5
6
7
8.1.1
Referring to the Sections 2.5 and 2.6
of this EIA report, the environmental and engineering considerations have been
identified and evaluated for Cavern Options 1-4 and Tunnel Options 1-8. The relocation site of Cavern Option 3 and the
tunnel portal adjacent to the Lion Rock Park Transit Nursey of Tunnel Option 8
are adopted and formed as the preferred options (Refer to Section 2.7). The
ecological impact assessment is assessed and evaluated based on the preferred
option.
8.1.2
This section presents an assessment of potential
direct and indirect ecological impacts associated with the construction and
operation of the Project. Mitigation measures to avoid, minimise and mitigate
the impacts have been recommended.
8.2.1
The EIA Study Brief No.: ESB-317/2019 for the
Project issued in June 2019 has stipulated the technical requirements for
ecological impact assessment (EcoIA), The aim of the ecological impact
assessment is to protect, maintain or rehabilitate the natural environment, in
particular, to avoid or minimise impacts on recognised sites of conservation
importance and other ecologically sensitive areas. The assessment is intended
to identify and quantify as far as possible the potential ecological impacts
arising from the construction and operation phases of the Project on the
natural environment and its associated wildlife and habitats or species.
8.3.1
A number of international conventions, local
legislation and guidelines provide the framework for the protection of species
and habitats of ecological importance. Those related to the Project include:
·
Wild
Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170), which protects wild animals listed
under the second schedule from being hunted, possession, sale or export,
disturbance of their nest or egg without permission by authorized officer
·
Protection
of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586), which
regulates the import, introduction from the sea, export, re-export, and
possession of specimens of a scheduled species, including live, dead, parts or
derivatives. The Ordinance applies to all activities involving endangered
species which include the parties of traders, tourists and individuals
·
EIAO
Guidance Notes NO. 6/2012, 7/2010, 10/2010 and 11/2010. These guidance
notes provide the observations on Ecological Assessment from the EIAO
perspective, providing the general guidelines for conducting an ecological
baseline survey for ecological assessment, introducing some methodologies in
conducting terrestrial and freshwater ecological baseline surveys, and
methodologies for marine ecological baseline surveys respectively
·
Country
Parks Ordinance (Cap. 208) which gives designation to country parks and
special areas to protect the vegetation and wildlife for the public enjoyment
·
Forests
and Countryside Ordinance (Cap.96) prohibits felling, cutting, burning or
destroying of trees and growing plants in forests and plantations on Government
land. Related subsidiary Regulations prohibit the selling or possession of
listed restricted and protected plant species. The list of protected species
in Hong Kong which comes under the Forestry Regulations was last
amended on 11 June 1993 under the Forestry (Amendment) Regulation 1993 made
under Section 3 of the Forests and Countryside
Ordinance.
·
Town
Planning Ordinance (Cap. 131) which gives designation to conservation area,
green belts, sites of special scientific interest, coastal protection area, and
other specified uses to promote conservation, protection and education of the
valuable environment
·
Hong Kong
Planning Standards and Guidelines Chapter 10 (HKPSG) provides the
guidelines on landscape and conservation to achieve a balance between the need
for development and the need to minimise disruption of the landscape and
natural resources
·
The
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (the Bonn
Convention) is an intergovernmental treaty concluded under the aegis of the
United Nations Environment Programme concerned with the conservation of
wildlife and habitats on a global scale. Its aim is to conserve terrestrial,
marine and avian migratory species throughout their range
·
The IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species is widely recognised as the most
comprehensive, objective global approach for evaluating the conservation status
of plant and animal species. The goal of the IUCN Red List is to provide
information and analyses on the status, trends and threats to species in order
to inform and catalyse action for biodiversity conservation
·
Wild
Animal Protection Law of the Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC) is formulated
for the purpose of protecting and saving the species of wildlife which are rare
or near extinction, protecting, developing and rationally utilizing wildlife
resources and maintaining ecological balances
i.
Study Area
8.4.1
As stated in Section 3.4.8 of ESB-317/2019, the study
area for the purpose of terrestrial ecological impact assessment shall include
areas and LRCP within 500
metres distance from the boundary of the Project Area and any associated works
as well as any other area likely to be impacted by the Project.
8.4.2
The ecological impact assessment has been
conducted based on the preferred option.
ii.
Literature Review
8.4.3
The purpose of the literature review is to
identify existing information on the habitats and species present in Study Area.
The following studies and reports were reviewed to extract relevant information
on the flora and fauna present in these areas:
·
Final EIA Report for Shatin to Central Link –
Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section (Arup, 2011)
·
Baseline Ecological Survey Report – Relocation
of Diamond Hill Fresh Water and Salt Water Service Reservoirs to Caverns –
Feasibility Study (Mott MacDonald, 2017)
·
Baseline Ecological Survey and Assessment Report
– Relocation of Diamond Hill Fresh Water and Salt Water Service Reservoirs to
Caverns – Investigation, Design and Construction – Ecological Survey for Portal
Option near Lion Rock Park (AECOM, 2019)
8.4.4
Relevant literature that have been reviewed
include:
·
Hong Kong Biodiversity (AFCD Newsletter)
·
AFCD Unpublished Biodiversity Database (AFCD,
2002 to 2013)
·
Hong Kong Butterfly Inventory (Green Power Hong
Kong, 2008 to 2012)
·
Porcupine! (Newsletter of the Department of
Ecology and Biodiversity, Hong Kong University)
·
A Field Guide to the Terrestrial Mammals of Hong
Kong (Shek, 2006)
·
A Field Guide to the Amphibians of Hong Kong
(Chan et al., 2005)
·
Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Hong Kong, 2nd
Edition (Wilson, 2004)
·
Field Guide to the Freshwater Fish of Hong Kong
(Lee et al., 2004)
·
The Avifauna of Hong Kong (Carey et al., 2001)
·
Freshwater Fish in Hong Kong (Lam, 2002)
·
Hong Kong Bird Report (HKBWS, 2019)
LRCP
8.4.5
LRCP is one of the three earliest country parks
of Hong Kong. Designated on 24 June 1977, it covers a wide upland region set
between North Kowloon and Sha Tin. The park borders on Kam Shan Country Park to
the west by a boundary line on Tai Po Road, and commands a total area of 557
hectares (AFCD, 2019a). Lion Rock is a narrow mountain range stretching from
east to west. The southern slopes are abrupt with thin vegetation. By contrast,
the northern slopes are nourished by abundant streams, which in turn give rise
to flourishing flora.
8.4.6
The most common plants in LRCP are Chinese Red
Pine (Pinus massoniana), Strawberry
Tree (Myrica rubra), Chinese Hackberry (Celtis sinensis), Microcos (Microcos
paniculate), Fishpole Bamboo (Phyllostachys
aurea), Incense Tree (Aquilaria sinensis),
Ivy Tree (Schefflera heptaphylla),
Chinese New Year Flower (Enkianthus
quinqueflorus) and various Melastoma species. In one particular gap known
as Strawberry Tree Pass, Strawberry Trees (Myrica
rubra) flourish, while valleys and ravines in the park support great
numbers of shrubs and ferns. Dedicated cultivation and maintenance over the
decades have transformed these hills into thriving mixed forests of introduced
and native species (AFCD, 2019a).
8.4.7
Several habitats identified in the ecological
survey for the feasibility study of the current Project (Mott MacDonald, 2017)
and ecological survey for portal option near Lion Rock Park (AECOM, 2019)
partially overlap with the Study Area of the current Project. The habitats
identified by Mott MacDonald (2017) include woodland, shrubland, plantation,
stream and developed area. Habitats identified by AECOM (2019) include mixed
woodland, plantation, developed area and landscaped area. Both woodland and
mixed woodland are identified as secondary woodland for the current Project
while the landscaped area identified by AECOM (2019) forms part of the
plantation habitat of Lion Rock Park and developed area on the other side of
Chuk Yuen Road in the current Project.
8.4.8
Secondary woodland is found at the western
periphery of the Study Area on hill slopes adjacent to Lion Rock Upper Village
north of Lion Rock Park and north of Chuk Yuen North Estate and Pang Ching
Court. It is found in the northernmost part of the Study Area, above the trail
leading to the Reunification Pavilion within the LRCP. Most parts of this habitat are relatively
natural and dominated by native species in the understory, where it supports
moderate to high structural complexity with continuous canopy. The top layer of
the canopy is occasionally covered by exotic tree species commonly used for
tree plantation such as Acacia
auriculiformis and Lophostemon
confertus while the mid-layer is dominated by native tree species such as Celtis sinensis and Sterculia lanceolate (Mott MacDonald, 2017). Such differential
dominance of different canopy layers suggests that at least some part of this
habitat was once a tree plantation but has undergone substantial changes of
becoming a relatively natural woodland (Mott MacDonald, 2017). The tree canopy
consists mostly of semi-mature trees with heights mainly ranges from 12 to 15 m
and some mature trees up to about 25 m in height. Signs of human disturbance
are evident, particularly at the edges adjacent to roads, footpaths and
plantation area where exotic species commonly used for landscape planting are
commonly observed. Overall, this habitat supports a moderate to high floristic
diversity in the tree, shrub and herbaceous layers with 150 floral species
recorded.
8.4.9
Three floral species of conservation interest
were recorded in this habitat including Small Persimmon
(Diospyros vaccinioides), Incense
Tree (Aquilaria sinensis) and Hong
Kong Pavetta (Pavetta hongkongnensis).
Diospyros vaccinioides was recorded
in the secondary woodland northeast of Ma Chai Hang Fresh Water Service
Reservoir (FWSR) and in the shrubland at Sha Tin Pass Road (Mott MacDonald,
2017). Aquilaria sinensis was
recorded in the secondary woodland next to Lion Rock Park and Pavetta hongkongnensis was recorded on
the hillslope near the northern portal location at Lion Rock Park (AECOM,
2019).
8.4.10
Plantation mainly comprises the roadside amenity
landscaped areas and vegetated engineered slopes, usually between developed
areas and relatively natural hillslopes. It is mainly scattered in the southern
half of the Study Area. Within the Study Area, plantation mainly covers the
engineered slope north of Chuk Yuen North Estate and Pang Ching Court. This
habitat is characterised by high vegetation coverage with some paved
maintenance access or footpaths. Vegetation within roadside amenity areas is
mostly regularly maintained landscape planting such as lawn, shrubs and tree
planting while tree plantation on engineered slopes are mostly semi-mature
trees with heights ranging from 10 to 15m with an understorey shrub layer
co-dominated by exotic landscape species and self-seeded native species. This
habitat supports a moderate to high floristic diversity in the tree and shrub
layers with 135 floral species recorded (Mott MacDonald, 2017; AECOM, 2019).
8.4.11
Shrubland is the dominant habitat in the
northern and northwestern part of the Study Area. This habitat is dominated by
shrubs below 1.5 m with some scattered trees. Rock outcrop is often observed in
this habitat, indicating that this habitat is characterised by thin soil which
probably limits the development of trees. This habitat supports a moderate to
high floristic diversity in the shrub and herbaceous layers with 147 floral
species recorded (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.12
Two floral species of conservation interest,
namely Small Persimmon (Diospyros vaccinioides) and Red Azalea (Rhododendron simsii), were recorded in this habitat within the Study
Area. Diospyros vaccinioides was
observed adjacent to Shatin Pass Road at the edge of the shrubland habitat and Rhododendron simsii was recorded
adjacent to the footpath leading to the Lion Rock within the LRCP boundary.
