Ch 12 - Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

12 Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

12.1 Introduction

This section reports on the study to assess the potential landscape and visual impacts arising from construction and operation of any above ground structures and works areas associated with NDAs within the KTN and FLN areas.

The Project is a Schedule 3 Designated Project (DP) and various Schedule 2 DPs have been identified within it. The identified DPs are listed in Section 12.3.1 and ‘DP Packages 12A-D’ provide further details for each.

In accordance with the criteria as stated in Annexes 10 and 18 of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM), the landscape and visual impact assessment (LVIA) for the Schedule 3 NDA Project includes:

· a list of the relevant environmental legislation, standards and guidelines;

· a definition of the scope and contents of the Study;

· a review of the relevant planning and development control framework;

· a landscape impact assessment section, including:

-landscape impact assessment methodology;

-a landscape baseline study providing a comprehensive and accurate description of the baseline landscape resources (LRs) and landscape character areas (LCAs) within the two NDA Study Areas;

-identification of potential landscape impacts (these are similar to the potential visual impacts and hence all potential landscape and visual impacts are contained within one section);

-prediction of the nature of landscape impacts and the potential magnitude of change they will cause as well as the potential significance of impacts before the implementation of mitigation measures;

-recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures and associated implementation programmes;

-prediction of the significance of residual landscape impacts after the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures;

· a visual impact assessment section, including:

-visual impact assessment methodology;

-a visual baseline study, providing comprehensive details of visual elements surrounding each NDA and their Visually Sensitive Receivers (VSRs);

-prediction of the nature of visual impacts and the potential magnitude of change they will cause, as well as the potential significance of impacts before the implementation of mitigation measures;

-recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures and associated implementation programmes;

-prediction of the significance of residual visual impacts after implementation of the suggested mitigation measures; and

· an assessment of the acceptability or otherwise of the predicted residual impacts, according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM, namely beneficial, acceptable, acceptable with mitigation measures, unacceptable or undetermined.

12.2 Environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines

The following legislation, standards and guidelines are applicable to this LVIA associated with the construction and operation of the Project:

· Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap. 499. S16) and the Technical Memorandum on EIA Process (EIAO-TM), particularly Annexes 10 (Criteria for Evaluating Visual and Landscape Impact, and Impact on Sites of Cultural Heritage) and 18 (Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment);

· Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance Guidance Note 8/2010 (Preparation of Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance);

· Town Planning Ordinance (Cap131) and Town Planning (Amendment) Ordinance;

· Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG) issued by the Planning Department, in particular Chapters 4, 10, 11 and Section 7 in Chapter 12 (As at August 2011);

· Land Administration Office Instruction (LAOI) Section D-12 Tree Preservation;

· Development Bureau TCW No. 2/2012 – Allocation of Space for Quality Greening on Roads;

· Development Bureau TCW No. 3/2012 – Site Coverage of Greenery for Government Building Projects;

· Development Bureau, Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section (GLTM) April 2012 – Guidelines on Greening of Noise Barriers;

· Development Bureau TCW No. 2/2013 – Greening on Footbridges and Flyovers;

· Drainage Services Department Practice Note No.1/2005 – Guidelines on Environmental Considerations for River Channel Design;

· ETWB TCW No. 2/2004 – Maintenance of Vegetation and Hard Landscape Features;

· ETWB TCW No. 11/2004 – Cyber Manual for Greening;

· ETWB TCW No. 29/2004 – Registration of Old and Valuable Trees, and Guidelines for their Preservation;

· ETWB TCW No. 36/2004 – The Advisory Committee on the Appearance of Bridges and Associated Structures (ACABAS), including Appendix A ‘Guidelines for Submissions to ACABAS;’

· ETWB TCW No. 5/2005 – Protection of Natural Streams/Rivers from Adverse Impacts Arising from Construction Works;

· ETWB TCW No. 3/2006 – Tree Preservation;

· HyD HQ/GN/13 Interim Guidelines for Tree Transplanting Works under Highways Department's Vegetation Maintenance Ambit;

· HQ/GN/15 - Guidelines for Greening Works along Highways;

· Urban Design Guidelines for Hong Kong issued by the Planning Department (2003);

· Study on Landscape Value Mapping of Hong Kong^{(^[1])};

· WBTC No. 25/92 – Allocation of Space for Urban Street Trees;

· WBTC No. 7/2002 – Tree Planting in Public Works;

· GEO publication (1999) – Use of Vegetation as Surface Protection on Slopes; and

· GEO 1/2011 – Technical Guidelines on Landscaping Treatment for Slopes.

12.3 Scope of the Study

The Study Area, as shown in aerial photographs in Figures 12.0.0 to 12.0.2.2, is located at the northeastern part of the New Territories.

KTN NDA is located to the west of Sheung Shui and is generally bound by the Shek Sheung River to the east, Castle Peak Road and the Fanling Highway to the south, Pak Shek Au and Tit Hang villages to the west and the present Closed Area Boundary to the north. KTN NDA has an area of approximately 450ha.

FLN NDA is located immediately to the northeast of the established Fanling / Sheung Shui urban area and is bound by the Upper Ng Tung River to the north and east, Sha Tau Kok Road to the south, and Ma Sik Road and Tin Ping Road to the southwest. FLN NDA has an area of approximately 164ha.

12.3.1 Designated Projects Under Schedule 2 within NDA Project

The Project is a Designated Project under Item 1 of Schedule 3 of the EIAO. In addition, the Project includes various Schedule 2 DPs as summarised in Table 12.3.1 for KTN area and Table 12.3.2 for FLN area. Further details of each of the DPs and their LVIAs are found in DP Packages 12A-D.

Table 12.3.1 - Schedule 2 DPs in, and associated with, KTN NDA

Item	Work Component		Schedule 2 DP Category	Associated Schedule 2 DP Package
1	San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway Kwu Tung Section Widening (between San Tin Interchange and Po Shek Wu Interchange) (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road	12A
2	Castle Peak Road (CPR) Diversion (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.	12A
3	KTN NDA Road P1 and P2 (New Road) and associated new Kwu Tung Interchange (New Road) and Pak Shek Au Interchange Improvement (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.	12A
4	KTN NDA Road D1 to D5 (New Road)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.	12A
5	New Sewage Pumping Stations (SPSs) in KTN NDA	F3	A SPS---(b) with an installed capacity of more than 2,000 m³ per day and a boundary of which is less than 150 m from an existing or planned residential area or educational institution.	12B
6	Proposed railway station and associated facilities in KTN NDA (To be conducted under separate study)	A2	A railway and its associated stations.	EIA to be conducted under separate study
7*	Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent (TSE) from Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works (SWHSTW)	F4	An activity for the reuse of treated sewage effluent from a treatment plant.	12C

*Work component serves both KTN and FLN NDAs.

Table 12.3.2 - Schedule 2 DPs in, and associated with, FLN NDA

Item	Work Component		Schedule 2 DP Category	Associated Schedule 2 DP Package
7*	Utilization of TSE from SWHSTW	F4	An activity for the reuse of treated sewage effluent from a treatment plant.	12C
8	Po Shek Wu Interchange Improvement (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.	12D
9	Fanling Bypass Western Section (New Road)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.	12D
10	Fanling Bypass Eastern Section (New Road)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.	12D
11	Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works - Further Expansion at FLN NDA	F1	Sewage treatment works with an installed capacity of more than 15,000 m³per day.	12C
12	Reprovision of temporary wholesale market in FLN NDA	N3	A wholesale market.	12D
13	New Sewage Pumping Stations (SPSs) in FLN NDA	F3	A sewage pumping station---(b) with an installed capacity of more than 2,000 m³per day and a boundary of which is less than 150 m from an existing or planned residential area or educational institution.	12C

*Work component serves both KTN and FLN NDAs.

12.3.2 Concurrent Projects

Chapter 2 of the EIA Report evaluates the potential concurrent projects, as shown in Table 2.12, with Figures 2.21 and 2.22 illustrating their locations. The evaluation provided in Chapter 2 concludes that four of these projects should be assessed for cumulative impacts, as listed below.

Agreement No. CE42/2006(TP) Planning Study on Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Cross-boundary Control Point and its Associated Connecting Roads in Hong Kong – Feasibility Study

A new Boundary Control Point (BCP) is proposed to be constructed at Heung Yuen Wai. The associated connecting road is within the 500m study boundary of Fanling Bypass, considered a Schedule 2 DP. Cumulative landscape and visual impacts have therefore been assessed for both construction and operational phases in DP Package 12D for this LVIA.

Agreement No. CE53/2008(CE) Planning and Engineering Study on Development of Lok Ma Chau Loop – Investigation

The Development of the LMC Loop comprises the buildings, landscape and supporting infrastructure within and adjacent to the site. The eastern connection road lies within the study area of KTN NDA. Since the construction programme for the Project is likely to be concurrent with the Development of LMC Loop, cumulative landscape and visual impacts have been assessed for both construction and operational phases in Section 12.13.4.

Widening of Tolo Highway/ Fanling Highway between Island House Interchange and Fanling (Stage 2)

The project comprises (1) widening of a section of Fanling Highway of approximately 3 km long between Tai Hang and Wo Hop Shek Interchange from dual three-lane to dual four-lane carriageway; and (2) widening of the southbound slip road at Wo Hop Shek Interchange. The tentative completion date of the project is from Year 2015 to Year 2018 but is still under review by the Highways Department. This project intersects with the Fanling Bypass, considered a Schedule 2 DP. Cumulative landscape and visual impacts have therefore been assessed for both construction and operational phases in DP Package 12D for this LVIA.

Construction of cycle tracks and the associated supporting facilities from Sha Po Tsuen to Shek Sheung River

This project (the EIAO DP portion) is for the Priority Phase of the proposed Cycle Track Network recommended in the Feasibility Study. According to discussions with CEDD, the construction period is Year 2014 - 2017. Cumulative landscape and visual impacts have therefore been assessed in Section 12.13.4.

12.4 Landscape Impact Assessment Methodology

According to the Study Brief (ESB-176/2008) requirement, the Study Area for the landscape impact assessment shall include all areas within 500 m from each NDA site boundary as described in Section 12.3 and indicated in the aerial photograph of the whole Study Area in Figure 12.0.0. Figures 12.0.1 and 12.0.2.1-2 are close up aerial photographs of KTN and FLN NDA Study Areas respectively.

Firstly a baseline study has been conducted within the NDA Study Area, followed by an impact assessment, and each step is described below.

12.4.1 Baseline Study

· Identification of the baseline LRs and LCAs found within the 500 m Study Area has been achieved by site visits and desktop study of topographical maps, information databases and photographs. LR types are mapped based on their principal physical landscape and visual characteristics which link them together, rather than their habitat function; for example wet and dry agricultural land and active and abandoned agricultural land are considered as a single LR. In mapping these resources, contiguous areas of the LR types are identified which may not always match ecological habitat maps. Figures 12.5.0 and 12.6.0 show key plans for baseline LRs in KTN and FLN respectively, with zoom-ins shown in Figures 12.5.1-8 and 12.6.1-7. LCAs are broader categorizations than LRs, and each one encompasses a number of different LRs. Figures 12.7.0 and 12.8.0 show key plans for baseline LCAs in KTN and FLN NDAs respectively, with zoom-ins shown in Figures 12.7.1-8 and 12.8.1-7.

· Broad-brush tree survey. Identification of the tree species ^([2]),and approximate proportion of the different tree species, noting dominant species, as well as maturity and rarity of species (including species of conservation interest) within LRs and LCAs in the Study Areas, with special focus within the NDA boundaries.

· Assessment of the sensitivity of LRs and LCAs. This is influenced by a number of factors including the following.

- Quality and maturity, condition and value of landscape resources / character areas, taking into account information from the Broad Brush Tree Survey and general quality, maturity and condition of other types of vegetation. (Ranked as high, medium or low)

- Important / rarity of landscape resources / character areas. (Ranked as high, medium or low)

- Whether a landscape resource / character area is considered to be of local, regional, national or global importance. (Taken into account and included in the descriptive text where relevant)

- Whether there are any statutory or regulatory limitations / requirements relating to the landscape resources / character areas. (Taken into account and included in the descriptive text where relevant)

- Ability of the landscape resources / character areas to accommodate change without compromising their essential nature. (Ranked high, medium or low)

The sensitivity of each LR and LCA is based on the values of all the above factors in totality and classified as follows:

High: Important landscape or landscape resources of particularly distinctive character of high importance, sensitive to relatively small changes

Medium: Landscape or landscape resources of moderately valued landscape characteristics reasonably to tolerant to change

Low: Landscape or landscape resources of relatively unimportant landscape characteristics largely tolerant to change

12.4.2 Landscape Impact Assessment

Landscape impacts have been assessed for the construction and operational phases of the Project in each of the two NDA Study Areas as follows.

· Identification of potential sources of landscape impacts. There are various construction works elements and operational procedures that have the potential to generate landscape impacts.

· Rating of the magnitude of change caused by landscape impacts. The magnitude of change caused by the landscape impact is quantified as far as possible and depends on a number of factors including the following:

- The physical extent of the impact. This is assessed using a number of factors, including: absolute area/length within the NDA Project Site; relative area/length with the NDA Site compared to the Study Area; and the current land use compared to the proposed land use i.e. taking into account some land, even though within the NDA Project Site, will not be directly impacted e.g. land zoned as “Green Belt” will remain unchanged. (Ranked as small, medium or large)

- Compatibility of the Project and associated works with the existing and planned landscape in the vicinity. (Ranked as good, fair or poor)

- Duration of impacts i.e. whether it is temporary (short or medium term) or permanent, under construction and operational phases

- Reversibility of change (ranked as reversible or irreversible)

The magnitude of landscape change on each LR/LCA is based on the values of all the above factors in totality and classified as follows:

Large: The LRs or LCAs would suffer a major change

Intermediate: The LRs or LCAs would suffer moderate change

Small: The LRs or LCAs would suffer slight or barely perceptible change

Negligible: The LRs or LCAs would suffer no discernible change

· Prediction of landscape impact significance before and after the implementation of the mitigation measures. By understanding the magnitude of change caused by the various impacts and the sensitivity of the various LRs/ LCAs, it is possible to categorize impacts in a logical, well-reasoned and consistent fashion. Table 12.4.1 shows the rationale for dividing the degree of significance into four thresholds, namely insignificant, slight, moderate, and substantial, depending on the combination of a negligible-small-intermediate-large magnitude of change and a low-medium-high degree of sensitivity of LR/ LCA.

Table 12.4.1 - Relationship between receptor sensitivity and magnitude of change in defining impact significance

		Receptor Sensitivity of LR/LCA
		Low	Medium	High
Magnitude of Change	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
	Small	Slight	Slight/ Moderate	Moderate
	Intermediate	Slight/ Moderate	Moderate	Moderate/ Substantial
	Large	Moderate	Moderate/ Substantial	Substantial

The four thresholds for the degree of significance are explained below. All impacts are assumed to be adverse in the text of the Report, unless specifically identified otherwise.

Substantial: Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposed NDA Project will cause significant deterioration or improvement in existing landscape quality

Moderate: Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposed NDA Project will cause a noticeable deterioration or improvement in existing landscape quality

Slight: Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposed NDA Project will cause barely perceptible deterioration or improvement in existing landscape quality

Insignificant: No discernible change in the existing landscape quality

Impacts have been mapped for the LRs in Figure 12.11.0 (key plan) and Figures 12.11.1-4 (zoom ins) for KTN NDA, and Figure 12.12.0 (key plan) and Figures-12.12.1-4 (zoom ins) for FLN NDA. Figures 12.9.0 and 12.10.0.1-2 show the revised RODP for KTN NDA and FLN NDA respectively and Figures 12.9.1-2 and 12.10.1-2 give details of the Development Parameters of KTN NDA and FLN NDA RODPs respectively.

Impact for LCAs have been mapped in Figures 12.13.0 (key plan) and Figures 12.13.1-4 (zoom ins) for KTN NDA, and Figure 12.14.0 (key plan) and Figures 12.14.1-4 (zoom ins) for FLN NDA.

· Potential landscape mitigation measures have been identified with a view to reduce landscape impacts to acceptable levels during design, construction and operation of the Project and associated works. The proposed mitigation measures are not only concerned with damage reduction but will also include consideration of preservation to avoid disturbance to LRs and LCAs and potential enhancement of existing landscape (and visual) quality. Mitigation measures may take the form of:

- Adopting alternative design or revising the basic engineering and / or architectural design, to prevent and / or minimize adverse impacts. Alternative alignment(s), design(s) and construction methods that avoid or reduce the identified landscape impacts have been evaluated for comparison before adopting other mitigation or compensatory measures to alleviate the impacts

- Remedial measures such as colour and textural treatment of physical, engineering and building features and green roofing

- Compensatory measures such as the implementation of landscape design measures (e.g. tree planting, creation of new open space etc.) to compensate for unavoidable adverse impacts and to attempt to generate potentially beneficial long-term impacts

To ensure their effectiveness throughout the construction and operational phases of the Project and associated works, the relevant responsible parties for the on-going management and maintenance of the proposed mitigation measures have been identified. Approval-in-principle to the funding, implementation, management and maintenance of the proposed mitigation measures is being sought from the appropriate authorities, according to the principles in ETWB TCW No. 2/2004.

· Prediction of Acceptability of Impacts. An overall assessment of the acceptability, or otherwise, of the impacts in accordance with the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM is given, considering the guidelines in paragraph 3.11 of Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance Guidance Note No. 8/2010.

12.5 Review of Planning and Development Control Framework

This section provides an overview of the HKSAR Government’s development intentions, statutory land-use and planning within the Study Areas, specifically from landscape and visual standpoints, and also discusses the overall development principles and concepts considered during the design of the revised RODPs. Relevant, published studies, such as HK2030 Study are reviewed before detailing how the design of the revised RODPs has affected landscape and visual impacts. The existing Outline Zoning Plans (OZPs), and Development Permission Area (DPA) Plans are then considered in relation to the relevant revised RODP of the NDAs and their Layout Plans, with the aim of assessing whether the Project can fit into the surrounding setting.

12.5.1 The Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy

HK2030 Study was tasked to update the Territorial Development Strategy for Hong Kong recommending, on the basis of a series of assumptions, how the spatial environment should respond to various social, economic and environmental needs in the next 20 to 30 years, taking Hong Kong towards a shared vision.

The HK2030 Study proposed a number of recommendations including improvement of the degraded rural environment, better protection of resources of high conservation value, and particularly that the NDAs (i.e. NENT NDAs^([3]) and Hung Shui Kiu NDA) could be an important source of housing land. Based on the HK2030 Study, the residential population target would be 0.35 million within NENT NDAs and Hung Shui Kiu NDA. They would be served by rail and highly accessible through the development of new rail stations. The NDAs proposed in the HK2030 Study are contiguous to existing developed areas such that they would be more cost effective in the provision of infrastructure. Some of the existing government, institutions or community facilities could also be shared between the currently developed areas and the NDAs. In addition, the NDAs would have the potential to provide additional employment opportunities for new town dwellers.

It is considered that the current proposed NDA developments (KTN and FLN NDAs only) and associated works are in principle following the concept of HK2030 Study and further details regarding the design of the revised RODPs are given in Section 12.5.2, particularly with respect to landscape and visual considerations.

12.5.2 Revised RODP Design to Minimize Landscape & Visual Impacts

The revised RODPs set out the proposed land use framework to guide future development of the KTN and FLN NDAs in terms of spatial land use arrangements, development intensities and heights, major infrastructural networks, open space and visual corridors/networks, etc. and therefore play a key part in directing the potential landscape and visual (L&V) impacts of the Project. They have undergone a number of iterations and substantial changes since the HK2030 Study concept and the NENT Study was completed in 2003, taking into account the findings and recommendations of various technical assessments such as engineering, land, traffic and environment, etc. The text below summarises the relevant planning principles and concepts that have been incorporated into the revised RODPs, particularly highlighting those that mitigate the potential landscape and visual impacts of the Project.

12.5.2.1 Overall Development Principles and Concepts

Each NDA has been planned to achieve the distinct landscape characteristic of a new town; considering the KTN NDA is served by the Fanling Highway and Lok Ma Chau (LMC) Spur Line and its strategic proximity to Lo Wu BCP, LMC BCP, and the proposed LMC Loop, it has been planned as a ‘mixed development node’ with a town centre based around the proposed railway station and focused on transit oriented development. FLN NDA on the other hand has been planned as a ‘riverside community’ with Ng Tung River serving as the key linkage in the NDA with pedestrian and cycle track systems and the open space corridor and mixed residential and commercial development. Both FLN NDA and KTN NDA are planned to be the extensions of the existing Fanling/Sheung Shui new town to form the FL/SS/KTN New Town.

Care has been taken to preserve major landscape assets such as Tai Shek Mo, Wa Shan and Cham Shan uplands, Fung Kong Shan and limit development in Long Valley, thus avoiding L&V impacts. Similar priority has been given to establishing a network of linked open spaces, accommodating a number of parks, plazas, squares, green amenity strips and landscape corridors, to create ‘green’ new towns and partly compensate for any loss of such existing open spaces or other relevant LRs.

During public consultations, people were noted to be concerned about the L&V impacts of the elevated road infrastructures and noise barriers specifically. Some people also suggested maximizing the greening opportunities. The revised RODPs therefore aim to minimize areas needing noise barriers and maximize greening opportunities.

Site formation has also been carefully considered to minimize works and L&V impact, by keeping all the proposed developments and infrastructures as close to the existing ground profile as possible and achieving the best cut/ fill balance for each development stage of the NDAs. For low-lying areas drainage has also been taken into account and filled to above 1-in-200-year flood levels. Where there is a need for site formation to significantly cut into existing landscape, the use of retaining walls has been preferred. Retaining walls reduce the extent of land affected (thereby reducing direct landscape impact) and avoid formation of extensive and unsightly cut slopes, although the visual impact of retaining walls themselves has also been taken into account and addressed..

Details of specific principles adopted when formulating the revised RODP for each NDA are provided below, focusing on those that particularly affect L&V impacts.

12.5.2.2 KTN NDA Planning Principles and Concepts

Key principles adopted when formulating the KTN NDA revised RODP and which avoid, reduce or compensate for potential L&V impacts, are detailed below, and Figures 12.9.3 to 12.9.5 in combination help illustrate them.

Layout Design Respecting the Surrounding Environment and Ecology

To respect the rural character in the surrounding areas, a stepped building height profile is adopted in designing the NDA which helps to increase visual interest and give a more visually amenable appearance. The high density developments will be concentrated around the proposed Kwu Tung Railway Station. The building density and heights drop gradually towards the periphery of the NDA to ensure a better integration between the NDA developments and the adjacent rural setting.

Additionally site coverage restrictions have been considered and adopted in the allocation of land uses in order to respect and integrate with the local context and development, and also to reduce potential visual impacts in particular. The building mass is controlled by the proposed maximum site coverage, with the site coverage for CDA sites for example restricted at 65% to avoid excessive building bulk, allow space for greening and improve visual amenity.

Due consideration is also given to Long Valley as outlined in the paragraphs below.

Incorporation of Key Natural and Landscape Features into NDA Development, including creation of Long Valley Nature Park

A key planning principle is to preserve and enhance the significant landscape character areas and landscape resources in the NDA, thus avoiding landscape (as well as visual) impacts. Due respect has been paid to the existing landscape features such as Fung Shui woodlands, which are of high social importance. Development/encroachment within Fung Shui woodlands should be avoided. The existing Fung Shui Woodland adjacent to Ho Sheung Heung is integrated into the land use framework through its designation as “Green Belt” zone and the five registered OVTs within the NDA boundary, located along Castle Peak Road/ Fanling Highway, are proposed to be retained. In addition, Fung Kong Shan and the hill to its east have been designated as “Green Belt” zone and a large area to the west of the NDA, incorporating the foothills of the Western Ranges, is another Green Belt designated area.

With respect to the habitat of Long Valley, the urban type developments within this NDA are located away from the core area of Long Valley, where ecologically important habitats are present. Direct impacts to the core area or areas immediately adjacent to this core area have been avoided by designating the core area of Long Valley as “Other Specified Uses (Nature Park)” zone to create the Long Valley Nature Park (LVNP), which will be actively managed by the Government, and designating those areas immediately adjacent as ‘AGR’ zone to retain their use. This is a key avoidance mitigation measure to reduce overall impact on agricultural landscape due to the Project, and partially compensate for any unavoidable marsh/ wetland loss (See Section 12.9, MM13 for further details and also Section 12.5.3.1 for further details of the treatment of Long Valley).

In addition, existing trees have been retained as far as possible throughout the NDA, to avoid the loss of landscape resources and greening.

Creating a Comprehensive Green Network

Fung Kong Shan Park is proposed to be designed as a green park featuring a major artificial lake with water running off from Fung Kong Shan. The park could exemplify the green vision of the NDA. Additionally the riverside promenade along the western side of Sheung Yue River also serves as an important riverside open space with good views to the green LVNP on the opposite bank of the river. The Town Park stretching from west to east linking up Pak Shek Au and Long Valley also provides spaces for recreational and social activities and the north-south open space corridors linking Kwu Tung South with Fung Kong Shan Park will be landscaped and form part of the comprehensive green network. This green network serves as a physical linkage between major residential areas and major activity nodes (such as Kwu Tung Railway Station, Town Park, LVNP and Fung Kong Shan Park) and could enhance the overall landscape character of the area.

Creating Visual Connections and Breezeways

The major east-west green corridor (Site A1-10) connecting Long Valley to Pak Shek Au provides a key visual corridor and breezeway for the NDA. The north-south corridors (including through Sites B2-9, B2-13 and A3-3) also provide direct visual linkage from the southern part of the NDA to the hilly backdrop in the north and give a sense of space. Another view corridor is also provided in a northwest-southeast direction in the form of the eastern periphery road, providing a distant view to Fung Kong Shan. A continuous open view from Long Valley to the hills in the north is also preserved. The positions of the building blocks have also been designed to maintain view corridors and designations of building separation as well as building set back are considered to avoid wall-like buildings and achieve better visual permeability.

Public Open Space System

Apart from the major public open spaces of the east-west running Town Park in the town centre; the Fung Kong Shan Park in the northern part of the NDA and the riverside promenade along the western side of Sheung Yue River, a secondary green loop offering a continuous open space framework connecting all the residential neighbourhoods, in both east-west and north-south direction, is also provided to promote a safe and comfortable walking environment within the NDA. These public open spaces could be designed to create central squares, gardens, children’s playgrounds or parks. The public open space system will enhance the visual amenity of the area and improve the overall landscape character.

