7 Waste Management Implication

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 This section identifies the types of construction- and operation-related wastes that are likely to be generated by the Project and evaluates the potential environmental impacts that may result from handling, transport and disposal of the waste.

7.1.2 The main environmental concern regarding waste arises from the construction and demolition materials from earthworks and general construction waste/surplus materials for the proposed road improvement works. Mitigation measures and good site practices, including waste handling, storage and disposal have been recommended with reference to the applicable waste legislation and guidelines.

7.2 Environmental Legislation, Plans, Standards and Guidelines

7.2.1 The criteria and guidelines for assessing waste management implications are outlined in Annex 7 and 15, respectively, of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM).

7.2.2 The following legislation, which has been used in assessing potential impacts, relates to the handling, treatment and disposal of wastes in the Hong Kong SAR:

Ÿ Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap.354);

Ÿ Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste)(General) Regulation (Cap.354C);

Ÿ Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation (Cap.354N);

Ÿ Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap.28);

Ÿ Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap.132BK) – Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation.

Waste Management

7.2.3 The Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO) prohibits the unauthorised disposal of wastes. Construction waste, defined under Cap. 354N of the WDO means any substance, matter or thing that is generated from construction works and abandoned, whether or not it has been processed or stockpiled before being abandoned, but does not include any sludge, screenings or matter removed in or generated from any desludging, desilting or dredging works.  Under WDO, waste can be disposed of only at designated waste disposal facilities licensed by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD).

7.2.4 Issued under the WDO, the Chemical Waste (General) Regulation 1992 administers the possession, storage, collection, transport and disposal of chemical wastes. The EPD has also issued a ‘guideline’ document, the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of chemical Wastes (1992), which details how the Contractor should comply with the regulations on chemical wastes.

7.2.5 The Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation provides control on illegal tipping of wastes on unauthorised (unlicensed) sites.

Construction of Demolition (C&D) Materials

7.2.6 The current policy related to the dumping of C&D materials[1] is documented in the Works Branch Technical Circular (WBTC) No. 2/93, ‘Public Dumps’. C&D materials that are wholly inert, namely public fill, should not be disposed of to landfill, but taken to public filling areas. That usually form part of reclamation schemes. The Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance requires that dumping licences be obtained by individuals or companies who deliver public fill to public filling areas. The licences are issued by Civil Engineering and Development Depart (CEDD) under delegated powers from the Director of Lands.

7.2.7 In addition to the WBTC, EPD and CEDD have produced a leaflet titled ‘New Disposal Arrangements for Construction Waste’ (1992) and together with the approved Construction Waste Disposal Charging Scheme (2005) by the Legislative Council that C&D materials with less than 50% by weight of inert materials will be accepted at landfill. If the C&D materials contain more than 50% inert materials, the waste must be sorted with inert materials sent to a public filling area and the non-inert materials (that is, C&D wastes) sent to landfill for final disposal.

7.2.8 Measures have been introduced under Paragraph 4.1.3 of Chapter 4 of the Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineering Works to enhance the management of C&D materials including rock, and to minimize its generation at source. The enhancement measures include:

(i) Drawing up a Construction and Demolition Materials Management Plan (C&DMMP) at an early design stage to minimize C&D materials generation;

(ii) Vetting of the C&DMMP prior to upgrading of the project to Category A in the Public Works Programme; and

(iii) Providing the contractor with information from the C&DMMP in order to help the contractor prepare the Waste Management Plan (WMP) and to minimize C&D materials generation during construction.

7.2.9 Technical circular ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 introduces additional measures to enhance waste management on construction sites. The circular sets out the policy and procedures requiring contractors to prepare and implement an enhanced WMP to encourage on-site sorting of C&D materials and to minimize generation of C&D materials during the course of construction.

Chemical Waste

7.2.10 Under the regulation of WDO, the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste)(General) Regulation provides regulations of chemical waste control, and administers the possession, storage, collection, transport and disposal of chemical wastes. EPD has also issued a ‘guideline’ document, the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992), which details how the Contractor should comply with the regulations on chemical wastes.

7.3 Assessment Methodologies

7.3.1 The methods of assessing potential waste management impacts during the construction phase follow the presented in Annex 15 of the EIAO-TM and include the following:

Ÿ Estimation of the types and quantities of the wastes generated;

Ÿ Examination of opportunities for waste reduction and re-use (both on-site and off-site) and the required disposal options for each type of waste;

Ÿ Assessment of potential environmental impacts from the transport/management of solid waste with respect of potential hazards, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharges; and

Ÿ Identification of impacts on the capacity of waste collection, transfer and disposal facilities.