8.4.13
Several stream courses are found within the
northern part of the Study Area running from north to south, but most of them
were only seasonal with no water flow observed even in wet season (Mott
MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.14
The stream courses are largely natural with
width of 1.5 to 2.5 m. A mixture of boulders, cobbles and sand is the common
substrate in the stream bed of most stream sections, while some short sections
are modified with hard paving near some of the confluences or decked over by
road structure. For the two stream courses with persistent flow where aquatic
fauna survey was conducted, both of them are largely natural with modified
sections near Shatin Pass Road.
8.4.15
This habitat supports a low floristic diversity
with 29 floral species recorded. Floral species of conservation interest, Diospyros
vaccinioides, was recorded in
the riparian zone of a stream adjacent to Shatin Pass Road at the northeastern
periphery of the Study Area.
8.4.16
Developed area mainly includes urban areas
dominated by residential development within the Study Area. A temple and the
existing DHSRs, part of which is for leisure recreational use with an urban
park setting, are also found in the Study Area. This habitat is characterised
by largely paved areas and building structures. Most of the vegetated areas in
this habitat are purposively planted and regularly maintained, which include
public recreational areas such as playgrounds and roadside amenity planting.
8.4.17
Because of the use of different landscape
species for planting in various areas, this habitat supports a high floristic
diversity and comprise common species (Mott MacDonald, 2017). No floral species
of conservation interest was recorded in this habitat (Mott MacDonald, 2017;
AECOM, 2019).
8.4.18
Around half of the Study Area covered the abrupt
southern slope of LRCP with another half of the Study Area is highly urbanised
area that very limited terrestrial mammal species could adapt to.
8.4.19
According to Shek (2006), there are only a few
mammal species records within or in close vicinity. These records include
Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx),
Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
and Eurasian Wild Pig (Sus scrofa).
It is worth noting that Shek (2006) also indicates records of several other
mammal species in the LRCP which is partially covered by the Study Area for the
ecological field survey of this Project although those records mainly
restricted to the western tip of the country park that is outside the Study
Area. These mammal species include Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta), Pallas’s Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), East Asian Porcupine (Hystrix brachyuran), Small-toothed
Ferret Badger (Melogale moschata),
Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata),
Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica),
Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)
and Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac).
8.4.20
Some of the above-mentioned mammal species are
of conservation interest. All bat species including Short-nosed Fruit Bat are
protected under Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170). Long-tailed
Macaque is a rare species and is protected under both Protection of Endangered
Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586) and Cap. 170. Also, East
Asian Porcupine is protected under Cap. 170 and is considered to be of
“Potential Global Concern” by Fellowes et
al. (2002). Moreover, Masked Palm Civet is listed in Cap. 170 and it is
considered to be of “Potential Regional Concern (Fellowes et al., 2002). Furthermore, Leopard Cat is listed in Cap. 170 and
is considered as “Vulnerable” in China Red Data Book (Wang, 1998). Red Muntjac
is considered to be of “Potential Regional Concern” by Fellowes et al. (2002) while Pallas’s Squirrel,
Small-toothed Ferret Badger and Small Indian Civet are all listed in Cap. 170.
8.4.21
Two species of conservation interest, namely
Rhesus Macaque and Short-nosed Fruit Bat, were previously recorded in the Study
Area of the current Project (Mott MacDonald, 2017; AECOM, 2019). Rhesus Macaque
was recorded in secondary woodland and developed area within Lion Rock Park
(AECOM, 2019). A group of 13 individuals of Rhesus Macaque was found on Sha Tin
Pass Road near the Fung Wong FWSR (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.22
Short-nosed Fruit Bat was recorded in the
secondary woodland behind Fat Jong Temple (Mott MacDonald, 2017) and the
landscaped area within Lion Rock Park (AECOM, 2019).
8.4.23
A total of 30 avifauna species were recorded in
the area between Ma Chai Hang, Diamond Hill and former Tai Hom Village for the
EIA study for Shatin to Central Link – Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section (Arup,
2011), which partially overlaps with the southeast part of the Study Area of
the current Project. Most of these species are landbirds. Out of the 30 species
recorded, three species are of conservation interest including Eastern Buzzard
(Buteo japonicus), White-throated
Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) and
Red-billed Starling (Spodiopsar sericeus).
8.4.24
Eastern Buzzard is a common winter visitor which
is protected under Cap. 586 and Cap.170. White-throated Kingfisher is a common
resident that is widely distributed in coastal areas throughout Hong Kong.
Although this species is present all year in Hong Kong, it is considered to be
of “Local Concern” by Fellowes et al.
(2002). Furthermore, Red-billed Starling is an abundant winter visitor to
open-country areas which is considered to be of “Global Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002).
8.4.25
Based on the ecological survey results of the
feasibility study for the current Project (Mott MacDonald, 2017) and the
results of ecological survey for portal options near Lion Rock Park (AECOM,
2019), a total of five species of conservation interest were recorded. These
species include Black Kite (Milvus
migrans), Chinese Hwamei (Garrulax
canorus), Collared Scops Owl (Otus
lettia), Eastern Buzzard and Accipiter spp.
8.4.26
Black Kite is a raptor listed in Protection of
Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586) and it is
considered to be of “Regional Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002). However, it is actually a common resident which is
widely distributed in Hong Kong (Allcock et
al. 2014). Black Kite was observed soaring above various habitats including
developed area, shrubland within LRCP, and plantation (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
Black Kite was also recorded soaring above developed area and landscaped area
at Lion Rock Park (AECOM, 2019).
8.4.27
Chinese Hwamei is listed in Protection of
Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586) but it is in fact
a common resident which is widely distributed in hillside shrubland throughout
Hong Kong (Allcock et al. 2014). Call
sound of an individual of Chinese Hwamei from secondary woodland was heard near
the Fat Jong Temple (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.28
Collared Scops Owl is listed in Protection of
Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586). It is a common
resident which is widely distributed in shrubland throughout Hong Kong (Allcock
et al. 2014). Collared Scops Owl were
recorded in shrubland in LRCP and shrubland behind Fung Wong FWSR (Mott
MacDonald, 2017). Collared Scops Owl was also recorded aurally in secondary
woodland during night-time survey (AECOM, 2019).
8.4.29
Eastern Buzzard was observed soaring above
secondary woodland habitat in the Study Area (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.30
A raptor, Accipter
spp., was recorded in-flight over secondary woodland (AECOM, 2019). All
raptors found in Hong Kong are listed as Class II in List of Wild Animals Under
State Protection (State Forestry Administration and Ministry of Agriculture,
1989).
Amphibians
8.4.31
Eleven amphibian species were previously
recorded in LRCP, including Hong Kong Newt (Paramesotriton
hongkongensis), Asian Common Toad (Bufo
melanostictus), Asiatic Painted Frog (Kaloula
pulchra pulchra), Hong Kong Cascade Frog (Amolops hongkongensis), Paddy Frog (Fejervarya limnocharis), Big Headed Frog (Limnonectes fujianensis), Lesser Spiny Frog (Quasipaa exilispinosa), Günther’s Frog (Hylarana guentheri), Brown Wood Frog (Hylarana latouchii), Green Cascade Frog (Odorrana chloronota) and Brown Tree Frog (Polypedates megacephalus) (Chan et
al., 2005).
8.4.32
Amongst these species, only Hong Kong Newt, Hong
Kong Cascade Frog, Big Headed Frog, Brown Wood Frog and Lesser Spiny Frog are
of conservation interest. Hong Kong Newt which is listed in Cap. 170 is also listed
as “Near Threatened” in IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2019) and considered to be of
“Potential Global Concern” by Fellowes et
al. (2002).
8.4.33
Hong Kong Cascade Frog is protected under Cap.
170, listed as “Endangered” in IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2019) and is considered to
be of “Potential Global Concern” (Fellowes et
al. 2002).
8.4.34
Big Headed Frog and Brown Wood Frog are
considered to be of “Local Concern” by Fellowes et al. (2002). Lesser Spiny Frog is listed as “Vulnerable” in IUCN
Red List (IUCN, 2019) and considered to be of “Potential Global Concern” by
Fellowes et al. (2002).
8.4.35
Three amphibian species that are of conservation
interest were recorded during the ecological surveys conducted by Mott
MacDonald (2017), namely Lesser Spiny Frog, Hong Kong Cascade Frog, and Big-headed
Frog.
8.4.36
Lesser Spiny Frog was recorded in the stream at
Sha Tin Pass Road with two individuals in the northeast part of the Study Area
and the catchwater in shrubland area (Mott MacDonald, 2017). Lesser Spiny Frog
was also recorded during AFCD biodiversity surveys at the stream at the
northeastern periphery of the Study Area (AFCD, n.d). Two individuals of Hong
Kong Cascade Frog were also recorded at the stream at Sha Tin Pass Road and one
individual of Big-headed Frog was recorded in the stream northwest of Tsui Chuk
Garden (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
Reptiles
8.4.37
Two species of conservation interest, namely
Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) and
Mountain Water Snake (Sinonatrix
percarinata percarinata), were recorded in the Study Area of the current
Project (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.38
Tokay Gecko is considered to be of “Regional
Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002) and
is considered as “Endangered” in China Red Data Book (Wang, 1998) and
“Critically Endangered” in Red List of China’s Vertebrates (Jiang et al. 2016). The calls of two
individuals of Tokay Gecko were heard in Fung Wong FWSR and one individual was
recorded in Fat Jong Temple. Tokay Gecko
was also recorded in the landscaped area in Lion Rock Park (AECOM, 2019).
8.4.39
Mountain Water Snake which is considered to be
of “Local Concern” (Fellowes et al.
2002), is distributed in streams in central New Territories (Shing Mun Country
Park, Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve, Tai Lam Country Park). This species was
recorded at the sampling location for aquatic fauna survey at Sha Tin Pass Road
(Mott MacDonald, 2017).
Butterflies and Odonates
Butterflies
8.4.40
Four species of conservation interests, namely
Tailed Sulphur (Dercas verhuelli
verhuelli), Orange Awlet (Bibasis
oedipodea belesis), Swallowtail (Papilio
xuthus xuthus) and Spotted Sawtooth (Prioneris
thestylis formosana) were previously recorded in the Study Area (Mott
MacDonald, 2017; AECOM, 2019). Dercas
verhuelli verhuelli is considered “Rare” in AFCD biodiversity database and
is widely distributed in Hong Kong (AFCD, 2019b). It was recorded in the
secondary woodland northwest of Wing Chuk Street (Mott MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.41
Bibasis
oedipodea belesis which is considered “Very Rare” in AFCD biodiversity
database (AFCD, 2019b) was recorded in secondary woodland next to Lion Rock
Park (AECOM, 2019). Moreover, Papilio
xuthus xuthus which is considered “Rare” in AFCD biodiversity database
(AFCD, 2019b), was recorded in the landscaped area within Lion Rock Park
(AECOM, 2019). Furthermore, Prioneris
thestylis formosana, which is considered “Rare” in AFCD biodiversity
database (AFCD, 2019b) and of “Local Concern” by Fellowes et al. (2002), was recorded in the landscaped area within Lion Rock
Park (AECOM, 2019).
Odonates
8.4.42
Species of conservation interest, Chinese
Yellowface (Agriomorpha fusca), was
previously recorded in shrubland area at Sha Tin Pass Road (Mott MacDonald,
2017). Chinese Yellowface is considered to be of “Local Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002) and is widely distributed
in forest seepages and small woodland streams throughout Hong Kong.
8.4.43
Three freshwater fauna species of conservation
interest including Predaceous Chub (Parazacco
spilurus) and two freshwater crabs, Nanhaipotamon
hongkongense and Cryptopotamon
anacoluthon were recorded.
