1. Introduction

¡ Land formation of not more than 650 ha to the north of the existing airport island with partial construction over the contaminated mud pits (CMP). The area of land formation is defined to be the area at and above the high water mark of +2.3 mPD; and

¡ Modification and integration of the existing seawall at the northern, western and eastern sides of the existing North Runway into the new land formation and re-provisioning of new seawall around the land formation.

1.2.3 Airfield Facilities

1.2.3.1 The proposed airfield facilities will mainly include:

¡ Construction of a third runway, related taxiway systems, associated airfield infrastructure, aircraft navigational aids, approach lighting systems and new Hong Kong International Airport Approach Area (HKIAAA) beacons;

¡ Construction of the third runway passenger concourse aprons;

¡ Temporary closure and modification of the existing North Runway along with related taxiway systems; and

¡ Expansion of the freighter aprons in the existing Midfield area between the existing North and South runways.

1.2.4 Passenger Facilities

1.2.4.1 The proposed passenger facilities will mainly include:

¡ Construction of the third runway passenger concourse (TRC) and passenger fixed link bridges;

¡ Expansion of the existing passenger Terminal 2 (T2);

¡ Extension of the automated people mover (APM) and associated depot and maintenance / stabling areas; and

¡ Expansion of the baggage handling system (BHS) and associated baggage halls and early bag store.

1.2.5 Ancillary Facilities

1.2.5.1 New ancillary facilities will be provided to support the operational needs of the third runway passenger concourse and airfield facilities. These ancillary facilities will be located on the west and east sides of the proposed land formation area (i.e. within the western support area and the eastern support area respectively) and will accommodate utility buildings, airport support developments, air cargo staging, catering, aircraft maintenance, aircraft engine run-up (engine testing) facilities, ground services equipment area, early bag storage facility, fire station, fire training facility, petrol fuelling station, new air traffic control towers (ATCTs), Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) facility, mobile phone system antenna towers, stores, security gate houses, etc.

1.2.6 Infrastructure and Utilities

1.2.6.1 The proposed infrastructure and utilities will mainly include:

¡ Expansion of the landside and airside road network in the passenger, cargo and maintenance areas and landside transportation facilities, including new car parks;

¡ Construction of new airside road access, including the construction of new airside road tunnels and ramps, to connect the new third runway facilities with the existing airport;

¡ Modification to existing and construction of new land based infrastructure including the seawater cooling and flushing system, stormwater drainage system, greywater system, sewerage network and potable water supply, Towngas supply, 132 kV / 11 kV and other power supply networks; communication networks; and

¡ Modifications and re-provisions to existing marine facilities including the underwater aviation fuel pipelines between HKIA and the off-airport fuel receiving facilities at Sha Chau, the associated underwater 11 kV cable and pilot cable and sea rescue boat points.

1.2.6.2 The key project components are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/1-001 to MCL/P132/EMA/1-004.

1.3 Tentative Construction Programme

1.3.1.1 The tentative programme for operation of the three-runway system (3RS) will be in 2023. Given the scale and complexity of the project, construction and the concurrent runway operational configuration will be implemented in phases. The tentative construction programme is provided in Appendix A. This programme is subject to further changes during the course of the scheme design and detailed design stage.

1.4 Project Organisation

1.4.1.1 The proposed project organisation is shown in Chart 1-1 below.

Chart 1-1: Project Organisation Chart

1.4.2 Airport Authority Hong Kong (AAHK)

1.4.2.1 AAHK is the project proponent for the development of the project, and will assume overall responsibility for the project.

1.4.3 Environmental Protection Department (EPD)

1.4.3.1 EPD is the statutory enforcement body for environmental protection matters in Hong Kong.

1.4.4 Project Manager (PM)

1.4.4.1 The Project Manager (PM) or the PM’s Representative is responsible for overseeing the construction works and for ensuring that the works are undertaken by the Contractor in accordance with the specification and contract requirements. The duties and responsibilities of the PM with respect to EM&A include:

¡ To monitor the Contractor’s compliance with Contract Specifications, including the effective implementation and operation of the environmental mitigation measures;

¡ To employ an Independent Environmental Checker (IEC) to audit the results of the EM&A works carried out by the Environmental Team (ET);

¡ To monitor Contractors’ compliance with the requirements in the Environmental Permit (EP) and EM&A Manual;

¡ To facilitate ET’s implementation of the EM&A programme;

¡ Participate in joint site inspection by the ET and IEC;

¡ To oversee the implementation of the agreed Event and Action Plan in the event of any exceedance; and

¡ To adhere to the procedures for carrying out complaint investigation.

1.4.5 The Contractor

1.4.5.1 The Contractor should report to the AAHK / PM. The duties and responsibilities of the Contractor include:

¡ To comply with the relevant contract conditions and specifications on environmental protection;

¡ To facilitate ET’s monitoring and site inspection activities;

¡ To participate in the site inspections undertake by the ET and IEC, and undertake any corrective actions;

¡ To provide information / advice to the ET regarding works programme and activities which may contribute to the generation of adverse environmental impacts;

¡ To submit proposals on mitigation measures in case of exceedance of action and limit levels in accordance with the Event and Action Plans;

¡ To implement measures to reduce impact where action and limit levels are exceeded; and

¡ To adhere to the procedures for carrying out complaint investigation.

1.4.6 Environmental Team (ET)

1.4.6.1 The ET should be employed by the AAHK / PM to conduct the EM&A programme. The ET should be managed by the ET Leader. ET Leader should have relevant professional qualifications in environmental control and possess at least seven years of experience in EM&A. Suitably qualified staff should be included in the ET, and resources for the implementation of the EM&A programme should be allocated in the time under the Contract, to enable fulfilment of the project’s EM&A requirements as specified in the EM&A Manual during construction of the Project. The ET should report to AAHK / PM and the duties should include:

¡ To monitor and audit various environmental parameters as required in this EM&A Manual;

¡ To analyse the environmental monitoring and audit data, review the success of EM&A programme and the adequacy of mitigation measures implemented, confirm the validity of the EIA predictions and identify any adverse environmental impacts arising;

¡ To monitor compliance with conditions in the EP, environmental protection, pollution prevention and control regulations and contract specifications;

¡ To audit environmental conditions on site;

¡ To report on the environmental monitoring and audit results to EPD, the AAHK / PM, the IEC and Contractor(s) or their delegated representatives;

¡ To recommend suitable mitigation measures to the Contractor(s) in the case of exceedance of action and limit levels in accordance with the Event and Action Plans;

¡ To liaise with the IEC on all environmental performance matters, and ensure timely submission of all relevant EM&A pro forma for IEC’s approval;

¡ To provide advice to the Contractor(s) on environmental improvement, awareness and enhancement matters, etc. on site;

¡ To adhere to the procedures for carrying out complaint investigation;

¡ To prepare reports on the environmental monitoring data and the site environmental conditions;

¡ To submit the EM&A report to Environmental Protection Department (EPD) timely;

¡ To review proposals of mitigation measures from the Contractor(s) in case of exceedance of action and limit levels, in accordance with the Event and Action Plan;

¡ To carry out site inspection to investigate and audit the Contractor’s site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and mitigation measures; and

¡ On an as-need basis, to review Contractor’s works methodology paper from environmental perspective.

1.4.7 Independent Environmental Checker (IEC)

1.4.7.1 The IEC is empowered to audit the environmental performance of construction, but is independent from the management of construction works. As such, the IEC should not be in any way an associated body of the Contractor or the ET for the project. The IEC should be employed by the AAHK / PM prior to the commencement of the construction of the project. The IEC should be a person who has relevant professional qualifications in environmental control and at least seven years of experience in EM&A and environmental management. The duties and responsibilities of the IEC are:

¡ To provide proactive advice to the AAHK / PM on EM&A matters related to the project;

¡ To review and verify the monitoring data and all submissions in connection with the EP and EM&A Manual submitted by the ET;

¡ To arrange and conduct regular, at least monthly site inspections of the works during the construction phase, and to carry out ad hoc inspections if significant environmental problems are identified;

¡ To check compliance with the agreed Event and Action Plan in the event of any exceedance;

¡ To check compliance with the procedures for carrying out complaint investigation;

¡ To check the effectiveness of corrective measures;

¡ To feedback audit results to the ET by signing off relevant EM&A pro forma;

¡ To check that mitigation measures are effectively implemented;

¡ To report the works conducted, and the findings, recommendations and improvements of the site inspections, after reviewing ET’s and Contractor’s works, to the AAHK / PM on a monthly basis;

¡ To verify the investigation result of the environmental complaint cases and the effectiveness of corrective measures;

¡ To verify EM&A report that has been certified by ET leader; and

¡ To audit EIA recommendations and requirements against the status of implementation of environmental mitigation measures on site.

2. Air Quality Impact

2.1 Construction Air Quality Monitoring

2.1.1 General

2.1.1.1 The project is anticipated to give rise to construction dust impacts. The key activities that would potentially result in dust emissions include land formation works; construction works on the newly formed land and on the existing airport island; operation of concrete batching plants, asphalt batching plants, crushing plant, and barging points; haul roads; diversion of submarine fuel pipeline; diversion of submarine 11 kV cable; and modifications to existing outfalls. Construction phase dust monitoring is considered necessary to check and ensure compliance that the relevant recommended mitigation measures are properly implemented.

