air quality and noise impact to Ha Hang village) and minimal construction time.

13.3.2                            Design Consideration of Master Layout Plan

Minimisation of the Building Footprint

The preliminary Master Layout Plan minimised the building footprint within the Development Site.  Although the total area of the Development Site is approximately 4.1 ha, the land take for the main buildings including the Nature Interpretation Centre, Multi-Cultural Education Retreat, Columbarium structures, car park and major paths connecting all buildings, but not including site formation and landscape areas is approximately 1.27 ha (only about 31.0% of the total area).

Provision of a minimum additional 20 m wide Non-Building Buffer from the Sha Lo Tung SSSI

To avoid impacts to the Sha Lo Tung SSSI and natural stream, the proposed Master Plan will have a minimum 20 m wide additional buffer area from the existing SSSI zone to further safe guard the Sha Lo Tung Stream which is already protected by the existing general 30 m wide buffer areas (designated under the SSSI zone) (Figures 3.7 and 3.8).  Hence building works will be generally of 50 m from any stream course within the Sha Lo Tung SSSI.  In addition, provision of the non-building 20 m buffer zone can preserve the existing trees and vegetation, and the secondary woodland habitats.

Retrofitting Development to the Natural Topography Profile

Rather than one continuous form of development, the master plan proposes a number of separate structures to maximise retention of the existing natural topography and trees.  This results in a building footprint, access and earthworks which are contoured largely around the existing terrain profile.  By so doing, the extent of site formation and excavated materials is reduced and potential environmental impacts in particular construction runoff and vegetation removal on the SSSI zone are minimised.  The separation of the Columbarium and the Multi-Cultural Education Retreat reduces their visibility from public trails within the Valley.  The proposed development fully utilises the existing profile and natural topography, and avoids the ridge top so as to minimise potential visual impacts.

Locating Development back from the Sha Lo Tung SSSI and Stream

In addition to the proposed 20m buffer setback for development from the “SSSI” zone, building works along the southern edge of this setback are limited to that for the proposed parking area and the northern lower building of the Multi-Cultural Education Retreat.  As this use occupies only a short section of this linear buffer boundary and the remaining area is landscaped, the visual impact of such uses close to the SSSI zone is significantly reduced.  Moreover, reducing the extent of development along the southern edge of the 20m wide buffer minimises the potential for accidental spillage of construction runoff and enables any such spillage to be directed to the southeast side, where the temporary storage tanks and drainage system are provided, not toward the SSSI stream.

Extensive Use of Green Roofing

While sensitive location of the required structures and connecting access routes within the Development Site helps minimise the construction impact, extensive provision of flat roofing for all structures within the site offers potential ‘greening’ benefits such as collection of rainwater and planting to minimise visual impact.  Such treatment allows the development concession uses to better blend into the rural character of the Valley. 

Preservation of Existing Woodland and Trees

The Master Plan avoids disturbance to the existing woodland and trees as much as possible, providing the least impact to the woodland and trees through minimising the construction footprint. 

13.3.3                            Design Consideration of Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement

The principles adopted for the design of the road improvement works are: -:

·            Minimize disturbance to the existing landscape and trees;

·            Preserve woodlands of ecological value;

·            Provide a safe access road engineered to meet the traffic demand; and

·            Enable emergency vehicle access to the Ecological Reserve, Nature Interpretation Centre, Multi-Cultural Education Retreat cum Columbarium.

With such principles, the impacts arising from the improvement works will be kept to a minimum.  In light of the low volume of traffic expected, the improved access road shall remain a single track access which satisfies the following Transport and Planning Design Manual (TPDM) requirements and with the following considerations:

·            The access road shall follow the existing road alignment and profile to minimise earthworks and impacts to the existing environment.  Nevertheless, the road shall be re-profiled to ensure a maximum gradient less than 16% because a gradient more than 16% is not suitable for use of emergency vehicles;

·            The road will be widened towards the eastern side through cutting the uphill slopes to avoid disturbing the woodland dominating on the western side;

·            Soil nailing, if required to stabilise slopes particularly downhill, can be implemented carefully to avoid damage to trees and the slope surface can be planted to maintain a green landscape after the improvement works are finished;

·            Provision of a drainage system with additional verges and a sewer;

·            No encroachment into the Conservation Area and Pat Sin Leng Country Park; and

·            Appropriate landscape design along the access road.

13.3.4                            Carefully Designed Construction Activities and Sequence

The construction activities will be carefully designed to avoid ecological impacts to the nearby Conservation Area, Pat Sin Leng Country Park, Sha Lo Tung SSSI and Stream.  The following precautionary measures have been adopted in the proposed construction activities in order to minimise construction impacts, in particular the possible construction runoff to the SSSI zone and stream courses within the Sha Lo Tung SSSI:

·            Careful site developments to avoid encroachment and possible construction runoff to the sensitive stream course within the Sha Lo Tung SSSI at northern side of the site; 

·            Minimise the permanent and temporary cutting areas;

·            Minimise the footprint of the temporary access road within the site;

·            Divide the works into three stages to minimise the concurrent works within the site (Sha Lo Tung Road improvement with its drainage network will be completed prior to any construction works undertaken within the Development Site);

·            Start with the construction at southern side to minimize any impact to the ecological sensitive stream to the north of the site.