8.4.44
Predaceous Chub, a common species that is
considered to be of conservation interest due to its “Vulnerable” status in
China Red Data Book, was recorded in LRCP Catchwater (Wang, 1998; Arup, 2011).
8.4.45
Although native freshwater crab Cryptopotamon anacoluthon is locally
common in Hong Kong, this species has an extremely restricted regional and
global distribution, and local populations in Hong Kong, and is therefore
considered of “Potential Global Concern” by Fellowes et al. (2002). It is also listed as ‘Vulnerable’ in the IUCN Red
List (IUCN, 2019). Cryptopotamon
anacoluthon was recorded in the stream at Sha Tin Pass Road (Mott
MacDonald, 2017).
8.4.46
Nanhaipotamon
hongkongense is endemic to Hong Kong, of ‘Potential Global Concern’
(Fellowes et al. 2002). This species
normally appears at hillstreams with clean water (Dudgeon & Corlett,
1994). This species was recorded in the stream north of Fat Jong Temple (Mott
MacDonald, 2017).
8.5.2
The ecological surveys were carried out
in Jul to Oct 2019 during wet season (Table 8.1).
Both faunal and floral information was collected during field surveys. The
methodologies adopted for the surveys are described below.
The survey transects are shown in Figure
8.1 which covering all representative habitats recorded within
the ecological survey area.
Table 8.1
Planned Schedule of Ecological Surveys
|
Item
|
Survey Type
|
July
2019
|
August
2019
|
September
2019
|
October
2019
|
|
I
|
Habitat
survey
|
D
|
D
|
D
|
D
|
|
IIa
|
Terrestrial Mammal
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
|
IIb
|
Avifauna
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
|
IIc
|
Herpetofauna
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
|
IId
|
Butterflies & Odonates
|
D
|
D
|
D
|
D
|
|
III
|
Freshwater Aquatic Assemblages
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
D+N
|
Note: D = daytime survey; D+N = daytime
& night-time surveys
8.5.3
Field surveys focusing on terrestrial
habitat and vegetation within the Study Area were performed during the
wet season to establish the general terrestrial ecological profile of the Study
Area. Habitats were mapped based on government latest aerial photos and field
ground-truthing. Representative areas of each habitat type were surveyed on
foot. Flora species encountered in each type of habitat and their
relative abundance were recorded with special attention to rare or protected
species. Nomenclature and conservation status of plant species follow Xing et al. (2000), Wu and Lee (2000) and
Siu (2000). Nomenclature also refer to HKH &
SCBC (2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011).
8.5.4
Since most mammals occur at low densities, the
mammal survey was conducted by direct observation and active searching along a
transect during day-time for signs of mammal activities (such as potential
roost, burrows, footprints and droppings), as well as at night-time for
sightings of bats and nocturnal animals to establish the habitat use of this
fauna group within the Study Area. Nomenclature for mammals
follows Shek (2006).
8.5.5
The presence and abundance of avifauna
species at various habitats were recorded visually and aurally. The avifauna of
each habitat type within the Study Area were surveyed using transect / point
count method subject to the current site condition. Avifauna surveys
(including daytime and night-time surveys) were carried out. Daytime avifauna
surveys were carried out in the early morning at the period of peak bird
activity. Night-time surveys were conducted near the evening to record
nocturnal avifauna. The location(s) of any avifauna species of conservation
interest encountered along with notable behaviour (e.g. breeding behaviour such
as nesting and presence of recently fledged juveniles, roosting, and feeding
activities) were recorded. All birds observed along the transect were
identified and counted. Signs of breeding (e.g. nests, recently fledged
juveniles) within the Study Area were also recorded, if any. Observations were
made using binoculars (at least 8X) and photographic records were taken, if
possible. Bird species encountered outside survey transects / sampling points
but within the Study Area were also recorded to produce a complete species
list. Ornithological nomenclature in this study follows
HKBWS (2019).
Herpetofauna Survey
8.5.6
Daytime and
night-time Herpetofauna surveys were conducted through direct
observation and active searching in all habitat types along the
transects and in potential hiding places such as among leaf litter,
inside holes, under stones and logs within the Study Area. Particular attention
was given to streams and watercourses. Auditory detection of species-specific
calls was also used to survey frogs and toads. During the surveys, all reptiles
and amphibians sighted and heard were recorded. Active search of species of
conservation interest were also be conducted during the survey to confirm the
current status. Nomenclature and status used for
reptiles follow Karsen et
al. (1998), Chan et al. (2006)
and Chan et al. (2009) while that of
amphibians follows Chan et
al. (2005).
8.5.7
Odonates and butterfly surveys were
carried out. Odonates and butterflies of different habitats within
the Study Area were surveyed using transect method subject to the current site
conditions. Odonates and butterflies within 10 m from either side
of the survey transect were identified and counted. Relative abundance
of odonates and butterflies in each type of habitat was
estimated. Odonates and butterflies encountered outside
transects but within the Study Area were recorded in order to produce a
complete species list. Nomenclature for butterflies follows Chan et al. (2011),
and odonates nomenclature follows Tam et al. (2011).
8.5.8
Aquatic fauna, including freshwater
macro-invertebrates and fishes, were identified by direct observation and
active searching by hand nets and standard field sampling techniques (e.g. kick
sampling). Active sampling was carried out for most parts of the stream
courses. Organisms, expected to be mostly fish and aquatic macro-invertebrates
(e.g. freshwater crabs & shrimps, freshwater molluscs and aquatic insect
larvae) were recorded and identified.
8.5.9
The survey was conducted in at least three
sampling points for each stream. The whole Study Area was covered during each
survey. Nomenclature for fish follows Lee et al. (2004), while those for the macro-invertebrates follow
Dudgeon (1999).
Habitat and Vegetation
8.6.2
A total of five habitats, namely secondary
woodland, plantation, shrubland, watercourse and developed area in the Study
Area. Out of these five habitats, only plantation and developed area are found
within the Project Area of the preferred option that are above-ground level.
Habitat map and representative photographs of habitats are shown in Figure
8.1 and Table 1 of Appendix 8A respectively.
8.6.3
A list of flora recorded during the surveys
from Jul to Oct 2019 is presented in Table
3 of Appendix 8A. A total of five species of conservation interest
were recorded. The indicative locations and representative photographs of
species of conservation interest are presented in Figure
8.1 and Table 2 of Appendix 8A.
Table 8.2
Estimated Size of the Habitat Types within the Project Area and Study Area
|
Habitat Type
|
Within Project Area*
|
Within 500 m Study Area
|
|
Total Habitat
Area (ha)
|
%
|
Total Habitat
Area (ha)
|
% of Total Area
|
|
Secondary
Woodland
|
-
|
-
|
46.26
|
13.93%
|
|
Plantation
|
0.83
|
21.2%
|
45.12
|
13.59%
|
|
Shrubland
|
-
|
-
|
63.37
|
19.09%
|
|
Watercourse
|
-
|
-
|
1.23
|
0.37%
|
|
Developed
Area
|
3.08
|
78.8%
|
175.99
|
53.01%
|
|
Total
|
3.91
|
100.0%
|
331.97
|
100.00%
|
*Note: The estimated size
of habitat types within the Project Area are for above-ground habitats only
since the proposed access tunnel and fresh water and salt water reservoir would
be constructed underground.
8.6.4
Secondary Woodland is a dominant habitat found
on the east and west side of Ma Chai Hang and is also found within the LRCP in
the northern part of the Study Area. The western patch of secondary woodland
extends from Ma Chai Hang to the western boundary of the Study Area while the
eastern patch extends to watercourse S2 near Fung Wong FWSR.
This habitat is relatively natural with a
mix of native and exotic species. This habitat overall supports moderate to
high floristic diversity.
Project Area
8.6.5
Secondary woodland habitat is found outside the
Project Area.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.6
198 flora species were recorded in this habitat
in the area. Common tree species found in this habitat include Schefflera
heptaphylla, Dimocarpus longan, Sterculia lanceolate and Aporusa dioica. Other typical floral
species recorded include shrubs Litsea
rotundifolia var. oblongifolia, Psychotria
asiatica, Ligustrum sinense and
Microcos nervosa as well as herbaceous plant Pteris semipinnata and Alocasia
macrorrhizos.
8.6.7
Two floral species of conservation interest,
Luofushan Joint-fir (Gnetum luofuense)
and Incense Tree (Aquilaria sinensis),
were recorded in the area.
8.6.8
Plantation is scattered across the Study Area
and is mainly found around and within Lion Rock Park, along engineered slopes
of Chuk Yuen North Estate, the hillside of Sha Tin Pass Road and the existing
service reservoir on Sha Tin Pass Road. This habitat supports moderate to high
floristic diversity.
Project Area
8.6.9
A total of 82 flora species were recorded in
plantation within the survey area of Lion Rock Park. As the plantation within
the Project Area is covered by the survey area, the ecological survey findings
in plantation habitat is thus considered to be representative of the Project
Area.
8.6.10
Typical flora species found in this habitat
include tree Acacia confusa, Bauhinia
sp., Leucaena leucocephala and Ligustrum sinense as well as shrubs Melastoma malabathricum, Melastoma
sanguineum and Solanum torvum.
Common herbaceous plants recorded in this habitat include Persicaria chinensis, Tridax
procumbens and Bidens alba. No
floral species of conservation interest was recorded.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.11
A total of 161 species were recorded in plantation
habitat in the area. Flora species which are occasionally found in this habitat
include trees Acacia confusa, Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa, Litsea
glutinosa, Macaranga tanarius var.
tomentosa and Sterculia lanceolate.
Shrubs occasionally found in this habitat include Aporusa dioica, Ligustrum
sinense and Mallotus paniculatus.
No floral species of conservation interest was recorded.
Shrubland
8.6.12
Shrubland habitat is located in the northern
part of the Study Area, overlapping with LRCP. This habitat supports moderate
to high floristic diversity.
Project Area
8.6.13
Shrubland habitat is found outside the Project
Area.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.14
A total of 181 species were recorded in
shrubland within the area. Species recorded include trees Acronychia pedunculata, Celtis sinensis, Dimocarpus longan and Tetradium
glabrifolium as well as shrubs Bridelia
tomentosa, Eurya nitida, Mallotus paniculatus and Microcos nervosa. Herbs such as Bidens alba, Dicranopteris pedata, Hedyotis
acutangular were also recorded.
8.6.15
Floral species of conservation interest, Hong
Kong Pavetta (Pavetta hongkongensis),
Small Persimmon (Diospyros vaccinioides)
and Red Azalea (Rhododendron simsii) were recorded in shrubland
habitat.
Watercourse
8.6.16
Three streams, namely watercourse S1, S2 and S3
are found within the Study Area.
8.6.17
Watercourse S1 is located north of Tsui Chuk
Garden. For the stream section between the site boundary of the proposed access
tunnel and Tsui Chuk Garden, one side of the riparian zone is natural while the
other side is modified. This stream is characterised by rocky substrate,
shallow water and slow water flow.
8.6.18
Watercourse S2 is located behind Temple Hill Fat
Jong Temple. The upper section of the stream is natural and the lower section
is channelised. This stream is filled with rocks and is characterised by rocky
substrate, shallow water and slow water flow.
8.6.19
Watercourse S3 is found at the intersection
point of Sha Tin Pass Road and the Country Park boundary. This natural stream
section is characterised by rocky substrate, shallow water and slow water flow.