2.1.1.2 The key objectives of the construction phase dust monitoring are:

¡ To identify the extent of dust impact during construction phase on sensitive receivers;

¡ To audit the compliance of the Contractor with regard to dust control, contract conditions and the relevant dust impact criteria;

¡ To determine the effectiveness of mitigation measures to control fugitive dust emission from activities during the construction phase;

¡ To recommend further mitigation measures if found to be necessary; and

¡ To comply with action and limit levels for air quality as defined in this Manual.

2.1.2 Air Quality Parameters

2.1.2.1 Monitoring and audit of 24-hour Respirable Suspended Particulates (RSP or PM₁₀) and 24-hour Fine Suspended Particulates (FSP or PM_2.5) levels are not proposed. This is because even under the hypothetical worst case Tier 1 mitigated scenario both 24-hour RSP and 24-hour FSP would comply with the corresponding Air Quality Objectives (AQO) at all Air Sensitive Receivers (ASR) throughout the construction period, except the limited non-compliance with the AQO for 24-hour RSP at up to three ASR in three of the nine construction years. Hence no significant RSP or FSP impacts are anticipated. Therefore, only 1-hour Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) will be monitored and audited at the proposed monitoring locations. Details of the proposed monitoring locations are presented in Section 2.1.5.

2.1.2.2 One-hour TSP levels shall be measured to indicate the impacts of construction dust on air quality. The TSP levels shall be measured by following the standard high volume sampling method as set out in the Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1 (Part 50), Appendix B. Upon approval of the AAHK / PM, as an alternative to using high volume sampling method, 1-hour TSP levels can be measured by direct reading methods which are capable of producing comparable results as that by the high volume sampling method, to indicate short event impacts.

2.1.2.3 All relevant data including temperature, pressure, weather conditions, elapsed-time meter reading for the start and stop of the sampler, identification and weight of the filter paper, and any other local atmospheric factors affecting or affected by site conditions etc. shall be recorded down in detail. A sample data sheet is shown in Appendix B. The ET may develop project specific data sheet to suit this EM&A programme.

2.1.3 Monitoring Equipment

2.1.3.1 High volume sampler (HVS) shall be used for carrying out the 1-hour TSP monitoring .

2.1.3.2 The ET is responsible for provision of the monitoring equipment. They shall ensure that sufficient number of samplers with an appropriate calibration kit is available for carrying out the baseline monitoring, regular impact monitoring and ad hoc monitoring. The samplers shall be equipped with an electronic mass flow controller and be calibrated against a traceable standard at regular intervals. All the equipment, calibration kit, filter papers, etc. shall be clearly labelled.

2.1.3.3 Initial calibration of dust monitoring equipment shall be conducted upon installation and thereafter at bi-monthly intervals. The transfer standard shall be traceable to the internationally recognised primary standard and be calibrated annually. The calibration data shall be properly documented for future reference by the concerned parties such as the IEC. All the data shall be shall be converted into standard temperature and pressure condition.

2.1.3.4 The flow-rate of the sampler before and after the sampling exercise with the filter in position shall be verified to be constant and be recorded down in the data sheet as shown in Appendix B.

2.1.3.5 If the ET proposes to use a direct reading dust meter to measure 1-hour TSP levels, they shall submit sufficient information to IEC to prove that the instrument is capable of achieving a comparable result as that the HVS and may be used for the 1-hour sampling. The instrument shall also be calibrated regularly, and the 1-hour sampling shall be determined periodically by HVS to check the validity and accuracy of the results measured by direct reading method.

2.1.3.6 Wind data monitoring equipment shall also be provided and set up at conspicuous locations for logging wind speed and wind direction near to the dust monitoring locations. The equipment installation location shall be proposed by the ET and agreed with the IEC. For installation and operation of wind data monitoring equipment, the following points shall be observed:

¡ The wind sensors shall be installed on masts at an elevated level 10 m above ground so that they are clear of obstructions or turbulence caused by the buildings;

¡ The wind data shall be captured by a data logger. The data recorded in the data logger shall be downloaded periodically for analysis at least once a month;

¡ The wind data monitoring equipment shall be re-calibrated at least once every six months; and

¡ Wind direction shall be divided into 16 sectors of 22.5 degrees each.

2.1.3.7 In exceptional situations, the ET may propose alternative methods to obtain representative wind data upon approval from the AAHK / PM and agreement from the IEC.

2.1.4 Laboratory Measurement / Analysis

2.1.4.1 A clean laboratory with constant temperature and humidity control, and equipped with necessary measuring and conditioning instruments, to handle the dust samples collected, shall be available for sample analysis, and equipment calibration and maintenance. The laboratory should be HOKLAS accredited or other internationally accredited laboratory.

2.1.4.2 If a site laboratory is set up or a non-HOKLAS accredited laboratory is hired for carrying out the laboratory analysis, the laboratory equipment shall be approved by the AAHK / PM and the measurement procedures should be witnessed by the IEC. Measurement performed by the laboratory shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the AAHK / PM and the IEC. IEC shall conduct regular audit to the measurement performed by the laboratory to ensure the accuracy of measurement results. The ET shall provide the AAHK / PM with one copy of the Title 40 of the Code of Federal regulations, Chapter 1 (part 50), Appendix B for his reference.

2.1.4.3 Filter paper of 8” X 10” shall be labelled before sampling of TSP. It shall be a clean filter paper with no pin holes, and shall be conditioned in a humidity controlled chamber for over 24-hour and be pre-weighed before use for the sampling.

2.1.4.4 After sampling, the filter paper loaded with dust shall be kept in a clean and tightly sealed plastic bag. The filter paper is then returned to the laboratory for reconditioning in the humidity controlled chamber followed by accurate weighing by an electronic balance with a readout down to 0.1 mg. The balance shall be regularly calibrated against a traceable standard.

2.1.4.5 All the collected samples shall be kept in a good condition for six months before disposal.

2.1.5 Monitoring Locations

2.1.5.1 Two separate air quality monitoring locations are proposed and summarised in Table 2‑1 and shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/2-001. The status and locations of dust sensitive receivers may change after issuing this Manual. If such cases exist, the ET should propose updated monitoring locations and seek agreement from EPD, and agreement from the AAHK / PM and IEC before baseline monitoring commences.

Table 2‑1: Construction Air Quality Monitoring Stations

ID	ID Adopted in EIA	Description	Monitoring Parameters
AR1	TC-13	Seaview Crescent Block 1	1-hour TSP
AR2	ST-1	Village house at Tin Sum	1-hour TSP

2.1.5.2 When alternative monitoring locations are proposed, the following criteria, as far as practicable, shall be followed:

¡ At the site boundary or such locations close to the major dust emission source;

¡ Close to the sensitive receptors; and

¡ Take into account the prevailing meteorological conditions.

2.1.5.3 Monitoring equipment must be positioned, sited and orientated properly. The ET should agree with the AAHK / PM in consultation with the IEC on the position of the samplers for the installation of the monitoring equipment. When positioning the samplers, the following points shall be noted:

¡ A horizontal platform with appropriate support to secure the samplers against gusty wind shall be provided;

¡ No two samplers shall be placed less than 2 m apart;

¡ The distance between the sampler and an obstacle, such as buildings, must be at least twice the height that the obstacle protrudes above the sampler;

¡ A minimum of 2 m of separation from walls, parapets and penthouses is required for rooftop samplers;

¡ A minimum of 2 m separation from any supporting structure, measured horizontally is required;

¡ No furnace or incinerator flue is nearby;

¡ Airflow around the sampler is unrestricted;

¡ The sampler is more than 20 m from the dripline;

¡ Any wire fence and gate, to protect the sampler, shall not cause any obstruction during monitoring;

¡ Permission must be obtained to set up the samplers and to obtain access to the monitoring stations; and

¡ A secured supply of electricity is needed to operate the samplers.

2.1.5.4 The ET may, depending on site conditions and monitoring results, decide whether additional monitoring locations should be included or any monitoring locations could be removed / relocated during any stage of the construction phase.

2.1.6 Baseline Monitoring

2.1.6.1 Baseline monitoring should be conducted at all designated monitoring locations, see Table 2‑1, for at least 14 consecutive days before commencement of construction work to obtain ambient 1‑hour TSP samples. The commencement date of baseline monitoring shall be agreed between the ET / IEC / AAHK / PM to ensure timely submission of the baseline monitoring report to EPD. The selected baseline monitoring stations should reflect baseline conditions at the stations. One-hour TSP sampling shall also be done at least three times per day when the highest dust impacts are expected. The baseline monitoring will provide data for the determination of the appropriate action levels with the limit levels set against statutory or otherwise agreed limits. General meteorological conditions (wind speed, wind direction and precipitation) and notes regarding any significant adjacent dust producing sources should also be recorded throughout the baseline monitoring period.

2.1.6.2 Before commencing the baseline monitoring, the ET shall inform the IEC of the baseline monitoring programme such that the IEC can conduct on-site audit to ensure accuracy of the baseline monitoring results. During the baseline monitoring, there should not be any construction dust generating activities in the vicinity of the monitoring stations.

2.1.6.3 In case the baseline monitoring cannot be carried out at the designated monitoring locations during the baseline monitoring period, the ET shall carry out the monitoring at alternative locations that can effectively represent the baseline conditions at the impact monitoring locations. The alternative baseline monitoring locations should be approved by the AAHK / PM and agreed with the IEC.

2.1.6.4 In exceptional cases, when insufficient baseline monitoring data or questionable results are obtained, the ET should liaise with the IEC and EPD to agree on an appropriate set of data to be used as baseline reference and submit to EPD for approval.