·            Undertake earthworks (soil excavation and filling works) during the dry season (November to March);

·            Provide well designed temporary drainage systems around the entire Development Site in advance in order to ensure no construction runoff discharge to Sha Lo Tung Stream and Conservation Area;

·            No restaurant will be constructed in the Nature Interpretation Centre, and a Multi-Cultural Education Retreat cum Columbarium;

·            No night time construction works within the Development Site.

·            Locating the designated stockpile area at a substantial distance of approximately 320m from Sha Lo Tung SSSI and streams.  The area will be on concrete access road, which provided with concrete bunds and interceptor drains along its perimeter to prevent the loss of materials such as soil, silt or debris to the surrounding area.  The stockpile will also be covered with tarpaulin or similar impermeable covering materials during rainstorms to ensure that no impact on the water gathering ground, Sha Lo Tung SSSI and streams will arise; 

·            All unavoidable surplus excavated materials will be removed from the works area and delivered by truck on a daily basis.  The trucks will only travel along the improved Sha Lo Tung Road (with pedestrian footpath after the improvement) during weekday’s normal working hours but not in the weekends or public holidays.  The number of trucks can be reduced by maximising the reuse of materials on-site and therefore the nuisance to hikers or visitors to Sha Lo Tung due to the trucks can also be minimised as well; and

·            All fuel tanks and chemical storage areas will be provided with locks and be sited on paved areas and located next to the temporary stockpiling area at the south of the Development Site.  The storage areas will be surrounded by bunds with a capacity equal to 110% of the storage capacity of the largest tank to prevent spilled oil, fuel and chemicals from reaching the receiving waters. 

Given the priority of the conservation of Sha Lo Tung Valley as well as the public safety concern, the Ecological Reserve enhancement works and other minor works will be conducted in advance.  In order to meet the traffic demand during construction and facilitate the transportation of construction plants or raw materials to/from the Development Site as well as control of construction runoff, it is proposed to complete the road improvement works with drainage and sewerage systems prior to commencement of site formation works.  The works programme and the work sequence of the Project will be Ecological Reserve, Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement and Development Site Structures.

13.3.5                            Measures during the Operation of the Development Site

The following measures will be implemented during operation:

·            Burning of effigies and paper offerings in the Development Site (covers all locations in the Site including the Columbarium, Multi-cultural Education Retreat and open space) will be prohibited during the operation of the columbarium.  Prohibition of burning of effigies, paper offerings, candles and incense would be set out clearly in the sales and purchase agreement for buying the niches.  Staff would be stationed to enforce the rules and in-house management measures such as signage would be put in place to remind visitors.  Limited burning of incense and candles will be allowed only within the MCER on special supervised occasions with only one incense lit within the complex at all times; 

·            Designs of the Multi-Cultural Education Retreat and Columbarium (by provision of fencing and landscape planting) will manage visitors’ activities within the site and encourage them not to wander into the Ecological Reserve, particularly during festival days;

·            The wastewater generated on site will be discharged into the sewer connected to the public sewer at Ting Kok Road via improved Sha Lo Tung Road, and no wastewater will be discharged into watercourses.  Surface runoff on site will be diverted and discharged into the newly constructed stormwater drainage system within the Development Site and along the improved Sha Lo Tung Road following the existing drainage regime; 

·            Application of pesticides, insecticides and chemical fertilizers for the landscaping purpose and vegetation maintenance will be prohibited during operation.  Should organic fertilizers be used for encouraging the growth of planted vegetation, prior approval from the relevant authorities will be required;

·            Provision of a storage tank of minimum size of 180 m3 which is considerably sufficient to act as a buffer of approximately 3 days withholding time (usually the public holidays during Ching Ming and Chung Yeung Festival not more than 3 consecutive days) to cater for the abrupt increase in generated sewage during festival days, if the sewerage pumping system malfunctioned; and

·            The 60,000 niches will be sold in not less than 3 phases in 6 years, not more than 20,000 niches in each phase.  Before proceeding to each selling phase, the traffic management measures will be reviewed and reported to the relevant authorities, and revised as required by the relevant authorities. 

Special Arrangement during the Festival Days (During Operation Phase)

During the Ching Ming Festival and Chung Yeung Festival (i.e. Festive periods), there will be special arrangement to minimise the environmental impacts as well as the human disturbance to the surrounding sensitive areas such as SSSI, country parks and Sha Lo Tung Stream:

·            The Nature Interpretation Centre will also be closed during those days to avoid attracting people wander within the Ecological Reserve;

·            On site staffs will also patrol the Columbarium more frequent to ensure no incompatible activities to be undertaken, ie littering, burning of effigies and paper offerings; 

·            The number of visitors will be controlled by categorising the niches into two classes, namely Class A and Class B.  Class A (20,000 niches in total) buyers may visit the columbarium at any time, but prior booking will be required during the Festive periods.  Class B (40,000 niches in total) buyers will not be allowed to visit the columbarium during the Festive periods;

·            SLTDC will restrict the maximum number of visitors during Festive periods not more than 7,400 visitors per day;

·            During the Festive periods, only the proponent’s shuttle buses and emergency vehicles will be allowed to use Sha Lo Tung Road.  It should be noted that at present, the shuttle buses had to be hired from coach suppliers in view of the high demand and SLTDC would try to use electric vehicles as far as practicable; 

·            Visitors to the columbarium will not be allowed to walk up Sha Lo Tung Road unless directed by the Police when need arises.  Visitors will only be allowed to leave the columbarium through the shuttle buses so as to avoid human disturbance to Sha Lo Tung Valley;

·            Additional manpower will be arranged for crowd control.  It should be noted that the above arrangement only apply to visitors to columbarium, all visitors to the trails and Country Park will not be affected;

·            If the permanent sanitary (eg the closets and urinals) and/or the sewerage facilities (eg the pumping system and the storage tank) are malfunctioned during the festival days, the operator will also divert the visitors to use the portable chemical toilets to be located at the entrance of Sha Lo Tung Road.  Emergent maintenance for the malfunctioned facilities will be carried out as soon as practicable, ie night-time of the day.