Project Area
8.6.20
No watercourse is found within the Project Area.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.21
A total of 50 species were recorded in
watercourse in the Study Area. Floral species commonly observed in the riparian
zone include Alternanthera philoxeroides,
Pilea microphylla and Microstegium ciliatum. Tree species such
as Adina pilulifera, Ligustrum sinense, Ficus hispida, Litsea
glutinosa and Sterculia lanceolata,
shrubs Hedyotis hedyotidea, Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia, Mussaenda pubescens, Melastoma sanguineum and herbs Alocasia cucullata, Bidens alba, Cyclosorus parasiticus, Dianella ensifolia, Liriope
spicata and Utricularia striatula
were also found in this habitat. Climbers Dioscorea
bulbifera and Mikania micrantha
were also recorded in low abundance. No floral species of conservation interest
was recorded.
Project Area
8.6.23
A total of 74 floral species were recorded in
developed area within the survey area of Lion Rock Park. The developed area of
Chuk Yuen Road in the preferred option is largely covered by the survey area
and has low species diversity in general.
8.6.24
Tree species Osmanthus
fragrans was commonly observed in this habitat. Trees which were observed
in low abundance include species such as Aleurites
moluccana, Delonix regia and Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana.
Other common flora species found in this habitat include shrub Ixora stricta. No floral species of
conservation interest was recorded.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.25
A total of 235 flora species were recorded in
developed areas in the area. Flora species found in this habitat include trees
such as Acacia confusa, Broussonetia papyrifera, Delonix regia and Ficus microcarpa as well as shrubs Calliandra haematocephala, Carmona
microphylla, Duranta erecta, Ixora chinensis and herbs Bidens alba, Paspalum conjugatum and Wedelia
trilobata. No floral species of conservation interest were recorded.
8.6.26
In total, five floral species of conservation
interest were recorded. These species include Incense Tree (Aquilaria sinensis), Luofushan Joint-fir
(Gnetum luofuense), Hong Kong Pavetta
(Pavetta hongkongensis), Small
Persimmon (Diospyros vaccinioides)
and Red Azalea (Rhododendron simsii).
All five species were recorded outside
the Project Area.
8.6.27
One individual of Incense Tree was recorded in
secondary woodland near Lion Rock Park. It is considered locally common and not
listed under Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96 sub. leg.). However, it is listed
under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance
(Cap.586) in Hong Kong and is a Category II protected species in mainland
China.
8.6.28
Three individuals of Luofushan Joint-fir was
recorded in the secondary woodland near Lion Rock Park and behind Fat Jong
Temple. It is listed as “Near Threatened” on the IUCN Red List.
8.6.29
One individual of Hong Kong Pavetta, which is
considered common in Hong Kong but is legally protected under Forestry
Regulations (Cap. 96 sub. leg.), was recorded in shrubland near Ma Chai Hang
Service Reservoir.
8.6.30
Two individuals of Small Persimmon, a species
listed as “Critically Endangered” on the IUCN Red List were recorded in
shrubland near Shatin Pass Road.
Several flora species
protected under Cap.96 including Rhododendron sp., Cameilla sp.,
Neottopteris nudis, Lagerstroemia indica, Lagerstroemia speciose and Magnolia
grandiflora were found as ornamental or cultivated plants, thus are not
considered as species of conservation interest for this Project.
Rhododendron species are commonly
observed in developed area as roadside ornamental planting. All Rhododendron
species in Hong Kong are protected under the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96.
Sub. Leg) except “plants grown outside Hong Kong or on any land held from the
Government under a lease, license or permit or by virtue of an Ordinance. Since
all the recorded Rhododendron species (except two individuals of Rhododendron simsii that were recorded in shrubland outside the
Project Area) were observed within landscaped areas and
roadside amenity planting, which are likely planted as ornamental shrubs, they
are therefore not protected under the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96. Sub. Leg)
and not considered as a floral species of conservation interest for this
Project. However, the two individuals of Rhododendron simsii that
were not found in landscaped areas are considered as a floral species of
conservation interest.
Similarly, a few
individuals of Camellia species were recorded on an engineered slope in
plantation habitat within the Study Area. All Camellia species in Hong
Kong are protected under the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96. Sub leg.) except
“plants grown outside Hong Kong or on any land held from the Government under a
lease, license or permit or by virtue of an Ordinance”. Since the recorded
Camellia species were observed on a landscaped slope, which were likely planted
as ornamental plants, they are therefore not considered as a floral species of
conservation interest for this Project.
Neottopteris nidus, which is protected under
the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96. Sub leg.) was found as ornamental
plant in Lion Rock Park, thus it is not considered a species of conservation
interest. This also applies to Lagerstroemia indica, Lagerstroemia
speciose and
Magnolia grandiflora which are exotic species and were recorded in
developed area within the Project Area or Study Area as ornamental trees.
Project Area
8.6.31
Three individuals of Japanese Pipistrelle, which
is protected by Cap.170, was recorded in the plantation habitat within the
Project Area. No other species of conservation interest was recorded.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.32
A total of six mammal species were recorded,
among which two are of conservation interest, namely Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) and Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta).
8.6.33
Short-nosed Fruit Bat is protected under Cap.
170. A total of 13 individuals were recorded. Eleven Short-nosed Fruit Bat were
recorded resting under leaves of Livistona
chinensis in developed area of Morse Park No. 3 and Broadcast Drive. One
individual was also recorded in the secondary woodland outside Lion Rock Park
at night. Short-nosed Fruit Bat was also recorded in secondary woodland by
watercourse S1 during night-time survey.
8.6.34
Rhesus Macaque is protected under both Cap. 170
and Cap. 586, and is also listed as “Vulnerable” in China Red Data Book of
Endangered Animals (Wang, S. 1998). Rhesus Macaque were recorded in developed
areas, secondary woodland and shrubland habitat. Five individuals were recorded
in the developed area of Lion Rock Park and three were recorded in the
secondary woodland near Lion Rock Park. Another individual was also recorded in
secondary woodland and three individuals were recorded in shrubland near Fung
Wong FWSR. A total of 18 individuals were recorded in the shrubland along Sha
Tin Pass Road. Furthermore, a total of eight individuals were recorded in the
plantation area of Ma Chai Hang and Tsui Chuk Garden as well as between Lion
Rock Park and Ma Chai Hang FWSR.
8.6.35
A list of mammal species recorded in the Project
Area and Study Area (exclude Project Area) is shown in Table 4 of Appendix 8A. The indicative
locations of the species of conservation interest are shown on Figure
8.1.
8.6.36
A total of seven species were recorded within
plantation habitat of the Project Area. None of them were of conservation
interest.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.37
A total of 30 species were recorded, among which
three species are of conservation interest. These species include Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Eastern Buzzard (Buteo japonicus) and Crested Goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus).
8.6.38
Crested Goshawk which is protected under Cap.
586, is also listed as “Rare” in China Red Data Book and “Near Threatened” in
Red List of China’s Vertebrates. Crested Goshawk was observed resting in
secondary woodland near watercourse S2.
8.6.39
Black Kite is a raptor listed in Protection of
Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586) and is considered
to be of “Regional Concern”. However, it is actually a common resident which is
widely distributed in Hong Kong (Allcock et
al. 2014). Black Kite was recorded in-flight in shrubland of LRCP and Sha
Tin Pass Road as well as in the shrubland northwest of Ma Chai Hang. This
species was also recorded in-flight above the developed area of Chuk Yuen North
Estate.
8.6.40
Eastern Buzzard which is protected under Cap.
586 was recorded in-flight in developed area at Muk Lun Street.
8.6.41
A list of avifauna species recorded in each
habitat type in Project Area and Study Area (exclude Project Area) is shown in Table 5 of Appendix 8A. The indicative locations of the species of
conservation interest are shown on Figure 8.1.
8.6.42
No amphibians were recorded in the Project Area.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.43
A total of eight amphibian species including a
species of conservation interest, Lesser Spiny Frog (Quasipaa exilispinosa), were recorded in the Study Area. Lesser
Spiny Frog is listed as “Vulnerable” in IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2018) and Red List
of China’s Vertebrates (Jiang et al.
2016) and considered to be of “Potential Global Concern” by Fellowes et al.
(2002). Tadpoles were recorded in watercourse S1. Two adults were also recorded
in watercourse S2.
8.6.44
One reptile species was recorded in the
plantation habitat of the Project Area. No species of conservation interest was
recorded.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.45
Five reptile species including species of conservation
interest, Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko),
was recorded. Tokay Gecko is considered to be of “Regional Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002), “Endangered” in China Red
Data Book (Wang, 1998) and “Critically Endangered” in Red List of China’s
Vertebrates (Jiang et al. 2016). One
individual of Tokay Gecko was recorded in the secondary woodland near
watercourse S2 south of Fung Wong Fresh Water Service Reservoir.
8.6.46
A list of herpetofauna species recorded in each
habitat type in the Project Area and Study Area (exclude Project Area) is shown
in Table 6 of Appendix 8A. The indicative locations of the species of
conservation interest are shown on Figure 8.1.
Project Area
8.6.47
Three butterfly species were recorded in the
plantation habitat within the Project Area. No species of conservation interest
were recorded.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.48
Out of the 62 butterfly species recorded in the Study
Area, four species are of conservation interest, including Blackvein Sergeant (Athyma ranga), Yellow Rajah (Charaxes marmax), Baron (Euthalia aconthea) and Common Archduke (Lexias pardalis).
8.6.49
Blackvein Sergeant, Yellow Rajah and Baron are
uncommon in Hong Kong (Chan et al.
2011) and are considered to be of “Local Concern” by Fellowes et al. (2002). Blackvein Sergeant and
Baron were recorded in the shrubland of LRCP while Yellow Rajah was recorded in
the plantation near Sha Tin Pass Road.
8.6.50
Common Archduke is listed as a species of
conservation concern in Hong Kong in Annex 1 of the Advisory Council on the
Environment’s Nature Conservation Subcommittee Paper 3/10 “The Proposed Action
Plan for the Conservation of Butterflies in Hong Kong” (ACE, 2010). Six
individuals were recorded in plantation at Lion Rock (outside country park
boundary), Lion Rock downhill and Sha Tin Pass Road. Moreover, nine individuals
were recorded in secondary woodland along the slope of Ma Chai Hang and Tsui
Chuk Garden as well as north of Lion Rock Park. One individual was recorded in
shrubland at hillside of Lion Rock which is inside the country park boundary.
Furthermore, seven individuals were also recorded in the secondary woodland
near Fung Wong FWSR and four individuals were recorded at watercourse S1.
8.6.51
Other species recorded are mostly common or very
common except Swallowtail (Papilio xuthus
xuthus), Grass Demon (Udaspes folus),
Dark Evening Brown (Melanitis phedima),
Common Lascar (Pantoporia hordonia),
Common Nawab (Polyura athamas), Tree
Flitter (Hyarotis adrastus), Chestnut
Bob (Iambrix salsala), Rare Swift (Parnara ganga) and Indian Red Admiral (Vanessa indica). Both Swallowtail and
Grass Demon are rare while the rest of the species are uncommon in Hong Kong
(Chan et al. 2011).
8.6.52
A list of butterfly species recorded in each
habitat type in the Project Area and Study Area (exclude Project Area) is shown
in Table 7 of Appendix 8A.
Project Area
8.6.53
One species was recorded in the Project Area and
no species of conservation interest was recorded.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.54
Out of the 10 species recorded outside the
Project Area, only one species, Emerald Cascader (Zygonyx iris) is of conservation interest. Emerald Cascader is
considered to be of “Potential Global Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002). Two individuals were recorded in shrubland of LRCP.
This species is abundant and widespread in moderately clean and fast-flowing
woodland streams all over Hong Kong.
8.6.55
A list of odonate species recorded in each
habitat type in the Project Area and Study Area (exclude Project Area) is shown
in Table 8 of Appendix 8A.