Buffer Areas

Amenity areas have been carefully planned to provide buffers between major roads and proposed developments to mitigate potential environmental impacts, including visual impacts. They offer good opportunities for landscaping and tree planting and may screen views of roads and generally enhance their landscape and visual amenity.

Preservation of Cultural and Heritage Resources

The declared monuments and graded historic buildings have been considered and incorporated in the NDA development.

Other planning principles less directly affecting L&V impacts of the KTN NDA include:

Minimising Impacts on Existing Communities - In the revised RODP, attempts have been made to minimize disturbance to the existing community which may have implications on landscape impacts. Two burial grounds are located on the hillside slopes immediately west of Ho Sheung Heung and near Tit Hang, on the northern and western fringes of the NDA. No developments encroach on these areas. Developments in the close vicinity are compatible with the rural setting.

Sufficient Government, Institution and Community Facilities - Some of the existing G/IC facilities within the NDA will be retained thus reducing the land required to provide additional G/IC facilities.

Promoting a Sustainable Living Environment through Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) – The majority of the NDA’s developments and population will be located within a 500 m catchment area of the proposed Railway Station and the population will therefore be concentrated in this area rather than expanding further afield and the natural area at the periphery of the NDAs can be preserved.

Reserving Land to Support Economic Growth of Hong Kong - The existing infrastructure has been considered, particularly Fanling Highway and the proposed Railway Station, with a cluster of “Commercial, Research and Development” sites located within easy access.

Balanced Community Mix - A range of housing types must be accommodated to cater for different housing needs.

Incorporation of Environmentally ‘Green’ Features – Planning also considers the provision of a District Cooling System (DCS) for non-domestic developments, passive building design, water saving fixtures, reuses of treated sewage effluent (TSE) for non-portable purposes such as landscape irrigation, etc.. The revised RODP allows for subsequent implementation of road-based EFTM e.g. charging stations for electric vehicles.

12.5.2.3 FLN NDA Planning Principles and Concepts

Key principles adopted when formulating the FLN NDA revised RODP and which avoid, reduce or compensate for potential L&V impacts, are detailed below, and Figures 12.10.3 -5 in combination help illustrate them.

Compatibility with the Surrounding Environmental and Development Characters

In FLN NDA, high buildings with the highest density are concentrated within the two core areas on the southern bank of Ng Tung River to minimize urban sprawl and an area between the two core areas is reserved for a Central Park and low-rise buildings for various recreation, social and community facilities to provide some relief between the two core concentrated development areas. In addition, the intensity and building heights drop gradually towards the periphery and Ng Tung River to help maximize views to this natural feature and the hills behind, increase visual interest through the stepped building height profile and overall give the NDA a more visually amenable appearance.

With respect to development characters, FLN NDA (and KTN NDA) will extend to the existing Fanling/Sheung Shui new town to form the FL/SS/KTN New Town, with residents sharing the existing and the planned community facilities. FLN NDA will therefore be compatible with the surrounding development, extending the existing urban area.

In addition, the existing Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works (WTW) has a ‘Consultation Zone’ and ‘Influence Zone’ of 1km and 2km radius respectively. These have been considered during development of the RODP in view of the potential hazards within these areas. Therefore residential developments will not be planned within the Consultation Zone, while residential developments of relatively lower intensities are planned in the Influence Zone and sensitive uses such as schools will be located as far as possible from the Influence Zone. In sum, the amount of residential development and working opportunities within these zones has been carefully controlled.

Incorporation of Key Natural and Landscape Features into NDA Development

FLN NDA occupies the flat land between the existing new town and surrounding hill slopes and village developments. The outer limit to the new town is clearly delineated by the retrained Ng Tung River and the proposed major road.

To help preserve the green aspect in north-western part of the NDA, Sites A1-3 and A1-9 will remain as an “Agriculture” zone and the mitigation meander at Site A1-7, which was formed as a result of the channelization of Ng Tung River, is designated as a “Conservation Area” zone. This site is conserved for relocation of Man Kam To egretry and there is a general presumption against development.

Creating a Comprehensive Green Network

In order to enhance the living environment in the NDA, an open space system is embedded into the NDA to provide a continuous green network across the neighbourhood and create convenient accesses to the riverside promenade either from the NDA development or the existing Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town. The riverside promenade along Ng Tung River forms an important element to the open space system in FLN NDA and will also be linked all the way to Long Valley in Kwu Tung North. It aims to improve the environment along the River for leisure and recreational use.

Green spines (Sites B2-9, B3-8, C2-2, C2-10, D1-4, D1-5, D2-3, D2-5, D2-8, D2-10, D2-11, D3-5 and D3-10) are provided to connect the residential areas to the riverside promenade and Central Park, providing not only green linkages to the recreational resources, but also important physical and visual relief to the residential developments in the NDA as well as existing residential neighbourhoods in the Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town.

Major green corridors and secondary green corridors are designed in the form of tree avenues, boulevards, pedestrian streets and green walkways which make the FLN NDA visually cohesive in terms of the continuity of tree and shrub planting and allow, where possible, continuous and safe pedestrian access throughout the development.

Sites A1-3 and A1-9 will help preserve the green aspect in north-western part of the NDA, by remaining as an “Agriculture” zone and the conservation area at Site A1-7, reserved for the Man Kam To egretry, will also help retain the green aspect of the area.

Creating Visual Connections and Breezeways

The riverside location and the linear configuration of the NDA mean that there is a wealth of opportunity for attractive views and breezeways under prevailing north-easterly winds. The riverside promenade and riverside parks along Ng Tung River and the Central Park (Site C2-8) provide visual and spatial relief in the NDA, with the Central Park providing a large-scale visual and physical break between the two main residential neighbourhoods. The Central Park and the north-south running green spines also serve as major view corridors to protect the long-range views toward the green backdrop in the north.

Furthermore, to allow prevailing winds to pass through the NDA, all breezeways are oriented in a northeast-southwest direction creating visual permeability across the residential neighbourhoods to the River and Central Park.

Public Open Space System

A number of sites are zoned “Open Space” in FLN NDA to provide public recreational and leisure space and to integrate major parks and riverside promenades. This land is intended primarily for the provision of outdoor open-air public space for active and/or passive recreational uses. The open space at Site C2-8 is proposed as the Central Park which serves as a major recreational area and combines with the social services and recreational facilities in the vicinity (Site C2-6) to serve as a civic core of the NDA. Areas along the northern and southern banks of Ng Tung River will be developed into continuous promenades for the enjoyment of residents and visitors and Riverside Parks are also proposed at a number of sites such as Sites B1-2, B2-1, B2-8, B2-10, D1-2 and D1-3, as other activity nodes in the NDA. The public open space system will therefore enhance the visual amenity of the area and improve the overall landscape character.

Buffer Areas

Amenity strips will be provided alongside many road edges to enhance the amenity and to serve as visual buffers. They offer good opportunities for landscaping and tree planting and may screen views of roads and generally enhance their landscape and visual amenity.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage

Man Ming Temple (a Grade 3 historic building) will be preserved and located within open space for public use.

Other planning principles less directly affecting L&V impacts of the FLN NDA include:

Sufficient Government, Institution and Community (G/IC) Facilities - Sufficient land has been reserved for a comprehensive range of G/IC uses to accommodate the needs of the future and existing residents in Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town.

Concentration of Population around Major Transport and Activity Nodes -High density residential and commercial developments are clustering within 500 m catchments of the proposed public transport interchanges. By concentrating the population around certain nodes, fragmented land use is avoided and potentially L&V impacts reduced.

Balanced Community Mix - A range of housing types are accommodated to cater for different housing needs.

Incorporation of Environmentally ‘Green’ Features – such as passive building design, water saving fixtures, green construction materials, reuse of TSE for non-portable purposes such as landscape irrigation, etc. The revised RODP allows for subsequent implementation of road-based EFTM and Site B2-2 in FLN NDA is reserved as the parking and operation facilities for EFTM which is intended to serve the NDAs in the future.

12.5.3 Existing Outline Zoning Plans (OZPs)

The review of the OZPs has included a review of the Plans as well as the accompanying Notes and Explanatory Statements. The NDA Study Areas and NDA boundaries have been superimposed onto existing OZPs and Development Permission Area (DPA) Plans to determine the effect of the revised RODPs on the current land zoning. Details for each NDA are provided below.

12.5.3.1 Kwu Tung North NDA

The KTN NDA Study Area is currently covered by a number of OZPs and DPA Plans as illustrated in Figure 12.1.0. Details of the affected DPA Plan(s) are given in Section 12.5.4 Land Use Planning for Frontier Closed Area, and further details of the OZPs affected by KTN NDA are provided below.

The KTN NDA (as defined by the NDA boundary) principally sits within Approved Kwu Tung North OZP No. S/NE-KTN/8 and in the north a small area falls within DPA/NE-MTL/2. Although the southern periphery of the NDA boundary touches upon the Draft Kwu Tung South OZP No. S/NE-KTS/13, the areas affected are so small as to be considered insignificant (see Figure 12.1.0).

Table 12.5.1 summarizes the areas of existing zoning types of OZP No. S/NE-KTN/8 within the KTN NDA boundary. Although KTN NDA falls almost entirely within this OZP boundary, some falls within other DPA plans. However essentially no development is proposed (e.g. H1-1, B1-3, D1-8, E1-8, F1-5, F1-6, and part of G1-3 are all designated to remain as Green Belt) except the water service reservoirs at G1-4 and G1-5. Other key changes are listed in the table.

Zoning Type	Existing Area within OZP (ha)	Area within NDA Boundary (ha) (Approximate percentage that will undergo land use change)	Comments on Major land use changes
Agriculture (AGR)	131.59	130.51 (35%)	More than half of this zoning type will not be modified, having been designated to be retained as Agricultural Land (e.g. C1-6, C2-2, C2-4, C2-5), protected in as a Nature Park in Long Valley (C1-9), or partly falling in Green Belt sites (e.g. H1-1). Approximately 35% of this zoning type will be modified by the proposed development: various commercial, research and development facilities and residential sites west of the Sheung Yue River and Long Valley (e.g. B3-5, B3-12, part of A2-9, D1-7 etc.); amenity and government facilities in the south west of the NDA (e.g. B1-1, B1-4, B1-9, etc. and the proposed Plant for District Cooling System in B1-7); and part of the area of AGR in the mid-west of the NDA (approximately 2 ha) will also be modified by the proposed swimming pool and sports centre (E1-5) and primary school (E1-2).
Comprehensive Development Area (CDA)	18.21	18.21 (100%)	Both areas of CDA in this OZP will change to compatible land uses. The area in the south west of the NDA is proposed to accommodate part of the hospital, polyclinic and general clinic/healthcare facilities (B2-2) as well as some educational (e.g. B2-5, B2-6, B2-7), residential use (e.g. A1-4, A1-2) and the CLP substation (B2-4). The area further to the east in the NDA, will change to accommodate some residential sites (e.g. A1-9) and distributor roads and a small part will be affected by sites proposed for commercial, research and development facilities (e.g. B3-8).
Government / Institution / Community (G/IC)	11.52	11.52 (15%)	There are no significant changes to this land zoning. Many facilities such as Lo Wu Saddle Club, Lo Wu Correctional Institution and an existing basketball court (C2-3) will remain unaffected. Other areas that are affected fall with sites proposed for the same land use (e.g. primary school at E1-2 and police facilities at E1-3). The former Ma Tso Lung Landfill area is proposed as open space (O), which will be a land use change (about 15%), but this is compatible with the current land use.
Green Belt (GB)	107.23	107.12 (25%)	Of the approximately 107.12 ha of GB in this OZP that falls within the revised RODP, approximately 80 ha (approximately 75 %) falls on sites designated to remain as Green Belt (e.g. B1-3, H1-1, E1-8, D1-8, F1-5, F1-6 and part of G1-3) and will be unaffected. Of the remaining approximate 25% of land where land use change is proposed, some is proposed for compatible land use (e.g. The remaining Lo Wu Firing Range at G1-2, open space at E1-7 for Fung Kong Shan Park), however approximately 18 ha is proposed for land uses that are not compatible; one site west of Fung Kong foothill is proposed for a fire station cum ambulance depot (E1-6) and part of a site for a sports ground/ sports complex (F1-1) will also fall on GB; Sites D1-12, D1-13 and D1-14 are Government reserves or potential activity centres which are not compatible either. Equally the Sites reserved for research and development in support of LMC Loop Development at F1-3 are not compatible. Finally the proposed district distributor roads also partially fall in this zoning (e.g. at B1-3 and west of A2-2) and are not compatible.
Industrial (Group D) (I(D))	26.03	26.03 (100%)	All I(D) in this OZP will change in land use. It is mainly proposed for residential uses and some commercial, research and development use which are considered compatible. Some affected areas fall on sites proposed for amenity uses which would be considered to enhance the land use.
Open Space (O)	7.19	7.19 (60%)	All the Open Space in this OZP falls within the NDA boundary but just over half will change land use to become residential (e.g. public rental housing at A1-2, and high density residential zone at A1-6) and comprehensive development area (B2-10), while the rest will remain as open space (e.g. A1-10 and B2-9).
Open Storage (OS)	43.44	43.44 (100%)	All the Open Storage in this OZP falls within the revised RODP and will be converted to open space, residential, educational and recreational land uses as well as amenities such as roads or railway associated facilities.
Village Type Development (V)	14.03	14.03 (0%)	There will be no changes to this zoning type in this OZP.
TOTAL	358.2	358.1

Zoning Type	Existing Area within OZP (ha)	Area within NDA Boundary (ha) (Approximate percentage that will undergo land use change)	Comments on Major Land Use Changes
Agriculture (AGR)	175.66	39.12 (65%)	Some of the AGR in this OZP within FLN NDA is the river which will not be affected but most of the rest of this zoning will undergo land use change. Approximately 15% of this AGR zoned land in the FLN NDA is on site proposed as open space and this is fairly compatible with the current use. Another approximately 45% in the west of FLN NDA, AGR is proposed to change to land use types that are not compatible: Government land for a Police Driving and Traffic Training Division (A1-8). Further east approximately another 5% will be affected by some residential sites (e.g. B1-7) and Government sites proposed for a sports centre and integrated children and youth service centre (C2-6). In addition some of the AGR will be converted to amenity land for roads.
Government / Institution / Community (G/IC)	25.39	1.68 (100%)	This G/IC affected by the FLN NDA will all change land use to either residential or a village re-site area.
Green Belt (GB)	112.50	0.03 (0%)	Not a significant area – likely discrepancies in GIS mapping.
Open Storage (OS)	7.19	0.06 (0%)	Not a significant area – likely discrepancies in GIS mapping.
Other Specified Uses (OU)	13.35	2.51 (100%)	The area affected in this OZP is all proposed to be used for Police’s weapons training complex (A1-11).
TOTAL	334.09	40.75

Zoning Type	Existing Area within OZP (ha)	Area within NDA Boundary (ha) (Approximate percentage that will undergo land use change)	Comments on Major Land Use Changes
Government / Institution / Community (G/IC)	105.63	1.63 (0%)	This G/IC area affected is in the south east of the FLN NDA and will not change land use as it is proposed for as government reserve (D2-15) and to re-provide the existing North District Temporary Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products (D1-6).
Green Belt (GB)	159.02	89.30 (95%)	Most of the area of GB within the FLN NDA will undergo land use change, with most of it converted to other incompatible land uses, mainly residential (e.g. B1-7, B2-6, B2-7, B2-11, B2-12, B3-2, B3-3, B3-6, B3-7, B3-9, D2-2, D2-4, D2-6, D2-9, D2-12, D3-1a, D3-1b, D3-1c, D3-3, D3-4, D3-6, D3-7, D3-8) and distributor roads. Most of the residential areas have provision of open space between the buildings however.
Industrial (I)	58.37	1.51 (100%)	This area is due to be converted to road and to land proposed for Government use, namely a government reserve (D2-16) and to re-provide the existing North District Temporary Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products (D1-6).
Open Space (O)	47.44	2.62 (80%)	Most of this small area of open space affected by the FLN NDA is proposed for residential use (e.g. public rental housing at D3-8 and high density residential zone at D3-6), school (Site D3-11) as well as part of a road. A small area remains as open space (D3-10) or more compatible land use (e.g. amenities at D3-9).
Other Specified Uses (OU)	35.82	0.11 (0%)	Not significant area – likely discrepancies in GIS mapping.
Residential (Group B) (R(B))	8.18	0.01 (0%)	Not significant area – likely discrepancies in GIS mapping.
Residential (Group C) (R(C))	23.23	0.29 (100%)	Likely to be affected by land proposed for a distributer road with the FLN NDA.
TOTAL	437.69	91.72

Zoning Type	Existing Area within OZP (ha)	Area within NDA Boundary (ha) (Approximate percentage that will undergo land use change)	Comments on Major Land Use Changes
Government / Institution / Community (G/IC)	1.06	0.17 (100%)	The G/IC area in this OZP is already a firing range with a fresh water service reservoir underneath it. It is affected by the proposed FLN Fresh Water Service Reservoir (A3-1) and therefore will not change land use.
Green Belt (GB)	245.87	1.31 (100%)	A very small portion of the GB in this OZP will be affected by the FLN NDA at Table Hill, by the proposed FLN Fresh Water Service Reservoir (A3-1) and access road. Therefore this small area will undergo land use change, to an incompatible land use.

Table 12.6.1 - Landscape Resources and their Sensitivity- KTN NDA (Refer to Figure 12.5.0 (key plan) and Figures 12.5.1-8 (zoom ins))

