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Development of Organic Waste Treatment
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report
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3rd Floor, West Wing, 88 Victoria Road,
Kennedy Town, Hong Kong |
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Mott MacDonald, 20/F
AIA Kowloon Tower, Landmark East, 100 How Ming Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon,
Hong Kong |
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This
document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific
purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be
relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. |
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We
accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied
upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing
any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied
to us by other parties This
document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual
property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and
from the party which commissioned it. |
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Content
Chapter Title
1.1 Background
1.2 Purpose
of the EIA Study
1.3 Objectives
of the EIA Study
1.4 Approach to the EIA Study
1.5 Structure
of the EIA Report
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Site
Location and History
2.3 Need
for the Project
2.4 Project
Design Outline
2.5 Consideration
of Alternative Options
2.6 Project
Planning and Implementation
2.7 Project
Interactions
3. Air
Quality Impact Assessment
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Environmental
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
3.3 Assessment
Area and Sensitive Receivers
3.4 Description
of the Existing Environment/ Background Air Quality
3.5 Emissions
Inventory
3.6 Assessment
Methodology
3.7 Prediction
and Evaluation of Environmental Impact
3.8 Mitigation
of Adverse Environmental Impact
3.9 Evaluation
of Residual Impact
3.10 Environmental
Monitoring and Audit
3.11 Conclusion
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Scope
and Objectives
4.3 Risk
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
4.4 Hazard
Assessment Methodology
4.5 Hazard
Identification
4.6 Frequency
Analysis
4.7 Consequence
Analysis
4.8 Risk
Assessment
4.9 Recommendations
4.10 Conclusion
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Environmental
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
5.3 Study
Area and Sensitive Receivers
5.4 Description
of the Existing Environment
5.5 Background
Noise Condition
5.6 Assessment
Methodology
5.7 Identification
of Potential Noise Impact
5.8 Prediction
and Evaluation of Noise Impact
5.9 Mitigation
of Adverse Noise Impact
5.10 Evaluation
of Residual Impact
5.11 Environmental
Monitoring and Audit
5.12 Conclusion
6. Water
Quality Impact Assessment
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Environmental
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
6.3 Project
Description
6.4 Assessment
Area and Sensitive Receivers
6.5 Description
of the Existing Environment/ Background Water Quality
6.6 Assessment
Methodology
6.7 Identification
of Environmental Impact
6.8 Prediction,
Evaluation and Mitigation of Environmental Impact
6.9 Cumulative
Impact
6.10 Evaluation
of Residual Impact
6.11 Environmental
Monitoring and Audit
6.12 Conclusion
7. Waste
Management Implications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Environmental
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
7.3 Assessment
Methodology
7.4 Identification
of Environmental Impact
7.5 Prediction and
Evaluation of Environmental Impact
7.6 Mitigation of
Adverse Environmental Impacts
7.7 Evaluation of
Residual Impacts
7.8 Environmental
Monitoring and Audit
7.9 Conclusion
8. Ecological
Impact Assessment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Environmental
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
8.3 Assessment
Area and Survey Methodology
8.4 Ecological
Baseline Information
8.5 Evaluation of
the Habitats and Species