Project Area
8.6.56
No watercourse is found within the Project Area.
Study Area (exclude Project Area)
8.6.57
A total of seven freshwater fauna species were
recorded in the watercourses within the Study Area. Tadpoles of Lesser Spiny
Frog were recorded in watercourse S1.
8.6.58
A list of freshwater fauna species recorded in
the Project Area and Study Area (exclude Project Area) is shown Table 9 of Appendix 8A.
8.7.1
Ecological evaluation of each habitat type
within the Study Area for the Preferred Option are presented in Table 8.3
to Table 8.7.
For Project Area, only habitats with above-ground works were evaluated.
Table 8.3
Ecological Evaluation of Secondary Woodland
|
Criteria
|
Secondary
Woodland
|
|
Project
Area
|
Study
Area for Preferred Option
|
|
Naturalness
|
No
secondary woodland habitat was found within the Project Area.
|
Semi-natural,
with some remnant of tree plantations
|
|
Size
|
Moderate (46.26 ha)
|
|
Diversity
|
High
floristic diversity (198 species recorded)
|
|
Rarity
|
This
habitat is common in Hong Kong;
Floral
species of conservation interest recorded include Incense Tree (Aquilaria sinensis) and
Luofushan Joint-fir
(Gnetum luofuense);
Avifauna
species of conservation interest recorded include Common Goshawk;
Herpetofauna
species of conservation interest recorded include Tokay Gecko;
Mammal
species of conservation interest recorded include Short-nose Fruit Bat;
Butterfly
species of conservation interest recorded include Common Archduke
Species
of conservation interest identified in AECOM (2019) include Hong Kong Pavetta
(Pavetta hongkongensis), Collared Scops Owl, Rhesus Macaque and Orange
Awlet
Species
of conservation interest identified in Mott MacDonald (2017) include Small
Persimmon (Diospyros vaccinioides), Black Kite, Short-nose Fruit Bat, Chinese
Hwamei, Eastern Buzzard, Rhesus Macaque, and Tailed Sulphur
|
|
Re-creatability
|
Re-creatable
provided that adequate resources are available and in the absence of
large-scale disturbance such as hill-fire
|
|
Fragmentation
|
Three
medium sized patches with limited fragmentation; Functionally linked to
adjoining shrubland and plantation habitats
|
|
Ecological linkage
|
Functionally
linked to adjacent shrubland and plantation habitats
|
|
Potential value
|
Moderate
in terms of size and species diversity
|
|
Nursery / Breeding
ground
|
No record of significant nursery or breeding
ground
|
|
Age
|
Relatively mature (probably >40 years) with
respect to the size of the trees and the structural complexity and community
composition
|
|
Abundance / Richness
of wildlife
|
High species richness with 64 fauna species
recorded during the field surveys
|
|
Ecological Value
|
Moderate-high
|
Table 8.4
Ecological Evaluation of Plantation
|
Criteria
|
Plantation
|
|
Project
Area
|
Study
Area for Preferred Option
|
|
Naturalness
|
Man-made
planted habitat dominated by exotic landscape species
|
Man-made
planted habitat dominated by exotic landscape species
|
|
Size
|
Small (0.83 ha)
|
Moderate (45.12 ha)
|
|
Diversity
|
Moderate
floristic diversity
|
Moderate
to high floristic diversity (161 species recorded)
|
|
Rarity
|
This
habitat is common in Hong Kong;
No
floral or faunal species of conservation interest was recorded.
|
This
habitat is common in Hong Kong;
No
floral species of conservation interest was recorded;
Butterfly
species of conservation interest recorded include Common Archduke and Yellow
Rajah
Species
of conservation interest identified in AECOM (2019) include Black Kite, Tokay
Gecko, Swallowtail and Spotted Sawtooth
Species
of conservation interest identified in Mott MacDonald (2017) include Black Kite, Short-nose Fruit Bat and Tokay Gecko.
|
|
Re-creatability
|
Readily
re-creatable provided that adequate resources are available with proper
maintenance
|
Readily
re-creatable provided that adequate resources are available with proper
maintenance
|
|
Fragmentation
|
Fragmented
plantation in urban area
|
Mostly
adjoining secondary woodland and shrubland; plantation in urban area is fragmented
|
|
Ecological linkage
|
Functionally
linked to adjoining secondary woodland and shrubland habitat
|
Functionally
linked to adjoining secondary woodland and shrubland habitat
|
|
Potential value
|
Relatively
low value for man-made habitats
|
Relatively
low value for man-made habitats
|
|
Nursery / Breeding
ground
|
No
record of significant nursery or breeding ground
|
No
record of significant nursery or breeding ground
|
|
Age
|
The
habitat is probably regularly disturbed and therefore secondary in nature
|
The
habitat is probably regularly disturbed and therefore secondary in nature
|
|
Abundance / Richness
of wildlife
|
Low
species richness with 13 fauna species recorded during the field surveys
|
Moderate
species richness with 48 fauna species recorded during the field surveys
|
|
Ecological Value
|
Low
|
Low-Moderate
|
Table 8.5 Ecological Evaluation of
Shrubland
|
Criteria
|
Shrubland
|
|
Project
Area
|
Study
Area for Preferred Option
|
|
Naturalness
|
No
shrubland habitat was found within the Project Area.
|
Natural
habitat with signs of disturbance
|
|
Size
|
Large (63.37 ha)
|
|
Diversity
|
Moderate
to high floristic diversity (181 species recorded)
|
|
Rarity
|
This
habitat is common in Hong Kong;
Floral
species of conservation interest recorded include one individual of Hong Kong
Pavetta (Pavetta hongkongensis),
two individuals of Small Persimmon (Diospyros vaccinioides, and two individuals of Red Azalea (Rhododendron simsii).
Avifauna
species of conservation interest recorded include Black Kite;
Mammal
species of conservation interest include Rhesus Macaque;
Butterfly
species of conservation interest include Blackvein Sergeant, Baron and Common
Archduke and Swallowtail;
Odonate
species of conservation interest recorded include Emerald Cascader.
Species
of conservation interest identified in Mott MacDonald (2019) include Big-headed
frog, Collared Scops Owl and Rhesus Macaque.
Species
of conservation interest identified in Mott MacDonald (2017) include Red Azalea, Collared Scops Owl,
Black Kite, Lesser Spiny Frog and Chinese Yellowface.
|
|
Re-creatability
|
Readily
re-creatable naturally or artificially and would easily recover from
disturbance
|
|
Fragmentation
|
Limited
fragmentation by footpaths
|
|
Ecological linkage
|
Functionally
linked to adjoining secondary woodland and plantation habitat
|
|
Potential value
|
Moderate,
as the woody vegetation cover suggests that is has the potential to become
woodland in the absence of disturbance given enough time, particularly at
lower attitudes
|
|
Nursery / Breeding
ground
|
No
record of significant nursery or breeding ground
|
|
Age
|
This
habitat is probably regularly disturbed and is therefore secondary in nature
|
|
Abundance / Richness
of wildlife
|
High
species richness with 77 fauna species recorded during the field surveys
|
|
Ecological Value
|
Moderate
|
Table
8.6
Ecological Evaluation of Watercourse
|
Criteria
|
Watercourse
|
|
Project
Area
|
Study
Area for Preferred Option
|
|
Naturalness
|
No
watercourse habitat was found within the Project Area.
|
Generally natural at stream banks and
stream bed, but modified at some sections
|
|
Size
|
Small (1.229 ha)
|
|
Diversity
|
Low floristic diversity (50 species recorded)
|
|
Rarity
|
No floral species of conservation interest was recorded;
Herpetofauna species of conservation interest recorded include
Lesser Spiny Frog;
Butterfly species of conservation interest recorded include
Common Archduke
Species of conservation interest identified in Mott MacDonald
(2017) include Small Persimmon (Diospyros vaccinioides), Hong Kong
Cascade Frog, Big-headed Frog, Lesser Spiny Frog, Mountain Water Snake,
freshwater crab Crytopotamon anacoluthon and Nanhaipotamon hongkongense
|
|
Re-creatability
|
Re-creatable provided that works conducted in
ecologically-sensitive manner and original flow not diverted or polluted, and
in the absence of disturbance
|
|
Fragmentation
|
Limited fragmentation due to footpaths
|
|
Ecological
linkage
|
Functionally linked to riparian vegetation and habitat
|
|
Potential
value
|
Low
|
|
Nursery /
Breeding ground
|
No record of significant nursery or breeding ground
|
|
Age
|
N/A
|
|
Abundance
/ Richness of wildlife
|
Low species richness with 38 fauna species recorded
during the field surveys
|
|
Ecological
Value
|
Low-Moderate
|
Table 8.7 Ecological Evaluation of
Developed Area
|
Criteria
|
Developed Area
|
|
Project Area
|
Study Area for Preferred Option
|
|
Naturalness
|
Man-made habitat with intensive human activities
|
Man-made habitat with intensive human activities
|
|
Size
|
Small (3.08 ha)
|
Large (175.99
ha)
|
|
Diversity
|
Low in terms of floristic diversity
|
Rich in terms of floristic diversity (235 species
recorded)
|
|
Rarity
|
This habitat is common in Hong Kong;
No floral or faunal species of conservation
interest was recorded.
|
This habitat is common in Hong Kong;
No floral species of conservation interest was
recorded;
Avifauna species of conservation interest
recorded include Black Kite and Eastern Buzzard;
Mammal species of conservation interest include
Short-nose Fruit Bat
Species of conservation interested identified in
Mott MacDonald (2017) include Black Kite, Eastern Buzzard, Rhesus Macaque and
Tokay Gecko
|
|
Re-creatability
|
Readily re-creatable
|
Readily re-creatable
|
|
Fragmentation
|
Generally interconnected and not fragmented
|
Generally interconnected and not fragmented
|
|
Ecological linkage
|
Not functionally linked to any habitats of high
ecological value
|
Not functionally linked to any habitats of high
ecological value
|
|
Potential value
|
Low potential value with respect to the existing
and planned specific land uses
|
Low potential value with respect to the existing
and planned specific land uses
|
|
Nursery / Breeding ground
|
No record of significant nursery or breeding ground
|
No record of significant nursery or breeding
ground
|
|
Age
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
|
Abundance / Richness of wildlife
|
Low species richness for fauna species recorded
in the survey area during the field surveys
|
Low species richness with 47 fauna species recorded
during the field surveys
|
|
Ecological Value
|
Low
|
Low
|
8.7.2
The evaluation of floral and faunal species of
conservation interest is presented in Table 8.8
and Table 8.9 respectively.
Table 8.8 Ecological Evaluation of Floral Species of
Conservation Interest
|
Species
|
Location
|
Conservation
/ Protection Status (2)
|
Distribution
|
Current
Study / Literature
|
|
Red Azalea
(Rhododendron simsii)
|
Shrubland
adjacent to footpath leading to Reunification Pavilion in LRCP
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Locally
protected under the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96. Sub. leg)
|
Anhui,
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan,
Taiwan, Yunnan, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand (3)
|
Literature
(5) , Current Study
|
|
Incense Tree (Aquilaria sinensis)
|
Secondary
woodland next to Lion Rock Park and north of Ma Chai Hang
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
586; Listed as Category II protected species in China; Listed in Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong
China
Plant Red Data Book (V)
|
Guangdong,
Hainan, Guangxi, Taiwan (4)
|
Literature (5, 6),
Current Study
|
|
Luofushan
Joint-fir
(Gnetum luofuense)
|
Secondary woodland near Lion Rock Park and behind
Fat Jong Temple
(Outside Project Area)
|
IUCN
(NT)
|
Guangdong,
Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan (4)
|
Current
Study
|
|
Hong
Kong Pavetta (Pavetta hongkongensis)
|
Shrubland near Ma Chai Hang Service Reservoir
(Outside Project Area)
|
Cap.