Id. No.	Landscape Resource (LR)	Quality & Maturity (High /Medium /Low)	Rarity (High /Medium /Low)			Ability to Accommodate Change (High /Medium /Low)			Sensitivity (High /Medium /Low)
KLR 1 – Channelized Water Course
Refers to modified water courses channelized with concrete or grasscrete, or with gabion-fortified banks, or water courses undergoing such channelization. This LR includes both large channelized river water courses as well as some much smaller concrete lined water courses associated with agricultural land. This LR also includes some walkways along the larger water course and the vegetation associated with the water course, both within the channel and along the banks as well as the ridge of the banks. The vegetation mainly consists of grasses and shrubs, but also includes trees in some areas as detailed further in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of KTN NDA this LR includes sections of Ng Tung River, Shek Sheung River, and Sheung Yue River and is one of the prominent landscape features.
KLR-1.1	Ng Tung River	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
Ng Tung River runs across the northeast portion of KTN NDA study area. It combines with two other major channelized watercourses, that of Sheung Yue River and then Ng Tung River, before they all empty into the Shenzhen River far outside the study area. This river in the Study Area is modified with grasscrete banks and tree planting is found along some of its banks as well as neighbouring the banks. Dominant plantation tree species are Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia confusa. Other trees recorded in this LR include Ficus virens and Leucaena leucocephala.
This river is reasonably capable of accommodating change and its sensitivity is medium.
KLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
Shek Sheung River collects water from the south and flows north, joining the Sheung Yue River west of the Sheung Shui Slaughter House. There is also a branch that splits from Ng Tung River and flows round the Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works to the south but this is mainly dry and a flood protection measure. This LR is mainly a grasscrete banked, trapezoidal channel, formed for the purpose of flood protection in the Kwu Tung and Fanling areas. Water partially dries out during the dry season and there are small water channels at the base of the channel when water flow is low, with grass on either side.
A small section of this river flows through the eastern corner of Long Valley, where it is a narrow channel. There are grasses and shrubs along the river’s embankment, as well as trees planted along both sides in many sections of the river. The dominant tree species are exotic, including Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa and Leucaena leucocephala. Native trees can also be found in lower abundance, e.g. Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Cleistocalyx operculatus and Sapium sebiferum. Overall this river has medium amenity value and is reasonably capable of accommodating change. Its sensitivity is therefore considered to be medium.
KLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
Sheung Yue River runs across Long Valley from southwest to northeast where it joins Shek Sheung River before flowing into Ng Tung River. This river drains water in Ho Sheung Heung and Shek Tsai Leng to the west and Yin Kong and Tsung Pak Long to the east. Its banks are fortified with a rigid lining of stone masonry among which grasses grow sparsely between the stone blocks. At ground level, planted trees are found along both sides of the river. Most of the dominant trees are exotic, including species such as Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa and Leucaena leucocephala. Other trees include the native species Cordia dichotoma, Ficus virens and Macaranga tanarius.
This river is reasonably capable of accommodating change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR-1.4	Water Course Network in Long Valley	Medium		Low	High			Medium
This LR describes a network of waterways in the Long Valley area which eventually connect and flow into a box culvert near the Kwu Tung Road junction with Castle Peak Road. The channels are mainly vertically-sided concrete channels which are vital for irrigation purposes but have little vegetation. The riparian vegetation comprises common and widespread herb species. This LR has a reasonable ability to accommodate change, being a man-made network of water channels, but overall it is vital to the Long Valley agricultural area and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR 2 – Water Course
Refers to natural or semi-natural water courses, including short sections with concreted banks. This LR also includes vegetation associated with the water course, both within the streams and along the banks as well as in the immediate vicinity. The vegetation mainly consists of grasses and shrubs, but also includes trees in some areas such as the upland streams, as detailed further in the individual LR descriptions. The vegetation often provides a subtle transition between this LR and its surrounding LR(s).
Within the Study Area of KTN NDA this LR includes watercourses running between different rural areas and villages, incorporating streams running off Ki Lun Shan and Tai Shek Mo, near Fung Kong and Shek Tsai Leng and around Kwu Tung itself.
KLR-2.1	Streams in Kwu Tung	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
These streams, connecting with the Sheung Yue River, are located in the central area of KTN NDA Study Area. They pass through villages including Fung Kong, Tung Fong, Tong Kok, Shek Tsai Leng and south of Ho Sheung Heung. The upstream section is natural but degraded by pollution, with seasonal flows and heavily vegetated stream banks, overgrown with common grass species such as Bidens alba and Pennisetum spp. Other sections of these streams are fortified by concrete banks with grey water flowing.
This LR has medium tolerance to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR-2.2	Natural Streams at Tai Shek Mo	Medium	Medium			Low			High
These natural streams run off Tai Shek Mo, where rainwater flows down from the hill and reaches lowland areas such as Liu Pok and around Ngam Pin. Some of these streams are intermittent and cease flowing during the dry season. Grasses and shrubs overgrow the banks of these streams including common grasses such as Alocasia odora, Wedelia trilobata and Panicum maximum.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Ki Lun Shan	Medium	Medium			Low			High
These natural streams run off Ki Lun Shan and flow down to the lowland area in the south of KTN NDA Study Area. They are not perennial streams and flow decreases and ceases during the dry season. Common grasses such as Alocasia odora, Wedelia trilobata and Panicum maximum grow abundantly along the banks.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Ma Tso Lung	High		Medium	Low			High
This LR describes natural streams running off Ma Tso Lung to the lowland area in Ma Tso Lung San Tsuen in the northwest of KTN NDA Study Area. Riparian plants included fruit trees (i.e. Dimocarpus longan and Litchi chinensis) and native understory species (e.g. Lophatherm gracile and Alocasia odora) and the vegetation near the streams is dominated by the exotic climber species Mikania micrantha and herb species Bidens alba and Alocasia macrorhizos. The section at Ma Tso Lung is regarded as ecologically important due to its naturalness and well developed bank area. This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR 3 – Water Pond
Refers to freshwater ponds. The ponds are often associated with agricultural land and used for irrigation, and punctuate the traditional field pattern. Some ponds are also found near residential or developed areas and have aesthetic landscape value and some are fish ponds. This LR also includes vegetation associated with the ponds, both within and around the banks as well as in the immediate vicinity. The vegetation mainly consists of grasses and shrubs, with scarce trees.
The main locations of these water ponds within the Study Area of KTN NDA include both foothill and lowland areas and are most concentrated in Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley.
KLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung Water Ponds	Medium	Medium			Low			High
This LR is located within Ho Sheung Heung agricultural land and is a relatively large continuous area of water ponds within the study area of KTN NDA. These ponds retain water most of the time including during both the dry and wet seasons. The bunds of these ponds are vegetated by grasses and low shrubs, as well as some fruit trees such as Musa x paradisiaca, Litchi chinensis, Mangifera indica, Dimocarpus longan and Citrus maxima.
The ponds in this area are of medium quality with common fruit trees and are relatively intolerant to change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be high.
KLR-3.2	Long Valley Water Ponds	Medium	Medium			Low			High
This LR is located within Long Valley agricultural land. Water in the ponds is usually full in the wet season and periodically pumped out by local farmers during the dry season for management purposes and irrigation. Grasses grow along their banks and provide a subtle transition between this LR and its surrounding agricultural land.
Overall these ponds are relatively intolerant to change and their sensitivity is high.
KLR-3.3	Fung Kong Shan Water Ponds	Low	Medium			Low			Medium
The ponds of this LR are located at the foot of Fung Kong Shan, to the west and east of Ma Tso Lung Road. They are isolated water ponds and store rainwater in both the wet and dry seasons but appear to be mainly abandoned. Dense grasses and shrubs grow in their immediate vicinity, as well as the Palm species Roystonea regia and some fruit trees such as Litchi chinensis and Dimocarpus longan.
The quality and significance of this LR is relatively low, but it is relatively intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is therefore considered to be medium.
KLR-3.4	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Low	Medium			Low			Medium
This is a group of water ponds located between Fu Tei Au Road and Ng Tung River. Only a small number of these ponds fall within the study area of KTN NDA. The ponds were most likely used for irrigation purposes in the past and have now been abandoned. Common grasses (e.g. Bidens alba and Pennisetum spp.) and small trees (e.g. Bombax ceiba and Leucaena leucocephala) grow densely along the banks.
The quality and significance of this LR is relatively low, but it is intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is therefore considered to be medium.
KLR-3.5	Water Ponds beside Kam Hang Road	Medium	Medium			Low			High
The ponds of this LR are located along Kam Hang Road and surrounded by villages and some agricultural land. They generally share a similar appearance and condition to the Long Valley water ponds (KLR-3.2) and water is sometimes pumped out from the ponds during the dry season. The bunds and some areas with shallow water within these ponds are vegetated by grasses and low shrubs.
Overall these ponds have medium amenity value and are relatively intolerant to change. This LR’s sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-3.6	Water Ponds at Pak Shek Au	Low	Medium			Low			Medium
These are relatively small and isolated ponds at Pak Shek Au just north of the Fanling Highway in a small area of agricultural land now largely bordered by industrial land or open storage use. The ponds were most likely used for irrigation purposes serving the surrounding farmland in the past and have now been abandoned. Grasses and climbers overgrow their banks and their surfaces are largely covered in duckweed.
This LR has low landscape quality with its small area and overgrown vegetation but it is relatively intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is medium.
KLR-3.7	Water Ponds at Tit Hang	Low	Medium			Low			Medium
These are two small water ponds located at Tit Hang. Grasses and climbers overgrow their banks and are present in their immediate vicinity, while much of the water surface on one of the ponds in particular is covered in duckweed.
This LR has low landscape quality and small area but it is relatively intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is medium.
KLR-3.8	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	Medium	Medium			Low			High
Part of the northern KTN NDA study area lies within the Closed Area and the water ponds of this LR are mainly located north of Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works and between Fai King Road and Ng Tung River in the north east of the Study Area. A few ponds are also located just north of Ma Tso Lung, also within the Closed Area. The ponds in the north east of the Study Area are generally large and continuous covering a reasonably large area with some of them being active fish ponds, some inactive fish ponds and some connecting with wet agricultural land in their vicinity. The few ponds north of Ma Tso Lung are generally smaller and may be overgrown, but are associated with agricultural land also.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-3.9	Kam Tsin Tsuen Pond	Low	Medium			Medium			Medium
The pond of this LR is associated with Kam Tsin Tsuen. It has manmade, stone banks with no vegetation and is fenced off from the surrounding walkway.
This pond is relatively tolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR-3.10	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Low	Medium			Medium			Medium
This LR is on the periphery of Wai Loi Tsuen serving as the moat of this traditional village. It has concrete banks and is connected with the Shek Sheung River to its west.
Since this is an LR having significant artificial characteristics, it is relatively tolerant to change, however the moat has cultural landscape significance and therefore its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR 4 – Marsh/ Wetland
Refers to freshwater marsh/ wetland landscape resources, often found at old river meanders which have been truncated during river channelization and retraining, overgrown with herbaceous vegetation and often with some areas of seasonal or permanent open water. This LR also includes wetland areas along natural streams around Ma Tso Lung as well as areas that were once ponds but have not been actively managed for a long time.
Within the Study Area of KTN NDA, this LR is found in Long Valley, along the channelized water courses as well as in the north around Ma Tso Lung.
KLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley	Medium	High			Low			High
This LR is generally located in the middle of Long Valley agricultural land, including both permanent wet marshes and well vegetated marshes. For the permanent wet marshes, they used to be fish ponds or used for irrigation purposes and have now been abandoned and are not actively managed. Dense emergent vegetation is present in these marshes and shows relatively high diversity including Phragmites karka, sedges Cyperus iria and Kyllinga aromatica, and herbs and climbers Ipomoea aquatica, Polygonum barbatum and Polygonum lapathifolium. For the well vegetated marshes, a large portion of the wetland area is covered with rich and moist topsoil, colonised by common and widespread species such as Brachiaria mutica, Panicum maximum, Bidens alba, Ludwigia perennis and the Common Wetland Fern Cyclosorus interruptus.
This LR is fairly rare, it is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	Medium	High			Low			High
Several plots of marsh are located along the Sheung Yue River that borders the Long Valley agricultural land. They were formerly meanders of the river and were isolated during the river channelization. To mitigate the ecological impact resulting from channelization, these areas are now managed by a government department to provide marsh habitat, mainly for wetland dependent wildlife. As part of the habitat management, wetland plants and riparian vegetation have been planted. These plants include Commelina diffusa, Hedychium coronarium, Ludwigia perennis and Nelumbo nucifera. Bamboos and trees are also planted along the bunds, e.g. Acacia auriculiformis, Cinnamomum camphora, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Ilex rotunda.
Mitigation habitats are fairly rare in Hong Kong and additionally, this LR is relatively intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-4.3	Wetland/ Marsh in the Closed Area	Medium	Medium			Low			High
The area of this LR along the natural stream in northern Ma Tso Lung appears to have evolved from agricultural land that has been abandoned for a long time and is influenced by the water course, such that the land is mainly wet underfoot. The wetland vegetation is dominated by the exotic grass Brachiaria mutica and creeper Ipomoea cairica as well as native herbs including Commelina diffusa, Colocasia esculenta, Cyclosorus interruptus, Ludwigia perennis and Pennisetum purpureum. Vegetation near the streams is dominated by the exotic climber species Mikania micrantha and herb species Bidens alba and Alocasia macrorhizos. Abandoned ponds north of Ma Tso Lung, likely previously used as fish ponds or for irrigation purposes, have been abandoned for a long time and now have dense emergent vegetation present in them such that they are considered marshes. They include vegetation such as exotic wetland species such as Brachiaria mutica and Sesbania cannabina and the invasive exotic tree species Leucaena leucocephala but also support some native wetland herb species including Polygonum japonicum, Commelina diffusa and Ludwigia octovalvis.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change due to the succession of vegetation and the natural sensitivity of wetland/marsh. Its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-4.4	Marsh around Pai Tau Lo and Tsung Yeun	Medium	Medium			Low			High
Several ponds around Pai Tau Lo and Tsung Yuen, likely previously used as fish ponds, for wet agriculture or for irrigation purposes, have been abandoned for a long time and now have dense emergent vegetation present in them such that they are considered marshes. Commonly occurring species include Alternanthera sessilis, Amaranthus spinosus, Chenopodium album, Cyperus pilosus, Ipomoea aquatica, Ludwigia perennis, Mimosa pudica and Panicum maximum.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change due to the succession of vegetation and the natural sensitivity of marsh. Its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR 5 – Plantation
Refers to medium sized and larger clusters of trees that have been planted and are distinct from natural woodland since they have been planted by man. Common tree species in this LR include native (Ficus microcarpa, Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora and Macaranga tanarius) and exotic species (Acacia confusa, Casuarina equisetifolia and Melaleuca quinquenervia) and further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of KTN NDA this LR includes patches of plantation to the south of Fanling Highway, in the vicinity of Hakka Wai and Wai Loi Tsuen as well as a number of OVTs as detailed in KLR-5.4.
KLR-5.1	Plantation South of Fanling Highway	High	Medium			Medium			Medium
This LR mainly includes two plantation patches. One is close to the Sheung Yue River and is currently managed by a government department as one of the mitigation measures for the ecological impacts arising from the river channelization. Trees in this plantation area are fairly mature, including mainly planted exotic species (Acacia confusa and Casuarina equisetifolia). Other species in lower abundance include exotic species (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and native species (Celtis sinensis and Macaranga tanarius). The other patch of dense plantation is found just north of Hong Kong Golf Club and trees commonly recorded in this area include native (Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus virens and Macaranga tanarius) and exotic species (Acacia confusa, Bombax ceiba, Melaleuca quinquenervia and Leucaena leucocephala).
Trees in this LR are dense and mature, providing a relatively high landscape value. However, it is a man-made resource and is able to be recreated reasonably easily meaning it has a reasonable capacity to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is therefore considered to be medium.
KLR-5.2	Plantation in the Vicinity of Hakka Wai	Medium	Medium			High			Medium
This area of plantation is largely associated with the narrow Sheung Yue River channel and the villages of HakkaWai and Tsung Pak Long, including in their playground areas and public facilities. This plantation generally comprises exotic tree species dominated by Acacia confusa. Other species in lower abundance include exotic species (Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia mangium, Araucaria heterophylla, Casuarina equisetifolia, Livistona chinensis and Leucaena leucocephala) and native species (Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus microcarpa, and Macaranga tanarius).
This LR has a relatively high capacity to accommodate change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
A mixture of native and exotic trees is planted around the moat of Wai Loi Tsuen, serving as a good screen for the road and industrial area to the west of the village. Compared to those trees planted immediately along the Shek Sheung River in its vicinity, trees in this plantation have a relatively higher diverse composition, including native species (Bauhinia blakeana, Celtis sinensis and Ficus microcarpa) and exotic species (Acacia confusa, Aleurites moluccana, Bombax ceiba, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Grevillea robusta, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Melaleuca quinquenervia).
This LR has medium amenity value and a reasonable capacity to accommodate change and it is sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR- 5.4	OVTs along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road	High	High			Low			High
This LR refers to OVTs found in the roadside planting along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road. There are five (5) OVTs as classified by the Leisure, Culture and Services Department (LCSD) and protected by technical circular ETWB TCW No.29/2004. They are all located nearest to Castle Peak Road (location indicated on the Figure12.5.0 and Figure 12.5.7) and reference numbers are. No. LCSD/ N45, LCSD/ N47, LCSD/ N49, LCSD/ N50, LCSD/ N51). All the trees species are Melaleuca quinquenervia of unknown age, registered in September 2004 and last inspected in August 2012. LCSD/ N45, LCSD/ N47, LCSD/ N50, and LCSD/ N51 all have ‘large size’ as their special characteristic, reaching between 15-18 m in height, 1130-1280 mm diameter at breast height (DBH) and 9-16 m crown spread. LCSD/ N49 is listed as having ‘outstanding form’ as its special characteristic and is 15 m high with a DBH of 670 mm and a crown spread of 8 m.
These trees have a low ability to accommodate change and are highly valued. The sensitivity of this LR is high.
KLR 6 – Hillside Woodland
Refers to woodland areas largely scattered over hillsides, including at the base of hills and associated patches of woodland. This LR is predominantly composed of native tree species and is generally located some distance from human activities and hence disturbance (except at the base of hills where it often borders rural development areas where there is human activity), growing naturally with some understorey vegetation. It can include areas of Fung Shui Woodland growing in hillsides in the vicinity of villages as detailed in the individual descriptions. Common tree species in this LR include Macaranga tanarius, Leucaena leucocephala, Celtis sinensis and Ficus microcarpa. Further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of the KTN NDA, this LR is found at the hillsides of Ki Lun Shan, Tai Shek Mo, Ma Tso Lung, Tit Hang, Fung Kong Shan as well as northwest of Ho Sheung Heung.
KLR-6.1	Ki Lun Shan Hillside Woodland	High	Medium			Low			High
This LR lies on the northern foothills of Ki Lun Shan, bordering shrubland / grassland on the higher ground above and rural villages and lowland woodland in the lowland area below. Due to limited human disturbance, these trees are mature, medium to large in size and growing on hillsides including the foothills. Dominant tree species include Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa and Macaranga tanarius.
This LR is considered to be relatively mature and of high quality and it has little capacity to tolerate change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be high.
KLR-6.2	Tai Shek Mo Hillside Woodland	High	Medium			Low			High
Several small patches of woodland are scattered among the foothills of Tai Shek Mo. Dominant species include exotic trees Acacia confusa and Casuarina equisetifolia as well as native trees Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus microcarpa and Macaranga tanarius.
This LR is considered to be relatively mature and of high quality and it has little capacity to tolerate change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be high.
KLR-6.3	Hillside Woodland in Ma Tso Lung, Tit Hang and Fung Kong	High	Medium			Low			High
This LR refers to the narrow, winding and largely continuous patches of woodland in the hillside areas of Ma Tso Lung, Tit Hang and Fung Kong. Woodlands in these areas predominantly border uphill shrubland/grassland areas and lowland woodlands, and sometimes adjoin rural and industrial areas. Due to limited human disturbance, these trees are mature and of medium to large sizes. Dominant trees include both native and exotic species. Dominant native trees are Ficus hispida, Cinnamomum camphora, Rhus succedanea, Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa and Macaranga tanarius. Dominant exotic species include Melaleuca quinquenervia, Leucaena leucocephala, Melia azedarach, Acacia confusa and Casuarina equisetifolia.
This LR is considered to be relatively mature, of high quality and it has little capacity to tolerate change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be high.
KLR-6.4	Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland	High	High			Low			High
Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland is bound by Ho Sheung Heung Road, Ho Sheung Heung Pai Fung Road and Chung Kuk Path and covers a small hill. It used to be a complete area of woodland with continuous canopy but has been fragmented by hill fires. Grasses and shrubs have now colonised the bald areas to connect the woodland patches. Apart from Aquilaria sinensis, a species of conservation interest, other typical Fung Shui Woodland trees are also found, such as Garcinia oblongifolia, Sterculia lanceolata and Litsea glutinosa. Other dominant trees include native species Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus hispida, Macaranga tanarius, Bischofia javanica, Cinnamomum camphora, Microcos paniculata and Schefflera heptaphylla and exotic species Acacia confusa, Bombax ceiba, Dimocarpus longan and Melia azedarach of medium to large sizes.
This Fung Shui Woodland has high amenity and cultural value and is intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR 7 – Lowland Woodland
Refers to woodland growing on low lying ground (generally <40 mPD), often found near rural village areas in small, fragmented patches, with differing tree species according to location. This LR can be found in patches within areas of human activity and also includes some Fung Shui Woodland of particular cultural importance, located adjacent to certain villages as detailed in the individual descriptions. Common plant species in this LR include Acacia confusa, Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Leucaena leucocephala and Macaranga tanarius. Further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of KTN NDA this LR includes woodlands in lowland areas in Ki Lun Shan, Kam Tsin, Pak Shek Au, Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fu Tei Au.
KLR-7.1	Kwu Tung South Road Lowland Woodland	High	Medium			Low			High
This LR refers to a small patch of woodland near the intersection of Kwu Tung Road and Kwu Tung South Road. It is associated with the residential buildings in the lowland area but has a similar plant species composition to the Ki Lun Shan Hillside vegetation. The dominant species include exotic species (Acacia confusa and Leucaena leucocephala) and native species (Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora and Macaranga tanarius).
This LR is considered to be relatively mature and of high quality with relatively little capacity to tolerate change. The sensitivity of this LR is high.
KLR-7.2	Lowland Woodland in the Vicinity of Kam Tsin	Medium	Medium			Low			High
This LR is found in several patches in the vicinity of Kam Tsin area, including the woodlands surrounding Casas Domingo and Ascot Park. Woodlands within this LR are in close proximity to residential and recreational areas and therefore potentially suffer disturbance from human activities lowering their quality. This LR also includes a small patch of Fung Shui woodland bordered by Kam Tsin road and Kam Tsin South Road to the west and Kam Tsin village to the east. It includes a number of large Cinnamomum camphora and Dimocarpus longan trees. Elsewhere the dominant species include both native (Ficus microcarpa, Cinnamomum camphora, Macaranga tanarius and Celtis sinensis) and exotic (Acacia confusa, Acacia auriculiformis, Averrhoa carambola, Bombax ceiba, Leucaena leucocephala and Dimocarpus longan) species.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-7.3	Lowland Woodland in Pak Shek Au and Tong Kok	High	Medium			Low			High
This LR refers to the lowland woodlands at Pak Shek Au and Tong Kok, north of Fanling Highway. These woodlands are largely surrounded by adjacent industrial/open storage areas and therefore potentially suffer from disturbance by human activities. This LR also includes an old developed area west of Dills Corner that has now become completely overgrown with woodland.
The trees in this woodland are of medium to large sizes, and are dominated by both native and exotic species. The most abundant native species include Ficus microcarpa, Bischofia javanica, Cinnamomum camphora, and Macaranga tanarius, while exotic species include Acacia confusa, Bombax ceiba, Dimocarpus longan, Delonix regia, Averrhoa carambola, Casuarina equisetifolia, Chukrasia tabularis, Leucaena leucocephala and Spathodea campanulata. This LR has a medium to high amenity value, a low capacity to tolerate change and it sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-7.4	Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works Lowland Woodland	Medium	Medium			Low			High
This LR refers to a small isolated area of woodland on the periphery of Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works. The dominant tree species are medium to large in size and are native species such as Celtis sinensis and Microcos paniculata. Exotic species recorded in this woodland include Acacia confusa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Melia azedarach and Acacia auriculiformis.
The quality of this LR is medium but it has little capacity to tolerate change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLR-7.5	Vernon Pass Woodland	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
This LR refers to a small patch of woodland patch at Vernon Pass to the north east of the Study Area. It contains some built structures and is generally disturbed by frequent human interaction. The dominant species in this LR include native species (Ficus variegata var. chlorocarpa, Ficus hispida and Macaranga tanarius) and exotic species (Dimocarpus longan).
Due to its association with built structures and therefore not being in a totally natural state, this LR has a medium capacity to tolerate change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR 8 – Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic
Refers to a mosaic of shrubland and grassland which is usually large in size and uniform in appearance. This LR is typical of the fire-maintained hill-slopes in Hong Kong and common species include grasses such as Imperata koenigii, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Bidens alba, Panicum maximum and Miscanthus spp., fern Dicranopteris pedata and shrubs Baeckea frutescens, Breynia fruticosa, Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia and Rhaphiolepis indica.
Within the Study Area of KTN NDA, this LR is found mainly on hillsides, particularly on the upper areas of Fung Kong Shan, Ki Lun Shan, Tai Shek Mo and its western foothill, and forms a large part of the Study Area. Further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
KLR-8.1	Ki Lun Shan Shrubland/ Grassland Mosaic	Medium	Low			Medium			Medium
This resource is located on the uplands of Ki Lun Shan and comprises a large area (approximately 20 ha). It borders woodlands at the foothills. It is one of the prominent landscape features in the southern KTN NDA Study Area and is maintained by periodical hill fires.
This LR can re-establish itself fairly easily and is therefore considered to be relatively tolerant to change. Its sensitivity is medium.
KLR- 8.2	Fung Kong Shan Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Medium	Low			Medium			Medium
This resource is located on the uphills of Fung Kong Shan. It borders some woodland at the foothills as well as rural development areas. It is maintained by periodical hill fires.
This LR can re-establish itself fairly easily and is therefore considered to be relatively tolerant to change. Its sensitivity is medium.
KLR- 8.3	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic in Tai Shek Mo and the Western Ranges Foothills	Medium	Low			Medium			Medium
This LR is an extensive area of shrubby grassland on the uplands of Tai Shek Mo and the foothills of the Western Ranges covering Ma Tso Lung. It largely merges into hillside woodland in at the foothills and is sometimes adjacent to some rural and urban development areas. Similar to the other hilly shrubland/grassland in Hong Kong, this LR is also maintained by periodical hill fires.
This LR can re-establish itself fairly easily and is therefore considered to be relatively tolerant to change. Its sensitivity is medium.
KLR-8.4	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic along Sheung Yue River, Ng Tung River and Fanling Highway	Low	Low			High			Low
These shrublands /grasslands are all located in lowland areas and in the vicinity of artificial resources such as channelized watercourses and highways. They are waste grounds through lack of maintenance and have been gradually colonized by weeds and climbers.
This LR is of low landscape value and amenity and is relatively tolerant to change. Its sensitivity is low.
KLR-8.5	Fu Tei Au Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Low	Medium			High			Low
This resource is located north of Fu Tei Au Road and is in the immediate vicinity of Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works. This LR is dominated by grasses such as Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus floridulus and some small trees including Rhus succedanea and Macaranga tanarius are also present.
This LR is of low landscape value and amenity and is relatively tolerant to change. Its sensitivity is low.
KLR 9 - Agricultural Land
Refers to land used for agriculture including crops and orchards as well as ornamental plant nurseries. This LR contains a small number of structures such as small irrigation ponds, green houses, equipment sheds and small/ narrow hard paved areas. It not only contains agricultural vegetation but also some scattered non-agricultural vegetation including some shrubs and trees. It is often an intermediary between areas of development and natural areas.
Within the Study Area of the KTN NDA, this LR is mainly found in Long Valley, Ho Sheung Heung, Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Tung Fong.
KLR-9.1	Long Valley Agricultural Land	High	High			Low			High
This LR in Long Valley consists mainly of wet agriculture and includes both active and inactive fields. Common wetland crops in Long Valley include Ipomoea aquatica and Nasturtium officinale, with some fields cultivated with Eleocharis dulcis, Oryza sativa and Trapa bispinosa. Water lily (Nymphaea sp.) and Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) are also cultivated in some ponds with shallow water. Dry land crops include Aloe vera var. chinensis, Allium tuberosum, Brassica chinensis, and Lactuca sativa. Fruit trees are present along field bunds including Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis and Magnifera indica.
This LR in Long Valley is of good quality and high significance in terms of crop production and being a large contiguous area of agriculture in Hong Kong. Although agricultural land per se is fairly easy to re-establish in the right environment, given the size of this LR and lack of similar areas in Hong Kong, it is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is high.
KLR-9.2	Ho Sheung Heung Agricultural Land	High	Medium			Medium			Medium
Ho Sheung Heung agricultural land is located to the northeast of Ho Sheung Heung village. This LR includes both active and inactive agricultural lands and shares high similarity in crop species composition with the adjacent Long Valley agricultural land. It is closely associated with the Long Valley agricultural land and also forms a fairly large continuous area, but not as large as the Long Valley area.
This LR is of high value in terms of crop production similarly to Long Valley but being of a smaller contiguous area and with agricultural land being fairly easy to re-establish in the right environment, it has medium ability to accommodate change. Overall this LR sensitivity is medium.
KLR-9.3	Agricultural Lands in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong	Low	Low			Medium			Medium
These agricultural lands scattered in the centre of the study area of KTN and are associated with the villages in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong, where they are surrounded by industrial or open storage areas. Most of the agricultural lands within this area are abandoned with weeds and invasive trees (e.g. Leucaena leucocephala) beginning to colonize the land and turning it to wasteland. In some locations, common vegetable plants, such as Lactuca sativa, are still found being cultivated in the small areas of farmland that are still active.
This LR is mostly abandoned and does not have high value in terms of crop production but does provide some green space between the hard surfaces of industrial/open storage areas or rural development areas. Agricultural land is fairly easy to re-establish in the right environment, and is relatively tolerant to change but given the greening element amongst an area where there is a lot of industrial/ open storage, overall this LR is considered to have medium sensitivity.
KLR-9.4	Other Agricultural Lands in KTN	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
This LR refers to several small and fragmented agricultural lands in different locations within the study area of KTN, including Chau Tau Tsuen, Pak Shek Au, Yin Kong, Kam Tsin and Tai Tau Leng. Most of these agricultural lands have been wholly or partly abandoned and grass and shrubs now grow in the fields. For those fields remaining active, common crops cultivated by farmers include Brassica parachinensis and Lactuca sativa.
This LR has low to medium value in terms of crop production and is relatively tolerant to change. It is considered to have medium sensitivity.
KLR-9.5	Other Orchards Areas in KTN	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
This LR refers to several small and fragmented orchard areas in different locations within the study area of KTN, including around the Ma Tso Lung area, on the lower slopes of Fung Kong Shan, and near Ngam Pin. Common fruit trees in this LR include Musa x paradisiaca, Artocarpus macrocarpon, Mangifera indica and Dimocarpus longan, where the fruit trees present include Artocarpus macrocarpon, Dimocarpus longan and Carica papaya. Not all these orchard areas are still well looked after and some have been left untreated for a while.
This LR has medium value in terms of crop production and being agricultural is relatively tolerant to change although trees generally take longer to grow and produce fruit than crops take to be harvestable, so ability to accommodate change is medium. Overall this LR is considered to have medium sensitivity.
KLR 10 - Open Space / Recreation Area
Refers to areas that provide recreational use either in the form of playground areas, sports pitches, passive recreation parks or sitting out spaces. There is vegetation associated with this LR, particularly within golf courses where there is maintained grass on the greens, as well as many landscaped trees and some shrubs.
Within the Study Area of the KTN NDA, this LR is found at Hong Kong Golf Club, Sheung Shui Community Sports and Lo Wu Saddle Club.
KLR-10.1	Hong Kong Golf Club	High	Medium			High			Medium
Hong Kong Golf Club is located either side of Fan Kam Road. It is a large private golf club with extensive greens maintained for golfing activities. Besides the golf course, the club has some built structures including the Club House and facilities to accommodate swimming and tennis, as well as restaurants and accommodation. The Half Way House at Hong Kong Golf Club is a Grade 3 historic building.
Trees, dominated by Melaleuca quinquenervia, are planted around the golf course for landscaping purposes. Water lilies (Nymphaea spp.) are cultivated in the golf course ponds. The entire plantation is well maintained and in good condition.
This LR is of high quality and amenity value and covers an extensive area of land; however it is an artificial resource and has a high capacity to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR-10.2	Sheung Shui Community Sports	Medium	Medium			High			Medium
Sheung Shui Community Sports is located near Ma Tso Lung Road. It is a multi-sport centre with both outdoor and indoor facilities such as a basketball court, grass football pitch, campsite and clubhouse etc. Trees are planted within this sport centre and include Michelia x alba, Psidium guajava, Dimocarpus longan and Mangifera indica.
This LR has medium landscape value and due to its man-made nature has a high capacity to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is considered to be medium
KLR-10.3	Lo Wu Saddle Club	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
Situated along Ho Sheung Heung Road, Lo Wu Saddle Club has more than 50 years of history and has a stable complex including grass riding arenas as well as clubhouse facilities and a schooling arena. Trees found within this LR include Melia azedarach, Celtis sinensis and Delonix regia.
This LR is of relatively high quality and amenity value. The artificial elements can accommodate change relatively easily but the fields where horses graze are less able to accommodate change. Overall this LR’s sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR 11 – Urban Development Area
Refers to urbanized areas which are heavily developed with considerable hard paved surfaces and limited landscaped areas. These LRs consist mainly of large clusters of medium to high density buildings with a high degree of related infrastructure and often with some high rise developments, with some associated facilities such as post office, police station, hospital, restaurants, supermarkets etc. The LR also includes work sites where construction is ongoing, or sites being cleared/ formed prior to development of a structure that would form part of an urban area. Vegetation in this LR is mainly landscape planting with scattered amenity shrubs and trees and some small public green spaces and private gardens.
Within the Study Area of the KTN NDA, it includes Lo Wu Correctional Institute and the existing formation site for the proposed Kwu Tung MTRC Station.
KLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Low	Low			High			Low
Lo Wu Correctional Institution was opened in 2010 and is located in between of the Ho Sheung Heung Road and Tai Shek Mo foothills. Buildings in this LR are medium-rise and roads are all hard-paved. Tree planting is limited within the institution although it does have some green roofs.
This LR has a high ability to accommodate change due to its artificial nature and is considered to have low sensitivity.
KLR-11.2	Existing formation site for proposed Kwu Tung MTRC Station	Low	Low			High			Low
This site for the proposed Kwu Tung MTRC Station is located near Po Lau Road and is currently being formed prior to constructing a new MTR Station that would form part of an urban area. Trees present in this area include native species such as Macaranga tanarius and exotic species such as Dimocarpus longan, Melia azedarach and Bauhinia variegata.
This LR is undergoing site clearance, is of low landscape value and can accommodate change easily. Its sensitivity is considered to be low.
KLR 12 – Rural Development Area
Refers to traditional villages, modern villages and small scale, low rise residential areas of lower density dominated by domestic structures (mainly of 2-3 stories) interwoven with roads and paths, but limited other infrastructure. There are some Ancestral Halls, shrines and temples, and this LR may also contain limited facilities such as small police stations, post offices, and covered water reservoirs and pumping stations and some small, managed, recreational areas (such as football and basket ball pitches) and small wasteland areas either wholly or partly covered by weedy or sparse vegetation. This LR often has small orchard areas associated with it (most commonly planted fruit tree species are Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Clausena lansium, Mangifera indica and Citrus maxima) and private gardens, as well as amenity planting among the built structures. This LR usually occurs in fragmented patches with agricultural or natural landscape resources adjacent to it.
Within the Study Area of the KTN NDA this LR is mainly found in Ho Sheung Heung, Long Valley, Ngam Pin, along Fanling Highway, as well as in the central area of Kwu Tung. This LR also includes a water reservoir and rifle range.
KLR-12.1	Ho Sheung Heung Rural Development Area	Medium	Medium			Low			Medium
Ho Sheung Heung village is bounded by Ho Sheung Heung Pai Fung Road and Chung Kuk Path. In the vicinity (but not part of this LR), there is Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland and agricultural land in which water ponds are scattered. Although the village could be classified as relatively modern due to the fact many houses have been replaced by modern housing blocks of 2-3 storeys, some of the residential houses are identified as Historic Buildings (refer to Chapter 11), with Hau Kui Shek Ancestral Hall, a Declared Monument, located on the middle of the village and two Grade 3 listed buildings, Hung Shing Temple & Pat Fung Temple and ‘Sin Wai Nunnery’ located in the south of the village . The whole village is mostly hard-surfaced and has limited softscape treatment but does include some trees (e.g. Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis and Clausena lansium) and private amenity planting (e.g. Plumeria rubra and Thuja orientalis).
Although most of the houses in Ho Sheung Heung Village are relatively modern, the ancestral hall and graded historic buildings are vulnerable to change since they cannot be easily recreated and overall this LR has medium sensitivity.
KLR-12.2	Rural Development Area in Long Valley, Yin Kong, Tsung Pak Long and Hakka Wai	Medium	High			Low			High
This LR lies between the Shek Sheung River and Fanling Highway to the southeast of Long Valley. It covers three villages: Yin Kong Tsuen, Hakka Wai and Tsung Pak Long.
Yin Kong Tsuen is a traditional village undergoing transformation. Some of the existing residential houses in the northern part of the village are identified as historical buildings. Earth shrines associated with Fung Shui Trees (Ficus microcarpa in most cases) are present including the Grade 2 listed Earth God Shrine of Kam Tsin. In addition an old western styled Enchi Lodge (Grade 2 historic building) is located on the southern part of the village. Between the northern and southern parts of the village there is grassland which would have been agricultural land in the past. On the other hand, the modern aspect of Yin Kong Tsuen is presented by many well-established modern village houses as well as facilities such as small-scaled playgrounds.
Hakka Wai is a traditional compound with around 100 years of history. It consists of two rows of residences, an ancestral hall (the Wong Shek Chung Ancestral Hall), a study hall, an entrance gate, enclosing walls and a watch tower. This compound is a Grade 1 historic building.
Tsung Pak Long is a traditional village undergoing transformation. It contains ancestral halls, earth shrines, a school and a church in traditional style to its northwest. Most areas within this LR are hard-surfaced and have limited vegetation except those private amenity plantings, in which fruit trees Dimocarpus longan, Carica papaya and Citrus reticulata and landscaping shrub Duranta erecta and Murraya paniculata are commonly found.
The historic buildings located in this LR, particularly the relatively large area of Hakka Wai, cannot be easily recreated and this LR is relatively intolerant to change. Overall it is considered to have high sensitivity.
KLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
This LR is just located within the Closed Area. Structures in the village are old and simple with most of the residential buildings consisting of iron structures. Tall grasses grow along the roads winding between houses without management and much of the area is abandoned with a large degree of vegetation which make it less able to accommodate change.
This LR is considered to have medium sensitivity.
KLR-12.4	Rural Development Area to the East of MTRC East Railway Line	Medium	Medium			Low			Medium
This LR covers a part of Wai Loi Tsuen, as well as settlements between Fu Tei Au Road and Ng Tung River. Wai Loi Tsuen is clearly demarcated by a channelized watercourse (i.e. moat) connected with the Shek Sheung River. Although some of the houses in this village have been replaced by modern housing blocks of 2-3 storeys, it is still a relatively traditional village and contains temples and Ancestral Halls. South of Fu Tei Au Road there is an orchard with a water pond in the middle and fruit trees in this orchard include Clausena lansium, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Citrus maxima and Musa x paradisiaca.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change due to historical buildings and this LR has medium sensitivity.
KLR – 12.5	Rural Development Area to the North of Hong Kong Golf Club	Medium	Low			High			Low
This LR mainly covers one modern village, Golf Parkview, consisting of residential 4-5 storey blocks enclosed by walls but also includes some buildings and associated landscaped area in the middle of a plantation area Golf Parkview is fairly new and being a man-made structure has a reasonable capacity to accommodate change despite some significant landscaping. The buildings within the plantation make up Oi Yuen Villa, Lot No. SSL 2RP and is currently (May 2013) proposed as a Grade 1 historic building.
Overall since the historic building grading is not confirmed to date, this LR is considered to have low sensitivity.
KLR-12.6	Kam Tsin Rural Development Area	Medium	Low			Medium			Medium
This LR refers to the rural area around Kam Tsin located at the south east of the KTN NDA. It covers a number of well established villages and developments, including Kam Tsin Tsuen, The Royal Oaks, Ascot Park and Casas Domingo. It also contains community facilities such as kindergarten and schools. Planted trees are found between village houses and some grow naturally along the edge of the roads and villages.
Trees commonly found in this LR include both native (e.g. Bauhinia blakeana, Celtis sinensis and Bischofia javanica) and exotic (e.g. Melaleuca quinquenervia as well as some fruit trees such as Dimocarpus longan and Psidium guajava) species.
Overall, this LR is dominated by domestic residencies, its landscape amenity, significance and quality is moderate and it has a medium ability to tolerate change due to the vegetation within the LR, making its overall sensitivity medium.
KLR-12.7	Kwu Tung Fresh Water Service Reservoir	Low	Low			High			Low
Kwu Tung Fresh Water Service Reservoir is a permanent structure located on Ki Lun Shan for the purpose of fresh water storage. This area is hard-paved and covered with a grass roof but with limited vegetation otherwise.
Due to its low landscape value and high ability to accommodate change, it has low sensitivity.
KLR-12.8	Rural Development Area of Europa Garden and Valais	Low		Low			High			Low
This LR lies south of Fanling Highway and west of Sheung Yue River. The groups of houses in this LR are low-rise private residential buildings of 2-3 stories. Trees are present both in the public areas such as roads (e.g. Acacia confusa, Casuarina equisetifolia and Thevetia peruviana) and within the private gardens where Dimocarpus longan and Averrhoa carambola as well as some palm trees that are cultivated. This LR also contains one historic graded building, the Grade 2 listed Lady Ho Tung Welfare Centre (Main Block and Bungalow) (See Chapter 11 for more details)
Most components within this LR are man-made structures and are tolerant to change. The exception is the Grade 2 listed historic building, but since this forms a very small proportion the LR, overall its sensitivity is considered to be low.
KLR-12.9	Rural Development Area in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok, Fung Kong and Tit Hang	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
Rural area in Shek Tsai Leng mainly includes Dills Corner Garden and its associated facilities. Dills Corner Garden is located along Po Lau Road and is a home for the aged. It contains several rows of 2-storey houses and is enclosed by fences. Except for several individual, large trees along the fences (mostly Ficus microcarpa), this area is almost entirely hard-surfaced with limited landscaping. Nevertheless, well maintained trees are planted along the roads in this area and dominant species include Acacia confusa and Melaleuca quinquenervia. There is also a soccer pitch, playground and school in this area.
The rural area in Tong Kok, Fung Kong and Tit Hang contains loosely grouped village houses in traditional style, with some graves of Hau clan scattered in the northern part of Fung Kong Tsuen. All the villages are mostly hard-surfaced with small houses and winding paths and have limited softscape treatment but do include some abandoned fruit trees (e.g. Dimocarpus longan, Citrus maxima, Musa x paradisiaca and Clausena lansium) and private amenity planting.
This is a LR with a medium capacity to tolerate change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
KLR-12.10	Lo Wu Rifle Range	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
Lo Wu Rifle Range is located between Fung Kong Shan and the Tai Shek Mo mountain. It is a large piece of grassland for police’s training. Many mature trees grow naturally in the surroundings, including Bauhinia blakeana, Macaranga tanarius, Celtis sinensis and Leucaena leucocephala.
This LR is a man made area but it is green land not hard surface and so has a medium tolerance to change. The sensitivity of this LR is medium.
KLR-12.11	Rural Development Area in Ma Tso Lung	Low to Medium	Medium			Low			Medium
This LR refers to the rural area at Ma Tso Lung on the northwest of the KTN NDA Study Area. It mainly covers two villages, i.e. Ma Tso Lung San Tsuen and Shun Yee San Tsuen, which are relatively small, mainly consisting of more traditional houses of a single storey. Trees associated with this area include some fruit trees such as Diospyros kaki, Musa x paradisiaca and Dimocarpus longan as well as other native and exotic trees such as Bauhinia blakeana, Leucaena leucocephala, and Bombax ceiba.
Although these structures cannot be recreated easily and have low ability to accommodate change, their landscape quality and maturity are not high and overall this LR has medium sensitivity.
KLR-12.12	Fanling Lodge	High	Medium			Medium			Medium
Fanling Lodge is a two storey house in a wooded lot within the Hong Kong Golf Club off Castle Peak Road - Kwu Tung with a helicopter pad on the lawn of the landscaped gardens. Trees and shrubs planted for landscaping purpose include Magnolia grandiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Livistona chinensis and Bougainvillea spectabilis.
This LR has cultural significance but being man-made still has a reasonable capacity to accommodate change and is considered to have medium sensitivity.
KLR 13 - Industrial / Open Storage
Refers to areas which are heavily adapted for human industrial use, such as factory facilities, waste processing plants and other industrial buildings, often with some open areas for storage, parking or other associated activities. These areas have small roads within them and some concrete drainage channels. There is very little existing vegetation within this LR.
Within the Study Area of KTN NDA, this LR is mainly found in areas adjacent to villages and main roads, such as Yin Kong industrial / open storage, Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong open storage and Pak Shek Au open storage. It also includes Sheung Shui Slaughter House, Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works and Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works. This LR can also be found at the foothill of more natural LRs, often on flatter land and includes Ki Lung Shan Foothill industrial / open storage.
KLR-13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial Area	Low	Low			High			Low
This LR is located along the east boundary of the KTN NDA Study Area and is part of Sheung Shui industrial area. It contains Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works, Sheung Shui Slaughter House, Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works as well as several warehouses and industrial buildings. Planted trees are found along the roads and dominant species include Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa and Leucaena leucocephala.
This LR has relatively low landscape amenity value and consists mostly of modern man-made structures that can be easily recreated. Its sensitivity is considered to be low.
KLR-13.2	Industrial / Open Storage Area in Yin Kong	Low	Low			High			Low
This is an isolated plot beside Yin Kong Tsuen and is now mainly used for open storage and car park. Trees growing within this LR include Macaranga tanarius, Ficus microcarpa, Celtis sinensis, Araucaria heterophylla, Carica papaya, Artocarpus macrocarpon and Syzygium jambos.
This LR predominantly consists of man made structures which have a high capacity to tolerate change and have low landscape value. This LR is considered to have low sensitivity.
KLR-13.3	Industrial/Open Storage in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong	Low	Low			Medium			Low
This LR is located around the villages of Shek Tsai Leng, Fung Kong, Tung Fong and Tong Kok and is generally in the middle of the KTN NDA Study Area. This continuous area is largely used for open storage and car parks and has a network of small road running within it, some with associated concrete drainage channels. It also has several waste processing plants within this LR. In addition, this LR has two graded historic buildings, one just west of where the Sheung Yue River flows under Fanling Highway (Yeung Yuen Grade 3 listed building) and one in Shek Tsai Leng (Yan Wah Lo Grade 3 listed building). (Further details can be found in Chapter 11).
Trees within this LR are not actively managed and grasses occupy many places between the car parks. Tree species commonly found in the area include Macaranga tanarius, Celtis sinensis, Bauhinia blakeana, Mallotus paniculatus, Ficus microcarpa, Acacia confusa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Dimocarpus longan, Livistona chinensis, Morus alba, Psidium guajava and Artocarpus macrocarpon.
This LR predominantly consists of man made structures which have a high capacity to tolerate change and have low landscape value. The exceptions are the two graded historic buildings which have low ability to change and are rarer, but since they form a very small part of this LR, overall it is considered to have low sensitivity.
KLR-13.4	Industrial/Open Storage in Pak Shek Au, Chau Tau and Foothill of Ki Lun Shan	Low	Low			High			Low
This LR refers to a lowland area surrounded by woods on southwest of the KTN NDA Study Area. It contained factories, open storage and car park areas. Due to the lack of routine management, grasses and climbers have occupied many places and trees found in this area include Macaranga tanarius, Celtis sinensis, Dimocarpus longan, Leucaena leucocephala and Bombax ceiba.
This LR predominantly consists of man made structures of little landscape value which have a high capacity to tolerate change. This LR is considered to have low sensitivity.
KLR 14 – Major Transportation Corridor
Refers to Fanling Highway running west-east along the south of the Study Area, all the associated major intersections and key adjacent roads including Castle Peak Road. There is tree planting along the sides of the roads consisting of a variety of indigenous and exotic species. In addition, there is some planting along the central divider (median) in some sections, including of amenity shrubs. Drainage channels associated with the roads/highway are considered part of this LR as they are an integral function of the roadscape. Within the study area of KTN NDA, major transportation corridor also includes the MTRC East Rail.
Within the KTN NDA Study Area, the roadside vegetation associated with this LR also includes five OVTs as detailed in the plantation LR, KLR-5.4.
KLR- 14.1	Fanling Highway and nearby associated roads	Medium	Medium			Medium			Medium
This LR is includes the Fanling Highway (Kwu Tung section), Castle Peak Road running parallel and nearby associated roads, which are the major transportation routes connecting Kwu Tung to its adjacent areas. The roads run west-east along the south of the Study Area and there are areas of established roadside planting along the sides of the roads as well as in the central divider (median) in some sections, including of amenity shrubs. In addition along parts of the roads, there are open drainage channels lined by the roadside planting. Trees commonly used for roadside planting in this area include Melaleuca quinquenervia, Bombax ceiba, Ficus microcarpa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia confusa and Bauhinia blakeana.
Despite being a man-made resource, the landscape value of this LR is increased by the significant roadside planting (in which several individual OVTs are present but considered separately. See KLR-5.4) and its sensitivity is raised to medium.
KLR- 14.2	MTRC East Rail (to/from Lo Wu)	Low	Low			High			Low
This LR mainly refers to the MTRC East Railway leading to Lo Wu Station running south-north. The Lok Ma Chau Spur Line running west-east is underground. No significant planting is found along the railways and trees growing randomly in its vicinity are dominated by Leucaena leucocephala.
This resource is highly utilized and well linked but it is man-made with low landscape value and a high ability to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is low.