2.1.6.5 Ambient conditions may vary seasonally and should be reviewed once every six months. If the ET considers that significant changes in the ambient conditions have risen, a repeat of the baseline monitoring may be carried out to update the baseline levels and air quality criteria, after consultation and agreement with the AAHK / PM, the IEC and the EPD. The monitoring should be undertaken at times when the Contractor’s activities are not generating dust, at least in the proximity of the monitoring stations. Should change in ambient conditions be determined, the baseline levels and, in turn, the air quality criteria, shall be revised. The revised baseline levels and air quality criteria shall be agreed with the IEC and EPD.

2.1.7 Impact Monitoring

2.1.7.1 The monthly schedule of the compliance and impact monitoring programme should be drawn up by the ET one month prior to the commencement of the scheduled construction period.

2.1.7.2 The ET should carry out impact monitoring during the throughout the entire course of the Works. For 1-hour TSP monitoring, the sampling frequency of at least three times in every six days should be undertaken when the highest dust impact is expected to occur. Highest dust impacts will be determined by the actual construction site condition, program and the works to be carried out. Before commencing the impact monitoring, the ET should inform the IEC of the impact monitoring programme such that the IEC can conduct on-site audit to ensure accuracy of the impact monitoring results.

2.1.7.3 In case of non-compliance with the air quality criteria, more frequent monitoring exercise, as specified in the Event and Action Plan, should be conducted within 24 hours after the result is obtained. This additional monitoring shall be continued until the excessive dust emission or the deterioration in air quality is rectified.

2.1.8 Event and Action Plan

2.1.8.1 The baseline monitoring results form the basis for determining the air quality criteria for the impact monitoring. The ET should compare the impact monitoring results with air quality criteria set up for 1-hour TSP. Table 2‑2 shows the air quality criteria, namely action and limit (AL) Levels to be used. Should non-compliance of the air quality criteria occurs, actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan in Table 2‑3 should be carried out.

Table 2‑2: Typical Action and Limit Levels for Air Quality

Parameters	Action Level	Limit Level
1-hour TSP Level in µg/m³	For baseline level ≤ 384 µg/m³, Action level = (130% of baseline level + Limit level)/2 For baseline level ˃ 384 µg/m³, Action level = Limit level	500

Parameters

Action Level

Limit Level

1-hour TSP Level in µg/m³

For baseline level ≤ 384 µg/m³, Action level = (130% of baseline level + Limit level)/2

For baseline level ˃ 384 µg/m³, Action level = Limit level

500

Table 2‑3: Typical Event and Action Plan for Air Quality

	Action
Event	ET	IEC	AAHK / PM	Contractor
Action Level
1. Exceedance for one sample	1. Identify source, investigate the causes of exceedance and propose remedial measures; 2. Inform IEC and AAHK / PM; 3. Repeat measurement to confirm finding; 4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily.	1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET; 2. Check Contractor’s working method.	1. Notify Contractor.	1. Rectify any unacceptable practice; 2. Amend working methods if appropriate.
2. Exceedance for two or more consecutive samples	1. Identify source; 2. Inform IEC and AAHK / PM; 3. Advise the AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures; 4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily; 5. Discuss with IEC and Contractor on remedial actions required 6. If exceedance continues, arrange meeting with IEC and AAHK / PM 7. If exceedance stops, cease additional monitoring.	1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET; 2. Check Contractor’s working method 3. Discuss with ET and Contractor on possible remedial measures; 4. Advise AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures; 5. Supervisor implementation of remedial measures.	1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing; 2. Notify Contractor; 3. Ensure remedial measures properly implemented.	1. Submit proposals for remedial actions to IEC within three working days of notification; 2. Implement the agreed proposals; 3. Amend proposal if appropriate.
Limit Level
1. Exceedance for one sample	1. Identify the source, investigate the causes of exceedance and propose remedial measures; 2. Inform AAHK / PM and Contractor. If the exceedance is valid, inform EPD; 3. Repeat measurement to confirm finding; 4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily; 5. Assess effectiveness of Contractor’s remedial actions and keep IEC, EPD and AAHK / PM informed of the results.	1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET; 2. Check Contractor’s working method; 3. Discuss with ET and Contractor on possible remedial measures; 4. Advise AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures; 5. Monitor the implementation of remedial measures.	1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing; 2. Notify Contractor; 3. Ensure remedial measures properly implemented.	1. Take immediate action to avoid further exceedance; 2. Submit proposals for remedial actions to IEC within three working days of notification; 3. Implement the agreed proposals; 4. Amend proposal if appropriate.
2. Exceedance for two or more consecutive sample	1. Notify IEC, AAHK / PM, Contractor and EPD; 2. Identify source; 3. Repeat measurement to confirm finding; 4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily; 5. Carry out analysis of Contractor’s working procedures to determine possible mitigation to be implemented; 6. Arrange meeting with IEC and AAHK / PM to discuss the remedial actions to be taken; 7. Assess effectiveness of Contractor’s remedial actions and keep IEC, EPD and AAHK / PM informed of the results; 8. If exceedance stops, cease additional monitoring.	1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET; 2. Check Contractor’s working method; 3. Discuss amongst AAHK / PM, ET, and Contractor on the potential remedial actions; 4. Review Contractor’s remedial actions whenever necessary to assure their effectiveness and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 5. Monitor the implementation of remedial measures.	1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing; 2. Notify Contractor; 3. In consultation with the IEC, agree with the Contractor on the remedial measures to be implemented; 4. Ensure remedial measures properly implemented; 5. If exceedance continues, consider what portion of the work is responsible and instruct the Contractor to stop that portion of work until the exceedance is abated.	1. Take immediate action to avoid further exceedance; 2. Submit proposals for remedial actions to IEC within three working days of notification; 3. Implement the agreed proposals; 4. Resubmit proposals if problem still not under control; 5. Stop the relevant portion of works as determined by AAHK / PM until the exceedance is abated.

2.1.9 Mitigation Measures

2.1.9.1 Appropriate dust suppression measures should be adopted as required under the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation as well as the Specified Process licences for the concrete batching plants, asphalt batching plants and rock crushing plant. A control programme can be instigated to monitor the construction process in order to enforce dust controls and modify methods of works where feasible to reduce the dust emission down to acceptable levels. The implementation schedule of the recommended air quality mitigation measures is presented in Appendix C.

2.2 Operational Air Quality Monitoring

2.2.1.1 No exceedance has been predicted at the ASRs. The current airport air quality monitoring stations shall be maintained. No additional air quality monitoring station is required.

3. Hazard to Human Life

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1.1 A hazard identification workshop has been conducted to identify potential hazards associated with the construction and operation phase of the project. Mitigation measures have also been explored to prevent the hazards from happening and they will be implemented in the project.

3.1.1.2 A hazard assessment has been conducted which concluded that the risk level for the construction phase is within the acceptable region and mitigation measure is not required. The risk level for the operation phase has been evaluated to be in ALARP region and the major risk contributor is aircraft refuelling operation. Practicable and cost effective mitigations have been proposed to reduce the risk of aircraft refuelling operation.

3.2 Recommendation

3.2.1.1 The recommended measures as outlined in the Implementation Schedule included as Appendix C in this EM&A Manual should be implemented to meet the EIAO-TM requirements.

4. Noise Impact

4.1 Aircraft Noise Monitoring

4.1.1 Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Audit Requirements

4.1.1.1 As per the requirements set out in Section 7, Appendix C of the EIA Study Brief, the aircraft noise monitoring and audit plan shall:

¡ Provide data and information for verifying predictions on the effectiveness of measures to mitigate aircraft noise impact of the Project;

¡ Formulate audit requirements, including any necessary compliance and post-project audit program, in order to review the monitoring data and identify any remedial works, as necessary, required to address unacceptable or unanticipated aircraft noise impacts; and

¡ Provide tools, procedures and supplementary information, including noise descriptor and flight tracks, which are useful and relevant for communicating the aircraft noise of the Project to the general public.

4.1.2 Program Elements

4.1.2.1 Taking into account the EIA Study Brief requirements as described above, it is proposed that the aircraft noise monitoring and audit plan should consist of the following key elements:

¡ An exercise by AAHK to verify predictions on the effectiveness of measures to mitigate aircraft noise impact and the preparation of a Prediction Verification Report;

¡ Review Report, prepared on an annual basis by AAHK, for detailing the compliance with noise abatement procedures and unanticipated events, as well as any further necessary investigation and/or remedial action(s);

¡ Noise Contour Report, prepared in at least every five years by AAHK, to compare actual airport operation to forecast airport operation with respect to aircraft noise, taking into account data collected on actual aircraft operational levels, fleet mix, runway and flight track utilizations; and produce an updated noise contour using the most currently available and internationally accepted noise modelling methodology

4.1.2.2 In additional to the above reporting requirements, AAHK shall continue to engage with the neighbouring communities in the vicinity of HKIA, other stakeholders and interested parties on aircraft noise issues associated with the operation of the project.

4.1.3 Prediction Verification

4.1.3.1 The purpose of this task is for verification of predictions on the effectiveness of measures to mitigate aircraft noise impact of the project. This verification exercise shall be undertaken upon availability of relevant airport operation data for the first full year operation of the proposed third runway as described in Chapter 4 of the EIA Report. A Prediction Verification Report, certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC, shall be submitted to EPD for approval. The need to continue such prediction verification exercise afterwards would depend on the results and should be agreed with EPD.