96 sub.leg.
|
Guangdong,
Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Vietnam (4)
|
Literature (6),
Current Study
|
|
Small
Persimmon (Diospyros vaccinioides)
|
Riparian zone of watercourse S3; secondary
woodland northeast of Ma Chai Hang Service Reservoir; shrubland near Sha Tin
Pass Road
(Outside
Project Area)
|
IUCN
(CE)
|
Guangdong,
Guangxi, Hainan (3)
|
Literature (5)
,Current Study
|
|
Notes:
(1) Cap.586 – Protection of
Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance; Cap. 96 sub. leg –
Forestry Regulations (subsidiary legislation of the Forests and Countryside
Ordinance)
(2) Conservation / Protection Status refers to:
a. Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong (AFCD, 2013)
b. IUCN Red List (2019): CE = Critically Endangered; NT = Near Threatened
c. China Plant Red Data Book: Rare and Endangered Plants (Fu & Chin,
1992): V = Vulnerable
(3) Flora of Hong Kong Volume 1 (AFCD, 2007)
(4) Hong Kong Herbarium (AFCD, 2019b)
(5) Baseline Ecological Survey Report – Relocation of Diamond Hill Fresh
Water and Salt Water Service Reservoirs to Caverns – Feasibility Study (Mott
MacDonald, 2017)
(6) Baseline Ecological Survey and Assessment Report – Relocation of Diamond
Hill Fresh Water and Salt Water Service Reservoirs to Caverns –
Investigation, Design and Construction – Ecological Survey for Portal Option
near Lion Rock Park (AECOM, 2019)
|
Table 8.9
Ecological Evaluation of Faunal Species of Conservation Interest
|
Common
Name
|
Scientific Name
|
Location
|
Conservation / Protection Status
(1)
|
Distribution (2)
|
Rarity (2)
|
Current Study / Literature
|
|
Mammals
|
|
Short-nosed
Fruit Bat
|
Cynopterus sphinx
|
Secondary
woodland near Fat Jong Temple; Landscaped area in
Lion Rock Park Developed area in Morse Park & Broadcast Drive
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
170;
RLCV (NT)
|
Very
widely distributed in urban and countryside throughout Hong Kong
|
Very
Common
|
Literature
(3), Current Study
|
|
Long-tailed
Macaque
|
Macaca fascicularis
|
LRCP
(Outside Project Area)
|
Cap.
170
|
Kam
Shan Country Park
|
Rare
|
Literature
(6)
|
|
Rhesus
Macaque
|
Macaca mulatta
|
Secondary
Woodland near Tsui Chuk Garden and north of Lion Rock Park; Developed Area
north of Lion Rock Park; Shrubland near Sha Tin Pass Road and on Sha Tin Pass
Road (Outside
Project Area)
|
CRDB(VU)
|
Mainly
distributed in Kam Shan, Shing Mun and Tai Po Kau; also found in Ma On Shan,
Sai Kung, Tai Lam Country Parks and the North District.
|
Common
|
Literature
(4,6), Current Study
|
|
East
Asian Porcupine
|
Hystrix brachyuran
|
LRCP
(Outside Project Area)
|
Cap
170; PRC
|
Very
widely distributed in countryside areas throughout Hong Kong, except for
Lantau Island
|
Very
Common
|
Literature
(6)
|
|
Masked
Palm Civet
|
Paguma larvata
|
LRCP
(Outside Project Area)
|
Cap
170; PRC
|
Widely
distributed in countryside areas throughout Hong Kong, except for Lantau
Island and northwestern New Territories
|
Common
|
Literature
(6)
|
|
Leopard
Cat
|
Prionailurus bengalensis
|
LRCP
(Outside Project Area)
|
Cap
170; CRDB (VU)
|
Very
widely distributed in countryside areas throughout Hong Kong, except for
Lantau Island
|
Uncommon
|
Literature
(6)
|
|
Red
Muntjac
|
Muntiacus
muntjak
|
LRCP
(Outside Project Area)
|
PRC
|
Very
widely distributed in countryside areas throughout Hong Kong
|
Very
Common
|
Literature
(6)
|
|
Avifauna
|
|
Black
Kite
|
Milvus migrans
|
Landscaped
area and developed area in Lion Rock Park; Developed area, secondary woodland
and shrubland (within LRCP), plantation habitat; Shrubland habitat north of Ma Chai Hang
Reservoir
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
170; Cap. 586; RC
|
Widely
distributed in Hong Kong
|
Common
resident and winter visitor
|
Literature
(3,4); Current Study
|
|
Chinese
Hwamei
|
Garrulax canorus
|
Woodland
near Fat Jong Temple
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
170; Cap. 586
|
Widely
distributed in hillside shrubland throughout Hong Kong
|
Common
resident
|
Literature
(3)
|
|
Collared
Scops Owl
|
Otus lettia
|
Shrubland
near Fung Wong Fresh Water Service Reservoir; LRCP; Secondary Woodland near
Lion Rock Park
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
170; Cap. 586
|
Widely
distributed in shrubland throughout Hong Kong
|
Common
resident
|
Literature
(3,4)
|
|
Eastern
Buzzard
|
Buteo japonicus
|
Secondary
Woodland north of Chuk Yuen Road;
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
170; Cap. 586
|
Widely
distributed in Hong Kong
|
Common
winter visitor
|
Literature
(3); Current Study
|
|
Crested Goshawk
|
Accipiter trivirgatus
|
Secondary
woodland near watercourse S2
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
170; Cap. 586; CRDB (R); RLCV(NT)
|
Widely
distributed in woodlands and shrublands in Hong Kong
|
Uncommon
resident
|
Current
Study
|
|
White-throated Kingfisher
|
Halcyon smyrnensis
|
Diamond
Hill and former Tai Hom Village
(Outside
Project Area)
|
LC
|
Widely
distributed in coastal areas throughout Hong Kong
|
Common
resident
|
Literature
(5)
|
|
Red-billed Starling
|
Spodiopsar sericeus
|
Diamond
Hill and former Tai Hom Village
(Outside
Project Area)
|
GC
|
Widely
distributed in Hong Kong
|
Common
winter visitor
|
Literature
(5)
|
|
-
|
Accipiter spp.
|
Secondary
woodland
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Class
II in List of Wild Animals Under State Protection
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Literature
(4)
|
|
Herpetofauna
|
|
Hong
Kong Newt
|
Paramesotriton hongkongensis
|
LRCP
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Cap.
170; PGC; IUCN (NT)
|
Widely
distributed in mountain stream in Hong Kong
|
N/A
|
Literature
(7)
|
|
Hong Kong Cascade Frog
|
Amolops hongkongensis
|
Stream
at Sha Tin Pass Road; LRCP
(Outside
Project Area)
|
PGC;
IUCN(EN)
|
Widely
distributed in mountain streams in Hong Kong
|
N/A
|
Literature
(3,7)
|
|
Lesser
Spiny Frog
|
Quasipaa exilispinosa
|
Stream
at Sha Tin Pass Road ; catchwater in shrubland area; watercourse S1 and S2 in
Option Evaluation Area
(Outside
Project Area)
|
PGC;
IUCN (VU)
|
Widely
distributed in Hong Kong and Southern China
|
N/A
|
Literature
(3,9); Current Study
|
|
Big
Headed Frog
|
Limnonectes fujianensis
|
Stream
northwest of Tsui Chuk Garden
(Outside
Project Area)
|
LC
|
Mountain
streams in Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve, Kam Shan County Park, Lam Tsuen Country
Park and Plover Cove Country Park
|
N/A
|
Literature
(3)
|
|
Brown
Wood Frog
|
Hylarana latouchii
|
LRCP
(Outside Project Area)
|
LC
|
Distributed
in woodlands in Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve, Shing Mun Country Park, Tai Mo
Shan Country Park, Sai Kung West Country Park and Clear Water Bay Peninsula
|
N/A
|
Literature
(7)
|
|
Tokay
Gecko
|
Gekko gecko
|
Fung
Wong Fresh Water Service Reservoir; Fat Jong Temple; landscaped area in Lion
Rock Park; Secondary Woodland near watercourse S2
(Outside
Project Area)
|
RC; CRDB (EN); RLCV(CR)
|
Tung
Chung and Sham Wat on Lantau Island and LRCP
|
N/A
|
Literature
(3,4); Current Study
|
|
Mountain
Water Snake
|
Sinonatrix percarinata percarinata
|
Stream
at Sha Tin Pass Road
(Outside
Project Area)
|
LC
|
Shing
Mun Country Park, Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve, Tai Lam Country Park
|
N/A
|
Literature
(3)
|
|
Butterflies
|
|
Tailed
Sulphur
|
Dercas verhuelli verhuelli
|
Secondary
Woodland northwest of Wing Chuk Street
(Outside
Project Area)
|
|
Widely
distributed in Hong Kong
|
Rare
|
Literature
(3)
|
|
Orange
Awlet
|
Bibasis oedipodea belesis
|
Secondary
Woodland next to Lion Rock Park
(Outside
Project Area)
|
|
Tai
Po Kau, Lung Kwu Tan, Nam Chung, Bride’s Pool, Shan Liu, Shing Mun, Tai Mo
Shan, KFBG, Lantau South Country Park
|
Very
Rare
|
Literature
(4)
|
|
Spotted
Sawtooth
|
Prioneris thestylis formosana
|
Landscaped
area within Lion Rock Park
(Outside
Project Area)
|
LC
|
Widely
distributed throughout Hong Kong
|
Rare
|
Literature
(4)
|
|
Swallowtail
|
Papilio
Xuthus xuthus
|
Landscaped
area in Lion Rock Park; LRCP (at the peak) (Outside Project Area)
|
|
Kap Lung, Wu Kau Tang, Sha Lo
Wan, Kat O, Lung Kwu Tan
|
Rare
|
Literature
(4),
Current
Study
|
|
Baron
|
Euthalia aconthea
|
Shrubland
at LRCP
(Outside
Project Area)
|
LC
|
Widely
distributed in woodland throughout Hong Kong
|
Uncommon
|
Current
Study
|
|
Blackvein
Sergeant
|
Athyma ranga
|
Shrubland
at LRCP
(Outside Project Area)
|
LC
|
Shing
Mun, Ngau Ngak Shan, Tai Mong Tsai, Tai Mo Shan, Tai Po Kau, Cloudy Hill
|
Uncommon
|
Current
Study
|
|
Yellow
Rajah
|
Charaxes marmax
|
Plantation
near Sha Tin Pass Road
(Outside
Project Area)
|
LC
|
Cloudy
Hill, Ma On Shan, Shing Mun, Yung Shue O, Fung Yuen, Ngong Ping
|
Uncommon
|
Current
Study
|
|
Common
Archduke
|
Lexias pardalis
|
Secondary
woodland near Fung Wong Fresh Water Service Reservoir, Tsui Chuk Garden and
Lion Rock Park, watercourse S1 near Ma
Chai Hang Service Reservoir, plantation near Shatin Pass Road and secondary
woodland, shrubland in LRCP
(Outside
Project Area)
|
Listed
in Annex 1 of The Proposed Plan for Conservation of Butterflies in Hong Kong
|
North
Lantau Island, North West New Territories
|
N/A
|
Current
Study
|
|
Odonates
|
|
Chinese
Yellowface
|
Agriomorpha fusca
|
Shrubland
area at Sha Tin Pass Road
(Outside
Project Area)
|
LC
|
Widely
distributed in forest seepages and small woodland streams throughout Hong
Kong
|
Abundant
|
Literature
(3)
|
|
Emerald
Cascader
|
Zygonyx iris
|
Shrubland
at LRCP
(Outside
Project Area)
|
PGC
|
Widely
distributed in moderately clean, rapidly flowing forested streams in Hong
Kong
|
Abundant
|
Current
Study
|
|
Freshwater Assemblages
|
|
Freshwater crab
|
Cryptopotamon anacoluthon
|
Stream
at Sha Tin Pass Road
(Outside
Project Area)
|
PGC;
IUCN (VU)
|
Numerous
in shaded shallow streams with clear, fast-flowing water, rocky substratum,
and accumulations of leaf-litter.