7.4 Identification of Potential Environmental Impacts

7.4.1 The main construction activities which will potentially result in the generation of wastes in this Project include:

Junction of (J/O) Lin Tak Road and Sau Mau Ping Road

(i) Site clearance;

(ii) Rock slope cutting;

(iii) Construction of retaining walls;

(iv) Construction of flyover;

(v) Construction of additional lay-by along Lin Tak Road; and

(vi) Road re-alignment works

J/O Clear Water Bay Road and On Sau Road and J/O Clear Water Bay Road and New Clear Water Bay Road

(i) Site clearance;

(ii) Soil slope cutting;

(iii) Construction of retaining walls;

(iv) Construction of U-turn facility; and

(v) Road re-alignment works

J/O New Clear Water Bay Road near Shun Lee Tsuen Road

(i) Site clearance;

(ii) Construction of retaining walls;

(iii) Road re-alignment works; and

(iv) Road widening works

7.4.2 The construction activities to be carried out for the proposed Project would be generate a variety of wastes that can be divided into distinct categories based on their compositions and ultimate methods of disposal. The identified wastes types are:

Ÿ Construction and demolition (C&D) materials;

Ÿ General refuses; and

Ÿ Chemical wastes.

7.4.3 No wastes are expected to be generated during the operation of the Project.

7.5 Prediction & Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

7.5.1 The nature of each type of waste arising is described below, together with an evaluation of the potential environmental impacts associated with the wastes.

Construction Phase

Construction and Demolition Materials

7.5.2 C&D materials would be generated from site clearance, demolition of existing roads, slope excavation works, construction of new roads, retaining walls and piling works. These C&D materials comprise both inert and non-inert components, such as vegetation, soil, artificial hard materials (i.e. broken concrete, etc), rocks, wood and metals. The Engineer has estimated the volume of C&D materials to be approximately 168,700m³ of inert materials (i.e. public fill) and approximately 2,600m³ of non-inert materials (i.e. C&D waste). There is no sediment present requiring marine disposal.

7.5.3 The C&D materials would be sorted on-site. Owing to the limited site area and site constraints of the Project, the inert portion would not be stockpiled practically, and part of the inert portion would be transferred to the site formation and infrastructural works site (SF&I site) of the Development of Anderson Road Quarry Site that requires import fill materials, to minimise the net amount of C&D materials generated from this Project. Apart from the inert C&D materials transferred to the SF&I site, the granitic rocks are to be recycled in rock quarry sites and the remaining inert C&D materials are to be disposed to Public Filling Area. The Project Proponent shall notify Public Fill Committee (PFC) of CEDD for the estimated spoil volumes to be generated and liaise and agree with the PFC for the disposal of the inert C&D materials during the detailed design phase of the Project. A summary of inert C&D materials generated during construction phase is shown in Table 7.1. The potential environmental impacts arising from the handling and disposal of the inert C&D materials, such as air and odour emissions, noise and potential hazard, would be negligible. Appropriate measures should be taken to minimise potential adverse impacts from dust during the transportation of C&D materials.

Table 7.1 Summary of Inert C&D Materials Quantities Generated

Site	Granitic Rock (Grade III or below) (m^3)	Artificial Hard Materials (m^3)	Inert C&D Materials to be Reused^(1) (m^3)	Total Volume (m^3)
J/O Lin Tak Road and Sau Mau Ping Road	71,300	7,700	20,500	99,500
J/O Clear Water Bay Road and On Sau Road and J/O Clear Water Bay Road and New Clear Water Bay Road	1,300	2,000	25,600	28,900
J/O New Clear Water Bay Road near Shun Lee Tsuen Road	1,000	3,500	35,800	40,300

Remarks:

(1) Inert C&D materials would be transferred to SF&I site of Anderson Road Quarry that requires import fill materials.

7.5.4 The estimated volumes of inert and non-inert C&D materials generated from the construction of the Project are presented in Table 7.2 below, together with the estimated volumes of inert C&D materials to be disposed to public filling area. The timing of these construction activities is shown in Table 7.3.