13.3.6                            Measures of Minimizing Impacts on Air Quality 

Dust Control Measures for Development Site

·            A vehicle washing facility should be provided at the main exit of the construction site and water recaptured or discharged offsite via sand traps to the drainage paths away from the SSSI;

·            Excavated spoils should be covered or wetted, especially during the dry season;

·            Exposed surfaces should be sprayed with water or covered entirely to avoid fugitive dust emissions;

·            Areas where dusty work takes place should be sprayed with water immediately prior to, during and immediately after dusty activities so as to maintain the entire surface wet;

·            Temporary stockpiles of dusty materials, if any, should be covered entirely or sprayed with water;

·            During transportation by truck, materials should not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and should be dampened or covered before leaving the site;

·            Dusty loads transported by the trucks should be covered entirely to avoid any spillage onto public roads;

·            During air flushing for soil nail drilling, dust screens should be provided at the three sides of the drilling machine and the soil nailing area to avoid fugitive dust emissions; and

·            Diesel-powered equipment should be properly maintained to avoid black smoke emissions.

·            During operation, in-house management measures such as signage to remind visitors of the prohibition on burning effigies. 

·            Depending on the technology available during operation of the Development Site, electric shuttle bus will be used for the visitors during normal day.  During festive period, SLTDC would try to use electric shuttle buses as far as practicable to further minimize the air impact.

Dust Control Measures for Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement Works

·            Excavated spoils should be covered or wetted, especially during the dry season;

·            Exposed surfaces should be kept wet always or entirely covered to avoid fugitive dust emissions;

·            During transportation by truck, materials should not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and should be dampened or covered before leaving the site;

·            Dusty loads transported by the trucks should be covered entirely to avoid any spillage onto public roads;

·            During air flushing for soil nail drilling, dust screens should be provided at the three sides of the drilling machine and the soil nailing area to avoid fugitive dust emissions; and

·            Diesel-powered equipment should be properly maintained to avoid black smoke emissions.

13.3.7                            Measures of Minimizing Impacts on Noise

Construction Phase

In view of the predicted noise exceedances during the construction of the Project, the following mitigation measures will be implemented.

·            Good Site Practice;

·            Use of quiet PME; and

·            Adoption of movable noise barriers (for Road Improvement Works Phase 1 only).

Operational Phase

·            Choose quieter equipment; 

·            Include noise levels specification when ordering new plant items;

·            Locate fixed plant items or noise emission points away from the NSRs as far as practicable;

·            Locate noisy machines in completely enclosed plant rooms or buildings with suitable and practicable noise remedies;

·            Develop and implement a regularly scheduled plant maintenance programme so that plant items are properly operated and serviced; and

·            While no adverse noise impact is expected due to the road traffic noise from the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement, two 24-seats shuttle buses which depending on the technology available could be electricity driven, will be provided for serving the visitors during normal days to further minimise the traffic noise.  During festive periods, shuttle buses will be hired from coach suppliers and SLTDC would try to use electric vehicles as far as practicable. 

13.3.8                            Measures of Minimizing Impacts on Water Quality

In order to minimise the impacts of wastewater/ runoff generated on site to the nearby Water Sensitive Receivers, mitigation measures and good site practices will be adopted during the construction and operation phases of the Project based on the ProPECC PN 1/94 and ProPECC PN 5/93.  The following described the key practices and measures to be adopted:

Ecological Reserve

·            Conduct all the works during dry season and using hand tools; 

·            Locate the footing of the temporary footbridge at bare land and avoid vegetated areas as much as practical;

·            Avoid or minimize vegetation removal as much as possible;

·            Restricting the number of workers within the Ecological Reserve during construction;

·            Regularly check the work site boundaries to ensure that they are not breached and that damage does not occur to surrounding habitats in particular the secondary woodland and Sha Lo Tung streams; and,

·            No pesticide or herbicide be used for pest and weed control.

Development Site

·            Restrict Earthworks to the Dry Season.  Earthworks within the Development Site will only be undertaken during the dry season (November through March) in order to avoid the risk of construction runoff reaching ecological sensitive areas. 

·            Adoption of Construction Sequences.  To limit the size of exposed areas and volume of the surface runoff, the construction activities will be carried out sequentially rather than in parallel.  The site formation works in the northern part of the Development Area will be carried out at a later phase to avoid early exposure of the soil and hence to prevent muddy water from spilling over into the Sha Lo Tung SSSI and Sha Lo Tung Stream. 