8.6 Identification
and Evaluation of Potential Ecological Impacts
8.7 Mitigation
Measures
8.8 Cumulative
Impact
8.9 Evaluation of
Residual Impacts
8.10 Environmental
Monitoring and Audit
8.11 Conclusion
8.12 References
9. Fisheries
Impact Assessment
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Environmental Legislation,
Standards and Guidelines
9.3 Assessment
Methodology
9.4 Description of
the Existing Environment
9.5 Description
and Quantification of existing pond culture activities and fisheries resources
9.6 Identification,
Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impact
9.7 Mitigation of
Adverse Environmental Impact
9.8 Evaluation of
Residual Impact
9.9 Environmental
Monitoring and Audit Requirement
9.10 Conclusion
9.11 References
10. Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Environmental
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
10.3 Assessment Area
10.4 Assessment
Methodology
10.5 Review of
Planning and Development Control Framework
10.6 Baseline Study
10.7 Landscape Impact
Assessment
10.8 Visual Impact
Assessment
10.9 Conclusion
11. Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Environmental
Legislation, Standards and Guidelines
11.3 Assessment
Methodology
11.4 Desk-based
Study Findings
11.5 Identification
of Environmental Impact
11.6 Prediction of
Environmental Impact
11.7 Evaluation of
Environmental Impact
11.8 Mitigation of
Adverse Environmental Impact
11.9 Evaluation of
Residual Impact
11.10 Environmental
Monitoring and Audit
11.11 Conclusion
12. Environmental
Monitoring and Audit Requirements
12.1 General
12.2 Air Quality
Impact
12.3 Hazard to Life
12.4 Noise Impact
12.5 Water Quality
Impact
12.6 Waste
Management Implications
12.7 Ecological
Impact
12.8 Fisheries
Impact
12.9 Landscape and
Visual Impact
12.10 Cultural
Heritage Impact
13. Summary of Environmental Outcomes
13.1 General
13.2 Air Quality
Impact
13.3 Hazard to Life
13.4 Noise Impact
13.5 Water Quality
Impact
13.6 Waste
Management Implications
13.7 Ecological
Impact
13.8 Fisheries
Impact
13.9 Landscape and
Visual Impact
13.10 Cultural
Heritage Impact
14. Implementation Schedule of
Mitigation Measures
Tables
Table 2.1: Waste
to Landfill in Hong Kong, by Region and by Type in 2011, Tonnes
Table 2.2: Main
Project Facilities and Systems
Table 2.3: Description
of Key Components and Process Flow
Table 2.4: Overview
of Material Flow and Mass Balance within the Composting Process
Table 2.5: Estimated
Wastewater Treatment Requirements at the OWTF 2
Table 2.6: Summary
of Appraisal of Organic Waste Treatment Technology Options
Table 2.7: Indicative
Milestones for Key Project Stages
Table 2.8: Responses
from Potential Interfacing Project Proponents
Table 3.1: Hong
Kong Air Quality Objectives
Table 3.2: Proposed
Air Quality Standards for Other Potential Emissions
Table 3.3: Representative
ASRs Identified for Assessment
Table 3.4: 5-year
Annual Average Concentration at Tai Po Air Quality Monitoring Station (Year
2007-2011)
Table 3.5: Key
Dust Emission Factors to be adopted in the Assessment
Table 3.6: Process
comparison between OWTF 1 and OWTF 2
Table 3.7: Operational
Emissions comparison between OWTF 1 CHP and OWTF 2 CHP
Table 3.8: Operational
Emissions comparison between OWTF 1 and OWTF 2 odour treatment units
Table 3.9: Operational
Emissions comparison between OWTF 1 flare and OWTF 2 flare
Table 3.10: Traffic
Flows of Man Kam To Road and Kong Nga Po Road
Table 3.11: Vehicle
Classification in the EMFAC-HK Model
Table 3.12: Breakdown
percentage of splitting 12 vehicle classes into EMFAC-HKv2.5.1 defined vehicle
classes
Table 3.13: Construction
modelling results summary (Tier 1 mitigated scenario)
Table 3.14: Cumulative
operation modelling results summary (Mitigated)
Table 4.1: Implementation
Programme of OWTF 2
Table 4.2: Population
and Traffic Data Sources
Table 4.3: Temporal
Changes in Population for Various Categories
Table 4.4: Indoor/
Outdoor Ratios for Different Population Categories
Table 4.5: Time
Modes for Temporal Variation of Road Population
Table 4.6: 16-hour
Average Occupancy of Different Classes of Vehicle [6]
Table 4.7: Current