Table 7.2 Summary of Inert and Non-inert C&D Materials Volumes Generated from Construction Activities

Construction Activity	Inert C&D Materials (m^3)	Inert C&D Materials to be Reused^(1) (m^3)	Inert C&D Materials to be Recycled in Rock Quarry Sites (m^3)	Inert C&D Materials to be Disposed to Public Filling Area (m^3)	Non-inert C&D Materials^(2) (m^3)
J/O Lin Tak Road and Sau Mau Ping Road
(i) Site Clearance	-	-	-	-	200
(ii) Cut Slope	78,600	8,600	70,000	-	200
(iii) Earthworks (i.e. Retaining Wall)	12,500	11,500	1,000	-	200
(iv) Roadworks Construction, including Roadworks of Flyover	8,400	7,300	300	800	100
Total Volume	99,500	27,400	71,300	800	700
J/O Clear Water Bay Road and On Sau Road and J/O Clear Water Bay Road and New Clear Water Bay Road
(i) Site Clearance	-	-	-	-	200
(ii) Cut Slope	16,500	16,500	-	-	200
(iii) Earthworks (i.e. Retaining Wall)	9,100	8,300	800	-	200
(iv) Roadworks Construction	3,300	2,800	500	-	200
Total Volume	28,900	27,600	1,300	-	800
J/O New Clear Water Bay Road near Shun Lee Tsuen Road
(i) Site Clearance	-	-	-	-	500
(ii) Earthworks (i.e. Retaining wall)	36,400	35,500	900	-	400
(iii) Roadworks Construction	3,900	3,600	100	200	200
Total Volume	40,300	39,100	1,000	200	1,100

Remarks:

(1) Inert C&D materials would be transferred to SF&I site of Anderson Road Quarry that requires import fill materials.

(2) Non-inert C&D materials includes, but not limited to, vegetation from site clearance, timber, paper, plastic, etc.

Table 7.3 Anticipated Timing of Wastes Arising/Generation from Construction Activities and Disposal

Construction Activity	Anticipated Timing
J/O Lin Tak Road and Sau Mau Ping Road
(i) Site Clearance	End 2016 to Early 2017
(ii) Cut Slope	Early 2017 to Early 2018
(iii) Earthworks (i.e. retaining wall)	Early 2017 to Early 2019
(iv) Roadworks Construction, including roadworks of flyover	Mid 2017 to Early 2022
J/O Clear Water Bay Road and On Sau Road and J/O Clear Water Bay Road and New Clear Water Bay Road
(i) Site Clearance	End 2016 to Early 2017
(ii) Cut Slope	Early 2019 to Early 2019
(iii) Earthworks (i.e. retaining wall)	Early 2017 to End 2017
(iv) Roadworks Construction	Mid 2017 to Mid 2020
J/O New Clear Water Bay Road near Shun Lee Tsuen Road
(i) Site Clearance	End 2016 to Early 2017
(ii) Earthworks (i.e. retaining wall)	Early 2017 to Mid 2018
(iii) Roadworks Construction	Early 2017 to Early 2020

7.5.5 It is anticipated that all excavated materials would be sorted on-site, and required fill materials would be transferred to the SF&I site that requires import fill materials, and disposal of as a last resort.

7.5.6 Non-inert C&D materials generated would be reused and recycled as much as possible before disposing to landfills. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to separate the inert and non-inert C&D materials on site.

7.5.7 The Contractor would quantify in the site Waste Management Plan the amount of C&D materials expected to be generated.

General Refuse

7.5.8 Throughout construction, the workforce would generate refuse comprising food scraps, waste paper, empty containers, etc. Escape of such refuse from the site should not be allowed to occur.

7.5.9 Effective collection and removal of site wastes will be required to prevent waste materials being blown around by wind, flushed or leached into the aquatic environment, and to prevent odour nuisance. The work sites may also attract pests and vermin if the waste storage area is not well maintained and cleaned regularly. Disposal of refuse must be at approved waste transfer or disposal facilities. With the implementation of good waste management practices at the site, adverse environmental impacts would not be expected to arise from the storage, handling and transportation of refuse.

Chemical Waste

7.5.10 The maintenance and servicing of construction plant and equipment may possibly generate some chemical wastes, for instance, cleaning fluids, solvents, lubrication oil and fuel. Maintenance of vehicles may also involve the use of a variety of chemicals, oil and lubricants.

7.5.11 Chemical wastes arising during the construction phase may pose environmental, health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of in an appropriate manner as stipulated in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulations. The potential hazards include:

Ÿ Toxic effects on the workforce.

Ÿ Adverse impacts on water quality and aquatic biota from spills.

Ÿ Fire hazards.

7.5.12 Materials classified as chemical wastes will require special handling and storage arrangements before removal for appropriate treatment at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre at Tsing Yi. Wherever possible opportunities should be taken to reuse and recycle materials. Mitigation and control requirements for chemical wastes are detailed in Section 7.6. Provided that the handling, storage and disposal of chemical wastes are in accordance with these requirements, adverse environmental impacts are not expected to result.