·            Provision of Temporary Drainage Channels and Silt Removal Facility.  Peripheral temporary drainage channels (special designed U-channel, like a “J” shape will be used) should be constructed along the lower side of all of the works areas within the Development Site prior to the commencement of the construction works.  All of the natural surface run-off will be collected by the temporary drainage system with a sufficient number of sandtraps and oil interceptors and then discharged to the newly constructed stormwater drainage system along Sha Lo Tung Road.  The effectiveness of the sand trap will be checked and maintained regularly.  The sand traps should be cleaned out when the volume of settled sediments amounts to 10% of the total volume of the trap.

·            Separate Temporary Drainage System for Natural Runoff.  The surface runoff from the Site will be separated from the natural hinterland surface runoff by deployment of two drainage systems.  

·            Erection of Site Hoardings and Chain-link Fence with Seal.  Continuous site hoarding and chain-link fence will be erected along the temporary drainage system enclosing the entire Development Site.  The hoardings and chain-link fence should be firmly attached to the channel (any gaps are to be filled and cemented) to avoid any accidental spilling over the peripheral channel to the nearby streams. 

·            Daily Inspection.  Green Power will provide a Conservation Specialist to stay on-site during the construction phase.  The Green Power representative will inspect the site daily to inspect of the sandtraps and channels and check the implementation and effectiveness of the runoff control measures.  The person will have the authority to stop the construction works should the implementation and effectiveness of the runoff control measures not be satisfactory.

·            Appropriate sanitary facilities, such as portable chemical toilets, will be employed at the areas where the temporary connection is not feasible during construction.  Portable chemical toilets should be deployed at a location as far away from the SSSI as possible and at least 320m away from Sha Lo Tung Stream.  The toilets should also be surrounded by temporary interceptor drains and appropriately mounted. 

·            During operation, the sewage storage tank will be located at least 40 m away from Sha Lo Tung Stream.  An adequately maintained duty pump with a 100% standby pumping capacity and alternative power supply will be provided to address pumping requirements in emergency situations. 

·            Regular inspection and maintenance for the storage tanks, piping materials and joints of sewers will be conducted during operation to ensure that leakage of sewage effluent from the tank and pipeline does not occur. 

·            If leakage or spillage of sewerage does occur during operation, it should be contained and cleaned up promptly.

Improvement to Sha Lo Tung Road (excluded sections within the Development Site boundary)

·            Arrange the Earthworks to maximise avoidance of the Wet Season.  All the earthworks particularly close to the WSRs including Sha Lo Tung SSSI, stream and Fung Yuen Valley SSSI, will be undertaken during the dry season (November to March) in order to avoid the risk of construction runoff overflow to the downstream ecological sensitive areas. 

·            Construction sequence will be well managed in order to limit the volume of surface runoff and treated effluent generated on-site, in particular during the wet season.  In order to limit the size of the exposed area and volume of the surface runoff, the construction activities will be carried out phase by phase rather than in parallel. 

·            Provision of temporary drainage channels during construction.  At least two temporary sandtraps connecting with temporary surface drainage will be proposed at each phase of road improvement works (except Phase 3) prior to discharging into the nearest watercourse to avoid any excessive sediment or blockage of existing natural drainage system.  All of the surface run-off generated along the section close to Sha Lo Tung Valley (approximately half of the Phase 3) will be collected by the temporary drainage system with a sufficient number of sandtraps (with sufficient capacity) and oil interceptors and then discharged to the newly constructed stormwater drainage system along the improved Sha Lo Tung Road. 

·            During operation phase, the runoff from the concrete paved areas including the improved Sha Lo Tung Road and car park will be collected using back of kerb filter drains and trapped roads gullies to Highways Department’s standard drawings H3110.  The gullies on the access road and car park within the Development Site will discharge to a piped drainage system linked by backdrop catchpits and collected in a pumping station located beneath the car park.  The collected run-off will then be pumped back over the crest of the access road and back into the structured highway drainage system that ultimately connects to the existing stormwater system in Ting Kok Road.

Construction Works within Water Gathering Ground (WGG)

For all works within the WGG, the Contractor will be required to comply with the recommended practical measures to ensure that no pollution or siltation occurs to the catchment.  The recommended mitigation measures for the water quality may later on form the “Conditions for Working within the WGG” to be specified by the WSD.  The Conditions will apply, through the permit process; in totality to the Project. 

13.3.9                            Mitigation Measures Regarding Sewerage and Sewage Treatment

Assuming sewage will be discharged to the nearby existing sewage system (i.e. Tai Po STW via public sewer at Tai Po Industrial Estate), the following mitigation measures are proposed:

·            Installation of an approximately 2 km long 225 mm diameter twin sewerage rising mains from the Development Site running along Sha Lo Tung Road to the existing sewerage network at Ting Kok Road;

·            Installation of a stand-by pump (with a 100% standby pumping capacity) in case of mal-function of the working pump;

·            Construction of a storage tank (fitted with a level indicator and a high level alarm system, designed and constructed to comply with the Buildings (Standards of Sanitary Fitments, Plumbing, Drainage Works and Latrines) Regulations (Cap 123I) reg. 47A) of minimum 180m3 capacity, to give approximately three days withholding time over maximum visitor attendance over festival periods to cater for the situation if the pumping facilities malfunctioned. Other requirements of WSD on the design and details of construction will be complied with through the circulation of drainage plans to the Building Authority;

·            As a statutory requirement, the storage tank and all sewers within the WGGs will be designed and constructed to comply with the Buildings (Standards of Sanitary Fitments, Plumbing, Drainage Works and Latrines) Regulations (Cap 123I) reg. 47A to ensure that they are watertight.  Through the circulation of drainage plans to the Building Authority, other requirements of WSD on the design and details of construction will be complied.  As such, the risk of leakage of sewage from the sewerage system is considered to be very low, through the use of the best quality piping materials (typical example: vitrified clay or PVC or concrete pipe, which are common materials for sewer and are anti-corrosive; materials selected will subject to result of detailed design of proposed sewerage) and provision of hatch box access covers within chambers, and 

·            A deodorizing facility (e.g. activated carbon) will be installed at the exhaust of the storage tank to control odour.  With the installation of a proper deodorizing facility and very infrequent temporary onsite storage of sewer, no potential odour nuisance to public is envisaged. 

