8 WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATION

8.1 Environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines

8.1.1 The relevant legislation and associated guidance notes relate to the study for the assessment of waste management implications include:

(1) Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO) (Cap 354) and subsidiary Regulations;

(2) Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (EIAO) (Cap. 499), Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (TM-EIAO) Annex 7 and Annex 15;

(3) Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap 28); and

(4) Public Health and Municipal Service Ordinance (Cap 132) - Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation.

8.1.2 Under the Waste Disposal Ordinance, some of the regulations are relevant to EIA, including:

(1) Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap 354); and

(2) Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation (Cap 354).

Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO)

8.1.3 The Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO) prohibits any unauthorised disposal of wastes. Construction waste, defined under Cap. 354N of the WDO, refers to a substance, matter or thing which is generated from construction works. It includes all abandoned materials, whether processed or stockpiled or not, before being abandoned, but does not include sludge, screenings or matter removed or generated from desludging, desilting or dredging works.

8.1.4 Under the WDO, wastes can only be disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities licensed by Environmental Protection Department (EPD). Breach of this Ordinance can lead to a fine and/or imprisonment. The WDO also stipulates the requirements for issuing licenses for the collection and transportation of wastes.

Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation

8.1.5 Under the Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation, construction waste delivered to a landfill for disposal must not contain more than 50% by weight of inert material. Construction waste delivered to a sorting facility for disposal must contain more than 50% by weight of inert material, and construction waste delivered to a Public Fill Reception Facilities for disposal must consist entirely of inert material.

Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation

8.1.6 Under the WDO, the Chemical Waste (General) Regulation provides regulations for chemical waste control, and administers the possession, storage, collection, transport and disposal of chemical wastes. EPD has also issued a ‘guideline’ document, the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992), which details how the Contractor should comply with the regulations on chemical wastes.

Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance

8.1.7 The inert portion of Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials may be taken to public filling facilities including public filling area, public filling barging points and stockpiling areas. These facilities usually form part of land reclamation schemes and are operated by Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD). The ordinance requires Dumping Licenses (to be issued by CEDD) to be obtained by individuals or companies, who deliver inert C&D materials to the public filling facilities.

Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation

8.1.8 This regulation provides control on illegal tipping of wastes on unauthorised (unlicensed) sites.

Construction & Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP)

8.1.9 According to the “Project Administrative Handbook Chapter 4, Section 4.1.3”, for Designated Projects, a Construction and Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP) has to be submitted to the Public Fill Committee (PFC) for approval in case of C&D materials disposal exceeding 300,000m³.

8.1.10 ETWB TCW No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction Site, sets out the policy, procedures and requirements for contractor to prepare and implement an Environmental Management Plan for on-site sorting and waste reduction of C&D materials.

Other Relevant Guidelines

8.1.11 The following documents and guidelines in Table 8.1 also relate to waste management and disposal:

Table 8.1: Other relevant documents and information

Bureau / Department	Documents / Guidelines / Technical Circulars
Development Bureau	· WBTC No. 2/93, Public Dumps · WBTC No 2/93B, Public Filling Facilities · WBTC No. 16/96, Wet Soil in Public Dumps · WBTC Nos. 4/98 and 4/98A, Use of Public Fill in Reclamation and Earth Filling Project · WBTC No. 12/2000, Fill Management · WBTC No. 19/2001, Metallic Site Hoardings and Signboards · WBTC No. 12/2002, Specification Facilitating the Use of Recycled Aggregates · ETWB TCW No. 34/2002, Management of Dredged / Excavated Sediment · ETWB TCW No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction Site · DEVB TCW No. 06/2010, Trip-ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Material · DEVB TCW No. 08/2010, Enhanced Specification for Site Cleanliness and Tidiness · DEVB TCW No. 09/2011, Enhanced Control Measures for Management of Public Fill · Project Administrative Handbook for Civil Engineering Works, 2010 Edition, Section 4.1.3 of Chapter 4
CEDD	· Project Administrative Handbook for Civil Engineering Works, 2010 Edition
EPD / CEDD	· New Disposal Arrangements for Construction Waste (1992)
EPD	· Waste Disposal Plan for Hong Kong (December 1989) · Waste Reduction Framework Plan, 1998 to 2008 · A Policy Framework for Management of Municipal Solid Waste (2005 -2014), (December 2005) · Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labeling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992) · Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land (2011) · Guidance Note for Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation, (2007) · Guidance Manual for Use of Risk-based Remediation Goals for Contaminated Land Management, (2007)
PlanD	· Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, Chapter 9 (Section 6 – Waste Management)