Residential and Employment Population (2012) and Future Population (2017)
around OWTF 2 Project Site
Table 4.8: Current
Traffic Population (2012) and Future Traffic Population (2017) around OWTF 2
Project Site
Table 4.9: Daytime
Weather Conditions (Ta Kwu Ling Weather Station 2010)
Table 4.10: Night-time
Weather Conditions (Ta Kwu Ling Weather Station 2010)
Table 4.11: Composition
of Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process
Table 4.12: Summary
of Biogas or Methane Incidents
Table 4.13: Properties
of Biogas (Natural Gas)
Table 4.14: Possible
hazardous scenarios and hazardous outcomes in OWTF 2
Table 4.15: Summary
of Spontaneous Failures Frequencies
Table 4.16: U.S
Scheduled Airline Accident Rate [18]
Table 4.17: Hong
Kong International Airport Civil International Air Transport Movements of
Aircraft
Table 4.18: Aircraft
Crash Frequency onto the OWTF 2 Site
Table 4.19: Hong
Kong Vehicle Accident Involvements
Table 4.20: Summary
of Base Event Frequencies
Table 4.21: Assumptions
used in FTA
Table 4.22: Ignition
and Explosion Probabilities for Gas Releases
Table 4.23: Assessment
Criteria for Biogas Hazards
Table 4.24: End
Point Criteria for Vapour Cloud Explosions
Table 5.1: Noise
Standards for Daytime Construction Activities
Table 5.2: Area
Sensitivity Rating
Table 5.3: Acceptable
Noise Level for Fixed Plant Noise
Table 5.4: Noise
Criteria of Fixed Plant Noise
Table 5.5: Representative
Noise Sensitive Receivers Identified for the Assessment
Table 5.6: Measured
Background Noise Levels
Table 5.7: Unmitigated
Construction Airborne Noise Impact
Table 5.8: Summary
of Fixed Plant Noise Sources
Table 5.9: Maximum
Permissible SWLs of the Fixed Plant
Table 5.10: Quieter
PME Recommended for Adoption during Construction Phase
Table 5.11: Noise
Mitigation Measures for Certain PME during Construction Phase
Table 5.12: Mitigated
Construction Airborne Noise Impact
Table 6.1: Water
Quality Objective for the Deep Bay WCZ
Table 6.2: MSF
350 Standard under 2012 USEPA Guidelines for Water Use (Commercial Facility)
Table 6.3: Summary
of River Water Quality Monitoring Data at River Indus (2011)
Table 6.4: Summary
of Water Sampling on 15 April 2013
Table 6.5:
Estimated Wastewater
Volumes by Source at OWTF2
Table 7.1: Excavated
Materials to be Generated, Reused and Delivered to Public Fill Reception
Facility
Table 7.2: C&D
Materials to be Generated, Reused, Delivered to Public Fill Reception Facility and
Disposed of at Landfill
Table 7.3: Summary
of Waste Generation during Construction Phase
Table 7.4: Summary
of Waste Generation during Operation Phase
Table 7.5: Summary
of Waste Handling Procedures and Disposal Routes during Construction Phase
Table 7.6: Summary
of Waste Generation during Operation Phase
Table 7.7: Materials
to be used during Operation Phase of the Project with Land Contamination
Potential
Table 8.1: Schedule
of Ecological Field Surveys
Table 8.2: Habitats
Present in the Assessment Area (excluding the Project Area)
Table 8.3: Habitats
Present in the Project Area
Table 8.4: Avifauna
recorded within Assessment Area (including Project Area)
Table 8.5: Mammals
recorded within the Assessment Area (including Project Area)
Table 8.6: Herpetofauna recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.7: Butterflies
recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.8: Dragonflies
recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.9: Freshwater
fish recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.10: Ecological
Evaluation of Shrubland
Table 8.11: Ecological
Evaluation of Woodland
Table 8.12: Ecological
Evaluation of Hillside grassland
Table 8.13: Ecological
Evaluation of Grassland
Table 8.14: Ecological
Evaluation of Plantation
Table 8.15: Ecological
Evaluation of Orchard
Table 8.16: Ecological
Evaluation of Active agricultural area
Table 8.17: Ecological
Evaluation of Abandoned agricultural area
Table 8.18: Ecological
Evaluation of Village
Table 8.19: Ecological
Evaluation of Open field
Table 8.20: Ecological
Evaluation of Developed area
Table 8.21: Ecological
Evaluation of Pond
Table 8.22: Ecological