An assessment of the impacts of sewage generation during festival days has also been considered.  With the following measures to manage the increase in sewage generation, no adverse impacts to the sewerage system are expected:

·            Provision of adequate permanent water closets and urinals in the complex;

·            Emptying of the sewage storage tank before and immediately after the festivals; and

·            Provision of portable toilets at the pick up/drop off point at the entrance of Sha Lo Tung road, next to Ting Kok Road for contingency purpose. All of them will be surrounded by temporary intercept drains for contingency purpose.  Cleaning up of these toilets will be conducted in mid-day such that the number of persons using a portable toilet could be maximized and the leakage from the toilets could be minimized.  Should the permanent sanitary facilities in the Development Site be closed due to malfunction or emergency maintenance, additional portable toilets can be arranged within a short period of time to cater the visitors.

13.3.10                        Mitigation Measures Regarding Waste Management

The hierarchy of waste management implemented is as follows:

·            Avoidance and reduction;

·            Reuse of materials;

·            Recovery and recycling; and

·            Treatment and disposal.

Potential waste impacts can be minimised through the implementation of recommended good site management programme including the following key mitigation measures:

Construction of Development Site and Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement

·            The in-situ excavated materials should be optimised for reuse in backfilling during detailed design stage;

·            Should there be any requirement for the temporary storage of excavated materials destined for reuse within the Project, the stockpile of such materials will be placed within a designated area measuring about 3m x 20m in the southern part of the Development Site;

·            Appropriate measures should be employed to minimise windblown litter and dust during transportation by either covering trucks or transporting wastes in enclosed containers;

·            The necessary waste disposal permits should be obtained from the appropriate authorities, if they are required, in accordance with the Waste Disposal Ordinance Cap 354, Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation Cap 354 and the Land (Miscellaneous Provision) Ordinance Cap 28;

·            Chemical waste shall be handled and stored in accordance with the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes to minimise any danger to health of risk and pollution to the environment. Under the Chemical Waste Regulations, all producers of chemical waste should register with EPD;

·            The Construction Waste Disposal Charging Scheme was launched on 1 December 2005 and the charging for disposal of construction waste commenced on 20 January 2006.  Through the Charging Scheme, construction waste producers (i.e. contractors) are encouraged to reduce, sort and recycle construction waste, in particular the wood materials, so that their disposal costs can be minimised and valuable landfill space can be preserved;

·            A trip-ticket system (TTS) will also be established in accordance with Development Bureau Technical Circular No.6/2010 to monitor the disposal of construction waste at the Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank or other approved designated public fill facilities, and to control fly-tipping.  The trip-ticket system will be included as one of the contractual requirements and implemented by the contractor;

·            In order to fully implement the TTS, it is recommended that warning signs should be put up at all vehicle accesses to remind the drivers of dump truck of the proper designated disposal outlet and the penalties of offence.  Close-circuited television (CCTV) is recommended to be installed at the access points to monitor and prevent illegal dumping, especially during night time.  Site fences should be installed to prevent illegal dumping at non-designated area within the Site; and

·            A Waste Management Plan (WMP) as a part of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) should be prepared by the Contractor prior to the commencement of construction as part of the contractual requirement.  The WMP should be prepared in accordance with ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 which describes the arrangements for avoidance, reuse, recovery, recycling, storage, collection, treatment and disposal of different categories of waste to be generated from the construction activities. 

Operational Phase of the Development Site

·            Potential waste impacts can be minimised through the implementation of waste management program.

13.3.11                        Measures of Minimizing Impacts on Ecology

Ecological Reserve

·            Only small scale works will be undertaken within the Ecological Reserve during the construction phase of the project.  With the implementation of recommended good construction practice, no adverse ecological impact is anticipated for these small scale works.

·            Further to the implementation of the Conservation Management Plan, the ecological value of the Ecological reserve will expect to be enhanced.

Development Site

·            Detailed engineering design to minimise habitat and vegetation loss.  The preliminary Master Layout Plan preserved majority of the secondary woodland (in which only 0.03 ha would be affected).  Provision of an additional 20 m wide non-building buffer between the Sha Lo Tung SSSI and construction activities in Development Site should be strictly implemented.

·            Prevention of Construction Runoff from Polluting the Nearby Watercourse and Ecological Sensitive Areas by implementation of the recommended water quality mitigation measures (Section 13.3.8). 

·            Avoidance of Encroachment onto Country Park and SSSI.  Demarcate the boundary of Pat Sin Leng Country Park, Conservation Area, Sha Lo Tung SSSI and the Development Site prior the commencement of construction activities.  The works site should be enclosed by site hoarding which will restrict all of the work activities within the Development Site boundary.