8.2 Description of the Environment

Waste Handling and Management

Existing Landuse

8.2.1 The Study Area, as delineated in Figure 227724/E/0001, is located on the south-western slopes of the Tai Shueng Tok Hill at the far north-eastern edge of urban East Kowloon, and lies close to the major population centres of Kwun Tong, Lam Tin and Sau Mau Ping. Specifically, the Study Area covers an area of about 86 ha, which includes a platform area of about 40 ha.

8.2.2 The Study Area is divided into northern part (ARQ-N) and southern part (ARQ-S) by the Anderson Road as shown in Figure 227724/E/4001, which is under the management of KWP Quarry Co. Ltd. and China State Construction Ltd. (i.e. main contractor of Contract No. CV/2007/03 Development at Anderson Road), respectively.

8.2.3 Existing facilities in the northern part (ARQ-N) include quarry sites, office buildings, crushing plants, concrete block manufacturing plant, concrete production and asphalt facilities. The southern part comprises a construction site and site formation was in progress.

Existing Solid Waste Arising

8.2.4 The existing solid waste arising from the Study Area includes industrial waste generated from plant/quarry operations, chemical waste from vehicle and equipment maintenance activities and general refuse generated by site staffs. Chemical waste produced in the Study Area is collected and transferred to the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC) in Tsang Yi for waste treatment. The general refuse are collected and handled by local waste collectors.

8.2.5 As advised by the operators, the inert residual would be generated from the concrete production and asphalt facilities during the production, which would be disposed to Public Fill Facilities.

8.2.6 Major existing waste facilities serving the Study Area are shown in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Summary of existing waste facilities serving the Study Area

Waste Facilities	Date of Commission	Design Capacity
Strategic Landfills
SENT	1994	43 Mm³
Special Waste Facilities
Chemical Waste Treatment Centre	1993	100,000 t/year

8.3 Assessment Methodology

8.3.1 The assessment of waste management implications from handling, storage, collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste materials generated by the landuse proposal have been undertaken in accordance with Annexes 7 and 15 of the TM-EIAO and the EIA Study Brief.

8.3.2 The waste management hierarchy has been applied in the assessment and development of mitigation measures for waste. The waste management hierarchy is a concept which shows the desirability of various waste management methods and comprises the following in order of preference:

(1) avoidance;

(2) minimisation;

(3) recycling/reuse;

(4) treatment; and

(5) disposal.

8.3.3 All opportunities for reducing waste generation have been assessed based upon the following factors:

(1) avoiding or minimising waste generation throughout design, construction and operational phase;

(2) adopting better management practices to promote segregation materials;

(3) reuse and recycling on site or other projects; and

(4) diverting C&D materials to public fills as far as possible.

Analysis of Activities and Waste Generation

8.3.4 The quantity, quality and timing of the waste arising as a result of the construction and operation activities of the Project and associated works have been estimated, based on the sequence and duration of these activities. The design, general layout, construction methods and programme to minimize the generation of public fill/inert C&D materials for the construction works have been considered.

8.3.5 The potential waste management implications associated with the handling, transportation and disposal of waste arising from the construction works have been assessed with reference to the following approach:

(1) estimation of the types, timing and quantities of the wastes to be generated and fill to be imported; and

(2) assessment of the potential waste management implications on the capacity of collection, transfer and disposal facilities.