4.1.3.2 As part of the prediction verification exercise, AAHK should collect radar data showing airport and flight operations for the first full year operation of the proposed third runway from CAD. Based on the radar data collected, the AAHK should carry out aircraft noise contour simulation. Similar approach adopted to process radar data for the prevailing scenario contour as presented in Chapter 7 of the EIA report might be applied (individual radar data be pre-processed and annual daily average noise contours be produced by INM for daily results) and the detailed methodology shall be agreed with EPD. The computational model to be used shall also be agreed with EPD prior to the analysis.

4.1.3.3 The NEF25 contour prepared based on radar data should be compared against the noise contours presented in Chapter 7 of the EIA report for verifying the effectiveness of measures to mitigate the aircraft noise impact of the project. If the comparison of contours shows a reasonable converge, this would imply the aircraft noise prediction by computer simulation with forecast, assumptions and proposal of mitigation measures would reliably reflect that by actual airport and flight operations. In case discrepancies are observed, explanation shall be given and analysed as part of the Prediction Verification Report.

4.1.3.4 It shall be noted that the noise contours presented in Chapter 7 of the EIA report are based on reasonable assumptions and input data including air traffic forecast, runway mode of operation, flight tracks and flight track utilisation, and proposed mitigation measures. Therefore, whilst it is being compared with the one generated by actual airport and flight operations, variances within reasonable ranges are envisaged and considered acceptable. Having said that, it is essential to ensure that with the mitigation measures recommended in the EIA report, no additional noise sensitive receivers should be subject to adverse environmental impact under the requirements of the EIAO-TM. Detailed examination should be followed especially for those areas with major variances and the underneath rationale(s) will be elaborated.

4.1.4 Review Report

4.1.4.1 The Review Report, prepared on an annual basis by AAHK, shall include an analysis of how well aircraft flight follow each of the aircraft noise mitigation measures recommended in Chapter 7 of the EIA report. Information to be collected shall include available radar data showing airport and flight operations from CAD, and this is to be analysed in terms of flight tracks and runway utilisation for checking the effective implementation of the noise reduction measures. AAHK may make references to available operational noise data collated by the relevant authorities. Wind record in the year should also be collected from Hong Kong Observatory. The Review Report should review the data collected including measured noise levels at representative locations, statistics of flight tracks, flight tracks dispersion and aircraft using proposed mitigation measures and existing noise mitigation measures, etc.

4.1.4.2 The annual review and reporting process will allow AAHK to measure exactly how it stands compared to predicted operations used in the preparation of the EIA Report. If there are any major variances / discrepancies / abnormalities that are observed during the ongoing process of data collection and analysis for preparation of the annual review when compared with the assumptions / measures adopted in the assessment, early investigation shall be carried out for identification of the possible causes of the variances / discrepancies / abnormalities and whether these would significantly affect the aircraft noise environment.

4.1.5 Noise Contour Report

4.1.5.1 As the aircraft noise impact assessment was undertaken on the basis of projected air traffic movements and estimated fleet mix, it is recommended that at regular intervals of at least every five years during the first 20 operational years of the project, actual flight data obtained from local Air Traffic Control radar systems should be acquired and analysed with a similar aircraft noise modelling methodology to confirm the representativeness of the earlier noise analyses. The first Noise Contour Report shall be prepared for upon availability of airport operation data for the first full year operation of the third runway, which is planned for commissioning in 2021 as described in Chapter 4 of the EIA report. Similar approach adopted to process radar data for prevailing scenario contour might be applied and the detailed methodology shall be agreed with EPD.

4.1.5.2 At such time that it is determined that the noise contours obtained using actual airport data may start to encroach onto any additional noise sensitive receivers, additional analysis would be necessary. The need and feasibility of introducing additional mitigation measures should also be assessed to ensure that no adverse environmental impact would be resulted from the implementation of the project with respect to aircraft noise.

4.1.6 Community Liaison

4.1.6.1 AAHK has been actively engaging with neighbouring communities in the vicinity of the airport, other stakeholders groups and interested parties to communicate issues and gauge views on aircraft noise and other environmental aspects. Briefings and airport visits are organised to explain subjects including but not limited to flight paths under the planned three-runway system and the proposed aircraft noise mitigation measures. These engagement activities will continue after commencement of the project and a community liaison plan that presents details of the planned programme, including proposed communication channels, tools, procedures and supplementary information, including noise descriptor and flight tracks in accordance with Section 7.3, Appendix C of the Study Brief and activities that would facilitate communications with stakeholders on aircraft noise issues, will be developed by AAHK as part of the detailed Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Audit Plan presented in Section 4.1.7 below.

4.1.7 Detailed Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Audit Plan

4.1.7.1 The above subsections set out a clear EM&A framework with respect to aircraft noise. It is not yet mature to define all the monitoring and audit details as at the course of assessment whilst the EM&A task will only be started with operation commencement of the Project (i.e., 2021) because computation model and data analysis tools are in rapid evolution nowadays.

4.1.7.2 Prior to commencement of Project operation, a detailed EM&A Plan, proposing (i) work programme; (ii) actual data collection; (iii) methodologies / procedures, including proposed computation model, to process data into indicators of measures / assumptions adopted; (iv) quality control and assurance procedure; (v) action / investigation plan if any non-compliance, including associated action and limit levels; (vi) community liaison plan; (vii) relevant proforma forming part of the reports; (viii) any foreseeable uncertainties, etc, should be submitted to EPD for agreement. Before submission to the Director of Environmental Protection for approval, the detailed EM&A Plan shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC as conforming to the information and recommendations described in the EIA Report, and taking into account any specific requirements with respect to the latest in-situ conditions of the project.

4.1.7.3 When developing the detailed plan, references should be made to relevant international guidelines such as SAE ARP4721 Part 1 – Monitoring Aircraft Noise and Operations in the Vicinity of Airports: System Description, Acquisition, and Operation, if applicable, for the purpose of review and describe the project operation. Moreover, as mentioned before that the aircraft noise EM&A would be commenced in 2021, the latest monitoring and audit practice / presentation adopted by similar international airports should be reviewed and reference during the course of preparation of this detailed plan.

4.2 Fixed Noise Sources Monitoring

4.2.1 Maximum Permissible Sound Power Levels of Fixed Plant

4.2.1.1 The maximum permissible sound power levels of the identified fixed noise sources of the project were predicted in the EIA report. The specified sound power levels should be implemented and refined by the Contractor as appropriate to ensure that the noise impact associated with the fixed plant operations would comply with the noise standards stipulated in the EIAO-TM and NCO.

4.2.2 Commissioning Test

4.2.2.1 Prior to the operation of the project, the Contractor should conduct noise commissioning tests for all major fixed plant noise sources (excluding the ground noise sources associated with the aircraft taxiing and the operation of APUs) within HKIA to ensure the noise emission at the fixed plant noise source comply with the EIA report assessed scenario. The test should be carried out by a qualified person possessing at least seven years of noise control experience and a corporate membership of Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics or equivalent. The noise commissioning test report should be submitted to the ET Leader, IEC and AAHK / PM for approval. The ET and IEC should review design changes to ensure the cumulative noise impact from fixed noise sources comply with the EIA Report assessed scenario.

4.2.2.2 Noise commissioning tests are also required for noise enclosure of aircraft engine run-up facilities. ISO 10847 – In-situ determination of insertion loss of outdoor noise barriers of all types shall be employed to ensure the required noise reduction (insertion loss) in the EIA report (at least 15 dB(A)) would be achieved. The test should be carried out by a qualified person possessing at least seven years of noise control experience and a corporate membership of Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics or equivalent. The noise commissioning test report should be submitted to the ET Leader, IEC and AAHK / PM for approval.

4.2.2.3 No adverse noise impacts are anticipated from aircraft taxiing and APU operation, hence no environmental monitoring and audit is proposed.

4.2.3 Mitigation Measures

4.2.3.1 The relevant noise mitigation measures have been recommended in the EIA Report. The implementation schedule of the mitigation measures are given in Appendix C.

4.3 Construction Airborne Noise Monitoring

4.3.1 Noise Parameter

4.3.1.1 The construction noise level should be measured in terms of the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq). Leq (30 minutes) should be used as the monitoring parameter for the time period between 0700-1900 hours on normal weekdays. For all other time periods, a Construction Noise Permit (CNP) under the Noise Control Ordinance (NCO) would apply.

4.3.1.2 As supplementary information for data auditing, statistical results such as L₁₀ and L₉₀ should also be obtained for reference. A sample data record sheet is shown in Appendix B.

4.3.2 Monitoring Equipment

4.3.2.1 As referred to in the Technical Memorandum (TM) issued under the NCO, sound level meters in compliance with the International Electrotechnical Commission Publications 651:1979 (Type 1) and 804:1985 (Type 1) specifications should be used for carrying out the noise monitoring. Immediately prior to and following each noise measurement the accuracy of the sound level meter should be checked using an acoustic calibrator generating a known sound pressure level at a known frequency. Measurements may be accepted as valid only if the calibration level from before and after the nose measurement agrees to within 1.0 dB.

4.3.2.2 Noise measurements should not be made in accordance with standard acoustical principles and practices in relation to weather conditions.

4.3.2.3 The ET is responsible for the availability of monitoring equipment and should ensure that sufficient noise measuring equipment and associated instrumentation are available for carrying out the baseline monitoring, regular impact monitoring and ad hoc monitoring. All the equipment and associated instrumentation should be clearly labelled.

4.3.3 Monitoring Locations

4.3.3.1 The noise monitoring locations as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/4-001 are summarised in Table 4‑1. The status and locations of noise sensitive receivers may change after issuing this manual. If such case exists, the ET should propose updated monitoring locations and seek approval from the AAHK / PM and agreement from the IEC and EPD of the proposal.