·            Vegetation Transplantation.  The affected individuals of Bamboo Orchid and Willow-leaved Camellia (if any) will be transplanted to suitable nearby habitats prior to the construction phase as far as practicable. 

·            Implementation of good site practice during construction phase including erection of fences along the boundary of the works area before the commencement of works, restricting the number of workers and requesting workers do not enter the ecologically sensitive areas, regularly checking the work site boundaries, reinstatement of temporarily affected areas immediately through on-site tree/shrub planting and no night time construction works.

·            Implementation of recommended visitor control measures during the operation of Development Site.   

Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement

·            Detailed Engineering Design Avoiding Habitat and Vegetation Loss

-       The soil-nails will be installed carefully to avoid existing trees and therefore of limited disturbance to the existing soil and vegetation on the surface.  The impact is expected to be temporary and limited disturbance on the secondary woodland.  The finished slope surface can be planted for landscaping purpose. 

-       The works boundary along Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement will be carefully designed avoid encroachment onto nearby secondary woodland as well as other mature trees.  The construction work activities will be restricted to the proposed road alignment, cut slope and soil nailing.

-       Avoid the loss of plant species of conservation interest including Incense Tree, Lamb of Tartary, Hong Kong Pavetta, Cycad Fern, Common Tutcheria and Rhodoleia by adjusting/ fine-tuning the detailed engineering design of the improvement of Sha Lo Tung Road whenever possible. 

-       If the loss cannot be avoided due to the engineering constraint, the affected individuals will be transplanted to a similar habitat in the vicinity or within the Development Site or Ecological Reserve.   

·            Prevent construction runoff from polluting the nearby watercourse and ecological sensitive areas by implementation of the recommended water quality mitigation measures (Section 13.3.8).

·            Implementation of good site practice during construction phase including erection of fences along the boundary of the works area before the commencement of works, regularly checking the work site boundaries and reinstatement of temporarily affected areas immediately through on-site tree/shrub planting.

Compensatory Planting for Development Site and Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement

·            The Project will provide approximately 2 ha of compensatory tree and shrub planting for the loss of secondary woodland (approximately 0.03 ha due to the Development Site and approximately 0.2 ha due to the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement) and plantation (approximately 0.43 ha due to the Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement).  The compensatory planting will be planted on-site, within the Development Site and the Ecological Reserve.  The cut slopes along the improved Sha Lo Tung Road (with approximately 0.47 ha in total) will also be planted with native shrubs and trees or hydroseeded subject to the gradients.

13.3.12                        Measures of Minimizing Landscape and Visual Impacts

Locating Development back from the Sha Lo Tung SSSI and Stream

·            In addition to the proposed 20m buffer setback for development from the “SSSI” zone, building works along the southern edge of this setback are limited to that for the proposed parking area and the northern lower building of the Multi-Cultural Education Retreat.  As this use occupies only a short section of this linear buffer boundary and the remaining area is landscaped, the visual impact of such uses close to the SSSI zone is significantly reduced.

Programme of Implementation of Landscape and Visual Mitigation Measures

·            Design phase mitigation measures will be carried out before construction, and Construction phase mitigation will be carried out during the construction phase of the project.

·            A Landscape Master Plan has been prepared which shows the landscape that will be installed as part of the development.  The Landscape and Visual Mitigation Plan also identifies specific mitigation measures for the Development Site, the Ecological Reserve and the Sha Lo Tung Road improvement works.

Design Phase Mitigation Measures

·            Design of Structures.  During the design phase of the development, architectural features such as eaves, cladding, materials and finishes etc. will be detailed.  All of these elements will greatly improve the appearance of the structures.  Built structures will utilise appropriate designs to complement the surrounding landscape, including a stepped form that respects the site contours.

·            Colours.  Colours for the structures can be used to complement the surrounding area.  Lighter colours such as shades of light grey, off-white and light brown may be utilised to reduce the visibility of the structures.

·            Green Roofs.  While sensitive location of the required structures and connecting access routes within the Development Site helps minimise the construction impact, extensive provision of flat roofing for all structures within the site offers potential ‘greening’ benefits such as collection of rainwater and planting to minimise visual impact.  Such treatment allows the development concession uses to better blend into the rural character of the Valley. 

Construction Phase Mitigation Measures

·            Car Park Tree Planting.  Advanced trees are to be planted to provide shade to the car park areas and to reduce the mass of the paved areas.

·            Retention of Existing Trees.  Existing trees without conflict with the building structures will be retained to reduce landscape and visual impacts on the site.

·            Compensatory Planting.  Where vegetation must be removed, the felled trees within the Development Site and along Sha Lo Tung Road will be compensated with new planting tree numbers at a ratio of minimum 3:1.  The exact number of compensatory trees will subject to the results of Tree Felling Application.

·            Columbarium Courtyard Planting.  The internal courtyards and areas surrounding the new development will be landscaped to integrate the buildings into the landscape.

·            Open Grassland and Lawn Areas.  Areas of open grassland/lawns will be created to provide areas for passive recreation and to complement the surrounding grassland areas.

·            Buffer Planting.  Trees and shrubs will be planted around much of the site boundaries to screen the development and help integrate the development into the surrounding landscape.

·            Stream Creation.  Streams containing pools and riffles will be created to create a natural and harmonious landscape within the development.  It must be noted that these features will not be connected in any way to the natural stream bordering the site.

·            Early Planting Works.  New plantings are to be installed in available and formed lands during the construction works to reduce landscape impacts.