Id No.	Landscape Character Area (LCA)	Quality & Maturity (High /Medium /Low)	Rarity (High /Medium /Low)	Ability to Accommodate Change (High /Medium /Low)	Sensitivity (High /Medium /Low)
KLCA-1	Natural Hillside Landscape	High	High	Low	High
Refers to large hillside areas which are dominated by shrubland, grassland and some woodland in places.
Within the Study Area for KTN NDA this LCA encompasses Tai Shek Mo (183 mPD), Western Range of Tai Shek Mo (Ma Tso Lung and Lok Ma Chau) (144 mPD), Ki Lun Shan (222 mPD), and Fung Kong Shan (40 mPD).
Tai Shek Mo lies to the north of the Study Area. The primary ridgeline extends southward while the Western Range ridgeline runs approximately NE-SW, covering Ma Tso Lung and Lok Ma Chau. These two sections of LCA are separated by lower land and to their south the smaller Fung Kong Shan is found.
Ki Lun Shan lies to the southwest of the Study Area.
This landscape area is natural and has high landscape quality. Its significance is also high and it is not capable of tolerating change. Therefore its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLCA-2	Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape	Medium	Low	Medium	Medium
Refers to rural village areas and village areas on the fringes of urban developments, including relic landscapes of former villages. This LCA is dominated by small or medium sized villages with modern and traditional houses and some Ancestral Halls, interspersed with small agricultural plots and comprises a broad mix of other land uses including water ponds, schools, sports grounds, and playgrounds, some open storage areas and car parks, and a golf course to the southeast of Kwu Tung. This LCA also has some small patches of woodland as well as vegetation associated with the villages and park areas.
Within the Study Area for KTN NDA this LCA can be mainly divided into five districts at Lo Wu, Ma Tso Lung and Pak Shek Au on the west, Kwu Tung in the middle, Kam Tsin and Sheung Shui Heung on the east. Some of the villages in this LCA are located at foothill areas, including Ho Sheung Heung, Ma Tso Lung Shun Yee San Tsuen and Pak Shek Au, while some other villages are located in lowland areas, such as Tsung Pak Long, Tong Kok and Shek Tsai Leng.
This LCA is considered to have medium tolerance to change and moderate amenity value. Its sensitivity is therefore medium.
KLCA-3	Urban Development Landscape	Low	Medium	High	Low
Refers to urban areas with significant numbers of high rise developments and extensive transport infrastructure. It also contains hospital, car parks and open areas associated with urban development such as playgrounds and small parks and sitting out areas. This LCA has little if any natural vegetation but does include some man-made landscaping.
Within the Study Area for KTN NDA this LCA is found only in the northeast i.e. Lo Wu Correctional Institution.
This is an urban development landscape and has reasonable tolerance to change. The sensitivity of this LCA is considered to be low.
KLCA-4	Industrial Landscape	Low	Low	High	Low
Refers to areas comprising a broad mix of land uses including factories, utility facilities, workshops, open storage and some channelized water courses. It is normally located on low lying ground or at the base of hills and may include small and fragmented areas of residential houses and their associated agricultural land. There is little significant vegetation among this built environment, but small patches of vegetation do exist, particularly along the channelized river.
Within the Study Area for KTN NDA this LCA is found to the west near the San Tin Interchange, in the east at the Shek Sheung River and the area east of this river, and more centrally bordering Ma Tso Lung Road, Shek Tsai Leng and east of Fung Kong Shan.
This LCA usually contains abandoned facilities that are able to accommodate change. Except for the significant planting along Ng Tung River, most areas in this LCA have little vegetation, resulting in a low landscape amenity. Therefore, its sensitivity is considered to be low.
KLCA-5	Lowland Agricultural Landscape	High	Medium	Low	High
Refers to large areas dominated by cultivated land with scattered small villages and low-rise buildings and may also include some fishponds and irrigation ponds. This LCA is mostly found among lowlands and floodplain areas.
Within the Study Area for KTN NDA the key area of this LCA is found at Long Valley which is a highly sensitive LR in itself. And there are also some isolated farmlands at Chau Tau and Ma Tso Lung. Tree vegetation is generally sparse and restricted to field boundaries, adjacent to local houses and, together with bamboo, along the banks of Sheung Yue River. The value and significance of the LCA is high, largely due to it encompassing the high quality, contiguous agricultural land of the core Long Valley area. It has little tolerance to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
KLCA-6	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Refers to major highway and railway areas, with their scattered associated buildings and associated planting. Within the Study Area for KTN NDA, Fanling Highway and its nearby associated roads (such as Castle Peak Road) are the major transport routes stretching in an east west direction located at the south boundary of KTN NDA. There are two key connection junctions at Fan Kam Road to the east and San Sham Road to the west. In addition, the MTRC East Rail leading to the Lo Wu Station runs south-north in the east of the study area. Lok Ma Chau Spur Line branches off from Sheung Shui Railway Station to Lok Ma Chau Station, of which this section is underground passing through KTN NDA. The Fanling Highway (Kwu Tung section) and Castle Peak Road running parallel have considerable areas of established roadside planting, including five OVTs, which provide significant greening to the LCA. Due to the considerable associated planting, this LCA resource is considered to be less tolerant to change than simple highway/railway and its sensitivity is medium.
KLCA-7	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Medium	High	Medium	Medium
Refers to modified water courses channelized with concrete or grasscrete and also includes the vegetation associated with the water course, both within the channel and along the banks as well as in the ridge of the banks. Within the Study Area of KTN NDA this LR includes Ng Tung River, Sheung Yue River and Shek Sheung River. The landscape amenity and significance of this LCA are medium. Due to its partially artificial state, it is relatively tolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.

Table 12.6.3 - Landscape Resources and their Sensitivity- FLN NDA (Refer to Figure 12.6.0 (key plan) and Figures 12.6.1-7 (zoom ins)