Evaluation of Watercourse
Table 8.23: Ecological
Evaluation of Floral Species
Table 8.24: Ecological
Evaluation of Fauna Species
Table 8.25: Summary
of Habitat Loss for the Proposed Project
Table 8.26: Evaluation
of Ecological Impact of Habitat Loss
Table 8.27: Evaluation
of Ecological Impact on Floral Species of Conservation Interest
Table 8.28: Evaluation
of Ecological Impact on Fauna Species of Conservation Interest
Table 8.29: Evaluation
of Ecological Impact on Man Kam To Road Egretry
Table 8.30: Evaluation
of Habitat Fragmentation
Table 8.31: Evaluation
of Offsite Disturbance
Table 8.32: Evaluation
of Reduction of Ecological Carrying Capacity
Table 8.33: Evaluation
of Offsite Disturbance during operation phase
Table 10.1: Sensitivity
and Magnitude of Change on the Degree of Impact Significance
Table 10.2: Review
of Existing Planning and Development Control Framework
Table 10.3: Sensitivity
of LRs and LCAs
Table 10.4: Summary
of Tree Survey Recommendations
Table 10.5: Sensitivity
of VSRs
Table 10.6: Magnitude
of change for LRs and LCAs
Table 10.7: Proposed
Construction Phase Mitigation Measures
Table 10.8: Proposed
Operational Phase Mitigation Measures
Table 10.9: Significance
Threshold of Landscape Impacts in Construction and Operation Phases
Table 10.10: Magnitude
of change for VSRs
Table 10.11: Description
of change for VSRs
Table 10.12: Visual
Impact Assessment
Table 11.1: Archaeological
potential for each section:
Table 11.2: Evaluation
of Impacts to Built Heritage Resources
Table 14.1: Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures
Appendices
Appendix 2.1 Environmental Performance of Biogas Utilisation Options
Appendix 2.2 Evaluation of Compost Options
Appendix 3.1 Emission calculation for construction
dust
Appendix 3.2 Data Input for FDM model
Appendix 3.3 Calculation of Dust Suppression
Efficiency
Appendix 3.4 Vehicle Classification
Appendix 3.5 Vehicle Population
Appendix 3.7 Traffic Flow for 2017
Appendix 3.8 Trips and VKT for Hong Kong
Appendix 3.9 Trips and VKT for OWTF2
Appendix 3.10 Temperature and Relative Humidity
Appendix 3.11 Emission Factors
Appendix 3.12 TSP Construction Phase Results
Appendix 3.13 Operational Phase results (ASR)
Appendix 4.1 Review of Historical Incidents Database
Appendix 4.2 Fault Tree Analysis
Appendix 4.3 Event Tree Analysis
Appendix 4.4 Generic Frequency Estimations
Appendix 4.5 Consequence Distances
Appendix 5.1 Unmitigated Construction Plant Inventory
Appendix 5.2 Unmitigated Construction Noise Impact
Appendix 5.3 Fixed Plant Impact Assessment
Appendix 5.4 Mitigated Construction Plant Inventory
Appendix 5.5 Mitigated Construction Noise Impact
Appendix 7.1 Previous Land Use
Appendix 7.2 Records of Chemical Spillage
Appendix 7.3 Locations of Previous Chemical Storage
Appendix 8.2 Plant Species recorded within the Assessment Area
Appendix 8.3 List
of Fauna recorded within the Assessment Area
Appendix 10.1 Summary
of Findings of the Tree Survey
Appendix 11.1 Results
of the Built Heritage Field Survey
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Location
of Proposed Site
Figure 2.2 Preliminary
Site Layout
Figure 2.3a Process
Flow Diagram Biogas Option A (CHP)
Figure 2.3bI Process
Flow Diagram Biogas Option BI (Gas Export)
Figure 2.3bII Process
Flow Diagram Biogas Option BII (CHP / Gas Export)
Figure 2.4 Comparison of Initial and
Further Site Layout Plans
Figure 3.1 Locations
of Air Sensitive Receivers
Figure 3.2 Locations
of Potential Construction Dust Sources
Figure 3.3a Locations
of ISCST3 Sources
Figure 3.3b Locations
of Caline4 Sources
Figure 3.5a 2012
Observed Traffic Flows
Figure 3.5b Distribution
of OWTF Phase 2 Development Traffic
Figure 4.1 Preliminary site layout
Figure 4.2 Societal Risk Guideline
from EIAO TM Annex 4
Figure 4.3 Hazard
Assessment Methodology
Figure 4.4a G/IC,
Transportation, OU (Cement Plant) and Future Population Around
OWTF 2 site
Figure 4.4b Residential
Population around OWTF 2 Site
Figure 4.4c Future
Population around OWTF 2 Site
Figure 4.5 Wind Rose for Ta Kwu Ling
Weather Station
Figure 4.6 Process
Flow Diagram – Biogas Option Bii (CHP / Gas export)
Figure 4.7 Mass