Table 4‑1: Construction Noise Monitoring Stations

ID	ID adopted in EIA	Description
NM1	TC-1	Seaview Crescent Block 1
NM2	TC-5	Tung Chung West Development (Monitoring to start after occupation of development in 2023/24, subject to the construction programme of the Project)
NM3	TC-30	Ho Yu College
NM4	TC-37	Ching Chung Hau Po Won Primary School
NM5	TS-1	House, Tin Sum
NM6	SLW-1	House No. 1, Sha Lo Wan

4.3.3.2 When alternative monitoring locations are proposed, the monitoring locations should be chosen based on the following criteria:

¡ Monitoring at sensitive receivers close to the major site activities which are likely to have noise impacts;

¡ Monitoring at the noise sensitive receivers as defined in the Technical Memorandum; and

¡ Assurance of minimal disturbance to the occupants during monitoring.

4.3.3.3 The monitoring station should normally be at a point 1 m from the exterior of the sensitive receivers building facade and be at position 1.2 m above the ground. If there is a problem with access to the normal monitoring position, an alternative position may be chosen, and a correction to the measurements should be made. For reference, a correction of +3 dB(A) should be made to the free field measurements. The ET should agree with the IEC on the monitoring position and the corrections adopted. Once the positions for the monitoring stations are chosen, the baseline monitoring and the impact monitoring should be carried out at the same positions.

4.3.4 Baseline Monitoring

4.3.4.1 The ET should carry out baseline noise monitoring prior to the commencement of the project-related construction activities. The baseline monitoring should be carried out daily for a period of at least two weeks. The commencement date of baseline monitoring shall be agreed between the ET / IEC / AAHK / PM to ensure timely submission of the baseline monitoring report to EPD. Before commencing the baseline monitoring, the ET should develop and submit to the IEC the baseline monitoring programme such that the IEC can conduct on-site audit to check accuracy of the baseline monitoring results.

4.3.4.2 There should not be any construction activities in the vicinity of the stations during the baseline monitoring.

4.3.4.3 In exceptional cases, when insufficient baseline monitoring data or questionable results are obtained, the ET should liaise with EPD, IEC and the AAHK / PM to agree on an appropriate set of data to be used as a baseline reference and submit to the AAHK / PM and IEC for agreement and EPD for approval.

4.3.5 Impact Monitoring

4.3.5.1 Noise monitoring should be carried out at all the designated monitoring stations when there are project-related construction activities undertaken. The monitoring frequency should depend on the scale of the construction activities. The following is an initial guide on the regular monitoring frequency for each station on a weekly basis when noise generating activities are underway:

¡ One set of measurements between 0700-1900 hours on normal weekdays;

4.3.5.2 If construction works are extended to include works during the hours of 1900-0700 as well as public holidays and Sundays, additional impact monitoring (including monitoring locations) during respective periods of restricted hours should be subject to the CNP requirements by EPD. Applicable permits under NCO should also be obtained by the Contractor.

4.3.5.3 For schools located near the HKIA (e.g. NM2 and NM3), noise monitoring should be carried out at the monitoring stations for the schools during the school examination periods. The ET should liaise with the school’s personnel and the Examination Authority to ascertain the exact dates and times of all examination periods during the course of the contract.

4.3.5.4 In case of non-compliance with the construction noise criteria, more frequent monitoring, as specified in the Event and Action Plan in Table 4‑3, should be carried out. This additional monitoring should be continued until the recorded noise levels are rectified or proved to be irrelevant to the construction activities.

4.3.6 Event and Action Plan for Noise

4.3.6.1 The action and limit levels for construction noise are defined in Table 4‑2. Should non-compliance of the criteria occur, action in accordance with the Event and Action Plan in Table 4‑3, should be carried out.

Table 4‑2: Typical Action and Limit Levels for Construction Noise

Time Period	Action	Limit
0700-1900 hours on normal weekdays	When one valid documented complaint is received.	75* dB(A)

Note: * reduce to 70 dB(A) for schools and 65 dB(A) during school examination periods.

Table 4‑3: Event and Action Plan for Construction Noise

	Action
Event	ET	IEC	AAHK / PM	Contractor
Action Level	1. Notify AAHK / PM, IEC and Contractor; 2. Carry out investigation; 3. Report the results of investigation to the IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor; 4. Discuss with the IEC and Contractor on remedial measures required; 5. Increase monitoring frequency to check mitigation effectiveness.	1. Review the investigation results submitted by the ET; 2. Review the proposed remedial measures by the Contractor and advise the AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Advise AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures.	1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing; 2. Notify Contractor; 3. In consolidation with the IEC, agree with the Contractor on the remedial measures to be implemented; 4. Supervise the implementation of remedial measures.	1. Submit noise mitigation proposals to IEC and AAHK / PM; 2. Implement noise mitigation proposals.
Limit Level	1. Inform IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor; 2. Repeat measurements to confirm findings; 3. Inform EPD after confirming the validity of exceedance; 4. Increase monitoring frequency; 5. Identify source and investigate the cause of exceedance; 6. Carry out analysis of Contractor’s working procedures; 7. Discus with the IEC, Contractor and AAHK / PM on remedial measures required; 8. Assess effectiveness of Contractor’s remedial actions and keep IEC, EPD and AAHK / PM informed of the results; 9. If exceedance stops, cease additional monitoring.	1. Discuss amongst AAHK / PM, ET and Contractor on the potential remedial actions; 2. Review contractor’s remedial actions whenever necessary to assure their effectiveness and advise AAHK / PM accordingly.	1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing; 2. Notify Contractor; 3. In consolidation with the IEC, agree with the Contractor on the remedial measures to be implemented; 4. Supervise the implementation of remedial measures; 5. If exceedance continues, consider stopping the Contractor to continue working on that portion of work which causes the exceedance until the exceedance is abated.	1. Take immediate action to avoid further exceedance; 2. Submit proposals for remedial actions to IEC and AAHK / PM within three working days of notification; 3. Implement the agreed proposals; 4. Submit further proposal if problem still not under control; 5. Stop the relevant portion of works as instructed by AAHK / PM until the exceedance is abated.

4.3.7 Mitigation Measures

4.3.7.1 Recommended construction noise control and mitigation measures are proposed in the EIA report. The Contractor should be responsible for the design and implementation of these measures under the supervision of the AAHK / PM and be monitored by the ET. The implementation schedule of the recommended noise mitigation measures is presented in Appendix C.

4.4 Road Traffic and Marine Traffic Noise Monitoring

4.4.1.1 No adverse road or marine traffic noise impacts are anticipated from operation of the project, hence no environmental monitoring and audit is proposed.

5. Water Quality Impact

5.1 Construction Water Quality Monitoring

5.1.1 Introduction

5.1.1.1 The main potential water quality impact during construction phase is the release of suspended solids (SS) during land formation. Water jetting and field joint excavation works for the submarine cable diversion may also generate some SS release. Environmental monitoring for these marine works are described in Section 5.1.8.

5.1.1.2 The potential risk of contaminants released from pore water during ground improvement via deep cement mixing (DCM) within the CMP area has also been identified as a concern. While the results of the water quality impact assessment suggests that potential contaminant release from pore water would be insignificant, it is recognised that full scale ground improvement works over the completed and capped CMPs has not previously been implemented in Hong Kong. Therefore, specific environmental monitoring for the initial DCM activities are included as part of the EM&A requirements and are described in Section 5.1.9.

5.1.2 Water Quality Parameters

5.1.2.1 Monitoring of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Dissolved Oxygen Saturation (DO%), pH, temperature, turbidity, salinity, Suspended Solid (SS) as well as current speed and direction should be undertaken at all designated monitoring locations.

5.1.2.2 For monitoring of DCM works, there will be an initial intensive monitoring of temperature, alkalinity, heavy metals and nutrients at designated DCM-specific monitoring stations. Thereafter, alkalinity and two representative heavy metals will be monitored.

5.1.2.3 The general and DCM-specific monitoring locations are described in Section 5.1.5. All parameters should be measured in-situ whereas SS, alkalinity, heavy metals and nutrients should be determined by laboratory. DO should be presented in mg/L and in % saturation.

5.1.2.4 Other relevant data should also be recorded, including monitoring location, time, tidal stages, weather conditions, sea conditions and any special phenomena and work underway at the construction site.

5.1.3 Sampling Procedures and Monitoring Equipment

5.1.3.1 Water samples for all monitoring parameters should be collected, stored, preserved and analysis according to the Standard Methods, APHA 22^nd ed. and/or other methods as agreed by the EPD. In-situ measurements at monitoring locations including temperature, DO, turbidity, salinity and water depth should be collected by equipment with the characteristics and functions listed in the following sections.

5.1.3.2 Sample data record sheets are shown in Appendix B.

5.1.3.3 The monitoring equipment and facilities should be provided by the ET.

Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Measuring Equipment

5.1.3.4 The instrument should be portable and weatherproof using a DC power source. It should have a membrane electrode with automatic temperature compensation complete with a cable. The equipment should be capable of measuring:

¡ A dissolved oxygen level in the range of 0-20 mg/L and 0-200 % saturation; and

¡ A temperature of 0-45 degree Celsius with a capability of measuring to ±0.1 degree Celsius

pH Measuring Equipment

5.1.3.5 A portable pH meter capable of measuring a range between 0.0 and 14.0 should be provided to measure pH under the specified conditions accordingly to the Standard Methods, APHA.