Id. No.	Landscape Resource (LR)	Quality & Maturity (High /Medium /Low)	Rarity (High /Medium /Low)	Ability to Accommodate Change (High /Medium /Low)	Sensitivity (High /Medium /Low)
FLR 1 – Channelized Water Course
Refers to modified water courses channelized with concrete or grasscrete, or with gabion-fortified banks, water courses undergoing such channelization. This LR includes both large channelized river water courses as well as some much smaller concrete lined water courses associated with agricultural land. This LR also includes some walkways along the larger water course and the vegetation associated with the water course, both within the channel and along the banks as well as the ridge of the banks. The vegetation mainly consists of grasses and shrubs, but also includes trees in some areas as detailed further in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA this LR includes sections of Ng Tung River, Shek Sheung River, Sheung Yue River and Ma Wat River and is one of the prominent landscape features running across a large part of the Study Area.
FLR-1.1	Ng Tung River (Fanling District)	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Ng Tung River (Fanling District) runs in an east-west direction in the FLN NDA Study Area. It collects water from Ma Wat River in the east, then Shek Sheung River and Sheung Yue River further west and finally empties into the Shenzhen River far outside the study area. Ng Tung River is modified with grasscrete banks and tree planting is found in its immediate vicinity. Dominant plantation tree species are Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia confusa. Other trees also recorded include Ficus virens and Leucaena leucocephala. The river also includes a nullah in the south of the Study Area and some small channels linking through culverts under the banks of the main channel to smaller channelized watercourses which connect to drainage systems and sometimes to more natural watercourses.
This resource is reasonably tolerant to change and its sensitivity is medium.
FLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Shek Sheung River collects water from the south and flows north, joining the Sheung Yue River west of the Sheung Shui Slaughter House. There is another branch of Shek Sheung River that splits from Ng Tung River and flows round the south of the Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works. Water drained from Tin Ping San Tsuen low land area flows into this branch after passing through a floodwater storage area. This LR is mainly a grasscrete banked, trapezoidal channel, formed for the purpose of flood protection of the Fanling and Kwu Tung areas. Water partially dries out during the dry season and there is only a small amount of water at the base of the channel, with grass on either side. There are grasses and shrubs along the river’s embankment also, as well as trees planted along both sides in many sections of the river. The dominant tree species are exotic, including Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa, Eucalyptus spp. and Leucaena leucocephala. Native trees of lower abundance can also be found, e.g. Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Cleistocalyx operculatus, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus virens and Sapium sebiferum.
Overall this river is relatively tolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
The Study Area of FLN NDA covers a short section of Sheung Yue River on the west where it drains water from Ho Sheung Heung and other areas in Kwu Tung. It joins Shek Sheung River before flowing into Ng Tung River. Its banks are fortified with a rigid lining of stone masonry among which grasses grow sparsely between the stone blocks. At ground level, planted trees are found along both sides of the river. Most of the dominant trees are exotic, including species such as Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa, Eucalyptus spp. and Leucaena leucocephala. Other trees include the native species Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus virens and Macaranga tanarius.
This river is reasonably capable of accommodating change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR-1.4	Ma Wat River	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Ma Wat River runs across the southeast part of the FLN NDA Study Area, passing through industrial, rural and agricultural areas. It joins Ng Tung River near Kan Lung Tsuen. Water in the channel decreases significantly during the dry season when its concrete bottom is often partly exposed and dry. There is grasscrete along both its banks, where Imperata koenigii is one of the dominant grasses. Tree planting consisting of large and mature trees is found in the immediate vicinity of this river. Dominant tree species are Acacia confusa, Ficus microcarpa, Melia azedarach and Leucaena leucocephala. Trees with lower abundance include native (Bauhinia blakeana, Celtis sinensis, Macaranga tanarius and Sapium sebiferum) and exotic (Casuarina equisetifolia and Pterocarpus indicus) species.
Overall this river is relatively tolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR-1.5	Water Course through Ma Shi Po Agricultural Land	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR describes a channelized concrete watercourse flowing through agricultural land from the Ma Shi Po area towards Ng Tung River where it connects through a concrete channelized link. It is likely to have been used for irrigation purposes, but there is limited water flow and the watercourse is polluted by domestic waste. Vegetation associated with this LR includes the herb species Bidens alba, Eleusine indica and Mikania micrantha. This LR is reasonably tolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be low.
FLR 2 – Water Course
Refers to natural or semi-natural water courses, including short sections with concreted banks. This LR also includes vegetation associated with the water course, both within the streams and along the banks as well as in the immediate vicinity. The vegetation mainly consists of grasses and shrubs, but also includes some trees in certain areas such as the upland streams, as detailed further in the individual LR descriptions. The vegetation often provides a subtle transition between this LR and its surrounding LR(s).
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA, this LR includes watercourses running down from different hills into lowland areas.
FLR-2.1	Natural Stream in Tin Ping Shan Agricultural Land	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Refers to a natural stream passing through Tin Ping Shan (Sacred Hill) agricultural land and finally flowing into the channelized Shek Sheung River. This is a narrow stream with grasses and climbers overgrowing its banks. The grasses mainly include Bidens alba, Polygonum chinense and Oxalis corymbosa. Although parts of this stream are more natural, much of it passes through development areas and is adjacent to open storage areas. It is degraded by pollution while some sections of the stream are fortified by concrete banks.
This LR has medium tolerance to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR-2.2	Natural Stream at Cham Shan	Medium	Medium	Low	Medium
This natural stream comes from Cham Shan and flows down to the lowland rural area in the northwest of the FLN NDA Study Area. It is not perennial and water flow may cease during the dry season. The banks of this stream is overgrown with common grasses such as Alocasia odora, Bidens alba and Panicum maximum, particularly in the upstream sections where it flows through extensive grasslands. Within the downstream sections in lowland rural areas, its banks are partially paved in places and the water quality is low as rubbish is commonly found near and in the stream.
This LR is not of high quality but it is relatively intolerant to change. The sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Lung Shan	Medium	Medium	Low	High
This LR refers to natural streams located at the foothill of Lung Shan and running through all heavily vegetated areas. The streams are intermittent and cease flowing during the dry season. Grasses and climbers grow along their banks. These include Alocasia odora and Cuscuta chinensis as well as some invasive species such as Mikania micrantha.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Siu Hang San Tsuen	Medium	Medium	Low	High
This LR describes streams at around Siu Hang San Tsuen. Stream banks are colonized by common species such as Commelina diffusa, Polygonum lapathifolium, Alocasia odora and Macaranga tanarius. Part of one stream at Siu Hang San Tsuen is regarded as ecologically important due to its naturalness and moderately diverse aquatic community. This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR 3 – Water Pond
Refers to freshwater ponds. The ponds are often associated with agricultural land and used for irrigation, and punctuate the traditional field pattern. Some ponds are also found near residential or developed areas, and have aesthetic landscape value and some are fish ponds. This LR also includes vegetation associated with the ponds, both within and around the banks as well as in the immediate vicinity. The vegetation mainly consists of grasses and shrubs, with scarce trees.
These water ponds are mainly in Fu Tei Au and Wai Loi Tsuen in FLN NDA, but also in the area overlapping with KTN, including Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley.
FLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley Water Ponds	Medium	Medium	Low	High
This LR refers to part of the area of ponds in Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley that are covered by the Study Area of FLN NDA. Ponds in Ho Sheung Heung retain water most of the time including during both the dry and wet seasons, while those in Long Valley are periodically emptied by local farmers during the dry season for management purposes and irrigation. The bunds of these ponds are vegetated by grasses and low shrubs, as well as some fruit trees such as Musa x paradisiaca, Litchi chinensis, Mangifera indica, Dimocarpus longan and Citrus maxima.
The ponds within this LR are of medium quality with common fruit trees present and are relatively intolerant to change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be high.
FLR-3.2	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	Medium	Medium	Low	High
Part of the north FLN NDA study area lies within the Closed Area and the water ponds of this LR are mainly located north of Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works and beside the Sha Ling Livestock Waste Control Centre but also at the northern base of Cheung Po Tau. In the west, they are generally large ponds covering a reasonably large area while those in the east are large but more isolated. Some of them are active fish ponds, some inactive fish ponds and some connect with wet agricultural land in their vicinity.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR-3.3	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Low	Medium	Low	Medium
This is a group of water ponds located between Fu Tei Au Road and Ng Tung River. The ponds were most likely used for commercial fish farming and for irrigation purposes in the past and have now mainly been abandoned. Common grasses (e.g. Bidens alba and Pennisetum spp.) and small trees (e.g. Bombax ceiba and Leucaena leucocephala) grow densely along the banks. Trees are planted or naturally have established themselves on the pond bunds; these include Macaranga tanarius, Litchi chinensis, Dimocarpus longan and Ficus hispida.
The quality and significance of this LR is relatively low, but it is intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is therefore considered as medium.
FLR-3.4	Water Ponds in Eastern Rural Area	Low	Medium	Low	Medium
There are two isolated ponds located in Lung Yeuk Tau in the east FLN NDA Study Area, one in San Uk Tsuen and the other one in Ma Wat Tsuen. Both are no longer used and not actively managed. Grasses and climbers grow along their banks and are also present in their immediate vicinity. The water surface of these ponds is largely colonized by plants.
This LR has low landscape quality and is small in area but it is relatively intolerant to change. Its sensitivity is medium.
FLR-3.5	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Low	Medium	Medium	Medium
This LR is on the periphery of Wai Loi Tsuen serving as the moat of this traditional village. It has concrete banks and is connected with the Shek Sheung River to its west.
Since this is a LR having significant artificial characteristics, it is relatively tolerant to change, however the moat has cultural landscape significance and therefore its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR 4 – Marsh/ Wetland
Refers to freshwater marsh/ wetland landscape resources. Some of them are found at old river meanders which have been truncated during river channelization and retraining, overgrown with herbaceous vegetation and often with some areas of seasonal or permanent open water.
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA, this LR is found along certain sections of Ng Tung River and Sheung Yue River as well as in Long Valley agricultural land.
FLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley and near Tsung Yeun	Medium	High	Low	High
This LR refers to part of the Long Valley marshes and marshes near Tsung Yeun that are covered by the Study Area of FLN NDA to its west. They are located within Long Valley agricultural land and in the agricultural land near Tsung Yeun and include both permanent wet marshes and well vegetated marshes. For the permanent wet marshes, they used to be fish ponds or used for irrigation purpose and have now been abandoned and are not actively managed. These marshes contain water all year round; dense emergent vegetation is present in the marshes and shows relatively high diversity including Phragmites karka, sedges Cyperus iria and Kyllinga aromatica, and herbs and climbers Ipomoea aquatica, Polygonum barbatum and Polygonum lapathifolium. For the well vegetated marshes, a large portion of the wetland area is covered with rich and moist topsoil, colonised by common and widespread species such as Brachiaria mutica, Panicum maximum, Bidens alba, Ludwigia perennis and the common wetland fern Cyclosorus interruptus.
This LR is fairly rare and is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	Medium	High	Low	High
Several plots of marsh are located along Ng Tung River and Sheung Yue River. They were formerly meanders of the river and were isolated during the river channelization. To mitigate the ecological impact resulting from channelization, these areas are now managed by a government department to provide marsh habitat, mainly for wetland dependent wildlife and are hence a wetland landscape resource. Wetland plants and riparian vegetation have been planted and include Commelina diffusa, Hedychium coronarium, Ludwigia perennis and Nelumbo nucifera. Bamboos and trees are also planted along the bunds, e.g. Acacia auriculiformis, Cinnamomum camphora, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Ilex rotunda.
This LR had medium quality and maturity and in general marsh habitats are reasonably rare in Hong Kong. Additionally this LR is relatively intolerant to change so its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR 5 – Plantation
Refers to medium sized and larger clusters of trees that have been planted and are distinct from natural woodland in terms of species composition since they have been planted by man. Common tree species in this LR include Ficus virens, Ficus microcarpa, Acacia confusa, Bombax ceiba, Macaranga tanarius and Melaleuca quinquenervia. Further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA this LR is found in the vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen, Ha Pak Tsuen, On Kwok Villa and Noble Hill.
FLR-5.1	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Medium	Medium	High	Medium
A mixture of native and exotic trees is planted around the moat of Wai Loi Tsuen and its vicinity, serving as a good screen for the road and industrial area to the west of the village. Compared to those trees planted immediately along the Shek Sheung River in its vicinity, trees in this plantation have a relatively higher diversity, including native species (Bauhinia blakeana, Celtis sinensis and Ficus microcarpa) and exotic species (Acacia confusa, Aleurites moluccana, Bombax ceiba, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Grevillea robusta, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Melaleuca quinquenervia).
This LR has medium amenity value and relatively high capacity to accommodate change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR-5.2	Ha Pak Tsuen Plantation	High	Medium	Low	High
A patch of plantation is located to the east of Ha Pak Tsuen and a number of large mature trees within the village park area near Mun Hau Tsuen. Trees are densely planted within the village as well as along the nearby roads leading to the village to enhance the landscape value of this area. Among these planted trees, Chinese Banyan Ficus microcarpa is one of the most prominent trees as most of them are mature and large. Other tree species include native (Macaranga tanarius) and exotic (Acacia confusa and Bombax ceiba) species.
Although this resource was originally man made, it now has many large, mature trees in a traditional village setting and this is harder to recreate, so it has a relatively low capacity to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of On Kwok Villa and Noble Hill	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
There is significant plantation on the periphery of On Kwok Villa and Noble Hill mainly along Tin Ping Road, Lung Sum Road, Ma Sik Road and a branch of Ng Tung River. Trees planted in this area are reasonably mature and dense. They include native (Ficus virens, Ficus microcarpa, Bauhinia blakeana and Macaranga tanarius) and exotic (Bombax ceiba, Cassia siamea, Delonix regia, Eucalyptus spp., Ficus religiosa and Melaleuca quinquenervia) species.
Although trees in this LR provide a certain high landscape value, the trees are set amongst modern residential areas. The LR was originally a man-made resource and is able to be recreated fairly easily meaning it has a reasonable capacity to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is therefore considered to be medium.
FLR 6 - Hillside Woodland
Refers to woodland areas largely scattered over hillsides, including at the base of hills and associated patches of woodland. This LR is predominantly composed of native tree species and is generally located some distance from intense human activities (except at the base of hills where it often borders rural development areas), growing naturally with some understory vegetation. Common tree species in this LR include Acacia confusa, Macaranga tanarius, Ficus microcarpa, Dimocarpus longan, Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora and Ficus hispida. Further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of the FLN NDA, this LR is largely scattered at the foothill of Cham Shan, Wa Shan and Lung Shan.
FLR-6.1	Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works Hillside Woodland	High	Medium	Low	High
Several small patches of woodland lie at the eastern base of the hillside surrounding Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works. Trees grow naturally and densely in this area and dominant species include Macaranga tanarius, Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Melia azedarach and Leucaena leucocephala.
This LR is relatively mature and intolerant to change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be high.
FLR- 6.2	Cham Shan and Wa Shan Hillside Woodland	High	Medium	Low	High
This LR refers to the relatively large and continuous woodlands along the foothills of Cham Shan and Wa Shan to their northern, western and southern sides, bordering shrubland/grassland on the higher ground above and rural villages and agricultural lands in the lowland area below. Due to limited human disturbance, these trees are mature in medium to large sizes. Dominant tree species include both native and exotic ones. Dominant native trees are Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus hispida, Ficus variegata var. chlorocarpa, Rhus succedanea, Sapium discolor, Ficus microcarpa and Macaranga tanarius. Dominant exotic species include Melia azedarach, Dimocarpus longan, Syzygium jambos, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia confusa and Casuarina equisetifolia.
This LR is considered to be relatively mature and of high quality and it has little capacity to tolerate change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be high.
FLR- 6.3	Ma Wat Wai Hillside Woodland	High	Medium	Low	High
This LR refers to a small and isolated woodland patch embracing Ma Wat Wai on all sides expect the northeast. A mixture of exotic and native trees as well as many bamboos is present in this area. Dominant trees include native species (Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus hispida, Sterculia lanceolata, Rhus succedanea and Sapium discolor) and exotic species (Dimocarpus longan and Melia azedarach).
This is a mature resource and of relatively high quality. It has little capacity to tolerate change. Its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR- 6.4	Hillside Woodland at Lung Shan and Wa Mei Shan	High	Medium	Low	High
This LR covers part of the woodlands on the foothill of Lung Shan to the northeast of Fanling Highway and the foothill of Wa Mei Shan to the southwest in the vicinity of Wo Hop Shek. This resource includes mature woodland trees growing on hillside slopes, including native species (Celtis sinensis, Macaranga tanarius, Ficus hispida, Ficus microcarpa and Litsea glutinosa) and exotic species (Acacia confusa, Eucalyptus spp., Dimocarpus longan, Melia azedarach and Syzygium jambos).
The quality and landscape value of this LR is relatively high, with little tolerance to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR 7 – Lowland Woodland
Refers to woodland growing on low ground (generally <40 mPD), often found near rural village areas of human activities in small, fragmented patches, with differing tree species according to location. Common tree species found in this LR include Dimocarpus longan, Cinnamomum camphora, Macaranga tanarius, and Leucaena leucocephala. Further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA, this LR is found in Vernon Pass, Fu Tei Au, Hung Kiu San Tsuen, Sacred Hill, Ling Hill and Ling Shan Tsuen.
FLR-7.1	Vernon Pass Woodland	Low	Medium	Medium	Medium
This LR refers to a small patch of woodland at Vernon Pass in the northwest of the Study Area. It contains some built structures and is generally frequently disturbed by human interaction leading to the vegetation within the LR being of lower quality. The dominant species in this LR are native species (Ficus variegata var. chlorocarpa, Ficus hispida and Macaranga tanarius) and exotic species (Dimocarpus longan).
Due to its association with built structures and therefore not being in a totally natural state, the quality of this LR is low. It has a medium capacity to tolerate change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR- 7.2	Lowland Woodland at Fu Tei Au and Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
This LR refers to several patches of woodland in Fu Tei Au area and in the close vicinity of Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works. They are generally surrounded by, or bordering, rural areas and abandoned agricultural lands and so receive moderate human disturbance leading to the vegetation within the LR being of lower quality. Trees in this resource are not diverse and dominated by Dimocarpus longan, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Celtis sinensis, Macaranga tanarius and Cinnamomum camphora.
This is a landscape resource of medium quality and has a medium tolerance to change, making its sensitivity medium.
FLR- 7.3	Hung Kiu San Tsuen Lowland Woodland	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
This LR refers to the lowland woodlands in the vicinity of Hung Kiu San Tsuen, east of Man Kam To Road. These woodlands are largely surrounded by adjacent industrial/open storage areas and therefore potentially suffer from disturbance by human activities making this resource of lower quality than it would otherwise be.
These trees are of medium to large sizes, and are dominated by both native and exotic species. The most abundant native species include Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus hispida, Bischofia javanica, Cinnamomum camphora, and Macaranga tanarius, while exotic species include Averrhoa carambola, Casuarina equisetifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Dimocarpus longan and Melia azedarach.
This LR has a medium amenity value, relatively low quality, a medium tolerance to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR- 7.4	Sacred Hill Lowland Woodland	Medium	Medium	Low	High
This LR is located to the east of Tin Ping Shan Tsuen, adjacent to the large Tin Ping Shan Tsuen agricultural lands. Common tree species include Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa and Macaranga tanarius.
This LR is relatively intolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR-7.5	Ling Hill and Ling Shan Tsuen Lowland Woodland	High	Medium	Low	High
This LR refers to the woody areas near the intersection of Ma Sik Road and Jockey Club Road. These woodland patches are on the periphery of and associated with Ling Shan Tsuen. There is an old temple (Sam Sheung Temple) located in this village and it is also surrounded by this woodland. Trees in this resource are fairly large and mature including both native and exotic species. Native species include Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa and Macaranga tanarius and exotic species include Acacia confusa, Delonix regia and Dimocarpus longan.
This is a natural resource of high quality and is not able to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLR 8 - Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic
Refers to a mosaic of shrubland and grassland which is usually large in size and uniform in appearance. This LR is typical of the fire-maintained hill-slopes in Hong Kong and common grass species include Miscanthus sinensis, Neyraudia spp. and Panicum spp. Further details are given in the individual LR descriptions.
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA, this LR is found largely on hillsides, particularly on Wa Shan, Cham Shan and Lung Shan, as well as some relatively lowland areas to the west of the Study Area.
FLR - 8.1	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic West of and along Sheung Yue River and Ng Tung River	Low	Low	High	Low
These shrublands /grasslands are all located in lowland areas and in the vicinity of man-made resources such as channelized watercourses, rural and urban development areas. They are waste grounds through lack of maintenance and have been gradually colonized by weeds and climbers.
This LR is of low landscape value and amenity and is relatively tolerant to change. Its sensitivity is low.
FLR-8.2	Fu Tei Au Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Low	Low	High	Low
This resource is located north of Fu Tei Au Road surrounding the Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works. It is dominated by grasses such as Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus floridulus and some small trees including Rhus succedanea and Macaranga tanarius are also present in this area.
This LR is of low landscape value and amenity and is relatively tolerant to change. Its sensitivity is low.
FLR- 8.3	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic at Cham Shan and Wa Shan	Medium	Low	Medium	Medium
This is an extensive and continuous resource in the northeast of the Study Area of FLN NDA, i.e. the hillsides of Cham Shan and Wa Shan. Similar to most of the other hillsides in Hong Kong, this large area of grassland is also maintained by hill fires and mainly colonized by grasses. Grass and herb species such as Miscanthus sinensis, Neyraudia reynaudiana and Panicum spp. are widespread within the resource. Nevertheless, some patches close to Cheung Po Tau, which are undergoing vegetation succession towards shrubland, support higher plant diversity and show more complex floristic structure. Shrubs commonly found in these areas include Melastoma candidum, Rhus succedanea, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Sapium discolor.
This LR can re-establish itself fairly easily and is therefore considered to be relatively tolerant to change but is of medium quality and maturity. Its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR - 8.4	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic at Lung Shan	Medium	Low	Medium	Medium
This LR is part of the extensive shrubby grassland on the uplands of Lung Shan. It merges into hillside woodland at the foothills and is sometimes adjacent to the urban development area. Similar to the other hilly shrubland/grassland in Hong Kong, this LR is maintained by periodical hill fires.
This LR can re-establish itself fairly easily and is therefore considered to be relatively tolerant to change. It is of medium quality and maturity and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR 9 - Agricultural Land
Refers to land used for agriculture including crops and orchards as well as ornamental plant nurseries. This LR contains a small number of structures such as small irrigation ponds, green houses, equipment sheds and small/ narrow hard paved areas. It not only contains agricultural vegetation but also some scattered non-agricultural vegetation including some shrubs and trees. It is often an intermediary between areas of development and natural areas.
Within the Study Area of the FLN NDA, this LR is mainly found in Tin Ping Shan, Ma Shi Po and Sheung Shui Wa Shan.
FLR- 9.1	Agricultural Lands in Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley	High	High	Low	High
The Study Area of FLN NDA covers small parts of the agricultural lands in Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley in the west. They are mainly wet agricultural lands, including both active and inactive fields. Common wetland crops in Long Valley and Ho Sheung Heung share a high similarity in their species composition, including Ipomoea aquatic, Nasturtium officinale, Eleocharis dulcis, Oryza sativa and Trapa bispinosa. Fruit trees are present along field bunds including Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis and Magnifera indica.
This LR is of good quality and a significant local resource due to its large size, long history and crop production. Although agricultural land is normally relatively easy to re-establish in the right environment, this particular LR would be relatively hard to recreate in Hong Kong given its size and it being largely not fragmented. Its sensitivity is high.
FLR-9.2	Fu Tei Au Agricultural Land	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Agricultural land in Fu Tei Au area is partially abandoned. Common vegetables such as Brassica parachinensis and Lactuca sativa are grown in the active fields. In those inactive fields, grasses dominated by Miscanthus spp. have colonized the land, with some isolated shrubs and trees growing along the previous field bunds without management. Those trees include Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis and Magnifera indica.
This LR provides some green space between the hard surfaces of industrial/open storage areas or rural development areas making it locally reasonably important. Agricultural land is fairly easy to re-establish in the right environment and especially given some of this land is abandoned, it has medium tolerance to change. The LR is considered to have medium sensitivity.
FLR - 9.3	Agricultural Land between Ng Tung River and Shek Sheung River	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
A patch of active agricultural land is located in the flood area between Ng Tung River and Shek Sheung River, north of Po Wan Road. This agricultural land probably connected with the agricultural land in Tin Ping Shan Tsuen (FLR-9.4) in the past but has now been separated by an open storage area between them (FLR-13.1). The area of this LR is relatively small, but of reasonable quality.
This LR has medium value and being agricultural land has medium ability to tolerate change in the right environment. It is considered to have medium sensitivity.
FLR - 9.4	Tin Ping Shan Tsuen Agricultural Land	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Tin Ping Shan Tsuen agricultural land is located on the north of Tin Ping Shan Tsuen. This is a reasonably sized,unfragmented area of agricultural land and more than half the fields remain active. In addition to open farmlands, there are also some orchards in which small fruit trees including Musa x paradisiaca, Litchi chinensis and Dimocarpus longan are cultivated.
The LR is mature and established and of medium quality, yet since it is agricultural land, in the right environment it could be recreated, meaning it has reasonable capacity to accommodate change. It is considered to have medium sensitivity.
FLR - 9.5	Agricultural Land at Sheung Shui Wa Shan	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
This LR is located in the lowland area at the foot of Wa Shan, along the eastern bank of Ng Tung River. Much of the agricultural land within this area is abandoned with weeds, climbers, isolated shrubs and banana trees and some other invasive trees (e.g. Leucaena leucocephala) colonizing the land. However some areas are still active and this land is a green resource neighbouring village developments.
This LR has medium landscape quality and maturity. Being agricultural land it is relatively tolerant to change in the right environment. It is considered to have medium sensitivity.
FLR - 9.6	Agricultural Land in Wu Nga Lok Yueng, Siu Hang San Tsuen, Siu Hang Tsuen and Shek Wu San Tsuen	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
This resource is mainly situated in the east of the Study Area of FLN NDA and includes both active and inactive agricultural lands. A variety of crops are grown in the active fields, including Benincasa hispida, Pisum sativum, Solanum melongena and Lactuca sativa. As a result of human activity of cultivation, vegetation on the bunds of these fields is poorly developed and is dominated by common herbs such as Ageratum conyzoides, Hedyotis diffusa and Kyllinga brevifolia and Lobelia chinensis and few shrubs and trees are present. Some of the inactive fields, due to the lack of management and disturbance for a long time, are beginning to develop naturally into grassland or shrubby grassland with colonisation by herbs, isolated shrubs and small trees.
This LR is mature and established yet the land is highly fragmented and overall the LR is not of high quality. Since it is agricultural land, in the right environment it could be re-established, meaning it has reasonable capacity to accommodate change. I It is considered to have medium sensitivity.
FLR - 9.7	Agricultural Land South of Sha Tau Kok Road	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
This resource is situated in the south east of the Study Area of FLN NDA, south of Sha Tau Kok road and near the base of Lung Shan. It includes both active and inactive agricultural lands near Lung Yeuk Tau, Mat Wat Wai and east of Wing Ning Wai, Wing Ning Tsuen and Tung Kok Wai. A variety of crops are grown in the active fields, including Benincasa hispida, Brassica chinensis and Lactuca sativa. For those inactive fields, due to the lack of management, they are beginning to develop naturally into grassland or shrubby grassland with colonisation by herbs (e.g. Alocasia odora, Miscanthus sinensis, and Bidens alba) and small trees (e.g. Ficus hispida and Macaranga tanarius).
This LR has medium value and, being agricultural land, is reasonably easy to recreate in the right environment, which means it has medium capacity to accommodate change and it is considered to have medium sensitivity.
FLR 10 - Open Space / Recreation Area
Refers to areas that provide recreational use either in the form of playground areas or sports pitches. There is vegetation associated with this LR, as well as landscaped planting.
Within the Study Area of the FLN NDA, this LR is found at North District Sports Ground.
FLR- 10.1	North District Sports Ground	Medium	Medium	High	Low
North District Sports Ground is a multi-purpose sports ground located between Jockey Club Road and Tin Ping Road. Facilities provided in this sports ground include natural grass football field, running track, covered grandstand, public leisure pool, basketball/volleyball courts and outdoor and indoor tennis courts. Dominant amenity trees planted in this LR include Ficus microcarpa, Bauhinia blakeana and Bauhinia variegata.
This LR has medium landscape value and due to its man-made nature and high percentage of hard landscape, has a high capacity to accommodate change. Apart from the open grass pitch, it has little planting and therefore soft landscape is relatively low value. Overall its sensitivity is considered to be low.
FLR 11 – Urban Development Area
Refers to urbanized areas which are heavily developed with considerable hard paved surfaces and limited landscaped areas. These LRs consist mainly of large clusters of medium to high density buildings with a high degree of related infrastructure and often with some high rise developments, with some associated facilities such as post office, police station, hospital, restaurants, supermarkets etc. The LR also includes work sites where construction is ongoing, or sites being cleared/ formed prior to development of a structure that would form part of an urban area. Vegetation in this LR is mainly landscape planting with scattered amenity shrubs and trees, some small public green spaces and private gardens.
Within the Study Area of the FLN NDA, this LR broadly covers Lo Wu Correctional Institution and the large urban development areas in Sheung Shui and Fanling.
FLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Low	Low	High	Low
Lo Wu Correctional Institution is located in between Ho Sheung Heung Road and the foothills of Tai Shek Mo. Buildings in this LR are medium-rise and roads are all hard-paved. Tree planting is limited within the institution although it does have some green roofs.
This LR has a high ability to accommodate change due to its man-made nature and is considered to have low sensitivity.
FLR- 11.2	Sheung Shui Urban Development Area	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR refers to the northeastern part of the Sheung Shui town centre. There are high-rise public (e.g. Tin Ping Estate) and private (e.g. Tsui Lai Garden, On Kwok Villa and Noble Hill) estates, training centres, multi-storey car park and home for the aged located in this area. Gardens and small scale playgrounds can also be found associated with those residential blocks. Amenity trees and shrubs are planted and well maintained to enhance the environment, and the dominant tree species are Melaleuca quinquenervia, Acacia confusa, Bauhinia blakeana, Ficus microcarpa, Bombax ceiba, Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus citriodora and Phoenix roebelenii.
This LR has low landscape value and due to its man-made nature, has a high capacity to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is considered to be low.
FLR- 11.3	Fanling Urban Development Area	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR mainly covers Luen Wo Hui urban development area in Fanling. Medium and high rise residential buildings (e.g. Fanling Garden, Wing Fok Centre, Wing Fai Centre, Union Plaza, Belair Monte, Grand Regentville), schools (e.g. Fanling Public School, Buddhist Ma Kam Chan Memorial English Secondary School and Fanling Rhenish Church Secondary School), a church (St. Joseph’s Church), cinema, commercial complexes and street markets can be found in this area. Gardens and playgrounds of small scale can also be found associated with the residential blocks. Amenity trees and shrubs are planted along roads but are relatively limited. The dominant tree species are Melaleuca quinquenervia, Acacia confusa, Ficus microcarpa, Cassia siamea and Bauhinia variegata.
This LR has low landscape value and due to its man-made nature, has a high capacity to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is considered to be low.
FLR 12 - Rural Development Area
Refers to traditional villages, modern villages and small scale residential areas dominated by domestic structures (mainly of 2-3 stories) interwoven with roads and paths, There are some Ancestral Halls, shrines and temples, and this LR may also contain some facilities such as small police stations, post offices, and covered water reservoirs and pumping stations and some small, managed, recreational areas (such as football and basket ball pitches) and small wasteland areas either wholly or partly covered by weedy or sparse vegetation. This LR has a few small orchard areas associated with it and private gardens, as well as amenity planting among the built structures. This LR usually occurs in fragmented patches with agricultural or natural landscape resources adjacent to it. Within the Study Area of the FLN NDA this LR includes Ngam Pin, Fu Tei Au, Sheung Shui lowland area, Lung Yeuk Tau, Wo Hap Shek, as well as some areas at the base of Wa Shan and Lung Shan.
FLR-12.1	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Low	Medium	Medium	Low
This LR is just located within the Closed Area. Structures in the village are old and simple with most of the residential buildings consisting of iron structures. Tall grasses grow along the roads winding between houses without management and much of the area is abandoned.
This LR is considered to have low sensitivity.
FLR- 12.2	Rural Development Area in the Vicinity of Fu Tei Au	Low	Medium	Medium	Medium
This LR mainly covers the rural area between Fu Tei Au Road and Ng Tung River. Settlements in this area consist predominantly of simple and traditional houses of a single storey, some of which are fenced off. Trees are present both along the roads winding between houses and in private gardens, including Dimocarpus longan, Macaranga tanarius and Aleurites moluccana.
Man Ming Temple, constructed before 1924, is located within to the south of this LR. It is a Grade 3 Historic Building which is a three-hall building, with two open corridors on the two sides of the central hall, used to access the end hall.
This resource has limited landscape value, but some of its structures have heritage significance and therefore have little ability to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is overall considered to be medium.
FLR- 12.3	Rural Development Area in the North of FLN NDA	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR covers the rural development areas in the north of the Study Area and it is partially located within the Closed Area. Main structures included in this LR are the Border District Police Headquarters, Sha Ling Livestock Waste Control Centre, a firing range at the uphill of Cheung Po Tau, as well as some scattered village settlements in Sha Ling. A number of individual Chinese Banyan (Ficus microcarpa) are well maintained along the boundary fence of Border District Police Headquarters, while in other areas there are patches of trees along the roads, most of them without management. These trees mainly include Macaranga tanarius, Acacia confusa, Bombax ceiba and Casuarina equisetifolia.
Overall this LR has limited landscape value and high ability to accommodate change. It is considered to have low sensitivity.
FLR- 12.4	Rural Development Area in Sheung Shui Lowland Area	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
This is a lowland resource where a number of villages are concentrated, particularly in the western part which encompasses Wai Loi Tsuen, Man Kok Village, Mun Hau Tsuen, Po Sheung Tsuen, Ha Pak Tsuen, Chung Sum Tsuen, Sheung Pak Tsuen, Tai Yuen Tsuen and Hing Yan Tsuen (collective named as Sheung Shui Heung/Sheung Shui Wai). The eastern part of this LR includes Tin Ping Shan Tsuen. Fung Kai School with its associated football pitch and several basketball pitches and some mature trees are also located at the centre of this LR.
Those villages in the west are well established, consisting of some modern housing of 2-3 storeys and some traditional housing and include one declared monument and two graded historic buildings. Liu Man Shek Tong Ancestral Hall, a declared monument, was built by Liu Man Shek Tong in 1751 at Mun Hau Tsuen. This typical three-hall two-courtyard building is decorated by plaster mouldings, wood carvings and murals of auspicious motifs and pictures. One of the graded historic buildings is Liu Ying Lung Study Hall, situated at Po Sheung Tsuen which is a confirmed Grade 1 Historic Building. It was renovated in 1923 and was once the place where Spring Equinox, births and weddings were celebrated. The other is Old Sheung Shui Police Station, which is a confirmed Grade 2 Historic Building. It was one of thirteen police stations built soon after the British took over the New Territories and later became a police reporting centre and then a Junior Police Call (JPC) Club House after the new Sheung Shui Police Station was opened in 1979. Tin Ping Shan Tsuen in the east is relatively small, mainly consisting of more traditional and simple structured houses of a single storey. Most areas are hard-surfaced and have limited vegetation except those private amenity plantings.
Given the traditional nature of much of this LR and its historical buildings, this LR is relatively intolerant to change and is considered to have medium sensitivity.
FLR- 12.5	Wa Shan Rural Development Area	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
This LR refers to several rural development areas along the hillsides or at the foothill of Wa Shan. They are largely rural settlements including Sheung Shui Wa Shan village, Siu Hang Tsuen and Siu Hang San Tsuen. Most of these villages are undergoing transformation due to the fact that many houses have been replaced by modern housing blocks of 2-3 stories and some new housing blocks are being constructed. This LR has limited softscape treatment but does include some trees (e.g. Mangifera indica, Dimocarpus longan and Livistona chinensis) and private amenity plantings (e.g. Duranta erecta).
One temple is located in Siu Hang Tsuen, (Fuk Tak Temple), established some 100 years ago. The temple is for the worship of the Earth God and other gods/deities that give protection to the villagers and so is locally important. Although the temple is not a graded historic building, it is at one end of the Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail. Part of San Wai/Tai Ling Firing Range is also included in this LR. It is a large piece of grassland for military purpose. Many mature trees grow in the surroundings, including Macaranga tanarius, Celtis sinensis, Leucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus spp.
This LR is largely a man-made area but some of the historical buildings and the vegetation associated with the firing range are relatively intolerant to change. The overall sensitivity of this LR is medium.
FLR- 12.6	Lung Yeuk Tau Rural Development Area	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
A group of villages aggregate in Lung Yeuk Tau, including Kan Lung Tsuen, San Wai, San Uk Tsuen, Wing Ning Wai, Wing Ning Tsuen, Tung Kok Wai, Ma Wat Wai, Ma Wat Tsuen and Lo Wai. These villages are largely divided into two parts (i.e. northern and southern parts) by Sha Tau Kok Road.
Houses in Kan Lung Tsuen, San Wai and San Uk Tsuen in the north are relatively traditional and simple. The Sisters of the Precious Blood Children’s Village is also located in this area. There are facilities such as a playground and basketball pitch provided in this village.
Wing Ning Wai, Wing Ning Tsuen, Tung Kok Wai, Ma Wat Wai, Ma Wat Tsuen and Lo Wai in the southern part of this LR are either modern villages with housing blocks of 2-3 stories or villages undergoing transformation. However, some historical elements remain in these villages. These include the Entrance Gate of Wing Ning Wai and Tsung Kyam Church at Shung Him Tong Tsuen, both of which are classified as Grade 3 Historic Buildings, as well as the Entrance Tower of Ma Wat Wai and Entrance Tower and Enclosing Walls of Lo Wai, which are declared monuments. The whole village area is mostly hard-surfaced and has limited softscape treatment but does include some trees (e.g. Dimocarpus longan, Sterculia lanceolata and Ficus microcarpa) and some bamboos.
The Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail passes through this LR taking in the high number of heritage buildings in the LR. Although many village areas in this LR are relatively modern, the historic buildings and declared monument are vulnerable to change since they cannot be easily recreated and overall this LR has medium sensitivity.
FLR- 12.7	Rural Development Area at Wo Hop Shek and Lung Shan	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR includes Cyber Domaine, Tong Hang and Tong Hang Tung Chuen at the foothill of Lung Shan as well as part of the Wo Hop Shek San Tsuen in Wo Hop Shek. It also includes the Tong Hang Fresh Water Service Reservoir that is located on the hillside of Lung Shan. Trees commonly found in this LR are Melaleuca quinquenervia, Celtis sinensis , Ficus hispida, Leucaena leucocephala, Dimocarpus longan, and Eucalyptus citriodora
This LR is dominated by domestic residencies. Its landscape amenity, significance and quality are moderate and it has a high ability to tolerate change, making its overall sensitivity low.
FLR- 12.8	Rural Development Area at Ma Shi Po	Medium	Low	Medium	Medium
This LR refers to the rural settlements scattered among the agricultural lands in Ma Shi Po. Most of the settlements are old in style and of small and simple structure. Trees associated with these village houses include Celtis sinensis , Ficus hispida, Leucaena leucocephala and Dimocarpus longan etc.
This LR is dominated by domestic residencies. Its landscape amenity, significance and quality are medium and it has medium ability to tolerate change, making its overall sensitivity medium.
FLR- 12.9	Wu Nga Lok Yeung and Ling Shan Tsuen Rural Development Area	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR mainly refers to two patches of continuous rural development located at Wu Nga Lok Yeung as well as Ling Shan Tsuen and Good View New Village.
Some of the construction works at Wu Nga Lok Yeung are suspended, leaving two rows of 3-storey unfinished village houses on exposed ground. Plants are generally absent from this area. The village houses in Ling Shan Tsuen and Good View New Village are relatively concentrated with large trees frequently found along the winding roads and in private gardens. These trees include Celtis sinensis, Dimocarpus longan, Livistona chinensis and Macaranga tanarius, etc.
This LR is dominated by domestic residencies. Its landscape amenity, significance and quality are medium and it has high ability to tolerate change, making its overall sensitivity low.
FLR 13 - Industrial / Open Storage
Refers to areas which are heavily adapted for human industrial use, such as factory facilities, waste processing plants and other industrial buildings, often with some open areas for storage, parking or other associated activities. These areas have small roads within them and some concrete drainage channels. There is very little existing vegetation within this LR.
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA, this LR is geographically divided into Sheung Shui and Fanling industrial/open storage areas and will be further described individually.
FLR- 13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial/Open Storage Area	Low	Low	High	Low
The western part of this LR contains Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works, Sheung Shui Slaughter House, Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works as well as several warehouses and industrial buildings. Planted trees are found along the roads and dominant species include Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia confusa and Leucaena leucocephala.
The rest of this LR is largely used for open storage and car parks as well as several waste processing plants. There is a Tin Hau Temple (No. 41 Hung Kiu San Tsuen), but it is not a graded historic building. Trees within this area are not actively managed and grasses occupy many places between the car parks. Tree species commonly found include Leucaena leucocephala, Bauhinia blakeana, Bauhinia variegata, Macaranga tanarius, Delonix regia, Cassia siamea, Bombax ceiba, Syzygium jambos, Ficus virens, Mangifera indica and Acacia auriculiformis.
This LR has relatively low landscape amenity value and consists mostly of modern man-made structures that can be easily recreated. Its sensitivity is considered to be low.
FLR- 13.2	Fanling Industrial Area	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR refers to the warehouses and industrial buildings, factories and workshops southwest of Luen Wo Hui in Fanling District. There are individual fenced factories containing some open areas for car parks with small patches of wild grasses or small shrubs growing on exposed ground. Trees grow sparsely along the roads between building blocks and include Celtis sinensis, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Aleurites moluccana and Leucaena leucocephala.
This LR has low amenity value and is capable of accommodating change. It is considered to have low sensitivity.
FLR 14 - Major Transportation Corridor
Refers to MTRC railway, Fanling Highway, as well as Sha Tau Kok Road (Lung Yeuk Tau) and all the associated intersections. There is tree planting along the sides of the roads consisting of a variety of indigenous and exotic species such Cassia siamea and Acacia confusa. In addition, there is some planting along the central divider (median) in some sections, including of amenity shrubs such as Allamanda schottii and sometimes palm trees Livistona chinensis. Drainage channels associated with the roads/highway are considered part of this LR as they are an integral function of the roadscape.
FLR- 14.1	MTRC East Rail	Low	Low	High	Low
The LR includes a short section of MTRC East Railway running between Sheung Shui and Lo Wu Stations. No significant planting is found along the railway lines and trees growing randomly in its vicinity are dominated by Leucaena leucocephala.
This resource is highly utilized by the general public and well linked but it is man-made with low landscape value and a high ability to accommodate change. Its sensitivity is low.
FLR- 14.2	Sha Tau Kok Road (Lung Yeuk Tau)	Medium	Low	Medium	Medium
Sha Tau Kok Road (Lung Yeuk Tau) starts from Sheung Shui Police Station and runs northwest through the south of Luen Wo Hui in the FLN NDA Study Area. There is significant roadside planting, with planted trees dominated by Melaleuca quinquenervia found along the road sides and the central divider. In addition to trees, amenity shrubs such as Ixora chinensis and Schefflera arboricola are also planted to enhance to landscape value of this area.
Despite this being a man-made resource, the landscape value of this LR is increased by the significant roadside planting with many mature roadside trees and overall its sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR- 14.3	Fanling Highway	Medium	Low	Medium	Medium
This LR is a major transportation corridor connecting Fanling, Sheung Shui, Kwu Tung and other adjacent areas. It includes a short section of Fanling Highway with a reasonable amount of roadside planting with some mature tree. Species include Melaleuca quinquenervia, Bombax ceiba, Ficus microcarpa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia confusa and Bauhinia blakeana.
This is a man-made resource, and due to the roadside planting is less able to accommodate change and its overall sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLR- 14.4	MTRC near Fanling Highway	Low	Low	High	Low
This LR is small section of the MTRC East Rail line running parallel to Fanling Highway. It has no planting associated with it, only noise barriers at its edges.
This is a man-made resource which has a high ability to accommodate change. Its overall sensitivity is considered to be low.