(3) the waste generation and disposal rate adopted in the assessment is based on statistical data issued by EPD including “An Urgent Need to Suppress Waste Generation, 2010” and “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong – Waste Statistics for 2011”.

Proposal for Waste Management

8.3.6 Prior to considering the disposal options for various types of wastes, opportunities for reducing waste generated, on-site or off-site re-use and recycling have been evaluated. Measures which can be taken in the design phase (e.g. by modifying the design approach) and in the construction phase for maximizing waste reduction have been separately considered.

8.3.7 After considering all the opportunities for reducing waste generation and maximizing re-use, the types and quantities of the remaining wastes required to be disposed of have been estimated and the disposal options for each type of wastes have been described. The disposal method recommended for each type of wastes has taken into account the result of the assessment.

8.3.8 The impacts caused by handling (including labelling, packaging and storage), collection, and reuse/disposal of wastes have been addressed and appropriate mitigation measures have been proposed.

8.4 Identification and Evaluation of Waste Management Implications

8.4.1 The waste implication during construction and operational phase due to the development of the Anderson Road Quarry (ARQ) for residential (including public housing) and other uses has been assessed and presented in the following sub-sections.

Construction Phase

8.4.2 The main activities which would potentially result in the generation of waste include:

(1) site clearance and site formation;

(2) construction of road networks; and

(3) construction of the proposed buildings and infrastructure.

8.4.3 A variety of type of wastes would be generated during construction phase that can be divided into the following distinct categories based on their compositions:

(1) site clearance wastes;

(2) site formation wastes;

(3) construction of buildings and structures;

(4) contaminated soil;

(5) chemical wastes;

(6) general refuse; and

(7) sewage.

8.4.4 The construction phase of the Study Area will be implemented in a number of phases. Details and time periods of each phase are summarized in Table 8.3.

Table 8.3: Summary of time periods of construction phases

Activities	Phasing ^[1]	Period	Duration (month)
Site clearance and site formation	Phase I	Jul 2016 – Dec 2018	30
Site clearance and site formation	Phase II	Jan 2018 – Dec 2020	36
Construction of new buildings and infrastructures	Phase I	Jun 2019 – Dec 2022	43
Construction of new buildings and infrastructures	Phase II	Jan 2021 – Jan 2026	61

Note:

[1] Total durations of Phase I and Phase II are 73 and 97 months respectively.

8.4.5 The estimated amount of different types of wastes to be generated during construction phase is summarized in Table 8.4.

Site Clearance Waste

8.4.6 The Study Area comprises the Anderson Road Quarry. Site clearance waste will be generated mainly from the site clearance of existing ground surface. The waste will mainly consist of top soil and vegetation.

8.4.7 It is estimated that total approximately 4,600m³ top soil and 4,000m³ vegetation would be generated during the whole site clearance phases (i.e. Phase I and Phase II). The breakdown of site clearance waste generated during each phase is summarised in Table 8.5.

8.4.8 All generated top soil would be reused on-site as backfill material. Off-site disposal is not required. In addition, 400m³ (200m³ for Phase I and 200m³ for Phase II) vegetation would need to be transplanted, and the remaining 3,600m³ (1,800m³ for Phase I and 1,800m³ for Phase II) would be disposed to landfill. Summary of the recommendation outlets of the C&D materials is summarized in Table 8.12.

Table 8.5: Summary of C&D material volumes generated during site clearance

Phasing	Top soil (m³)	Inert soft C&D material (m³) ^[1]	Rock (m³) ^[2]	Artificial hard material (m³)^[3]	Non-inert C&D material (m³) ^[4]	Vegetation (m³)
Phase I	2,300	0	0	0	0	2,000
Phase II	2,300	0	0	0	0	2,000
Total	4,600	0	0	0	0	4,000

Notes:

[1] “Inert soft C&D material” includes, but not limited to, excavated soil.