Balance Diagram of OWTF 2
Figure 4.8 Aircraft
Crash Coordinate System
Figure 4.9 Location
of OWTF 2 Site and Arrival Flight Paths of Hong Kong International Airport
Figure 4.10 Location
of OWTF 2 Site and Departure Flight Paths of Hong Kong International Airport
Figure 4.11 Area
of Vegetation Which May Affect the Site in Hill Fire Scenario
Figure 4.12 Location
of the nearest helicopter landing pad to the Project site
Figure 4.13 Natural
Terrain Landslides with ENTLI and LLS Reference, and Incident Report Locations
Figure 4.14 Individual
Risk Contours
Figure 4.15 FN
Curves for OWTF 2 at Year 2017
Figure 5.1 Noise
Study Area and Locations of Representative Noise Sensitive Receivers
Figure 5.2 Photos
of Existing Noise Sensitive Receivers
Figure 5.3 Locations
of Fixed Plants Noise Sources
Figure 5.4 Schematic
Configuration of Movable Noise Barrier for PME
Figure 5.5 Schematic
Configuration of Full Noise Enclosure for PME
Figure 6.1 Preliminary
Layout of Proposed Sewer Connection
Figure 6.2 Water
Quality Impact Assessment Study Area and Water Sensitive Receivers
Figure 6.3 Water
Quality Sampling Locations
Figure 8.1 Assessment
Area, Survey Transect Route and Sampling Location
Figure
8.2 Habitat Map and Species
of Conservation Interest
Figure 9.1 Study
Area for Fisheries Impact Assessment
Figure 10.1 Visual
Envelope and Zone of Visual Influence
Figure 10.2 Zoning
in Outline Zoning Plan within Landscape Assessment Area
Figure 10.3 Aerial
View of Landscape Assessment Area
Figure 10.4 Locations
of Landscape Resources
Figure 10.5a Photographs
of Landscape Resources (Sheet 1 of 4)
Figure 10.5b Photographs
of Landscape Resources (Sheet 2 of 4)
Figure 10.5c Photographs
of Landscape Resources (Sheet 3 of 4)
Figure 10.5d Photographs
of Landscape Resources (Sheet 4 of 4)
Figure 10.6 Locations
of Landscape Character Areas
Figure 10.7 Photos
of Landscape Character Areas
Figure 10.8 Landscape
Mitigation Measures
Figure 10.10a Photos
of Visual Sensitive Receivers (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 10.10b Photos of Visual Sensitive Receivers (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 10.10c Photos
of Visual Sensitive Receivers (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 10.12a Photomontage
– Vantage Point from VSR1.1 – Workers in San Uk Ling
Holding Centre
Figure 10.12b Photomontage
– Vantage Point from VSR2.2 – Farmers from the East
Figure 10.12c Photomontage
– Vantage Point from VSR3.2 – Villagers from the Northeast
Figure 10.12d Photomontage
– Vantage Point from VSR3.5 – Villagers from the West
Figure 11.1 The Site Area and 200m Assessment Area
Figure 11.2 The Geology of the Site Area and Assessment Area
Figure 11.3 Topographical
Map Showing the Approximate Site Area and Assessment Area in 1939
Figure 11.4 Topographical
Map Showing the Approximate Site Area and Assessment Area in 1957
Figure 11.7 Photograph Showing the Entrance to the Sha Ling Livestock
Waste Composting Plant
Figure 11.8 Photograph Showing the View of Section 2 Road and
Residential Built Up Area
Figure 11.9 Aerial
Photograph of 1973 Showing Section 2 (Partially) and Section 4
Figure 11.10 Photograph Showing the San Uk Ling Holding Centre
Figure 11.11 Photograph
Showing the Song Dynasty Sherds Recovered from the Surface in Section 3
Figure 11.12 Map Showing the Location of the Surface Finds Within Section
3
Figure 11.13 Photograph Showing Terraced Area at the Northern End of
Section 4A
Figure 11.14 Photograph
Showing Section 5 Man-made Woodland
Figure 11.15 Aerial
Photograph of 1990 Showing the Site Area and Section 5
Figure 11.16 Photograph Showing the Wet Area and Some Temporary Structures
in Section 6
Figure 11.17 Aerial
Photograph of 1990 Showing the Site Area and Locations
of Historical Resources
Figure 11.18 Aerial
Photograph of 2007 Showing the Site Area and Locations
of Historical Resources
Figure 11.19 Map Showing the Locations of G1, G2, G3 and the Tin Hau
Temple
Figure 11.20 Map Showing the Locations of G2, G3 and the Tin Hau Temple
Figure 11.21 Map Showing the Locations of G4, G5 and G6
Figure 11.22 Map Showing the Locations of G1