·            Transplantation of Plants.  In addition, plant materials that are in conflict with the development, that are in suitably good condition and of ecological value will also be transplanted.

·            Soil Stabilisation and Embankment Planting.  During the design process a soil stabilisation and embankment planting strategy should ensure that land affected by slope excavation can be replanted.  Soil preparation and the selection and provision of suitable growing medium are to be completed in accordance with the relevant best practice guidelines.

·            Cut Stabilisation Areas of cut to be Stabilized for Operational Requirements.  Materials and finishes of stabilization to be selected to complement the surrounding landscape.  All landscape stabilisation measures must conform to GEO 1/2000 – Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bio-engineering of Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls.

·            Colour of Site Hoarding.  In order to mitigate the visual impact of these temporary hoardings, it is recommended that the hoardings be erected at a uniform height, with a uniform colour that complements the existing landscape.

Cultivation of Areas Impacted

·            Areas impacted during the construction phase that are not required during the operation phase, are to be cultivated to a depth of 300mm in accordance with accepted Hong Kong practice and guidelines.  The cultivation shall involve ripping of compacted soil by mechanical means.  Great care must be taken to avoid any run-off into the existing streams. Therefore this mitigation measure is not to be adopted in areas sloping towards any existing watercourses. 

Quality Control of Imported Materials

·            Appropriate quality control measures are to be used to ensure that all imported materials including but not limited to soils, mulches, plants etc. are to be free of pests and contaminants that may adversely affect the surrounding environment.  All landscape construction works are to be supervised by suitably trained professionals.

13.3.13                        Measures of Minimizing Impacts on Cultural Heritage

·            No mitigation measure is required for the proposed Ecological Reserve and the five graves in the Development Site due to agreed relocation.

·            If laying of drainage pipes is considered necessary adjacent to the earth shrine (LF01), it is recommended that the construction method be reviewed to avoid and minimise potential construction vibration impact to LF01.  If potential construction vibration is considered unavoidable, a vibration monitoring should be conducted by the construction contractor during the construction work adjacent to LF01. 

·            During the construction stage, the construction contractor should ensure visitors’ safe access to the LF01.  A temporary fence with access entrance should also be erected to prevent any direct impact to LF01 during the construction work. 

·            An archaeological monitoring at the southern section of the proposed Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement alignment is recommended during construction stage to preserve potentially impacted archaeological resources by record.   The need and the scope of the archaeological monitoring should be reviewed during the detailed design of construction works at the concerned area and agreement to be made with AMO.

13.4                                  Environmental Monitoring and Audit

Monitoring of noise, stream water quality, stream hydrology, ecology (species composition and relative abundance of riparian vegetation, adult odonate and fish communities) and cultural heritage are required during the construction phase.  Baseline monitoring will also be required prior to construction commencement to establish the baseline conditions for ecology, stream water quality and hydrology.  Post project (or construction) or operation monitoring for stream water quality and ecology will also be required.   

13.5                                  Environmental Outcomes

The environmental impact assessment (covering air quality, noise, water quality, sewerage and sewage, waste management, ecology, landscape and visual, and cultural heritage) has concluded that no unacceptable residual environmental impacts are envisaged due to the construction and operation of the Project. 

13.6                                  Environmental Benefit

13.6.1                            With Project Scenario

Sha Lo Tung Development Company (SLTDC) will dedicate private housing lots (approximately 0.8 ha) and private agricultural lots (approximately 26 ha) in the Sha Lo Tung Valley and agricultural lots in the adjacent Country Park (approximately 2 ha) for conservation purposes.  An Ecological Reserve (approximately 52.5 ha) will be established on ecologically sensitive land in the Valley comprising land dedicated by SLTDC and government land.  The Ecological Reserve is anticipated to enhance to the ecology of the Sha Lo Tung Valley, achieved by preventing unauthorised incompatible activities, managing and restoring habitats at the “optimal” succession state, and by enhancing grassland and woodland habitat.  Additionally, a Nature Interpretation Centre providing nature education activities to promote awareness, appreciation and understanding of the ecological value of the area, will be built adjacent to the Ecological Reserve in the Development Site. 

The conservation management and funding of the SLT Ecological Reserve will be overseen by the Government statutory fund.  The Development Site (of approximately 4.1 ha) is outside of the Country Park and Conservation Area.  Besides the Nature Conservation Centre, the Development Site accommodates the necessary development concession in the form of a Multi-Cultural Education Retreat cum Columbarium (with a development footprint of approximately 1.625 ha (includes the Nature Interpretation Centre, public parking, footpaths landscaping areas and associated site formation) in a non-ecologically sensitive area at the entrance to the Valley.  These concession facilities provide revenue to payback the initial set up cost and upfront capital injected by the SLTDC to sustain long term operation of the Ecological Reserve.  Sha Lo Tung Road Improvement also lies outside of the Country Park and Conservation Area.  The existing Sha Lo Tung Road (approximately 2.3 km) will be upgraded to Single Track standard with minimum required number of passing bays to meet the requirements of the Transport Department and Fire Services Department and provide safe public access to the Ecological Reserve, Development Site and Country Park.