Turbidity Measurement Instrument

5.1.3.6 The instrument should be portable and weatherproof using a DC power source. It should have a photoelectric sensor capable of measuring turbidity between 0-1000 NTU.

Salinity

5.1.3.7 A portable salinometer capable of measuring salinity in the range of 0-40 mg/L should be provided for measuring salinity of the water at each monitoring location.

Alkalinity

5.1.3.8 A digital titrator capable of dispensing 0.002ml at one single dispense should be provided to measure the amount of sulphuric acid used in determination of alkalinity.

Nutrient, Heavy Metals and Suspended Solids (SS)

5.1.3.9 A water sampler comprises a transparent PVC cylinder, with a capacity of not less than two litres, and could be effectively sealed with latex cups at both ends should be used. The sampler should have a positive latching system to keep it open and prevent premature closure until released by a messenger when the sampler is at the selected water depth (Kahlsico Water Sampler or a similar instrument approved by the ET and AAHK / PM).

5.1.3.10 Water samples for nutrient, heavy metals and SS analysis should be stored in high density polythene bottles with no preservative added, packed in ice (cooled to 4 ºC without being frozen), delivered to the laboratory and analysed as soon as possible after collection.

Water Depth Detector

5.1.3.11 A portable, battery-operated echo sounder should be used for the determination of water depth at each designated monitoring station. The unit would either be handheld of affixed to the bottom of the work boat, if the same vessel is to be used throughout the monitoring programme.

Positioning Device

5.1.3.12 A hand-held or boat-fixed type digital Global Positioning System (dGPS) with way point bearing indication or other equivalent instrument of similarly accuracy should be provided and used during monitoring to ensure the monitoring vessel is at the correct location before taking measurements.

Calibration of In-situ Instruments

5.1.3.13 All in-situ monitoring instrument should be checked, calibrated and certified by a laboratory accredited under HOKLAS (or other international accreditation scheme that is HOKLAS-equivalent) before use, and subsequently re-calibrated at three monthly intervals throughout all stages of the water quality monitoring. Responses of sensors and electrodes should be checked with certified standard solutions before each use.

5.1.3.14 Wet bulb calibration for a DO meter should be carried out before measurement at each monitoring location. A zero check in distilled water should be performed with the turbidity probe at least once per monitoring day. The probe should then be calibrated with a solution of known NTU. In addition, the turbidity probe should be calibrated at least twice per month to establish the relationship between turbidity readings (in NTU) and levels of suspended solids (in mg/L). Accuracy check of the digital titrator should be performed at least once per monitoring day.

5.1.3.15 For the on-site calibration of field equipment, the BS 127:1993, Guide to Field and On-site Test Methods for the Analysis of Waters should be observed.

5.1.3.16 Sufficient stocks of spare parts should be maintained for replacements when necessary. Backup monitoring equipment should also be made available so that monitoring can proceed uninterrupted even when some equipment is under maintenance, calibration etc.

5.1.4 Laboratory Measurement / Analysis

5.1.4.1 Analysis of nutrient, heavy metals and suspended solids should be carried out in a HOKLAS laboratory (or other international accredited laboratory that is HOKLAS-equivalent). Sufficient water samples should be collected at the monitoring stations for carrying out the laboratory nutrient, heavy metals and SS determination. The alkalinity, nutrient, heavy metals and SS determination work should start within 24 hours after collection of the water samples. The analysis of alkalinity, nutrient, heavy metals and SS should follow the standard methods summarised in Table 5‑1.

Table 5‑1: Laboratory analysis for SS, alkalinity, nutrient and heavy metals

Parameters	Instrumentation	Analytical Method	Reporting Limit
Suspended Solid (SS)	Analytical Balance	APHA 2540D	2 mg/L
Nutrient
Ammonia as N	FIA	APHA 4500	0.01 mg/L
Unionised ammonia (NH₃)*	By calculation	By calculation	By calculation
Nitrite as N	FIA	APHA 4500	0.01 mg/L
Nitrate as N	FIA	APHA 4500	0.01 mg/L
TKN as N	Titration	APHA 4500	0.1 mg/L
Total Phosphorus	Colorimetric	APHA 4500	0.01 mg/L
Reactive Phosphorus	FIA	APHA 4500	0.01 mg/L
Heavy Metals
Cadmium (Cd)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	0.1 µg/L
Chromium (Cr)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	0.2 µg/L
Copper (Cu)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	0.2 µg/L
Nickel (Ni)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	0.2 µg/L
Lead (Pb)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	0.2 µg/L
Zinc (Zn)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	1 µg/L
Arsenic (As)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	1 µg/L
Silver (Ag)	ICP-MS	USEPA 6020A	0.1 µg/L
Mercury (Hg)	ICP-MS	APHA 7470A	0.05 µg/L

*Note: Calculation based on the laboratory result of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N) and in-situ measured pH, salinity and temperature.

5.1.4.2 If in-house or non-standard methods are proposed, details of the method verification should, if required, be submitted to EPD. In any circumstances, the sample testing should have comprehensive quality assurance and quality control programmes. The laboratory should be prepared to demonstrate the quality control programmes to EPD or their representative if and when required.

5.1.4.3 Additional duplicate samples may be required by EPD for inter laboratory calibration. Remaining samples after analysis should be kept by the laboratory for three months in case repeat analysis is required.

5.1.4.4 If a site laboratory is set up or a non-HOKLAS and non-international accredited laboratory is hired for carrying out the laboratory analysis, the laboratory equipment, analytical procedures, and quality control shall be approved by EPD. All the analysis shall be witnessed by the AAHK / PM. The ET Leader shall provide the AAHK / PM and IEC with one copy of the relevant chapters of the “APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” 22^nd edition and any other relevant document for their reference.

5.1.5 Monitoring Locations

General Monitoring Locations

5.1.5.1 A total of 25 water quality monitoring locations (comprising 14 impact stations, eight sensitive receiver stations and three control stations) have been proposed for the construction and post-construction phases. The coordinates are shown in Table 5‑2 and the locations are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/5-001 and MCL/P132/EMA/5-002. The final locations and number of monitoring points should be agreed with EPD at least two weeks before undertaking any works.

Table 5‑2: Water Quality Monitoring Stations (construction and post construction phases)

Monitoring Stations		Coordinates
Monitoring Stations	Description	Easting	Northing	Parameters	Construction Activities Monitored
C1	Control	804247	815620	DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS	From commencement of advance marine works (submarine 11 kV cable diversion) until completion of all marine filling works for land formation
C2	Control	806945	825682
C3	Control	817803	822109		From commencement of land formation until completion of all marine filling works
IM1	Impact	806458	818351		From commencement of land formation until completion of all marine filling works
IM2	Impact	806193	818852		From commencement of land formation until completion of nearest 1 km of seawall
IM3	Impact	806019	819411
IM4	Impact	805039	819570
IM5	Impact	804924	820564
IM6	Impact	805828	821060
IM7	Impact	806835	821349		From commencement of land formation until completion of all marine filling works
IM8	Impact	807838	821695		From commencement of land formation until completion of nearest 1 km of seawall
IM9*	Impact	808811	822094	DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS, Alkalinity *Heavy metals and nutrient	From commencement of land formation until completion of nearest 1 km of seawall
IM10*	Impact	809838	822240		From commencement of land formation until completion of all marine filling works
IM11*	Impact	810545	821501
IM12*	Impact	811519	821162		From commencement of land formation until completion of nearest 1 km of seawall
IM13	Impact (for submarine 11 kV cable diversion)	Mobile station (500 m envelope of water jetting works)		DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS	From commencement until completion of water jetting works
IM14	Impact (for submarine 11 kV cable diversion)	Mobile station (500 m envelope of field joint excavation works)		DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS	From commencement until completion of field joint excavation works
SR1	Future Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF) Seawater Intake for cooling	812745	820085	DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS	From commencement of advance marine works (submarine 11 kV cable diversion) until completion of all marine filling works for land formation
SR2	Planned marine park / hard corals at The Brothers / Tai Mo To	814166	821463
SR3	Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park / fishing and spawning grounds in North Lantau	807571	822147
SR4	Sha Lo Wan	807798	816802
SR5	San Tau Beach SSSI	810728	816230
SR6	Tai Ho Bay, Near Tai Ho Stream SSSI	814663	817899
SR7	Ma Wan Fish Culture Zone (FCZ)	823742	823636
SR8	Seawater Intake for cooling at Hong Kong International Airport (East)	811593	820417

* Denotes baseline monitoring stations and parameters for DCM-specific monitoring

5.1.5.2 For submarine 11 kV cable diversion works, two specific impact stations (IM13 and IM14) are proposed for the construction phase. These impact stations will be mobile stations located within a 500 m envelope of the respective water jetting / field joint excavation works. The indicative areas are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/5-001. Exact locations will depend on the tidal conditions (i.e. the impact station should always be downstream of the respective water jetting / field joint excavation works). In case where relocation of the impact stations is required, a minimum of 2 mobile impact stations at representative locations should be proposed by ET and approved by IEC and PM.

5.1.5.3 The status and locations of water sensitive receivers may change after issuing this Manual. If such case exists, the ET Leader should propose updated monitoring locations and seek approval from the IEC and EPD. The selection of these locations should follow the below criteria:

¡ Impact (IM) stations should be within the 500 m envelope of construction works;

¡ Sensitive receivers (SR) stations should be at close proximity to key sensitive receivers; and

¡ Control stations (C), as far as practicable, should be at representative locations of the water body being monitored while undisturbed by the project.