|
Endemic
to Hong Kong
|
Literature
(3)
|
|
Freshwater crab
|
Nanhaipotamon hongkongense
|
Stream
north of Fat Jong Temple
(Outside
Project Area)
|
PGC
|
Hill
streams with clean water (8)
|
Endemic
to Hong Kong
|
Literature
(3)
|
|
Predaceous
Chub
|
Parazacco spilurus
|
LRCP
Catchwater
(Outside
Project Area)
|
CRDB
(VU)
|
Wide
distribution; unpolluted hill streams in upper and lower courses
|
Common
|
Literature
(5)
|
|
Notes:
(1) Conservation / Protection
Status refers to:
a. Cap. 170: Listed in Wild
Animals Protection Ordinance; Cap. 586: Protection of Endangered Species of
Animals and Plants
b. Level of Concern (Fellowes et al. 2002): PGC = Potential Global
Concern; PRC = Potential Regional Concern; RC = Regional Concern; LC = Local
Concern
c. IUCN Red List (2019): EN =
Endangered; R = Rare; NT = Near Threatened; VU = Vulnerable
d. China Red Data Book (Zheng
& Wang, 1998): R = Rare; EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable
e. RLCV (Jiang et al. 2006): NT = Near Threatened; CR
= Critically Endangered
f. Advisory Council on the
Environment (2010). The Proposed Action Plan for the Conservation of
Butterflies in Hong Kong (Nature Conservation Subcommittee Paper 3/10).
Retrieved from https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/sites/default/files/epd/english/boards/advisory_council/files/ncsc_paper03_2010.pdf
(2) AFCD Biodiversity Database
(2017)
(3) Baseline Ecological Survey
Report – Relocation of Diamond Hill Fresh Water and Salt Water Service
Reservoirs to Caverns – Feasibility Study (Mott MacDonald, 2017)
(4) Baseline Ecological Survey
and Assessment Report – Relocation of Diamond Hill Fresh Water and Salt Water
Service Reservoirs to Caverns – Investigation, Design and Construction –
Ecological Survey for Portal Option near Lion Rock Park (AECOM, 2019)
(5) Final
EIA Report for Shatin to Central Link – Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section (Arup,
2011)
(6)
Baseline Ecological Survey and Assessment Report – Relocation of Diamond Hill
Fresh Water and Salt Water Service Reservoirs to Caverns – Investigation,
Design and Construction – Ecological Survey for Portal Option near Lion Rock
Park (AECOM, 2019)
(7) Chan et al.
(2005). A
Field Guide to the Amphibians of Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries and
Conservation Department, Friends of the Country Parks and Cosmos Books Ltd.
(8)
Dudgeon & Corlett (1994). Hills and Streams: An Ecology of Hong Kong.
Hong Kong University Press
(9)
AFCD (n.d). AFCD Biodiversity Survey Record. Unpublished.
|
8.8.1
This section identifies and evaluates the
potential ecological impacts on habitats and species caused by the proposed
works of the Preferred Option during the construction and operation phases.
8.8.2
Works of the proposed project comprise site
clearance, site formation, construction of ancillary building, tunnel portal, underground
access tunnel and cavern and water mainlaying. Portion of the existing slope
will be removed for the construction of tunnel portal and ancillary building
during site formation. Only initial short section of tunnel will be constructed
by cut and cover method, and the remaining of tunnel and cavern will be
constructed by drill and break or drill and blast method. Waterproof membrane
and lining will be installed to form a stable cavern to prevent groundwater
seepage. Ancillary building will be constructed when access tunnel and portal
substantial complete. For water mainlaying works, it will be carried out by
open cut method and trenchless method during construction. It will be backfilled
and reinstated after water pipe installation. The potential ecological impacts
for the proposed project during construction and operation phases include
direct habitat loss, habitat disturbance, indirect impact on flora and fauna
species of conservation interest and groundwater infiltration.
Construction Phase
Habitat Loss
8.8.3
Although majority of the cavern system and
access tunnel (about 750 m) would be constructed underground, loss of habitats
would arise from the above-ground construction of tunnel portal, E&M building
(proposed ancillary facilities) and main laying.
8.8.4
Permanent loss of plantation habitat (approx. 0.252
ha) and developed area (0.032 ha) is expected from the construction of the
proposed tunnel portal (approx. 9.2 m tall) and ancillary building (approx. 14
m tall) and access road. No habitat fragmentation is anticipated. Taking into
account the small size and low ecological value of the affected habitats, the
magnitude of impact due to habitat loss is relatively small.
8.8.5
Temporary loss of plantation habitat (0.121 ha)
and developed area (2.901 ha) are anticipated for laying fresh water mains and
salt water mains. Overall, the temporary loss of plantation habitat (0.760 ha)
and developed area (3.114 ha) are expected within the Project Area. Given that the
ecological value of the affected area is low and temporary in nature, the
overall impact of habitat loss is anticipated to be minor. A summary of habitat
loss is shown in Table 8.10
and the different lengths of the proposed mains are shown in Table 8.11.
Areas of habitat loss are shown on Figure 8.2.
Table
8.10
Summary of Habitat Loss
|
Proposed Works
|
Plantation
(ha)
|
Developed Area (ha)
|
|
Permanent Loss
|
|
Tunnel
Portal & Ancillary facilities (E&M building)
|
0.252
|
0.032
|
|
Total Habitat Loss (ha)
|
0.252
|
0.032
|
|
Temporary Loss
|
|
Temporary
stockpiling area/storage area for nursery/temporary works area including
first 40m tunnel construction
|
0.638
|
0.213
|
|
Laying fresh water and salt water mains
|
0.121
|
2.901
|
|
Total Habitat Loss (ha)
|
0.760
|
3.114
|
|
Note: Apart from mainlaying, habitat loss from proposed works account
for construction works above ground surface only.
|
Table
8.11
Length of Proposed Fresh Water and Salt Water Mains
|
Proposed Mains
|
Length (m)
|
|
Fresh Water Mains
|
|
DN600 Inlet
|
152
|
|
DN600
Outlet
|
1290
|
|
DN450
Outlet
|
1926
|
|
Salt Water Mains
|
|
DN450 In/out
|
1286
|
|
DN800 In/out
|
1653
|
|
DN750 In/out
|
1480
|
|
DN450 & DN250 Outlet
|
2487
|
Direct Injury / Mortality
8.8.6
In addition to the direct impact due to
terrestrial habitat loss, the construction activities could potentially cause
direct injury / mortality to wildlife. Fauna with high mobility
(e.g. avifauna and butterflies) are not anticipated to be significantly
impacted as they could utilise less disturbed habitats outside the site
boundary of proposed works. However, fauna with lower mobility (e.g.
amphibians) and flora would be subjected to higher risk of damage or morality
by construction activities. All five floral species of conservation interest
were recorded outside of the project site boundary. As no works would be
conducted at their locations, no direct injury / mortality is anticipated.
Impact on Recognised Site of
Conservation Importance
8.8.7
The proposed works would not encroach into the
boundary of LRCP, hence no direct impact on wildlife and habitats within the
country park is anticipated.
Impact on Floral and Faunal Species
of Conservation Interest
Indirect Impact
Impact on Recognised Site of
Conservation Importance
8.8.9
Major construction activities will involve site
clearance, surface breaking, drilling, excavation, cavern construction, water
main laying, concreting works, E&M installation and landscaping works. For
the construction of the cavern, most part will be conducted using drill and
break/blast method while a short tunnel section at portal (~40m) will adopt cut
and cover excavation due to insufficient rock cover. It is expected that
construction dust, noise and water quality impacts would be limited to areas
near the portal. As the construction works continue into the underground tunnel
and enclosure with doors will be provided at tunnel portal and remain close
during construction for most of the time. In addition, the underground tunnel
and cavern will provide shielding effect for the construction works. With the
implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, no unacceptable dust, noise
and water quality impacts during construction is anticipated to LRCP. As the
LRCP is located at a higher elevation from the proposed cavern portal, site
effluent (if any) would not flow upwards to the Country Park. With
implementation of proper site practice and good site management specified in
the ProPECC PN 1/94, no unacceptable water quality impact is anticipated. For
details, please refers to Section 3.8 of Chapter 3 – air quality,
Section 4.8 of Chapter 4 – noise and Section 5.7 of Chapter
5 – water quality for reference.
Impact on Floral and Faunal Species
of Conservation Interest
8.8.10
Potential indirect impacts in the form of dust,
noise and other disturbances from the construction works are anticipated. Dust
emissions could reduce habitat quality and affect plant growth. Two individuals of Aquilaria sinensis, one
individual of Gnetum luofuense and one individual of Pavetta hongkongensis were recorded just outside the initial sections of the access tunnel. As these individuals were located approximately
25 to 50 m from the proposed works, impact due to construction dust is minor.
8.8.11
Faunal species of conservation interest, Rhesus
Macaque, was recorded near the preferred portal while Common Archduke was
recorded in secondary woodland north of Lion Rock Park near where the proposed
access tunnel will be constructed. Given the high mobility of both species and
availability of similar habitats nearby, they could easily move to surrounding
habitats for roosting and foraging. Overall, the impact on these species is
negligible.
8.8.12
Even though Black Kite was recorded within the
footprint of the proposed fresh water and salt water reservoir, this individual
was observed flying in the sky. Due to the high mobility of this species and
that most of the works would be performed underground, the impact on this
species is negligible.
8.8.13
To minimise the potential impacts on habitats
and wildlife in general, mitigation measures are recommended in Section 8.9.
Disturbance from Construction
Activities
8.8.14
Construction activities could cause indirect
impacts on habitats and associated fauna including increased human disturbance,
noise disturbance, increased traffic and construction machinery, dust emission
due to drilling and excavation as well as glare disturbance to nocturnal fauna
(e.g. bats). Moreover, surface runoff may also affect surrounding watercourses
if not properly discharged.
8.8.15
The cavern and tunnel would be excavated from
rocks by drill and break method followed by drill and blast method. As the
drill and blast operation would be carried out below ground surface, the
construction works are not expected to cause significant disturbance to
terrestrial habitats and fauna above. Moreover, as mentioned above, the
indirect impact on flora during construction phase is largely confined to dust
emission. Such impact could be reduced with implementation of appropriate dust
control measures detailed in Section 3.8.
Groundwater Infiltration
8.8.16
Construction of rock caverns and tunnel may
result in minor infiltration of groundwater compared to excavation of soft
ground as the rocks have low permeability and thus form a natural barrier which
could prevent potential groundwater drawdown. Nevertheless, mitigation measures
as outlined in Section 8.9 would be
implemented to control and minimise groundwater infiltration during
construction and operation phase.
Operation Phase
8.8.17
No direct impact is anticipated during operation
phase.
