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Risk Management of Potentially Hazardous Installations
The government imposes special controls on industrial installations which use hazardous materials in quantities exceeding specified threshold values. These industrial installations are designated as Potentially Hazardous Installations (PHIs) and include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and oil terminals, housing estate LPG stores, gas production plants, explosive depots, and chlorine stores at water treatment works.
Risk guidelines have been developed by the government to allow the assessment of individual and societal risks at PHI sites. The societal risk guideline includes the requirement that risk levels should be "as low as reasonably practicable". This requirement has resulted in the implementation of cost-effective risk mitigation strategies including:
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advancement in treatment technology, e.g. implementation of on-site chlorine generation (OSCG) system to replace the liquid chlorine storage of the disinfection system at water treatment works; |
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provision of plant safety systems, e.g. containment and absorption systems have been installed in chlorine stores at water treatment works; |
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control of residential development near PHIs; and |
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PHI relocation from urban sites to sites in less populated areas. |
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