Uncertainties in Prediction & Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

7.5.13 It is difficult to quantify the amount of general refuse and chemical waste that will arise from the construction activities since it would be highly dependent on the Contractor’s on-site maintenance requirements and the number of plant utilised. However, as a worst case, it is estimated that a factor of 0.65 kg per worker per day of general refuse will be generated. The total quantity of waste generated would thus be estimated 230 kg per day, assuming the size of the work force would be a maximum of 350 resident site staff and construction workers. Also it is anticipated that the quantity of chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and solvent produced from plant maintenance, would be small and in the order of a few cubic metres (<2m³) over the construction period. The amount of chemical waste to be generated would be quantified in the site Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor.

Operational Phase

7.5.14 It is expected that no waste will be generated during the operational phase of the Project. As such it is considered that there should have no adverse environmental impacts.

7.6 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts

Good Site Practices

7.6.1 Appropriate waste handling, transportation and disposal methods for all waste arising generated during the construction works for the Project should be implemented to ensure that construction wastes do not enter the nearby streams or drainage channel.

7.6.2 It is anticipated that adverse impacts would not arise in the construction site, provided that good site practices are strictly followed. Recommendations for good site practices during the construction activities include:

Ÿ Nomination of approved personnel, such as a site manager, to be responsible for good site practices, and making arrangements for collection of all wastes generated at the site and effective disposal to an appropriate facility.

Ÿ Training of site personnel in proper waste management and chemical waste handling procedures.

Ÿ Provision of sufficient waste reception/ disposal points, of a suitable vermin-proof design that minimises windblown litter.

Ÿ Arrangement for regular collection of waste for transport off-site and final disposal.

Ÿ Appropriate measures to minimise windblown litter and dust during transportation of waste by either covering trucks or by transporting wastes in enclosed containers.

Ÿ Regular cleaning and maintenance programme for drainage systems, sumps and oil interceptors.

Ÿ A recording system for the amount of wastes generated, recycled and disposed (including the disposal sites) should be proposed.

Ÿ A Waste Management Plan should be prepared and should be submitted to the Engineer for approval. One may make reference to ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 for details.

7.6.3 In order to monitor the disposal of C&D materials at landfills and public filling areas, as appropriate, and to control fly tipping, a trip-ticket system should be included as one of the contractual requirements to be implemented by an Environmental Team undertaking the Environmental Monitoring and Audit work. One may take reference to DEVB TCW No.6/2010 for details.

Waste Reduction Measures

7.6.4 Good management and control of construction site activities/ processes can minimise the generation of waste. Waste reduction is best achieved at the planning and design stage, as well as by ensuring the implementation of good site practices. Recommendations to achieve waste reduction include:

Ÿ Segregate and store different types of construction related waste in different containers, skips or stockpiles to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal.

Ÿ Provide separate labelled bins to segregate recyclable waste such as aluminium cans from other general refuse generated by the work force, and to encourage collection by individual collectors.

Ÿ Any unused chemicals or those with remaining functional capacity shall be recycled.

Ÿ Maximising the use of reusable steel formwork to reduce the amount of C&D materials.

Ÿ Prior to disposal of C&D waste, it is recommended that wood, steel and other metals shall be separated for re-use and / or recycling to minimise the quantity of waste to be disposed of to landfill.

Ÿ Adopt proper storage and site practices to minimise the potential for damage to, or contamination of, construction materials.

Ÿ Plan the delivery and stock of construction materials carefully to minimise the amount of waste generated.

Ÿ Minimize over ordering of concrete, mortars and cement grout by doing careful check before ordering.

7.6.5 In addition to the above measures, other specific mitigation measures are recommended below to minimise environmental impacts during handling, transportation and disposal of wastes.

Construction and Demolition Materials

7.6.6 The C&D materials generated from site clearance, demolition of existing roads, slope excavation works, and construction of new roads, retaining wall and piling works should be sorted on-site into inert C&D materials (that is, public fill) and C&D waste. To minimise the impact resulting from collection and transportation of C&D materials as far as practicable, C&D waste, such as wood, plastic, steel and other metals should be reused or recycled and, as a last resort, disposed to landfill. A suitable area should be designated within the site for temporary stockpiling of C&D materials and to facilitate the sorting process. Within the stockpile areas, the following measures should be taken to control potential environmental impacts or nuisance:

Ÿ Waste such as soil should be handled and stored well to ensure secure containment;

Ÿ Covering materials during heavy rainfall;

Ÿ Stockpiling area should be provided with covers and water spraying system to prevent materials from wind-blown or being washed away;

Ÿ Locating stockpiles to minimise potential visual impacts; and

Ÿ Minimising land intake of stockpile areas as far as possible.