DCM-Specific Monitoring Locations

5.1.5.4 For the initial intensive DCM-specific water quality monitoring programme, monitoring should be conducted for a cluster of two or more DCM rigs working in close proximity. The ET should propose the DCM-specific water quality monitoring programme including the DCM works area to be monitored, the monitoring locations, and the commencement of monitoring, taking into account the DCM works area and programme. The proposal should be provided to EPD with the DCM works programme details for agreement prior to the DCM-specific monitoring. The locations of the DCM specific monitoring stations should be set up according to the below criteria.

For a combined DCM works area with longest diameter length smaller or equal to 200 m:

i. Two monitoring stations upstream of DCM works area;

ii. Three monitoring stations downstream and at 150 m envelope of DCM works area;

iii. Three monitoring stations downstream and at 250 m envelope of DCM works area;

iv. Monitoring stations should be at least 50 m apart;

v. Downstream monitoring stations should be perpendicular to the tidal direction.

For a combined DCM works area with longest diameter length larger than 200 m:

i. Two monitoring stations upstream of DCM works area;

ii. Five monitoring stations downstream and at 150 m envelope of DCM works area;

iii. Five monitoring stations downstream and at 250 m envelope of DCM works area;

iv. Downstream monitoring stations should be perpendicular to the tidal direction.

5.1.5.5 Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/5-003 shows an indicative arrangement for works area smaller or equal to 200 m.

5.1.5.6 After completion of the initial intensive DCM-specific water quality monitoring programme, DCM monitoring locations will form part of the general monitoring locations presented in Table 5‑2.

5.1.6 Baseline Monitoring

5.1.6.1 Baseline conditions for water quality shall be established and agreed with EPD prior to the commencement of works. The purpose of the baseline monitoring is to establish ambient conditions prior to the commencement of the marine works and to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed impact and control monitoring stations. The baseline conditions shall be established by measuring DO, DO%, pH, temperature, turbidity, salinity and SS at all designated stationary monitoring stations, plus nutrients and heavy metals at the “IM*” stations (which will provide the baseline water quality for the DCM-specific monitoring). The measurements should be taken three days per week, at mid-flood and mid-ebb tides, for at least four weeks prior to the commencement of marine works. The commencement date of baseline monitoring shall be agreed between the ET / IEC / AAHK / PM to ensure timely submission of the baseline monitoring report to EPD. Duplicate water samples should be taken and analysed.

5.1.6.2 There should not be any marine construction activities in the vicinity of the stations during the baseline monitoring.

5.1.6.3 In exceptional cases when insufficient baseline monitoring data or questionable results are obtained, the ET should seek approval from the IEC and EPD on an appropriate set of data to be used as baseline reference.

5.1.6.4 Baseline monitoring schedule should be faxed to EPD at least two weeks prior to the commencement of baseline monitoring. The interval between two sets of monitoring should be not less than 36 hours.

5.1.7 Efficiency of Silt Curtain System

5.1.7.1 Type II and/or Type III silt curtains¹ have been recommended in the EIA. These are to be implemented as a double layer arrangement. The indicative arrangement of the silt curtains to be adopted is shown in Appendix D. The ET should be responsible for conducting tests to confirm that the silt curtain system to be adopted satisfy the requirements in the EIA Report.

1 As defined by the United States Army Corporation of Engineers (USACE) classification system for silt curtains.

5.1.7.2 A pilot test should be carried out during the early stage of construction to confirm whether the silt removal efficiency of the double layer floating type silt curtains can achieve 61 % silt removal efficiency for sand blanket laying and marine filling activities. The pilot test should be undertaken during the highest current speed condition (covering both flood and ebb tide) and include measurements of current speed and direction, turbidity and suspended solids. The water quality monitoring points to be selected should be close to the locations of the marine works. If the pilot test is conducted in dry season, a verification test should be carried out during wet season at the highest current speed condition to re-confirm the findings. The details for the pilot study should be proposed by the ET and agreed with the IEC and EPD, taking into account of the Contractor’s proposed actual locations of the works.

5.1.7.3 Regardless of the measured efficiency of the silt curtain system, the event and action plan should only be based on the monitoring results at the designated stationary monitoring stations.

5.1.8 General Impact Monitoring

5.1.8.1 During marine construction works, impact monitoring should be undertaken at all designated monitoring stations three days per week (refer to Table 5‑2 for the activities to be monitored). Monitoring should be undertaken at mid-flood (within ± 1.75 hour of the predicted time) and mid-ebb (within ± 1.75 hour of the predicted time) tides, with sampling / measurement at the designated stationary monitoring stations. The interval between two sets of monitoring should be not less than 36 hours except when the Action and/or Limit levels is/are exceeded, in which case the monitoring frequency should be increased. For DCM impact monitoring, please refer to Section 5.1.9

5.1.8.2 Two consecutive measurements of DO concentrations (mg/L), DO saturation (%) and turbidity (NTU) should be taken in-situ according to the stated sampling method. Where the difference in value between the first and second measurement of DO or turbidity parameters is more than 25 % of the value of the first reading, the reading should be discarded and further readings would be taken. Water samples for SS (mg/L) measurements should be collected at the same depths. Duplicate water samples should be taken and analysed.

5.1.8.3 In addition to the above in-situ measurements, water temperature and pH should be determined at all designated monitoring stations at the same depths, as specified above. The monitoring location / position, time, weather conditions and any special phenomena should also be recorded.

5.1.9 DCM Impact Monitoring

Initial Intensive DCM Monitoring

5.1.9.1 According to the current design, DCM would be conducted within the contaminated mud pits during land formation. At the commencement of full-scale DCM works, ET is required to conduct an initial intensive DCM-specific water quality monitoring programme for a period of at least four weeks to ensure that the criteria for various contaminants are complied. This would be conducted for a cluster of DCM rigs as specified in Section 5.1.5.4.

5.1.9.2 Daily monitoring at mid-flood (within ± 1.75 hour of the predicted time) and mid-ebb (within ± 1.75 hour of the predicted time) tides is required during the initial intensive DCM monitoring as shown in Chart 5-1. Two consecutive measurements of temperature (^oC) and alkalinity (ppm) should be taken in-situ according to the stated sampling method. Water samples for nutrient (mg/L) and heavy metals (µg/L) measurements should be collected at the same depths. Monitoring parameters for nutrients and heavy metals include those listed in Table 5‑1. Duplicate water samples should be taken and analysed. If no exceedance is recorded within two weeks, then the monitoring frequency can be reduced to every two days. If no exceedance is recorded after another two weeks, the initial intensive DCM specific monitoring will be terminated and DCM monitoring will continue as part of the regular DCM monitoring.

Regular DCM Monitoring

5.1.9.3 After completion of the initial intensive DCM monitoring, regular DCM monitoring will be conducted as part of the general impact monitoring presented in Section 5.1.8 for the remaining duration of the DCM works. During this period, alkalinity and two representative heavy metals will be monitored at all general monitoring stations in addition to those parameters specified in Table 5‑2. The two representative heavy metals shall be proposed by the ET taking into account the findings of the initial intensive DCM monitoring. Two consecutive measurements of alkalinity (ppm) should be taken in-situ according to the stated sampling method, and water samples for heavy metals (µg/L) measurements should be collected at the same depths. Duplicate water samples should be taken and analysed.

5.1.9.4 During this regular DCM monitoring period, if there is any exceedance of the limit levels for alkalinity and the two representative heavy metals for two consecutive sampling days and such exceedance is confirmed by the ET (with verification by the IEC) to be a result of the DCM works, intensive DCM monitoring will be re-initiated as shown in Chart 5-1. Monitoring parameters during the intensive DCM monitoring will be the same as those conducted for the initial intensive DCM monitoring until such time as no further exceedances are detected and regular DCM monitoring resumes.

Chart 5-1: Flow Chart for DCM Monitoring

*Exceedances for alkalinity and the two representative heavy metals should be confirmed by ET and verified by IEC as project-related.

5.1.10 Post-Construction Monitoring

5.1.10.1 Upon completion of all marine construction works, a post project water quality monitoring exercise should be carried out for four weeks, in the same manner as the impact monitoring during construction phase.

5.1.11 Event and Action Plan for Water Quality

5.1.11.1 The action and limit (AL) levels for water quality (excluding sensitive receiver stations representing seawater intakes) are defined in Table 5‑3.

Table 5‑3: Action and Limit Levels for Water Quality

Parameters	Action Level	Limit Level
DO in mg/L (Surface, Middle & Bottom)	Surface and Middle 5 percentile of baseline data for surface and middle layer	Surface and Middle 5 mg/L or 1 percentile of baseline data for surface and middle layer for Fish Culture Zone (SR7) 4 mg/L or 1 percentile of baseline data for surface and middle layer for other stations
DO in mg/L (Surface, Middle & Bottom)	Bottom 5 percentile of baseline data for bottom layer	Bottom 2 mg/L or 1 percentile of baseline data for surface and middle layer
Temperature in ^oC (for intensive DCM monitoring only)	1.8^oC above the temperature recorded at representative control stations at the same tide of the same day	2^oC above the temperature recorded at representative control stations at the same tide of the same day
SS in mg/L	95 percentile of baseline data or 120% of upstream control station at the same tide of the same day, whichever is higher	99 percentile of baseline data or 130% of upstream control station at the same tide of the same day, whichever is higher
Turbidity in NTU
Alkalinity in ppm
Nutrient
Ammonia (NH₃)
Unionised ammonia (NH₃) (with 0.021 mg/L as the upper limit)
Nitrite (NO₂)
Nitrate (NO₃)
TKN
Total Phosphorus
Reactive Phosphorus
Heavy Metals
Cadmium (Cd)		0.2 µg/L
Chromium (Cr)		15 µg/L
Copper (Cu)		3.1 µg/L
Nickel (Ni)		8.2 µg/L
Lead (Pb)		7.2 µg/L
Zinc (Zn)		10 µg/L
Arsenic (As)		25 µg/L
Silver (Ag)		1.9 µg/L
Mercury (Hg)		0.05 µg/L

Notes:

1. For DO measurement, non-compliance occurs when monitoring result is lower than the limits.

2. For parameters other than DO, non-compliance of water quality results when monitoring results is higher than the limits.