8.8.18
Indirect Impact
As the DHSRs will be located inside the
cavern and the ancillary building is unmanned except during maintenance period,
the anticipated traffic and human activities will be minimal. As mentioned in Chapter
3 and 4, no major air pollutant or odour is expected during operation and fixed
noise impact is also not expected as the fresh water and salt water pumping
stations will be located within the cavern and the pumps will be fully enclosed
within a machine room. Groundwater seepage, if any, would be controlled with
proper mitigation measures detailed in Section
8.9. It is expected that the level of
disturbance would be close to the current condition, therefore, the disturbance
impact to habitats and vegetation nearby and within LRCP during operation phase
is anticipated to be minor and acceptable.
Impact on Floral and Faunal Species
of Conservation Interest
8.8.19
The four floral species of conservation
interest, namely, Luofushan Joint-fir, Hong Kong Pavetta, Small Persimmon and
Red Azalea, were not recorded in the Project Site. Similarly, all faunal
species of conservation interest recorded within the Study Area for the
preferred option (including Short-nosed Fruit Bat, Rhesus Macaque, Black Kite,
Eastern Buzzard, Lesser Spiny Frog, Tokay Gecko, Baron, Yellow Rajah, Common
Archduke and Emerald Cascader) were also not recorded in the aboveground
sections of the Project Site.
8.8.20
As no faunal species of conservation interest
were recorded within the Project Area, no indirect impact is anticipated.
8.9.1
The alignment of the tunnel portal and access
tunnel options were evaluated to avoid encroachment of watercourses and
woodland as well as direct impact on recognised site of conservation importance
and species of conservation interest.
Avoidance of the Recognised Site of
Conservation Importance
8.9.2
The location of the cavern, the alignment of the
access tunnel and all above-ground works has been carefully planned to avoid
encroachment into the LRCP.
Avoidance of the Encroachment of Watercourse
8.9.3
The design of the preferred option adopted the
elimination of the emergency exit tunnel portal by accommodating the relocated
DHSRs and DHPS closer to the access tunnel in order to reduce the length of access
tunnel. This leads to the elimination of the emergency exit tunnel/portal as
the safe passage in accordance with Guide to Fire Safety Design for Caverns
1994. The proposed works of an emergency exit adjacent Fat Jong Temple at
Shatin Pass Road will result in loss of about 0.004 ha of watercourse habitats.
The concerned watercourse section is adjacent to developed area and there is
evidence of human disturbance particularly the section of road drain locating further
downstream. The ecological value of the watercourse is low to moderate. The
elimination of this emergency exit tunnel/portal could completely avoid the
encroachment of watercourse.
Avoidance of the Encroachment of Woodland
8.9.4
Due to the elimination of the emergency exit tunnel/portal
adjacent to Fat Jong Temple at Shatin Pass Road, the construction of this
portal would result in the loss of about 0.082 ha of secondary woodland habitat
which is moderate in ecological value.
The elimination of this emergency exit tunnel/portal could completely
avoid the encroachment of woodland.
8.9.5
For the access tunnel portal located near Lion
Rock Park Transit Nursery, the initial tunnel section where the rock cover is
insufficient for drill and break/blast construction. Thus, the cut and cover
excavation is unavoidably adopted. In order to avoid the direct encroachment of
woodland near the entrance of Lion Rock Park, the construction of initial
tunnel section using the cut and cover excavation method has been minimised.
With the careful construction design, only a short tunnel section (about 40m)
will be required. The permanent loss of woodland could be totally avoided.
Avoidance of Direct Impacts on Species of Conservation Interest
8.9.6
Floral species of conservation interest, Aquilaria sinensis, was recorded in the
vicinity of the proposed tunnel portal adjacent to Lion Rock Park. To avoid
removal and transplantation of this species, adjustment was made to the
proposed location of the tunnel portal and ancillary facilities to move them
further away from the concerned tree in the preferred tunnel option. Besides
that, the direct impact on the floral species of conservation interest has also
been avoided by shortening the construction of initial tunnel section using the
cut and cover excavation method.
8.9.7
Due to the elimination of the emergency exit
tunnel/portal adjacent to Fat Jong Temple at Shatin Pass Road, direct impact on
the herpetofauna species of conservation interest, Lesser Spiny Frog was
recorded in the watercourse behind Fat Jong Temple has been avoided.
8.9.8
To minimise habitat loss to the nearby habitats
and associated wildlife, the following mitigation measures should be
implemented:
·
Reinstatement and enhancement of temporarily
affected habitats;
·
Minimization of disturbance from construction
activities;
·
Control of site runoff; and
·
Control of groundwater infiltration.
Reinstatement and Enhancement of Temporarily Affected Habitats
8.9.9
Minor ecological impacts may arise from the
temporary loss of plantation and developed area during construction
phase. In general, replanting would be implemented upon the
completion of the construction works to reinstate the temporarily affected
areas to condition similar to original status. With the
implementation of mitigation measure, the ecological impacts to the temporarily
affected plantation and developed areas are expected to be limited. No adverse
ecological impact is anticipated from the temporary habitat loss.
Minimization of Disturbance from Construction Activities
8.9.10
In general, the indirect disturbance impacts to
habitats and associated fauna and flora which arise from construction works. With
proper implementation mitigation measures and good site practices, the indirect
disturbance impacts to associated fauna and flora could be minimised.
8.9.11
Mitigation measures including, but not limited
to, erection of site hoarding, use of Quality Powered Mechanical Equipment
(QPME), noise and dust reduction tarpaulin sheeting and good site practices
throughout construction phase are shown as followings:
·
Site hoarding would be established around the
proposed tunnel portal and E&M building prior to the commencement of
construction works to prevent construction activities from encroaching adjacent
habitats as well as prevent unnecessary human activities in the surrounding
habitats;
·
QPME, noise and dust reduction tarpaulin
sheeting could be used during construction phase to reduce noise disturbance
and dust emission. Temporary barriers such as movable noise barrier, temporary
noise screening structures and site hoardings could further reduce the noise
impact;
·
Good site practices such as regular water
spraying at dusty operation, provision of waste skips and timely collection of
general refuse and construction waste are also recommended; and
·
Lighting within the auxiliary building can
switched off during night-time except emergency lightings for safety.
Control of Site Runoff
8.9.12
During the construction phase, site runoff would
need to pass through sand/silt removal facilities to reduce the concentration
of suspended solid. In accordance with the Practice Note for
Professional Persons on Construction Site Drainage, Environmental Protection
Department, 1994 (ProPECC PN 1/94), best management practices should be
implemented on site as far as practicable to control site runoff and drainage
at all work sites during construction phase, so that the treated runoff will be
discharged to public drainage system in compliance with the WPCO. Construction
effluent, site run-off and sewage should be properly collected and/or
treated. Wastewater from a construction site should be
managed. Proper locations for discharge outlets of wastewater
treatment facilities well away from the natural watercourses should be
identified. Effluent monitoring should be incorporated to make sure
that the discharged effluent from construction sites meets the effluent
discharge guidelines. The best practices are detailed in the Water
Quality Impact Assessment (Chapter 5). The
practices outlined in ETWB TC (Works) No. 5/2005 “Protection of natural
streams/rivers from adverse impacts arising from construction works” should
also be adopted where applicable to minimise the water quality impacts upon the
channalised/semi-natural watercourses, in order to better protect the aquatic
ecosystem.
Control of Groundwater Infiltration
8.9.13
In order to minimise groundwater infiltration or
avoid potential impacts on watercourses, water table and groundwater drawdown,
minimization approach was adopted during design stage and would be adopted
during construction and operation phase.
8.9.14
The proposed cavern would be constructed under
the measured groundwater table. Water inflow would be controlled to an
acceptable level by implementing pre-grouting and post-grouting measures, thus
the impact of the proposed cavern on the groundwater table is considered to be
limited.
8.9.15
The permanent tunnel structure of the proposed
access tunnel would be designed as drained type at the locations with adequate
rock cover and designed as undrained type at locations with mix ground
conditions. The water inflow would also be controlled to an acceptable level
with pre-grouting and post-grouting measures.
8.9.16
During operation phase, waterproof lining would
be installed to prevent water seepage and water droplets (if any) would be
discharged into the sewage system.
8.9.17
The potential groundwater infiltration concern
has been addressed in Water Quality Chapter which concluded no unacceptable
water quality impact is expected during construction phase with the mitigation
measures recommended in Section 5.8.7.
8.9.18
No compensation is required as plantation
habitat within the Project Area is of low ecological value and the impact to the
affected plantation habitat is considered to be limited.
8.10.1
The construction activities of the Project are
tentatively scheduled from mid of 2022 to 2027. CE28/2017 (HY) Pedestrian Link
near Chuk Yuen North Estate – Design and Construction was identified as a
potential concurrent project. The target work commencement date of CE28/2017(HY)
is mid of 2023 and is targeted to be completed by mid of 2029. CE48/2018 (HY)
Improvement of Lion Rock Tunnel was identified as another potential concurrent
project. EIA study brief (ESB-323/2019) of the project “Improvement of Lion
Rock Tunnel” was issued in November 2019. Based on the latest information, the
target work commencement date of the project “Improvement of Lion Rock Tunnel”
is mid of 2024, which is a concurrent project with this Project during
construction.
8.10.2
The works areas of these projects are located at
the intersection of Sha Tin Pass Road and Chuk Yuen Road and near to the
existing Lion Rock Tunnel portals, which are far from the LRCP and works areas
of the proposed tunnel portal, E&M building and access tunnel. Moreover,
the works area of this concurrent project comprises largely developed area and
a small patch of plantation with no species of conservation interest recorded
during the baseline ecological surveys, therefore no cumulative impact is
expected.
8.11
Residual Impact
8.11.1
As no significant ecological impacts were
identified for construction and operation phase apart from permanent loss of
plantation (approx. 0.252 ha), with the effective implementation of the
recommended mitigation measures, no adverse residual ecological impact is
anticipated.
Construction Phase
8.12.1
Regular site audit will be conducted to ensure
the recommended good site practices are properly implemented.
Operation
Phase
8.12.2
No monitoring and audit is necessary during
operation of the Project.
8.13.1
Ecological surveys were undertaken to establish
the ecological profile of the proposed works areas and Study Area. Five (5)
types of habitats identified within the Study Area include secondary woodland,
shrubland, plantation, developed area and watercourse, of which two (2) types
of habitats, including plantation and developed area were located within the
Project Area. The ecological value of the identified habitats within the Project
Area is rated low.
8.13.2
The proposed works would not encroach into the
boundary of LRCP, hence no direct impact on wildlife and habitats within the
country park is anticipated. Direct and indirect ecological impacts that would
arise from the Project during the construction and operation phase have been
identified and evaluated. Direct impacts arising from the proposed works for
the preferred tunnel portal and cavern option include permanent loss of
plantation (approx. 0.252 ha), temporary loss of plantation (approx. 0.760 ha),
permanent loss of developed area
(approx. 0.032 ha) and temporary loss of developed area (approx. 3.114 ha) are
anticipated. The magnitude of impact due
to permanent and temporary loss of plantation and developed area is anticipated
to be relatively small.
8.13.3
Construction site runoff and other disturbance
impacts resulting from the proposed aboveground works may potentially have indirect
impact on wildlife and species of conservation interest. Standard mitigation
measures such as good site practice, control of lighting and minimization of
groundwater infiltration are proposed.
8.13.4
Most impacts are considered to be negligible in
nature. Overall, no significant adverse ecological impacts during construction
and operation phases were anticipated in this assessment. With effective
implementation of recommended mitigation measures, no adverse residual
ecological impacts are expected from the Project.
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