The baseline LCAs of FLN NDA are listed in Table 12.6.4 and mapped in Figures 12.8.0 (key plan) and Figures 12.8.1-7 (zoom ins). Illustrative photographs of the LCAs are presented in Figures 12.8.8-9

Table 12.6.4 - Landscape character areas and their sensitivity – FLN NDA (Refer to Figure 12.8.0 (key plan) and Figures 12.8.1-7 (zoom ins))

Id. No.	Landscape Character Area (LCA)	Quality & Maturity (High /Medium /Low)	Rarity (High /Medium /Low)	Ability to Accommodate Change (High /Medium /Low)	Sensitivity (High /Medium /Low)
FLCA-1	Natural Hillside Landscape	High	High	Low	High
Refers to large hillside areas which are dominated by shrubland, grassland and some woodland in places such as the ravines.
Within the Study Area for FLN NDA this LCA encompasses Cham Shan and Wa Shan to the north reaching 164 mPD and the foothills of Lung Shan to the south. Other area of this LCA found within the study area is at and Ling Hill. It is relatively at lower height and close to human activities.
This LCA is predominantly natural and of high quality. It is a significant LCA within the Study Area and has a low tolerance to change. Therefore its sensitivity is considered to be high.
FLCA-2	Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Refers to rural village areas and village areas on the fringes of urban developments, including relic landscapes of former villages. This LCA is dominated by small or medium sized villages with modern and traditional houses and some temples, interspersed with small agricultural plots and comprises a broad mixture of other land uses including water ponds, schools, sports grounds, and playgrounds, some open storage areas and car parks. This LCA also has some patches of woodland as well as vegetation associated with the villages and park areas.
Within the Study Area for FLN NDA this LCA is generally found at the foothills of the Cham Shan and Wa Shan along the northern bank of Ng Tung River such as at Fu Tei Au, as well as in other lowland areas near the river around Sheung Shui Heung and Shek Wu San Tsuen.
This LCA is considered to have medium tolerance to change and be of moderate amenity value. Its sensitivity is therefore medium.
FLCA-3	Urban Development Landscape	Low	Low	High	Low
Refers to urban areas with significant numbers of high-rise developments and extensive transport infrastructure. It also contains car parks and open areas associated with urban development such as playgrounds and small parks and sitting out areas. This LCA has limited natural vegetation but does include some man-made landscaping.
Within the Study Area for FLN NDA this LCA is found only towards the south-western boundary including Sheung Shui and Fanling town centres, with buildings becoming more modern. It includes the high-rise developments such as Woodland Crest, Grand Regentville, Regentville, and Avon Park and some high rise estates such as Tin Ping Estate.
This is an important residential landscape and has high tolerance to change. The sensitivity of this LCA is considered to be low.
FLCA-4	Industrial Landscape	Low	Low	High	Low
Refers to areas comprising a broad mix of land uses including factories, utility facilities, workshops, open storage and some channelized water courses. It is normally located on low lying ground or at the base of hills and may include small and fragmented areas of residential houses and their associated agricultural land. There is little significant vegetation among this built environment, but small patches of vegetation do exist, particularly along the channelized river.
Within the Study Area for FLN NDA this LCA is mainly comprised of factory buildings, vacant land and open storage. It includes the Fanling Industrial Area that is found between Sha Tau Kok Road and Ma Wat River channel. The Sheung Shui Slaughter House, Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works and Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works, at the west of the Study Area and the open storage uses along Man Kam To road are also included.
This LCA contains man-made facilities that are able to accommodate change, particularly if they have been abandoned. Except for the significant planting along Ng Tung River, most areas in this LCA are exposed with the vegetation largely removed, resulting in a low landscape amenity. Therefore, the sensitivity of this LCA is considered to be low.
FLCA-5	Lowland Agricultural Landscape	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Refers to large areas dominated by agricultural land (active and abandoned) with scattered small villages and low-rise buildings and may also include some fishponds and irrigation ponds. This LCA is mostly found among lowlands and floodplain areas.
Within the Study Area for FLN NDA the key area of this LCA is found at Tin Ping Shan Valley and Ma Shi Po. Tin Ping Shan (Sacred Hill) Valley is located to the west of Ng Tung River and contains both abandoned agricultural fields and drained concrete fishponds, as well as some active agricultural land. Ma Shi Po agricultural land is in the lowland area located to the east of Wu Nga Lok Yeung and south of Ng Tung River. The active agricultural land is fragmented with a mixed use of villages and light industry amongst some man-made woodland and nursery. The fragmented greenery pattern extends along the southern side of Ng Tung River.
The value, quality and maturity of this LCA are medium, with many of the plots in the Ma Shi Po area now abandoned and overall the active plots being fragmented. In the right environment this LCA can accommodate reasonable change and its overall sensitivity is considered to be medium.
FLCA-6	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Low	Low	High	Low
Refers to major highway and railway areas, with their scattered associated buildings.
Within the Study Area for FLN NDA, Fanling Highway, Sha Tau Kok Road and MTRC East Railway are major transport routes stretching in a variety of directions and located at the east, west and south boundaries of the Study Area, connecting the FLN NDA with other adjacent areas.
The LCA is considered to be highly tolerant to change and its sensitivity is low.
FLCA-7	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Refers to modified water courses channelized with concrete or grasscrete and also includes some walkways along the water course and the vegetation associated with the water course, both within the channel and along the banks as well as in the ridge of the banks.
Within the Study Area of FLN NDA this LCA includes sections of Ng Tung River, Shek Sheung River, Sheung Yue River and Ma Wat River.
The landscape amenity and significance of this LCA are medium. Due to its largely man-made state, it is reasonably tolerant to change and its sensitivity is considered to be medium.