The Pilot Project for Public-Private Conservation Scheme, Sha Lo Tung Valley, Tai Po is proposed to be the pilot project under the scheme of Public-Private Partnership (PPP).  This proposal establishes the framework for a public-private partnership to conserve the Sha Lo Tung Valley.  Under the current proposal, Sha Lo Tung Valley will be ensured of long-term active conservation management in which the ecologically sensitive areas currently located on private land owned by the SLTDC will be protected. 

The Development Site is located in areas of less ecological concern (mainly shrubland grassland mosaic) and avoids all of the ecological sensitive areas, including Country Park, SSSIs and Sha Lo Tung streams as well as the wet abandoned agricultural land.  Further to the detailed assessment presented in the above sections, ecological impacts due to the development (including minor works in the Ecological Reserve and widening works of Sha Lo Tung Road), no unacceptable ecological impacts are expected during the construction and operational phases. 

With the implementation of the Conservation Management Plan, human disturbance of the Ecological Reserve will be largely reduced/ controlled.  Disturbance due to hillfire, visitors and vandalism would be controlled by pro-active management, including patrolling and conservation education.  Under the Sha Lo Tung pilot project, an aggressive fire-suppression programme will be implemented to prevent the occurrence of hill fires (recently recorded within Sha Lo Tung Valley).  Rubbish and illegal traps would also be constantly removed by site managers.  As a consequence, the proposed development is expected to bring about long term ecological benefits to Sha Lo Tung Valley.

The PPP pilot scheme will not only avoid and minimise ecological impacts but will enhance the conservation value of Sha Lo Tung Valley through the following actions:

·            The project proponent has entered into mutual agreements with village representatives to divert New Territories Exempted House (NTEH) demand amounting to 160 NTEH sites outside the Sha Lo Tung valley and dedicate all its land (including 236 building lots) for conservation.  This removes large scale village expansion as a threat to the ecological integrity and conservation value of the valley; and,

·            It protects the area by controlling site access and enhances the ecological values by active management.

13.6.2                            Without Project Scenario

The remnants of three village settlements, Cheung Uk, Lei Uk and Lo Wai, which were settled over 300 years ago, now lie abandoned surrounded by mature woodland and abandoned agricultural fields.  A recognised village burial ground exists on the eastern knoll at the entrance of the Valley.  While the villagers have left, their traditional rights to New Territories Exempt Housing (NTEH) in the Sha Lo Tung Valley, are still valid.  In 1996, the District Officer/Tai Po advised that these rights would require some 160 NTEH sites.  Under the prevailing Outline Zoning Plan No. S/NE-SLT/4, building of new NTEH house is always permitted within “Village” zone.  The building of new NTEH houses within the Sha Lo Tung Valley will increase human disturbance to the wildlife and there would also be long term associated sewerage and waste disposal impacts to the Valley.  On top of these, the villages include 240 building lots totalling some 9,849.4 sq m of land, which allows development of housing as of right up to some 29,000 sq m GFA.  Should building of new NTEH houses be permitted within SLT Valley, the potential impacts that may deteriorate the quality of the Sha Lo Tung Valley include, but are not limited to:

·            Uncontrolled surface runoff or waste water or sewage discharge may lead to deterioration of the water quality of the Sha Lo Tung perennial streams and the Sha Lo Tung SSSI (which are important odonate and fish habitats and of ecological significance) and threaten the survival of the stream fauna in particular the larval stage of the odonate community, other stream macroinvertebrates and freshwater fish;

·            Potential impacts to the surrounding habitats and ecologically sensitive areas including Country Park, SSSIs, Conservation Area and natural streams, and associated wildlife due to uncontrolled increased human activity, noise disturbance, uncontrolled lighting or hill fire within Sha Lo Tung Valley;

·            Uncontrolled or illegal dumping/ waste disposal may deteriorate the surrounding habitats and ecologically sensitive areas including Country Park, SSSIs, Conservation Area and natural streams, and impact on the associated wildlife;

·            Stream water extraction for domestic uses may affect the downstream aquatic community;

·            Potential impacts due to infrastructure and utility installation and maintenance within the Sha Lo Tung Valley; and

·            Uncontrolled fishing, vegetation collection and removal may affect the aquatic and floral communities within the Sha Lo Tung Valley.

Being served by an access road and as one of the major entrances to the Pat Sin Leng Country Park, Sha Lo Tung Area is a nodal point of a number of popular walking trails.  However, being excluded from the Country Park itself, four wheel drive enthusiasts and war-gamers have also made the abandoned villages and farmland their haven.  Illegal immigrants have also been found removing vegetation or even robbing hikers and the then remaining inhabitants (who were then operating small shops serving weekend visitors).

Despite widespread appreciation amongst the public, conservationists and the scientific community that the specialised and diverse dragonfly fauna associated with the stream course and riparian habitats here are in urgent need of active conservation, and despite of the statutory protection afforded by the Outline Zoning Plan (OZP), these and other habitats in the Valley are and continue to be abused by incompatible recreation activities.  Neglect of the site in terms of a total lack of conservation management is also taking a steady toll, with natural succession slowly but relentlessly altering the open habitats so prized by the dragonfly fauna.  Eventually these habitats will become so densely vegetated that Hong Kong will lose one of its most unique ecological settings.

Reconciling the needs of nature conservation on the one hand with human use expectations on the other can not realistically be achieved without this Project, leaving the Valley currently unmanaged and effectively unprotected.  It should also be noted that the habitat quality within Sha Lo Tung Valley is degrading due to threats such as use of four wheel drive vehicles, hill fires, war games and vegetation removal.