General Refuse

7.6.7 General refuse should be stored in enclosed bins or compaction units separate from C&D materials. A reputable waste collector should be employed by the contractor to remove general refuse from the site, separately from C&D materials. An enclosed and covered area is preferred to reduce the occurrence of 'wind blown' light materials.

Chemical Wastes

7.6.8 If chemical wastes were to be produced at the construction site, the Contractor would be required to register with the EPD as a Chemical Waste Producer, and to follow the guidelines stated in the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes. Good quality containers compatible with the chemical wastes should be used, and incompatible chemicals should be stored separately. Appropriate labels should be securely attached on each chemical waste container indicating the corresponding chemical characteristics of the waste such as explosive, flammable, oxidizing, irritant, toxic, harmful, corrosive, etc. The Contractor shall use a licensed collector to transport the chemical wastes. The licensed collector shall deliver the waste to the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre at Tsing Yi, or other licensed facility, in accordance with the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation.

7.6.9 Table 7.4 provides a summary of the various waste types likely to be generated during the construction works for the Project, together with the recommended handling and disposal methods.

Table 7.4 Waste Arising, Waste Handling Procedures and Disposal Routes

Waste Material Type	Generated From	Materials Generated	Total Quantity Generated	Disposal	Handling Methods/Reuse
C&D Materials	Site clearance, slope cutting, road re-alignment works, constructions of retaining wall, flyover and carriageway	Inert C&D materials – Rock, Soft Materials and Artificial Hard Materials	168,700m^3	Suitable materials to be reused in SF&I site and the remaining portion to be disposed to public filling areas Granitic rock (Grade III or below) material to be sorted out on site and recycled in rock quarry sites	Ÿ Segregation from non-inert C&D materials during transportation Ÿ Appropriate inert C&D materials to be transferred to SF&I Site Ÿ Stockpile area (if required) should be well managed with covers and water spraying system
		Non-inert C&D materials – Vegetation, Timber, Papers and Plastics	2,600m^3	To be disposed to landfill	Ÿ Segregation from inert C&D materials during transportation Ÿ Reusable materials should be separated and recycled as far as practicable
General Refuse	Resident site staff and construction workers	Food waste, plastic, aluminium cans, waste papers etc.	230kg/day	Refuse station for compaction and containerisation and then to landfill	Ÿ Provide on-site collection points together with recycling bins Ÿ Collected by licensed collectors
Chemical Waste	Maintenance and servicing of construction plant and equipment	Oils and grease hydraulic fluids, paints, solvents, cleaners etc.	<2m^3	Chemical Waste Treatment Centre	Ÿ Store in compatible containers in designated area on site Ÿ To be collected and recycled by licensed collectors

7.7 Evaluation of Residual Environmental Impacts

7.7.1 With the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures for the handling, transportation and disposal of the identified waste arising, adverse residual impact is not expected to occur during the construction of the proposed Project.

7.8 EM&A Requirements

7.8.1 It will be the Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that any wastes produced during the construction of the Project are handled, stored and disposed in accordance with good waste management practices and relevant regulations and other legislative requirements. The recommended mitigation measures should form the basis of the site Waste Management Plan to be developed by the Contractor in the construction stage.

7.9 Conclusions

7.9.1 Waste types generated by the construction activities are likely to include inert and non-inert C&D materials from site clearance, demolition of existing roads, slope excavation works, construction of new roads, general refuse from the workforce and chemical wastes from the maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment. To minimize the net amount of C&D materials generated from this Project, part of the inert portion would be transferred to the SF&I site of the Development of Anderson Road Quarry Site while the granitic rock would be sorted out on site and recycled in rock quarry sites. The remaining inert portion is to be disposed to Public Filling Area. Non-inert C&D materials generated would be reused and recycled as much as possible before disposing to landfills. Provided that the identified wastes would be handled, transported and disposed of using the recommended methods and that good site practices would be strictly followed, adverse environmental impacts are not expected.

7.9.2 The waste management assessment has recommended good waste management practices to ensure that adverse environmental impacts are prevented. The assessment concluded that no unacceptable environmental impacts would result from the storage, handling, collection, transport and disposal of wastes arising from the construction and operation of the project.

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[1] “C&D materials” contains a mixture of inert and non-inert materials. The inert portion is the “public fill” and the non-inert portion is the “C&D waste”.