Table 12.8.1 - Magnitude of change to KTN NDA LRs

LR Code	Name	*DPs and Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LR**	Approx. Area of LR in Study Area (ha)	Area of LR affected within NDA boundary (ha) (Approx. % of this impacted)	Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)	Compatibility with Surrounding Landscape (Good /Fair /Poor)		Duration of Impact (Temporary [Short/Medium term], Permanent)		Reversibility of Change (Reversible/ Irreversible)		Magnitude of Change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible)
LR Code	Name	*DPs and Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LR**	Approx. Area of LR in Study Area (ha)		Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
KLR 1 Channelized Water Course
KLR-1.1	Ng Tung River	C2-6(O)	Length of LR in Study Area: 1450 m	Length within the NDA: 120 m Length affected: 0 m (0%)	Small	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-1.1	Ng Tung River	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Ng Tung River is mainly outside the RODP but small sections of bank lies within the open space (C2-6). This area will not be modified and it will remain compatible with these small sections of river. Therefore this LR will not be impacted by the Project and the magnitude of change is negligible.
KLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River	C1-5(GB); C1-6(AGR); C1-7, C1-8 both (O)	Length of LR in Study Area: 2260 m	Length within the NDA: 1360 m Length affected: 0 m (0%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary (Short Term)	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Shek Sheung River mainly flows outside the KTN NDA boundary but a small section of its west bank lies within the NDA boundary, in the Long Valley area, bordering agricultural land, rural development area and an area of plantation. This corresponds with where site C1-6 (agricultural land) and site C1-5 (green belt) fall. These sites will not undergo changes affecting the River. Part of the river bank is grasscrete and is also compatible with the sites C1-7, C1-8 (open space) which partially fall on it. It is unlikely this LR will be affected by the Project; therefore magnitude of change is negligible during construction and operation.
KLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River	DP3 Road P1 and P2 associated new Kwu Tung Interchange where it crosses the river; B3-3, B3-4, B3-9, C2-1, all (O); C2-2 (AGR); (C1-9 (OU-Nature Park); B3-10, C1-10 both (A); B3-5, B3-8, B3-12 all (OU-C,R&D); B3-16(OU-VC); D1-3(OU-SPS); D1-5(R4); D1-9(V)	Length of LR in Study Area: 2540 m	Length within the NDA: 2000 m Length affected: 80 m (<5%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary (Short Term)	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Negligible
KLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Sheung Yue River bisects the eastern corner of the KTN NDA and its eastern bank borders Long Valley agricultural land while its western bank borders agricultural land and rural development areas. Most of the sites impacting on this LR have similar land use to the current land use e.g. B3-3, B3-4, B3-9, C2-1, C2-6 (open space), C2-2 (agricultural land) and lie on the river grasscrete banks or adjacent to them. The proposed Long Valley Nature Park (C1-9) lies on the eastern banks of the river. All these areas act as buffers to the river and will remain unchanged. A very small section of the river bank will suffer some impact from the edge of land Sites B3-5, B3-8 and B3-12, designated for Commercial, Research and Development use, during site formation works and equally a small section of the river bank may be affected during construction of the new road leading from the Kwu Tung interchange to meet Fanling Highway. The overall magnitude of change for this LR is small during construction but during operation will be negligible.
KLR-1.4	Water Course Network in Long Valley	DP3 Road P1 and P2 associated new Kwu Tung Interchange; B3-12(OU-C,R&D), B3-14(A), C1-9(OU-NP), C1-10(A)	Length of LR in Study Area: 2270 m	Length within the NDA: 2270 m Length affected: 400 m (15 %)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Temporary (Short Term)	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
KLR-1.4	Water Course Network in Long Valley	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this network of watercourse in the Long Valley area fall within the RODP, but the majority will not be adversely affected by the Project as they fall within C1-9 designated to become a Nature Park where this network will be preserved. Nearer Fanling highway, the watercourses converge and here this LR will be affected by land use that is incompatible with it such as commercial, research and development buildings. The amenity areas (B3-14, C1-10) that affect it are associated with the new road P1 here and along with the road, during site formation, will affect the watercourse. Currently this LR leads into a box culvert and the downstream section near here also be diverted into box culverts. The magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate during construction and operation
KLR 2 Water Course
KLR-2.1	Streams in Kwu Tung	DP3 Road P1 and P2 associated new Kwu Tung Interchange; DP4 Roads D1 to D5; A1-1;A2-1, A2-10, D1-6 all (A); A1-8(R1c), A1-9(R2), A1-2, A2-2, A2-4, A2-5, A2-7, A2-9, A3-3,D1-7 all (PRH), (R1c), (R2) of (R3); A2-11 (E) A1-10, A2-3, A2-6, E1-7 all (O) B3-5(OU), B3-8(OU-C,R&D), D1-1(O), D1-2(OU-RAF), D1-4(O), D1-5(R4)	Length of LR in Study Area: 4130 m	Length within the NDA: 4130 m Length affected: 4130 m (100%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These streams are located in the central area of KTN NDA and will be impacted by sites for many different uses including mainly buildings for residential uses, a primary school, amenities, open space, railway associated facilities and commercial, research & development buildings. During construction these streams will be removed during site formation works for these sites. Overall this LR will be permanently lost due to new facilities with poor compatibility and the magnitude of change during construction and operation is large.
KLR-2.2	Natural Streams at Tai Shek Mo	G1-3 (GB)	Length of LR in Study Area: 1630 m	Length within the NDA: 500 m (0%)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-2.2	Natural Streams at Tai Shek Mo	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Most of these streams are located outside the RODP boundary and the Project will have no impact on them. Two short streams, likely to be dry during the dry season, fall within the RODP near the Lo Wu Correctional Institution, mainly amongst woodland at the foot of Tai Shek Mo. Both these streams fall in G1-3 which is designated for ‘green belt’ and therefore they will not be affected. Overall the magnitude of change during construction and operation is negligible.
KLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Ki Lun Shan	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 1410 m	Length within the NDA: 0 m	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Ki Lun Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These streams are located outside the RODP boundary and the Project will have no impact on them.
KLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Ma Tso Lung	RoadR1; E1-2(E), F1-8(AGR), E1-6(G), F1-3(OU-R&D), F1-7(O); G1-1(OU-FR), G1-9 (A), G1-3, F1-5 and H1-1 all (GB)	Length of LR in Study Area: 6500 m	Length within the NDA: 3670 m Length of LR affected: 580 m (15%)	Medium	Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
KLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Ma Tso Lung	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Major sections of the stream will not be impacted as they are located within the green belt zone (G1-3, F1-5, H1-1), Lo Wu Firing Range (G1-1), land designated for Agriculture (F1-8) and amenity area (G1-9) where no change will occur. Impacted stream sections are those within sites designated for various incompatible uses most notably the primary school (E1-2) and Research and Development buildings in support of Lok Ma Chau Loop Development (F1-3) and possibly a tiny section by the fire station cum ambulance depot (E1-6). Parts of some of the streams would be lost without mitigation during construction, but large sections of the streams have been avoided when planning the RODP through green belt designation or providing buffer zones around the stream within sites. In addition parts of the stream in conflict with the R1 road running between F1-1 and F1-3 will be diverted and overall the magnitude of change for this LR is intermediate.
KLR 3 Water Pond
KLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung Water Ponds	DP3 Road P1 and P2 associated new Kwu Tung Interchange; C2-2 (AGR); D1-9(V); D1-7 (R2)	10.24	9.96 (10%)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
	Ho Sheung Heung Water Ponds	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation One pond of this LR is outside the RODP but the majority is within and will be affected by sites C2-2, designated for agriculture and therefore likely to remain unchanged. One pond within the RODP lies within site D1-9, in the existing Ho Sheung Heung village area; it is designated for 'village type development' and also unlikely to be modified. Another reasonably large pond south of Ho Sheung Heung (~ 1 ha) will be impacted by construction of a road interchange and residential developments (D1-7). This pond will be filled during site formation works during construction and permanently lost, but given most ponds remain unaffected the overall impact on this LR is intermediate.
KLR-3.2	Long Valley Water Ponds	C1-9 (OU-Nature Park)	3.69	3.69 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-3.2	Long Valley Water Ponds	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Although all these ponds lie within the RODP, they fall within a site designated for a Nature Park (C1-9) and will therefore not be negatively affected by the Project and therefore the impact on this LR is considered to be negligible both during construction and operation.
KLR-3.3	Fung Kong Shan Water Ponds	E1-5(G-REC); A3-3(PRH)	1.12	1.12 (100%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
	Fung Kong Shan Water Ponds	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All the ponds in this LR lie within the RODP boundary and will be affected by sites designated for government sports facilities (E1-5) and public rental housing (A3-3) which are not compatible with this LR. The ponds will be filled during site formation and the magnitude of change is therefore considered to be large both during construction and operation.
KLR-3.4	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Outside RODP boundary	0.69	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-3.4	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These ponds are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
KLR-3.5	Water Ponds beside Kam Hang Road	Outside RODP boundary	0.27	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-3.5	Water Ponds beside Kam Hang Road	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These ponds are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
KLR-3.6	Water Ponds at Pak Shek Au	DP2: Castle Peak Road Division; B1-8, B1-9, B2-1 all (A); B2-2(G)	0.23	0.23 (100%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
	Water Ponds at Pak Shek Au	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The ponds of this LR are all within the RODP and will be affected by sites designated for amenities (B1-8, B1-9, B2-1) or a hospital and polyclinics (B2-2) which are not compatible with this LR. The ponds will be filled during site formation and the magnitude of change is therefore considered to be large both during construction and operation.
KLR-3.7	Water Ponds at Tit Hang	H1-1(GB)	0.20	0.06 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-3.7	Water Ponds at Tit Hang	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation One of the ponds at Tit Hang falls outside the RODP, while the other is within on a site of land designated as green belt (H1-1), so the Project will not have an impact on either of these ponds, making the magnitude of change negligible.
KLR-3.8	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	Outside RODP boundary	9.03	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-3.8	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These ponds are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
KLR-3.9	Kam Tsin Tsuen Pond	Outside RODP boundary	0.40	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-3.9	Kam Tsin Tsuen Pond	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This pond is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-3.10	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Outside RODP boundary	0.23	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-3.10	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This pond is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR 4 Marsh
KLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley	C1-9 (OU-Nature Park)	2.65	2.65 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Although all these marsh areas lie within the RODP, they fall within a site designated for ‘Nature Park’ (C1-9) and will therefore remain unchanged. Magnitude of change to this LR is considered to be negligible both during construction and operation.
KLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	C1-9(OU-Nature Park); B3-4,B3-9 both (O); B3-5 (OU-C,R&D); C1-10(A)	1.30	1.30 (20%)	Small	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Temporary Medium Term	Irreversible	Small	Small
	Mitigation Wetland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this LR lies within the RODP and roughly two thirds of it within a site designated for ‘Nature Park’ (C1-9) which will therefore not be adversely affected by the Project. One small area of this LR lies on a site designated as 'open space' along the river (B3-9) and is also unlikely to be affected by the Project. However the remaining small area will be affected by sites designated for amenities (C1-10) and commercial, research and development (B3-5), which are not compatible land uses, and this small area will be irreversibly lost during site formation works during construction. The magnitude of change to this LR is considered to be small overall at construction and operation since most of the area will remain unaffected.
KLR-4.3	Wetland/ Marsh in the Closed Area	Outside RODP boundary	4.09	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
	Wetland/ Marsh in the Closed Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These marsh areas are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
KLR-4.4	Marsh around Pai Tau Lo and Tsung Yeun	C2-2, C2-4 both (AGR)	2.10	2.10 (0 %)	Small	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
	Marsh around Pai Tau Lo and Tsung Yeun	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this LR is within the RODP boundary but falls on land designated as ‘agricultural land’ and therefore the magnitude of change due to the Project is negligible.
KLR 5 Plantation
KLR-5.1	Plantation South of Fanling Highway	Outside RODP boundary	4.87	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-5.1	Plantation South of Fanling Highway	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This plantation is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-5.2	Plantation in the Vicinity of Hakka Wai	C1-5(GB), C1-6(AGR)	6.95	4.88 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-5.2	Plantation in the Vicinity of Hakka Wai	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Roughly a third of this LR is outside the RODP boundary. Of the area within the RODP, roughly half is designated as 'green belt' (C1-5) and will not be affected. The other half is on land designated as 'agriculture' (C1-6) within Long Valley and no site formation works or construction activities are proposed here so it will not be adversely affected. Overall the magnitude of change due to the Project is negligible.
KLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Outside RODP boundary	2.65	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This plantation is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-5.4	OVTs along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road	DP1 San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway;	5 trees	All within NDA boundary; all due to be retained	Small	Fair	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
	OVTs along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The five OVTs within plantation along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road will all be retained during the Project. Although the DP1 San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway proposed alignment is in close proximity, it avoids the trees. For worst case scenario, however, works in the vicinity of the trees during construction may affect them (e.g. their roots) and therefore magnitude of change prior to any mitigation, is considered potentially small. Should the trees have been affected by the construction works, this will likely continue at operation, therefore the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is also cautiously considered to be potentially small.
KLR 6 Hillside Woodland
KLR-6.1	Ki Lun Shan Hillside Woodland	Outside RODP boundary	23.72	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-6.1	Ki Lun Shan Hillside Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-6.2	Tai Shek Mo Hillside Woodland	D1-11(R2); D1-12 (G-REC); G1-3 (GB); G1-6 (G)	5.89	4.65 (10%)	Small	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
KLR-6.2	Tai Shek Mo Hillside Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation While most of this woodland is outside the RODP boundary, some areas east of Fung Kong Shan fall within land designated Green Belt (G1-3) and woodland here will not be affected by the Project. Roughly 0.5 ha lies within D1-12 designated as a potential activities centre where adverse impact by site formation is expected. A very small area of this LR falls within D-11 designated for residential use and although it does not fall under any proposed buildings and it is likely that trees in this area could avoid impact, they may be affected during site formation works and site clearance in the construction phase. Another small area of this LR lies within the site for Lo Wu Saddle Club (G1-6) and no change to the land use will occur here, so the woodland will not be affected. Overall the land use affecting this LR is considered to be fairly compatible but given approximately 0.5 ha or less of woodland will potentially be lost, the magnitude of change is considered intermediate.
KLR-6.3	Hillside Woodland in Ma Tso Lung, Tit Hang and Fung Kong	DP4 Roads D1 to D5; E1-8, F1-6, G1-3, H1-1 all (GB); A1-10, E1-1, E1-7 all (O); G1-1, G1-2 both (OU-FR); F1-3(OU-R&D), F1-6 (GB); F1-1, E1-5 (G-REC), E1-9 (OU-RCP) A1-1, A2-1, D1-15, G1-9 (A), A1-2(PRH-LR), A2-2 (PRH), A3-4(E); B2-2, D1-14, E1-5, E1-6, F1-4 all (G)	49.93	32.90 (40%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Two patches of this woodland near Chau Tau are outside the RODP boundary and much of this LR area (particularly in the west of the NDA, but some patches further east too) lies on land designated as 'green belt' (E1-8, F1-6, G1-3, H1-1), and a tiny area on E1-7 designated as 'green spine, open space and Fung Kong Shan, cycling park'. Woodland in these areas is considered to remain unaffected by the Project and equally so in the former Ma Tso Lung landfill site (E1-1) also designated for open space. Some of this LR also lies along the edge of the Lo Wu Rifle Range (G1-2) and at this site the trees will remain as the rifle range will not be changed. Site A1-10 which also affects part of this LR and is designated as open space, is expected to be landscaped between development areas and therefore trees in this area are likely to be affected during site formation. Some of the area of this LR is on land designated for Research and Development in support of Lok Ma Chau Loop Development (F1-3) and Government Reserve (D1-14) and this land use would appear to be incompatible with the present use. About another quarter of the LR lies on sites designated for incompatible land use, such as fire station cum ambulance depot“ (E1-6), refuse collection point (E1-9), building of a standard swimming pool (E1-5), public rental housing (A1-2, A2-2), building of a primary school at the southern base of Fung Kong Shan (A3-4), building of a hospital, polyclinic and clinic and refuse collection point (B2-2) and building of amenities such as roads (A1-1, A2-1, D1-15, G1-9). Woodland in these areas will be adversely impacted with trees being cleared during site clearance and site formation in the construction phase. During operation, the land use in these sites will have changed completely and the impacts remain. Although relatively only about a third of the LR within the RODP is adversely impacted, the overall size affected is still large (about 8 ha) and so the magnitude of change is considered to be large overall.
KLR-6.4	Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland	D1-8(GB), D1-11(R2)	7.30	7.30 (<10%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
	Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this woodland falls on land designated as 'green belt' for fung shui woodland (D1-8) and will not be affected at all. Tiny patches on the borders of the woodland area may be affected by land designated for residential development (D1-11) and a road. Some trees in these small areas may be cleared during site clearance and formation in the construction phase, but this will be relatively minor and overall magnitude of change is considered small.
KLR 7 Lowland Woodland
KLR-7.1	Kwu Tung South Road Lowland Woodland	Outside RODP boundary	2.33	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-7.1	Kwu Tung South Road Lowland Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-7.2	Lowland Woodland in the Vicinity of Kam Tsin	Outside RODP boundary	10.14	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-7.2	Lowland Woodland in the Vicinity of Kam Tsin	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-7.3	Lowland Woodland in Pak Shek Au and Tong Kok	DP1: San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway Kwu Tung Section; DP2: Castle Peak Road Division; DP3 Road P1 and associated new Pak Shek Au Interchange; DP4 Roads D1 and D4; B1-3 both (GB); B1-7(OU-DCS); B1-1, B1-4, B1-6, B1-8, B1-9, B2-1, B2-3 all (A); B2-2 (G); B2-4 (IC); A1-5 (CDA); B2-5, B2-6, B2-7 all (E); A1-2 (PRH-LR), A1-4 (R1c), A2-9(R2); A1-3, A1-10 both (O)	13.63	13.63 (85%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
	Lowland Woodland in Pak Shek Au and Tong Kok	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this LR lies within the RODP boundary but about 2 ha is on land designated as green belt (B1-3) and will not be affected. The majority, however, is on land designated for land use incompatible with the current LR e.g. for the District Cooling System (B1-7), 'amenities' (B1-1, B1-4, B1-6, B1-8, B1-9, B2-1, B2-3), for a hospital, polyclinic/specialist clinic (B2-2), CLP substation (B2-4), a public transport interchange (A1-5), nursery class and kindergarten buildings (within A1-4 and A1-5), primary and secondary schools (B2-5, B2-6, B2-7), residential developments (A1-2, A1-4, A2-9) and the open spaces between buildings (A1-3, A1-10). Trees in all these areas may be lost during site clearance and formation works. The overall magnitude of change is considered large.
KLR-7.4	Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works Lowland Woodland	Outside RODP boundary	0.98	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-7.4		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-7.5	Vernon Pass Woodland	Outside RODP boundary	1.79	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-7.5	Vernon Pass Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR 8 Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic
KLR-8.1	Ki Lun Shan Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	Outside RODP boundary	21.71	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-8.1	Ki Lun Shan Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This shrubland/grassland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-8.2	Fung Kong Shan Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	DP4: KTN NDA Road D1 to D5; A3-4(E), E1-7 (O); E1-8 (GB)	10.08	10.08 (<5%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
KLR-8.2	Fung Kong Shan Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Most of this shrubland/grassland is located on site E1-8 which is designated as 'green belt', and will not be impacted at all. Very small patches on the borders of the shrubland/grassland area may be affected by site E1-7 designated for 'green spine, open space, Fung Kong Shan, Cycling Park’, a road and a school site at Site A3-4. During construction, this may be affected by some site formation work, but this will be relatively minor and given the small area and good compatibility at operation, overall magnitude of change is considered small.
KLR-8.3	Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic in Tai Shek Mo and the Western Ranges Foothills	DP3 Road P1 and P2 associated new Kwu Tung Interchange; DP4 Roads D1 and D4; and DP7 Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent (reservoir at G1-4); B1-1(A); D1-8(GB), D1-11(R2), D1-12, D1-13 both (G-REC)), D1-14(G); F1-1(G-REC), F1-2 (OU-SPS), F1-3 (OU-R&D), F1-8(AGR); F1-7(O); G1-3, H1-1 both (GB); G1-4, G1-5, G1-6 all (G)	230.40	73. 47 (15%)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Most of this shrubland/grassland is located outside the RODP boundary and the Project will have no impact on it. The majority within the RODP boundary lies on sites designated as 'green belt' (D1-8, G1-3, H1-1) and will also not be affected by the Project and a very small area falls within Lo Wu Saddle Club (G1-6) and agricultural land (F1-8) where the land use will not change either. Two sites of just under 3 ha total area designated for 'service reservoirs' (G1-4, G1-5) are located in this LR, and will require considerable site formation for their construction and affect more of this LR for the construction of their access roads. The preliminary design of the reservoirs proposes cut/ fill slopes of up to 38 m for the flushing water reservoir at G1-4, and up to 53 m for the fresh water reservoir at G1-5. At completion exposed slopes will be 32 m and 46 m respectively. The overall topography of this area will be changed as Figures 12.11.5a-d and 12.11.6-7 help illustrate. The existing vegetation in these areas will be lost although there is potential for landscaping of the reservoir roofs and cut/ fill slopes and remediation in future. In addition, sites affected by D1-14 (government reserve), F1-3 designated for Research and Development in support of Lok Ma Chau Loop development, D1-12 and D1-13 potentially designated for activity centres and F1-2 sewage pumping station may be adversely impacted by site formation works. Overall although a relatively small area is affected, given the potentially large topographical changes due to the reservoirs and their access roads, the magnitude of change is considered to be large at both construction and operation.
KLR-8.4	Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic along Sheung Yue River, Ng Tung River and Fanling Highway	C2-2, C2-5 both (AGR)	10.50	2.69 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-8.4		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This shrubland/grassland is half located outside the RODP boundary but the area within the RODP falls on land designated as 'agricultural' (C2-2, C2-5) and essentially LRs in these sites will remain unchanged. Therefore overall the Project will not affect this LR.
KLR-8.5	Fu Tei Au Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	Outside RODP boundary	4.28	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-8.5	Fu Tei Au Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This shrubland/grassland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR 9 Agricultural Land
KLR-9.1	Long Valley Agricultural Land	DP3 Road P1 and P2 associated new Kwu Tung Interchange B3-12 (OU-C,R&D); B3-9 (O), B3-14, C1-10 both (A); C1-6 (AGR), C1-9 (OU-Nature Park),	38.84	38.84 (5%)	Medium	Poor	Poor	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
KLR-9.1	Long Valley Agricultural Land	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this agricultural land lies within the RODP boundary but mostly on land designated for 'agriculture' (C1-6) or 'Nature Park' (C1-9) and there will be no land use change and no adverse impact from the Project here. However an area of roughly 2 ha lies on land designated for 'commercial, research and development' buildings (B3-12) which will cause a land use change and adversely impact this area. The magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate given the overall size of the area adversely impacted.
KLR-9.2	Ho Sheung Heung Agricultural Land	C2-1 (O), C2-2 (AGR); D1-9(V)	8.96	8.96 (5%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
	Ho Sheung Heung Agricultural Land	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this agricultural land is located within the RODP boundary, the vast majority lies on land designated for 'agriculture' (C2-2) and therefore will not suffer any changes due to the Project. A small part of it lies on C2-1 designated as ‘open space’ along Sheung Yue River and is unlikely to suffer any impacts or land use change. One section falls within the existing Ho Sheung Heung village area of site D1-9 and will experience no change. The worst case scenario is that magnitude of change to this LR will be small.
KLR-9.3	Agricultural Lands in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Tung Fong	DP3: KTN NDA Road P1 and P2 and associated new Kwu Tung Interchange and Pak Shek Au Interchange Improvement; DP4: KTN NDA Road D1 to D5; DP5 new SPS at D1-3; A1-9, A2-9, A3-6 all (R2); A1-10 (O); A2-7, A3-3 both (PRH); A2-10 (A); A2-11, A2-12, A2-13 all (E); B3-2, B3-5, B3-8 all (OU-C,D&R); B3-6, B3-7 both (A), B3-16 (OU-VC); D1-1, D1-4 both (O); D1-2 (OU-RAF); D1-6 (A); D1-5 (R4); D1-7(R2)	11.93	11.93 (100%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this agricultural land lies on land designated for development of some type, such as residential (A1-9, A2-7, A2-9, A3-3, A3-6, D1-7), railway associated facilities (D1-2), sewage pumping station (D1-3), schools (e.g. A2-11, A2-12, A2-13), commercial, research and development (B3-2, B3-5, B3-8), amenities (A2-10, B3-6, B3-7, D1-6), etc. and will be adversely affected by the Project; during construction site clearance will remove vegetation and site formation will also affect these sites. During operation the land use will have changed completely. Small areas of this LR lie on land designated as 'open space' (e.g. A1-10, D1-1, D1-4) but these are open spaces that are likely to undergo site formation prior to landscaping and as such the LR will be changed here also. Overall magnitude of change is considered large
KLR-9.4	Other Agricultural Lands in KTN	DP1: San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway Kwu Tung Section; DP2: Castle Peak Road Division; B1-8, B1-9, B2-1 all (A), B2-2(G); C1-2 (A), C1-3 (CDA), C1-4 (V).	9.05	2.75 (90%)	Medium	Poor	Poor	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
	Other Agricultural Lands in KTN	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this agricultural land lies outside the RODP boundary and will not be affected. The areas that will be affected, will be affected by site clearance and formation during construction and these include: an area near Pak Shek Au on land designated for building of a hospital (B2-2) and amenities (B1-8, B1-9, B2-1); and a small area on land designated for 'comprehensive development area' (about 1.7 ha) at (C1-3). During operation there will have been a complete land use change at these small areas. Although the majority of this LR is not affected, a sizeable area (about 3 ha) will be lost and the overall magnitude of change is considered intermediate.
KLR-9.5	Other Orchard Areas in KTN	E1-7(O), E1-8(GB); F1-1(G-REC), F1-3 (OU-R&D), F1-7(O); H1-1(GB)	9.57	1.76 (70%)	Small	Poor	Poor	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
	Other Orchard Areas in KTN	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this LR is outside the RODP boundary and will not be affected. A few small areas lie within the RODP. The areas located at Fung Kong Shan and Ma Tso Lung are designated as 'green belt' (E1-8 and H1-1) which will not be affected by the Project. The other areas within the RODP will be affected by site clearance and formation during construction and these include a small area at Ma Tso Lung on land designated for Research and Development in Support of Lok Ma Chau Loop Development (F1-3), a sports ground/ sports complex at (F1-1), open space (E1-7, F1-7) and the road R1. During operation there will have been a land use change at these small areas, apart from within the green belt but overall only approximately 1 ha of this LR will be lost, a relatively small amount, and the overall magnitude of change is considered small.
KLR 10 Open Space / Recreational Area
KLR-10.1	Hong Kong Golf Club	Outside RODP boundary	19.40	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-10.1	Hong Kong Golf Club	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The golf club is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-10.2	Sheung Shui Community Sports	DP4: KTN NDA Road D1 to D5; A3-1, A3-2 both (E); A3-3 (PRH); E1-1(O); E1-3 (G); E1-2, E1-4 both (E); E1-5 (G-REC); H1-1(GB)	10.15	10.15 (70%)	Large	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large	Intermediate
	Sheung Shui Community Sports	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A very small area of this LR falls within the site H1-1 which is designated as 'green belt' and this land will not be impacted by the Project. Approximately 3 ha of this LR will be impacted by sites designated for similar land use, such as a Standard Swimming Pool & Sports Centre at E1-5 and land designated as 'open space' at E1-1. At these sites impacts due to demolition of existing structures and site formation may be large during construction, but at operation the impact will reduce to small as the land use will be highly compatible. About 4 ha of this LR is on land designated for other less compatible land uses e.g. Primary Schools at A3-1 and E1-2, district HQ, divisional Police Station and Married Quarters and Re-provisioning of Fan Garden at E1-3, and Secondary Schools at A3-2 and E1-4. During construction, demolition of existing structures and site formation will adversely impact this LR and at operation land use will have changed to less compatible uses. Overall the Project affects most of this LR and at construction the magnitude of change is considered large. At operation although much of the land use will have changed, some of this is compatible and the overall magnitude of change is considered intermediate.
KLR-10.3	Lo Wu Saddle Club	D1-9 (V), G1-6, G1-7 both (G)	1.96	1.96 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-10.3	Lo Wu Saddle Club	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Lo Wu Saddle Club is on land designated to remain the same and will not be affected by the Project.
KLR 11 Urban Development Area
KLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	C2-4(AGR), G1-8(G)	5.83	5.76 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The government's Lo Wu Correctional Institution is on land designated to remain the same (G1-8) and will not be affected by the Project. An existing road associated with the Lo Wu correctional centre runs through Site C2-4 and equally negligible change to the road is expected. Overall the Project will cause negligible change to this LR.
KLR-11.2	Existing formation site for proposed Kwu Tung MTRC Station	DP6 Proposed Railway Station and Associated Facilities (under separate study) A1-5 (CDA); A1-6, A2-5 both (R1c); A1-10 (O); A1-11, A1-12 both (OU-RAF); A2-4(HOS); A2-7(PRH)	4.14	4.14 (<5%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This LR is on land mainly designated for the same land use (open space at A1-10 and railway associated facilities at A1-11 and A1-12) but a very small section falls on land designated for residential use with some commercial use at A1-5, A1-6 and A2-5. Due to impacts during site formation, the overall magnitude of change must be considered to be small rather than negligible.
KLR 12 Rural Development Area
KLR-12.1	Ho Sheung Heung Rural Development Area	C2-2 (AGR), C2-3 (IC); D1-1 and D1-4 both (O), D1-2 (OU-RAF), D1-3 (OU-SPS), D1-5(R4), D1-7 (R2), D1-9 (V)	18.80	18.80 (10%)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
	Ho Sheung Heung Rural Development Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Although this LR is affected by land designated for various land uses, most of it appears to be in keeping with the present land use; most of the area lies within D1-9 which is the Ho Sheung Heung village area and designated for village type development and the current basketball court at C2-3 will remain; 'open space' at D1-1 and D1-4, and low density residential use at D1-5 are also compatible land uses. The land use will change for the small area that falls within site D1-7 which is designated for denser residential development and D1-2 designated for 'railway associated facilities'. During construction, site formation will only be required at D1-7, D1-2, D1-1, D1-4 and D1-5, but the areas of these sites affecting this LR are relatively small and the magnitude of change at construction and operation is considered intermediate
KLR-12.2	Rural Development Area in Long Valley, Yin Kong, Tsung Pak Long and Hakka Wai	C1-2 (A); C1-4 (V); C1-5 (GB); C1-6 (AGR); C1-9 (OU)	23.51	15.59 (15%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Much of this LR is outside the RODP boundary and for that area inside, most of it falls on sites with designations for the same land use e.g. 'village type development' at C1-4 and ‘agriculture’ at C1-6. A small part is within site C1-9 designated as ‘nature park’ and land within this site will not be adversely impacted. A very small area borders the site designated at 'green belt' (C1-5) and this will not be adversely affected by the Project either. Site formation works are unlikely to be required at the sites affecting this LR and overall the magnitude of change is considered to be small since most land use will remain the same.
KLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Outside RODP boundary	4.07	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-12.4	Rural Development Area to the East of MTRC East Railway Line	Outside RODP boundary	4.99	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.4		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-12.5	Rural Development Area to the North of Hong Kong Golf Club	Outside RODP boundary	3.45	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.5		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-12.6	Kam Tsin Rural Development Area	Outside RODP boundary	39.49	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.6	Kam Tsin Rural Development Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-12.7	Kwu Tung Fresh Water Service Reservoir	Outside RODP boundary	1.71	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.7	Kwu Tung Fresh Water Service Reservoir	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-12.8	Rural Development Area of Europa Garden and Valais	Outside RODP boundary	27.13	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.8	Rural Development Area of Europa Garden and Valais	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-12.9	Rural Development Area in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok, Fung Kong and Tit Hang	DP1: San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway; DP2: Castle Peak Road Division;DP4 Roads D1 to D5; A1-4(R1c), A1-5(CDA), A1-9(R2), A2-2(PRH), A2-3(O), A2-4(R1c), A2-5(R1c), A1-10, A2-6, E1-7 all (O), A2-7(PRH), A2-12(E), A2-13(E), A3-3(PRH), A3-4(E), A3-6(R2), A3-7(RR4); B2-3 (A), B2-6, B2-7 both (E), B2-8(G), B2-9 (O), B2-10 (CDA); E1-5 (G-REC), E1-6 (G), E1-8 (GB), E1-9 (OU-RCP); F1-7(O); G1-2(OU-FR); H1-1(GB)	46.15	44.45 (80%)	Large	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Just under 2 ha of this LR falls outside the RODP boundary and will not be affected, similarly to the small portion that falls on sites designated as 'green belt' (E1-8, H1-1) and the very small portion that falls in G1-2 designated as ‘Lo Wu Firing Range’. However most of this LR will undergo some change from a rural development area to a more urban area with increased facilities such as a swimming pool complex (E1-5), fire station cum ambulance depot (E1-6), nursery class & kindergartens (within A1-5, A2-2, A2-4, A2-7, A3-3), primary and secondary schools (within B2-6, B2-7, A2-12, A2-13, A3-4) as well as more residential development e.g. at A1-4, A1-5, A1-9, A2-4, A2-5, A3-6, A3-7 and some public rental housing e.g. at A2-2, A2-7, A3-3. During construction, site formation works at all these sites will mean the magnitude of change is large and during operation the land use type will have changed for most of this LR, so overall the magnitude of change is also large.
KLR-12.10	Lo Wu Rifle Range	G1-1,G1-2 (both OU-FR), F1-6 (GB)	4.26	4.16 (0%)	n/a	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.10	Lo Wu Rifle Range	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The Lo Wu Rifle Range is on land designated to remain as a firing range (G1-1, G1-2) and ‘green belt’ (F1-6) therefore will not be affected by the Project.
KLR-12.11	Rural Development Area in Ma Tso Lung	F1-3 (OU-R&D); F1-5 (GB)	14.53	1.63 (90%)	Small	Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
KLR-12.11	Rural Development Area in Ma Tso Lung	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Only a small area of this LR falls with the RODP boundary and this area falls mainly on site F1-3 designated for Research and Development buildings in support of Lok Ma Chau Loop Development. This will change the land use for this small area but the compatibility is considered fair. In addition to this area being small some of this LR in the NDA boundary also falls on an area designated as Green Belt (F1-5) and the overall magnitude of change to this LR is small.
KLR-12.12	Fanling Lodge	Outside RODP boundary	0.71	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-12.12	Fanling Lodge	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Fanling Lodge is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR 13 Industrial / Open Storage
KLR-13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial Area	Outside RODP boundary	37.08	0.00	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The industrial area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
KLR-13.2	Industrial / Open Storage Area in Yin Kong	DP1: San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway; DP2: Castle Peak Road Division; DP3: KTN NDA Road P1 and P2 and associated new Kwu Tung Interchange and Pak Shek Au Interchange Improvement B3-12 (OU-C,R&D); B3-13, B3-14 both (A), B3-15 (OU-PFS); C1-1 (O); C1-9 (OU-NP); C1-11 (IC)	5.61	5.61 (90%)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large (partly beneficial)	Intermediate (partly beneficial)
	Industrial / Open Storage Area in Yin Kong	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this LR is located on sites designated for different land use such as amenities (B3-13, B3-14), Kwu Tung Vegetation Marketing and Co-operative Society (C1-11), commercial, research & development buildings (B3-12) and a petrol filling station (B3-15) and during construction, site formation works will be required with some demolition of existing structures so the magnitude of change here is considered large but partly beneficial as the land use will improve. In addition no site formation or significant change is expected during construction at C1-1 and C1-9 which are designated for open space and the nature park. At operation the land uses are fairly compatible with the current land use and enhance it in places so that overall the magnitude of change is considered intermediate but partly beneficial
KLR-13.3	Industrial / Open Storage in Shek Tsai Leng , Tong Kok and Fung Kong	A1-5 (CDA); A1-6, A1-8 (R1c); A1-7, A1-10, A2-8. A2-14 all (O); A1-9, A2-9 both (R2), A2-2, A2-7, A3-3 all (PRH); A2-10, A3-5 both (A); A2-13, A3-1, A3-2 all (E); A3-3(PRH); B2-9, B2-13, B3-1, B3-3 all (O); B2-10 (CDA), B2-11 (A), B2-12, B3-2, B3-5 all (OU); D1-6, D1-10, D1-15 all (A); D1-7, D1-11 both (R2); D1-12 and D1-13 both (G-REC), D1-14 (G); E1-7(O); E1-8, G1-3 both (GB)	56.18	56.18 (100%)	Large	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large (partly beneficial)	Large (partly beneficial)
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Some of this LR falls on sites designated as 'green belt' (E1-8, G1-3) and will not be affected. However most of this LR will undergo some change from an industrial/open storage area to being part of an urban area with many facilities such as nursery class & kindergartens (within A1-5, A1-6, A1-8, A2-7, A3-3), primary and secondary schools (within A2-13, A3-1, A3-2) as well as more residential developments e.g. at A1-5, A1-6, A1-8, A1-9, A2-9, D1-7, D1-11, potential activities centre (D1-12 and D1-13), some public rental housing e.g. at A2-2, A2-7, A3-3 and amenities e.g. at A2-10, B2-11, D1-6, D1-10, D1-15 etc. Therefore during construction, site formation works will be required with some demolition of existing structures and the magnitude of change is considered large, but partly beneficial as the land use will improve. At operation, the land use type will have changed for most of this LR, but will have been enhanced and overall the magnitude of change will remain large but partly beneficial.
KLR-13.4	Industrial / Open Storage in Pak Shek Au, Chau Tau and Foothill of Ki Lun Shan	DP1: San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway; DP2: Castle Peak Road Division; DP3: KTN NDA Road P1 and P2 and associated new Kwu Tung Interchange and Pak Shek Au Interchange Improvement; DP4 Roads D1 and D4; A1-1(A), A1-2(PRH-LR), A1-10(O), B1-1(A), B1-3(GB), B1-4(A), B1-5(OU), B1-7(OU-DCS), B1-8(A), B1-9(A), B1-10(A), B2-1(A), B2-2(G)	30.99	9.02 (100%)	Large	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large (partly beneficial)	Intermediate (partly beneficial)
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Most of this industrial/open storage area falls outside the RODP boundary and will not be affected by the Project. The area within the RODP will be affected mainly by sites designated for amenities (A1-1, B1-1, B1-4, B1-8, B1-9, B1-10, B2-1) and roads,, as well as railway associated facilities (B1-5) and plant for District Cooling System (B1-7). Some of the LR also falls on part of a site designated for residential developments (A1-2). During construction, site formation works will be required with some demolition of existing structures and the magnitude of change is considered large, but partly beneficial as the land use will improve. At operation, although the Project will affect just over 9 ha of this LR, the land use will be fairly compatible with existing, partially enhancing it and the magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate but also partly beneficial.
KLR 14 Major Transportation Corridor
KLR-14.1	Fanling Highway and nearby associated roads	DP1 San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway; DP2: Castle Peak Road Division; DP3: KTN NDA Road P1 and P2 and associated new Kwu Tung Interchange and Pak Shek Au Interchange Improvement, B1-2, B1-6, B1-8, B3-10, B3-11 all (A); B1-3(GB), B1-7(OU-DCS); C1-2(A)	Length of LR in Study Area: 3880 m	Length of LR within NDA: 2850 m Length of LR affected 2850 m (100%)	Large	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
	Fanling Highway and nearby associated roads	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Parts of Fanling Highway affected by the Project are all designated for 'amenity' use and roads and therefore the land use will not change. A sizeable area is impacted and some of the roadside planting will be cleared for the road widening work and noise barriers. Additionally the associated drainage channels will have to be modified through diversion to accommodate the new roadworks, but given the new roads will also need similar associated drainage channel and the land use is the same the overall compatibility is good. Largely due to the quantity of roadside planting, the magnitude of change is considered intermediate during construction and operation.
KLR-14.2	MTRC East Rail (to/from Lo Wu)	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 2070 m	Length within the NDA: 0 m	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLR-14.2	MTRC East Rail (to/from Lo Wu)	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This LR is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.