[2] “Rock” includes all grade rock.

[3] “Artificial hard material” includes, but not limited to, broken concrete, asphalt, bitumen and granular materials, etc.

[4] “Non-inert C&D material” includes, but not limited to, bamboo, timber, paper and plastic, etc.

8.4.9 With proper implementation of good construction site practice and mitigation measures, the on-site handling and reuse of site clearance waste would not cause adverse environmental impacts.

Site Formation Waste

8.4.10 Site formation waste will be generated mainly from excavation works during site formation within the Study Area. The waste will mainly consist of inert soft C&D material and rock etc.

8.4.11 It is estimated that total approximately 390,000m³ inert soft C&D material and 222,000m³ rock would be generated during the whole site formation phases (i.e. Phase I and Phase II). The breakdown of site formation waste generated during each phase is summarised in Table 8.6.

8.4.12 All generated inert soft C&D materials and rock would be reused on-site as backfill material. Off-site disposal is not required. Summary of the recommendation outlets of the C&D materials is summarized in Table 8.12.

Table 8.6: Summary of C&D materials volumes generated during site formation

Phasing	Inert soft C&D material (m³) ^[1]	Rock (m³) ^[2]	Artificial hard material (m³)^[3]	Non-inert C&D material (m³) ^[4]
Phase I	78,000	102,000	0	0
Phase II	312,000	120,000	0	0
Total	390,000	222,000	0	0

Notes:

[1] “Inert soft C&D material” includes, but not limited to, excavated soil.

[2] “Rock” includes all grade rock.

[3] “Artificial hard material” includes, but not limited to, broken concrete, asphalt, bitumen and granular materials, etc.

[4] “Non-inert C&D material” includes, but not limited to, bamboo, timber, paper and plastic, etc.

8.4.13 With the proper implementation of good construction site practice and mitigation measures, the on-site handling and reuse of C&D materials would not cause adverse environmental impacts.

Construction of New Buildings and Structures

8.4.14 The construction of new buildings and structures would be also generated the C&D materials. The inert portion of the C&D materials including broken concrete, rock etc. is referred to public fill and the non-inert portion including packing materials and general refuse is referred to construction waste and would be disposed of at landfill. The buildings and structures to be constructed from the Project are shown in Table 8.7.

Table 8.7: Major construction works from the Project

Phasing	Proposed uses	Descriptions
Phase I	Commercial	Construction will include substructure and superstructure of new buildings
	Residential
	Government / institution or community
Phase II	Commercial
	Residential
	Government / institution or community

8.4.15 The total estimated gross floor area (GFA) of the proposed development in the assessment area is approximately 611,400m² including 288,900m² for Phase I and 322,500m² for Phase II.

8.4.16 In accordance with the “Reduction of Construction Waste Final Report, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (March 1993)”, a C&D materials generation rate of 0.1m³ per 1m² of GFA is adopted. It is estimated that approximately total 61,140m³ of C&D materials would be generated from construction of the buildings and structures of proposed development.

8.4.17 The estimated amount of C&D materials to be generated during the construction of buildings and structures is summarized in Table 8.8.

Table 8.8: Summary of C&D materials generated during construction of buildings and structures

Phasing	GFA (m²)	Total C&D material generated (m³) ^[1]	Artificial hard material (m³) ^[2][3]	Non-inert C&D material (m³) ^[2][4]
Phase I	288,900	28,890	23,112	5,778
Phase II	322,500	32,250	25,800	6,450
Total	611,400	61,140	48,912	12,228

Notes:

[1] Reduction of Construction Waste Final Report, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (March 1993)

[2] Approximately ratio for (inert waste) : (non-inert waste) is 8:2 “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 1997” by EPD

[3] The inert waste mainly is Artificial Hard Material (AHM) which includes, but not limited to, broken concrete, asphalt, bitumen and granular materials, etc.

[4] “Non-inert C&D material” includes, but not limited to, bamboo, timber, paper and plastic, etc.