3. Depth-averaged results are used unless specified otherwise.

4. All the figures given in the table are used for reference only and the EPD may amend the figures whenever necessary.

5. For all mobile impact stations, the baseline data will be represented by the nearest stationary monitoring station.

5.1.11.2 For sensitive receiver stations representing seawater intakes for cooling (e.g. SR1 and SR8), only the event and action level for SS parameter would be applicable (as the operation of these intakes would not be significant affected by the other water quality parameters). At these cooling water intakes, the AL levels for SS are dependent on the operational tolerance of individual intakes. The ET will propose suitable AL levels for SS at individual sensitive receiver stations representing seawater intakes, and this shall be agreed with the IEC and the respective operators of the intakes prior to commencement of construction activities.

5.1.11.3 The actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan in Table 5‑4 and Table 5‑5 should be carried out if the water quality assessment criteria are exceeded at any designated monitoring points.

Table 5‑4: Event and Action Plan for Water Quality

	Action
Action level being exceeded by one sampling day	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC and Contractor; 4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor; 6. Repeat measurement on next day of exceedance.	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures.
Action Level being exceeded by more than two consecutive sampling days	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC and Contractor; 4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor; 6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented; 7. Prepare to increase the monitoring frequency to daily; 8. Repeat measurement on next day of exceedance.	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within 3 working days; 6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures.
Limit Level being exceeded by one sampling day	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC, Contractor and EPD; 4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor; 6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented; 7. Increase the monitoring frequency to daily until no exceedance of limit level.	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC, ET and Contractor on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Request Contractor to critically review the working methods; 3. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 4. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET, IEC and AAHK / PM and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within three working days; 6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures.
Limit Level being exceeded by more than one consecutive sampling days	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC, Contractor and EPD; 4. Check monitoring data, al plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor; 6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented; 7. Increase the monitoring frequency to daily until no exceedance of limit level for two consecutive days.	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC, ET and Contractor on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Request contractor to critically review the working methods; 3. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 4. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures; 5. Consider and instruct, if necessary, the Contractor to slow down or to stop all or part of the construction activities until no exceedance of limit level.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET, IEC and AAHK / PM and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within three working days; 6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures; 7. As directed by AAHK / PM, to slow down or to stop all or part of the construction activities.

Action

Event

IEC

AAHK / PM

Contractor

Action level being exceeded by one sampling day

1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings;

2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact;

3. Inform IEC and Contractor;

4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods;

5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor;

6. Repeat measurement on next day of exceedance.

1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures;

2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures;

2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing;

2. Rectify unacceptable practice;

3. Check all plant and equipment;

4. Consider changes of working methods;

5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures.

Action Level being exceeded by more than two consecutive sampling days

1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings;

2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact;

3. Inform IEC and Contractor;

4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods;

5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor;

6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented;

7. Prepare to increase the monitoring frequency to daily;

8. Repeat measurement on next day of exceedance.

1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures;

2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures;

2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing;

2. Rectify unacceptable practice;

3. Check all plant and equipment;

4. Consider changes of working methods;

5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within 3 working days;

6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures.

Limit Level being exceeded by one sampling day

1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings;

2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact;

3. Inform IEC, Contractor and EPD;

4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods;

5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor;

6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented;

7. Increase the monitoring frequency to daily until no exceedance of limit level.

1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures;

2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Discuss with IEC, ET and Contractor on the proposed mitigation measures;

2. Request Contractor to critically review the working methods;

3. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented;

4. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing;

2. Rectify unacceptable practice;

3. Check all plant and equipment;

4. Consider changes of working methods;

5. Discuss with ET, IEC and AAHK / PM and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within three working days;

6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures.

Limit Level being exceeded by more than one consecutive sampling days

1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings;

2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact;

3. Inform IEC, Contractor and EPD;

4. Check monitoring data, al plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods;

5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor;

6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented;

7. Increase the monitoring frequency to daily until no exceedance of limit level for two consecutive days.

1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures;

2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Discuss with IEC, ET and Contractor on the proposed mitigation measures;

2. Request contractor to critically review the working methods;

3. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented;

4. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures;

5. Consider and instruct, if necessary, the Contractor to slow down or to stop all or part of the construction activities until no exceedance of limit level.

1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing;

2. Rectify unacceptable practice;

3. Check all plant and equipment;

4. Consider changes of working methods;

5. Discuss with ET, IEC and AAHK / PM and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within three working days;

6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures;

7. As directed by AAHK / PM, to slow down or to stop all or part of the construction activities.

Table 5‑5: Event and Action Plan for DCM Process

	Action
Action level being exceeded by one sampling day	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC and Contractor; 4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor; 6. During intensive DCM monitoring, increase monitoring frequency in accordance with Chart 5-1. During regular DCM monitoring, repeat measurement on next day of exceedance.	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures.
Action Level being exceeded by more than two consecutive sampling days	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC and Contractor; 4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor; 6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented; 7. During intensive DCM monitoring, increase monitoring frequency in accordance with Chart 5-1. During regular DCM monitoring, repeat measurement on next day of exceedance and prepare to increase the monitoring frequency to daily.	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within 3 working days; 6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures. 7. As directed by AAHK / PM, to slow down all or part of the construction activities.
Limit Level being exceeded by one sampling day	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC, Contractor and EPD; 4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor; 6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented; 7. During intensive DCM monitoring, increase monitoring frequency in accordance with Chart 5-1. During regular DCM monitoring, increase the monitoring frequency to daily until no exceedance of limit level	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC, ET and Contractor on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Request Contractor to critically review the working methods; 3. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 4. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET, IEC and AAHK / PM and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within three working days; 6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures.
Limit Level being exceeded by more than one consecutive sampling days	1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings; 2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact; 3. Inform IEC, Contractor and EPD; 4. Check monitoring data, al plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods; 5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor; 6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented; 7. During intensive DCM monitoring, increase monitoring frequency in accordance with Chart 5-1. During regular DCM monitoring, re-initiate the intensive DCM monitoring in accordance with Chart 5-1.	1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures; 2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly; 3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.	1. Discuss with IEC, ET and Contractor on the proposed mitigation measures; 2. Request contractor to critically review the working methods; 3. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented; 4. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures; 5. Consider and instruct, if necessary, the Contractor to slow down or to stop all or part of the construction activities until no exceedance of limit level.	1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing; 2. Rectify unacceptable practice; 3. Check all plant and equipment; 4. Consider changes of working methods; 5. Discuss with ET, IEC and AAHK / PM and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within three working days; 6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures; 7. As directed by AAHK / PM, to stop all or part of the construction activities.

Action

Event

IEC

AAHK / PM

Contractor

Action level being exceeded by one sampling day

1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings;

2. identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact;

3. Inform IEC and Contractor;

4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods;

5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor;

6. During intensive DCM monitoring, increase monitoring frequency in accordance with Chart 5-1. During regular DCM monitoring, repeat measurement on next day of exceedance.

1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures;

2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures;

2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing;

2. Rectify unacceptable practice;

3. Check all plant and equipment;

4. Consider changes of working methods;

5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures.

Action Level being exceeded by more than two consecutive sampling days

1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings;

2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact;

3. Inform IEC and Contractor;

4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods;

5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC and Contractor;

6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented;

7. During intensive DCM monitoring, increase monitoring frequency in accordance with Chart 5-1. During regular DCM monitoring, repeat measurement on next day of exceedance and prepare to increase the monitoring frequency to daily.

1. Discuss with ET and Contractor on the mitigation measures;

2. Review proposals on mitigation measures submitted by Contractor and advise AAHK / PM accordingly;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Discuss with IEC on the proposed mitigation measures;

2. Make agreement on the mitigation measures to be implemented;

3. Assess the effectiveness of the implemented mitigation measures.

1. Inform AAHK / PM and confirm notification of the non-compliance in writing;

2. Rectify unacceptable practice;

3. Check all plant and equipment;

4. Consider changes of working methods;

5. Discuss with ET and IEC and propose mitigation measures to IEC and AAHK / PM within 3 working days;

6. Implement the agreed mitigation measures.

7. As directed by AAHK / PM, to slow down all or part of the construction activities.

Limit Level being exceeded by one sampling day

1. Repeat in-situ measurement to confirm findings;

2. Identify reasons for non-compliance and sources of impact;

3. Inform IEC, Contractor and EPD;

4. Check monitoring data, all plant, equipment and Contractor’s working methods;

5. Discuss mitigation measures with IEC, AAHK / PM and Contractor;

6. Ensure mitigation measures are implemented;

7. During intensive DCM monitoring, increase monitoring frequency in accordance with Chart 5-1. During regular DCM monitoring, increase the monitoring frequency to daily until no exceedance of limit level