8.4.18 C&D materials can be minimised through careful planning during the detailed design stage and with good site practice during construction. This includes the use of non-timber formwork and temporary works and on-site sorting of the C&D materials for reuse and recycling as far as practicable.

8.4.19 With the proper implementation of good construction site practice and mitigation measures, potential impacts associated with on-site handling and transportation to disposal sites are not expected.

Contaminated Soil

8.4.20 Potentially contaminated areas within the Study Area have been identified based on desktop review and the information collected during site survey. The areas with those activities, posing the highest potential for contamination, have been identified in accordance with the criteria in EPD’s Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land.

8.4.21 Environmental SI is recommended to be carried out at 5 potentially contaminated areas to determine the types and quantities of contaminants. As the Study Area is managed by private owner and still in operation, undertaking the environmental SI works is not feasible. Therefore, quantity of contaminated soil could not be estimated in this EIA stage.

8.4.22 The proposed environmental SI works for these areas should commence once the operation is terminated and the land is resumed. Details could be referred to the land contamination section in Chapter 9.

Chemical Waste

8.4.23 Materials classified as chemical waste are listed in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation. The major chemical waste types arising from the construction sites may include the following:

(1) scrap batteries;

(2) spent hydraulic oil and waste fuel;

(3) spent lubrication oil and cleaning fluids from mechanical machinery; and

(4) spent solvent from equipment cleaning activities.

8.4.24 Chemical waste may pose the following potential environmental, health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of appropriately:

(1) toxic effects to workers;

(2) adverse impacts on water quality from spills and associated adverse impacts on fresh water biota); and

(3) fire hazards.

8.4.25 It is difficult to quantify the amount of chemical wastes as it would be highly dependent on the Contractor’s on-site maintenance practice and the quantities of plant and vehicles utilized. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the quantity of chemical waste such as lubrication oil and solvent produced from equipment maintenance would be small and in the order of a few hundred litres per month.

8.4.26 Storage, handling, transport and disposal of chemical waste should be arranged in accordance with the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Waste published by the EPD. Chemical waste should be collected by a licensed collector and to be disposed of at a licensed chemical waste treatment and disposal facility. Wherever possible, opportunities for the reuse and recycling of materials will be taken. Mitigation measures for chemical wastes are detailed in Sections 8.5.16 to 8.5.17. Provided that the handling, storage and disposal of chemical wastes are in accordance with these requirements, potential environmental impacts (including potential hazard, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport) are not expected.

8.4.27 The estimated amount of chemical waste to be generated during construction phase is summarized in Table 8.9.

Table 8.9: Summary of chemical waste during construction phase

Waste type	Total amount generated
Scrap batteries	A few hundred litres per month
Spend hydraulic oil and waste fuel
Spent lubrication oil and cleaning fluids
Spend solvent

General Refuse

8.4.28 The construction workers would generate refuse comprising food wastes, waste paper, aluminium cans and plastic bottles during construction period.

8.4.29 The storage of general refuse may give rise to adverse environmental impacts. These could include water quality, odour and visual impact; and in the form of windblown litter. The construction site may also attract pests and vermin if the storage areas are not well maintained and cleaned regularly. In addition, disposal of waste at sites other than the approved disposal facilities could also lead to similar adverse impacts at those sites.

8.4.30 The number of work force (clerical and workers) to be employed for the Project is not available at this stage, but it is anticipated to be around 250 staff for each construction phase subject to Engineer’s confirmation. Based on the generation rate of 0.65kg/person/day, the total refuse generated per day would be about 162.5kg/day. The estimated amount of general refuse generated during construction phase is summarized in Table 8.10.

Table 8.10: Summary of general refuse during construction phase

Phasing	No. of work force	Waste generation rate (kg/person/day)	Daily waste generation (kg/day)	Period	Duration (month)	Total amount generated (tonne) ^[1]
Phase I	250	0.65	162.5	Jul 2016 – Dec 2018; Jun 2019 – Dec 2022	73	308
Phase II	250	0.65	162.5	Jan 2018 – Jan 2026	97	410
					Total	718

Note:

[1] Assume 26 working days per month.

8.4.31 In order to minimize the final disposal quantities of general refuse, provisions of recycle bins for different types of recyclable waste should be provided together with a general refuse bin. Arrangements should be made with the recycling companies to collect the recycle waste as required. The Contractor should implement an education programme for workers relating to avoiding, reducing, reusing and recycling general waste. Participation in a local collection scheme should be considered by the Contractor to facilitate waste reduction.

8.4.32 Provided that the mitigation measures are adopted, the potential environmental impacts caused by the storage, handling transport and disposal of general refuse are expected to be minimal. It is recommended that general refuse should be collected on a daily basis for disposal. Mitigation measures to minimize potential environmental impacts are recommended in Section 8.5.18. With the proper implementation of the recommended mitigation measures, potential environmental impacts (including potential hazard, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport) are not expected.

Sewage

8.4.33 Sewage will arise from amenity facilities used by the construction workers and site office’s sanitary facilities. The sewage generated should be properly managed to minimize the adverse impact of odour and potential health risks to the workers by attracting pests and other disease vectors.

8.4.34 Adequate portable chemical toilets should be provided to ensure all sewage is properly collected. It is anticipated that no adverse environmental implications would arise if the chemical toilets and septic tank are properly maintained and licensed collectors are employed for the collection and disposal of sewage on a regular basis. Advanced notification and approval should be made to authorities prior to connection.

8.4.35 The number of work force (clerical and workers) to be employed is not available at this stage, but is anticipated to have around 250 staff for each construction phase. According to Table T-2 of Guidelines for Estimating Sewage Flows for Sewage Infrastructure Planning, the unit flow is 0.15m³/person/day, the total sewage generated per day would be 37.5m³/day.

8.4.36 With the implementation of mitigation measures described in Section 8.5.19, potential environmental impacts (including potential hazard, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport) are not expected.

8.4.37 The estimated amount of sewage to be generated during construction phase is summarized in Table 8.11.

Table 8.11: Summary of sewage during construction phase

Waste type	Total amount generated
Sewage	37.5 m³/day

Construction Phase Waste Summary

8.4.38 A summary of the construction waste arising from the works area with recommendation for outlets during construction phase is presented in Table 8.12.

Table 8.12: Summary of waste arising from the works area with recommendation for outlets during construction phase (Phase I and Phase II)

Activities	Waste type	Total amount generated (m³)		Total amount reused (m³)		Total amount disposed (m³)		Recommended outlets
		Phase I	Phase II	Phase I	Phase II	Phase I	Phase II
Site clearance	Top soil	2,300	2,300	2,300	2,300	0	0	Reuse within the site
	Vegetation	2,000	2,000	200	200	1,800	1,800	Reuse within the site; Disposal to landfill
	Contaminated soil	TBC ^[5]		N/A		N/A
Site formation	Inert soft C&D materials ^[1]	78,000

Activities	Phasing	Quantity of waste to be generated (m³)
Activities	Phasing	Top soil	Inert soft C&D material ^[2]	Rock ^[3]	Artificial hard material ^[4]	Non-inert C&D material ^[5]	Vegetation	Contaminated soil	Chemical waste	General refuse & sewage
Site clearance	Phase I	2,300	0	0	0	0	2,000	TBC ^[1]	A few hundred litres per month	General refuse: 718 tonne; Sewage: 37.5 m³/day
Site clearance	Phase II	2,300	0	0	0	0	2,000
Site formation	Phase I	0	78,000	102,000	0	0	0
Site formation	Phase II	0	312,000	120,000	0	0	0
Construction of new buildings and structures	Phase I	0	0	0	23,112	5,778	0	0
Construction of new buildings and structures	Phase II	0	0	0	25,800	6,450	0	0