*Code Land Use Type

A Amenity

AGR Agriculture

C Commercial

CA Conservation Area

CDA Comprehensive Development Area

E Education

G Government

G-REC Government Recreation

GB Green Belt

HOS Home Ownership Scheme

IC Institution / Community

O Open Space

OU-C,R&D Other Specified Uses - Commercial, Research & Development

OU-DCS Other Specified Uses - District Cooling System

OU-FR Other Specified Uses - Firing Range

OU-NP Other Specified Uses – Nature Park

OU-PFS Other Specified Uses - Petrol Filling Station

OU-POFEFTS Other Specified Uses - Parking and Operation Facilities for Environmentally Friendly Transport System

OU-R&D Other Specified Uses - Research & Development

OU-RAF Other Specified Uses - Railway Associated Facilities

OU-SPS Other Specified Uses - Sewage Pumping Station

OU-STW Other Specified Uses - Sewage Treatment Works

OU-VC Other Specified Uses – Visitor Centre

PRH Public Rental Housing

PRH-LR Public Rental Housing – Local Rehousing

R1 Residential Zone 1 - highest density

R1c Residential Zone 1 - highest density - with commercial

R2 Residential Zone 2 - medium density

R2c Residential Zone 2 - medium density - with commercial

R3 Residential Zone 3 - low density

R4 Residential Zone 4 – very low density

RR4 Rural Residential (lower density & building height than R) lowest density

V Village Type Development

Table 12.8.2 - Magnitude of change to KTN NDA LCAs

LCA Code	Name	*Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LCA**	Area of LCA (ha) in Study Area	Area of LCA affected within NDA boundary (ha) (Approx. % of this impacted)	Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)	Compatibility with Surrounding Landscape (Good /Fair /Poor)		Duration of Impact (Temporary [Short/Medium term], Permanent)		Reversibility of Change (Reversible/ Irreversible)		Magnitude of Change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible)
LCA Code	Name	*Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LCA**	Area of LCA (ha) in Study Area		Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
KLCA-1	Natural Hillside Landscape	Principally 'B sites' for Commercial Research & Development Area/ Community Facilities Area but mainly B1-3 (GB);'D sites' for Tranquil Rural Residential Area but mainly D1-8 (GB); 'E sites' for Recreational Area but mainly E1-8 (GB); 'G sites' for Government Facility Area and 'H sites' for Hilly Terrain Area. A very small peripheral area is affected by 'A sites' for Town Centre & North Residential Area	307.43	90.66 (<5%)	Small	Poor	Poor	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Most of this LCA falls outside the RODP boundary but for that falling within, the majority lies on sites designated as green belt (B1-3, D1-8, E1-8, G1-3, H1-1) and will not be affected by the Project. Very small areas are affected by sites designated for other uses which are not compatible with the current character, such as government use (D1-12, D1-13, E1-2), rural residential development (A3-7), school buildings (A3-4), amenities (B1-1), railway associated facilities (B1-5). Some sites designated for water service reservoirs (G1-4, G1-5) will involve cut/ filled slopes which increase the magnitude of change for this LCA. Since the majority of this LCA will remain unaffected by the Project, the magnitude of change during both construction and operation phase is intermediate.
KLCA-2	Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape	This LCA is affected by all sites: 'A sites' for Town Centre & North Residential Area; 'B sites' for Commercial Research & Development Area/ Community Facilities Area; 'C sites' for Long Valley Ecological Area; 'D sites' for Tranquil Rural Residential Area; 'E sites' for Recreational Area; 'F sites' reserved for Research and Development; 'G sites' for Government Facility Area and 'H sites' for Hilly Terrain Area.	404.48	194.38 (85%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation While a sizeable area of this LCA falls outside the RODP boundary, a large area lies within it and will be affected by sites designated for land use that is not compatible with the current LCA e.g. amenities (A1-1, A2-1, B1-1, B1-4, B1-6, B1-8, B1-9, B2-1, B2-3, C1-2, D1-6, G1-9), railway associated facilities (B1-5), sewerage pumping station (F1-2), refuse collection point (B2-2, E1-9), fire station cum ambulance depot (E1-6), district police station (E1-3), recreational activity buildings including swimming pool complex, sports/leisure centre and potential activities centre (E1-5, F1-1, D1-13, D1-12), schools (within A2-11, A2-12, A2-13, A3-4, B2-5, B2-6, B2-7, E1-2, E1-4), public rental housing (A1-2, A2-2, A2-7, A3-3), high density residential developments, sometime with commercial uses (A1-4, A1-9, A2-4, A2-5, A2-9, A3-6, D1-7, D1-11), public transport interchange (within A1-5), hospital, polyclinic/specialist clinic (within B2-2), social and welfare facilities (B2-8), comprehensive development area (A1-5), research and development in support of the Lok Ma Chau Loop development (F1-3,) and F1-4 which is a disused school potentially designated for an Eco-tourism education centre and holiday camping or other recreational uses. There are areas that fall on sites designated for land use that is compatible with the current LCA, including on G1-1 and G1-2 (Lo Wu Firing Range), F1-8 (for Agriculture), D1-9 (Ho Sheung Heung, Hau Ku Shek Ancestral Hall, Hung Shing Temple & Pai Fung Temple and Sin Wai Nunnery in V), E1-7 (green spine, open space and Fung Kong Shan, cycling park), G1-6, G1-7 (Lo Wu Saddle Club), C1-6, C2-2, C2-4, C2-5 (Agriculture), C1-9 (Nature Park) as well as all the sites designated for green belt including B1-3, C1-5, D1-8, E1-8, F1-5, F1-6, G1-3, H1-1. Overall although much of this LCA will not be affected by the Project, a large area (over 100 ha) will be adversely impacted and undergo land use change and the overall magnitude of change is large.
KLCA-3	Urban Development Landscape	G1-8(G)	5.98	5.84 (0%)	Small	Good	Good	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
KLCA-3	Urban Development Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Lo Wu Correctional Institution has been classified as 'urban development' and is the small area of this LCA within the RODP boundary. This facility is proposed to remain the same throughout the project and therefore the impact of the Project on this LCA is considered to be negligible.
KLCA-4	Industrial Landscape	This LCA is affected by: 'A sites' for Town Centre & North Residential Area; 'B sites' for Commercial Research & Development Area/ Community Facilities Area; D sites' for Tranquil Rural Residential Area; 'E sites' for Recreational Area and slightly by 'C sites' for Long Valley Ecological Area	117.76	61.53 (100%)	Large	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate (partly beneficial)	Small (beneficial)
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this LCA falls within the RODP boundary, and will be affected by sites designated for land use that is fairly compatible with the current LCA e.g. amenities (A2-10, A3-5, B2-11, B3-13, B3-14, D1-6, D1-10, D1-15), public transport interchange (within A1-5), railway associated facilities (A1-11, A1-12), schools (within A1-5, A1-6, A1-8, A2-7, A2-11, A2-12, A2-13, A3-1, A3-2, A3-3), public rental housing (A2-2, A2-7, A3-3), comprehensive development area (A1-5, B2-10), recreational activity facilities including a standard swimming pool, sports centre (E1-5) and potential activities centre (D1-12, D1-13), residential development areas (A1-6, A1-8, A1-9, A2-4, A2-5, A2-9, A3-6, D1-7, D1-11), commercial, research & development (B2-12, B3-2, B3-5, B3-12), and government reserve (D1-14). Overall a large area will be impacted by fairly compatible land uses and the magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate but partly beneficial during construction and small beneficial overall by operation.
KLCA-5	Lowland Agricultural Landscape	All of 'A sites' for own Centre & North Residential Area; 'B sites' for Commercial Research & Development Area/ Community Facilities Area; 'C sites' for Long Valley Ecological Area; 'D sites' for Tranquil Rural Residential Area; 'F sites' reserved for Research and Development and ‘H sites’ for Hilly Terrain Area	85.93	74.51 (10%)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation While a large area of this LCA falls within the RODP boundary, a significant portion of this (over 65 ha of the 74.51 ha total within) is located on sites designated for the proposed Long Valley Nature Park (C1-9), agriculture around Long Valley (C1-6) and green belt (C1-5 in Long Valley; H1-1) and will remain unaffected or not adversely affected by the Project. Under 7.4 ha is affected by sites designated for uses incompatible with this LCA such as residential developments (A1-9, A2-9, D1-7), rural residential (D1-5), sewage pumping station (D1-3), railway associated facilities (D1-2), sport ground / sport complex (F1-1), commercial, research and development including a post office, visitor centre of Long Valley Nature Park (B3-2, B3-5, B3-8, B3-12, B3-16) and Research and Development buildings in support the Lok Ma Chau Development (F1-3) . Overall the magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate.
KLCA-6	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Principally 'B sites' for Commercial Research & Development Area/ Community Facilities Area	Length of LCA in Study Area: 6100 m	Length within NDA: 2860 m Length affected 2860 m (100%)	Medium	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
KLCA-6	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All of the LCA affected by the Project falls on land designated for 'amenities', roads and their associated structures. Almost 3km of this transportation corridor is affected by the Project and some of the roadside planting will be cleared for the road modification work so some of the green aspect of the LCA will be lost. However since the land use at operation is the same and the Fanling Highway will continue to dominate the character of the area, the overall compatibility is good. The magnitude of change is therefore considered small at construction and operation.
KLCA-7	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Both 'B sites' for Commercial Research & Development Area/ Community Facilities Area; and 'C sites' for Long Valley Ecological Area	Length of LCA in Study Area: 5080 m	Length within NDA: 2860 m Length affected: 250 m (10%)	Small	Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
KLCA-7	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this LCA within the RODP will be affected by sites designated for land use that is compatible with this LCA e.g. 'open space' which covers most of the river banks (B3-3, B3-4, B3-9, C1-7, C1-8, C2-1) and the proposed Long Valley Nature Park (C1-9). Small areas of land associated with or adjacent to the river banks will be affected by sites with incompatible designations e.g. amenities (B3-10, C1-10) and commercial research and development (B3-12) , roads and a footbridge but no actual buildings structure are currently proposed to fall on this LCA and the water course will not change trajectory. During construction, site formation at B3-10, C1-10 and B3-12 may partially impact this LCA and cause small magnitude of change and at operation the magnitude of change is also considered small.

*Code Land Use Type

A Amenity

*Code Land Use Type

A Amenity

AGR Agriculture

C Commercial

CA Conservation Area

CDA Comprehensive Development Area

E Education

G Government

G-REC Government Recreation

GB Green Belt

HOS Home Ownership Scheme

IC Institution / Community

O Open Space

OU-C,R&D Other Specified Uses - Commercial, Research & Development

OU-DCS Other Specified Uses - District Cooling System

OU-FR Other Specified Uses - Firing Range

OU-NP Other Specified Uses – Nature Park

OU-PFS Other Specified Uses - Petrol Filling Station

OU-POFEFTS Other Specified Uses - Parking & Operation Facilities for Environmental Friendly Transport System

OU-R&D Other Specified Uses - Research & Development

OU-RAF Other Specified Uses - Railway Associated Facilities

OU-SPS Other Specified Uses - Sewage Pumping Station

OU-STW Other Specified Uses - Sewage Treatment Works

OU-VC Other Specified Uses – Visitor Centre

PRH Public Rental Housing

PRH-LR Public Rental Housing – Local Rehousing

R1 Residential Zone 1 - highest density

R1c Residential Zone 1 - highest density - with commercial

R2 Residential Zone 2 - medium density

R2c Residential Zone 2 - medium density - with commercial

R3 Residential Zone 3 - low density

R4 Residential Zone 4 – very low density

RR4 Rural Residential (lower density & building height than R) lowest density

V Village Type Development

Table 12.8.3 - Magnitude of change to FLN NDA LRs

LR Code	Name	*DPs and Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LR**	Approximate Area of LR (ha) in Study Area	Area of LR affected within NDA boundary (ha) (Approx. % of this impacted)	Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)		Compatibility with Surrounding Landscape (Good /Fair /Poor)		Duration of Impact (Temporary [Short/ Medium term], Permanent)		Reversibility of Change (Reversible/ Irreversible)		Magnitude of Change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible)
LR Code	Name	*DPs and Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LR**	Approximate Area of LR (ha) in Study Area		Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)		Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
FLR 1 Channelized Water Course
FLR-1.1	Ng Tung River (Fanling District)	DP7 Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent and DP11 Further Expansion of Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works, both at A2-3; DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section where it crosses the Ng Tung River; A1-4, B1-1, B1-2, B1-5, B1-10 B2-1, B2-8, B2-10, B3-1, B3-11, C1-3, C2-1, C2-4, C2-10, C2-8, D1-2, D1-3, D2-1, D2-7, D2-10 all (O); C2-7, C2-9 both (E); A1-1, A1-2, A1-8 all (G); A1-6, B1-4 both (OU-SPS); A2-3(OU-STW); A1-5, A1-10, A2-1, A2-2, A2-4, C1-1, C1-2, D1-1 all (A)	Length of LR in Study Area: 6600 m	Length of LR within NDA: 5000 m Length of LR affected: 290 m (5%)	Small		Fair	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Ng Tung River flows through the length of this NDA and while most of the main channel will not be affected, there are sites overlapping with this LR along its grasscrete banks or adjacent to the banks. All of these sites except one or two, however, have similar land use to the current land use, i.e. open space (A1-4, B1-1, B1-2, B1-5, B1-10, B2-1, B2-8, B2-10, B3-1, B3-11, C1-3, C2-1, C2-4, C2-10, D1-2, D1-3, D2-1, D2-7). The open space at C2-8 where a small nullah of this river lies, is designated a Town Park with facilities for e.g. football, volleyball, tennis etc. Unless mitigated, the nullah here (~600 m) may be affected by the Project. The periphery of sites A1-1, A1-2 and A1-8 in the west of the NDA, which are designated for government use (existing CLP substation and existing WSD raw water pumping station; Police Driving and Traffic Complex) may impact this LR, but since the river channel is at the edges of the sites, the areas affected will be very small, (with the exception of A1-8 which covers a short (~250 m) tributary to the river). Similarly the impact of the Sewage Pumping Stations at A1-6 and B1-4, Primary School at C2-7, Secondary School at C2-9 and the new road complex will only affect a small area of this LR and this will again mainly be at construction stage during site formation. Sites A2-1, A2-2 designated for 'amenities' may affect a slightly larger area (<1.4 ha) as well as routes along the river also designated as Amenities (A1-5, A2-4, A1-10, C1-1, C1-2, D1-1 amounting to <1.4ha) and the further expansion of the Sewage Treatment Works at A2-3 may also have an impact on a larger area of the banks and adjacent. Impacts at these sites will be during site formation initially but at operation land use will have changed only for a small area adjacent to the river itself.
		Overall although a significant area of this LR lies within the RODP, only a small length of this will potentially be affected by the Project. Since the main river channel will hardly be affected, the magnitude of change is small at construction and operation.
FLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River	DP7 Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent and DP11 Further Expansion of Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works, both at A2-3	Length of LR in Study Area: 2400 m	Length of LR within NDA: 380 m Length of LR affected: 150 m (40%)	Small		Poor	Poor	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A small area of the Shek Sheung River bank in the west of the NDA may be affected by site A2-3 designated to contain an expansion of the existing Sewage Treatment Works and B3-4 and B3-5 for school. Any impacts would initially be at site formation but given the small area affected the magnitude of change would only be small. At operation, although this is not a compatible land use with the current LR, the area affected is very small and overall the magnitude of change is small also.
FLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 700 m	Length within the NDA: 0 m	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This section of the river is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-1.4	Ma Wat River	DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section where it runs adjacent to the River; D1-4, D1-5 both (O), D1-6(G and part of DP12 Reprovision of Wholesale Market’), D2-17(A)	Length of LR in Study Area: 3600 m	Length of LR within NDA: 960 m Length of LR affected: approx. 250 m (25%)	Medium		Poor	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large	Intermediate
FLR-1.4	Ma Wat River	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Ma Wat River flows along the north eastern boundary of the RODP and two sites that affect it, D1-4 and D1-5, are designated for open space. Part of D1-6 however falls on this LR and this existing ‘North District Temporary Wholesale Market for Agricultural Produce’ is part of DP12 to undergo re-provisioning. The very small area of D1-6 that affects this LR (<0.3 ha) may mean some of the vegetation in the vicinity of the river banks would be cleared during re-provisioning of the market but at operation the main market building is not on this LR. However for the construction of the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section (DP10) most of this stretch of Ma Wat River will have to be diverted and the impacts of this are fully assessed in the DP Package 12D. Overall this LR will mainly be affected by the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section and the magnitude of change is considered to be large at construction when the diversion takes place. The river is already channelized however and at operation will flow through a similar channelized section, so the magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate.
FLR-1.5	Water Course through Ma Shi Po Agricultural Land	D2-2(HOS), D2-3(O), D2-4(R2), D3-5(O), D3-6(R1c), D3-8(PRH), D3-9(A)	Length of LR in Study Area: 500 m	Length of LR within NDA: 500 m Length of LR affected: approx. 500 m (100 %)	Large		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
FLR-1.5	Water Course through Ma Shi Po Agricultural Land	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The whole length of this watercourse falls within the NDA in areas with incompatible use such as residential use as well as roads (part of the local distributor road L1). The watercourse will be lost during site formation, even in land designated as ‘open space’ as this is open space between new buildings and not passive open space and hence still incompatible. Overall the magnitude of change is large during construction and operation.
FLR 2 Water Course
FLR-2.1	Natural Stream in Tin Ping Shan Agricultural Land	B3-2, B3-3, B3-7 all either PRH or R2, B3-4(E)	Length of LR in Study Area: 400 m	Length of LR within NDA: 400 m Length of LR affected: approx. 400 m (100%)	Large		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
FLR-2.1	Natural Stream in Tin Ping Shan Agricultural Land	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This stream in the western area of FLN NDA amongst the agricultural land at Tin Ping Shan (Sacred Hill), will be impacted by three sites all designated for high to medium density residential use. A distributor road and the access road to these sites will also affect the stream and it will be filled during site formation and replaced by a water drainage system. Overall the magnitude of change during construction and operation is large.
FLR-2.2	Natural Stream at Cham Shan	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 580 m	Length within the NDA: 0 m	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-2.2	Natural Stream at Cham Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This stream is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
FLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Lung Shan	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 1150 m	Length within the NDA: 0 m	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Lung Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These streams are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
FLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Siu Hang San Tsuen	DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section; D1-3 (O)	Length of LR in Study Area: 1500 m	Length of LR within NDA: 160 m Length of LR affected: approx.100 m (60%)	Medium	Poor		Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Reversible	Small	Small
FLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Siu Hang San Tsuen	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The stream at the lowland area of Wa Shan will not be affected as it falls outside the RODP boundary. Only the downstream area of the stream at Siu Hang San Tsuen falls within the footprint of RODP and will be affected by the site designated for the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section but it is unlikely to be affected by the development which the site is designated as open space (D1-3). A 10m wide vegetated buffer in the open space will be provided to the stream. Fanling Bypass will be an elevated viaduct over the section close to the stream and should avoid directly impacting it and causing any loss of the stream. It is expected that the intensity of sunlight that can reach the stream area will be reduce by the viaduct and as a result the growing conditions of riparian plants and the landscape quality provided by such riparian plants, will be reduced. Overall, the magnitude of change during construction and operation is small.
FLR 3 Water Pond
FLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley Water Ponds	Outside RODP boundary	4.54	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley Water Ponds	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These ponds are located outside the FLN RODP boundary and therefore are not affected by the FLN NDA.
FLR-3.2	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	Outside RODP boundary	4.98	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-3.2	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These ponds are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
FLR-3.3	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	A1-3 (AGR); A1-4 (O); A1-8 (G)	2.44	2.44 (5%)	Large		Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Most of these ponds will be affected by a site designated for Agricultural land (A1-3) and they will not be adversely affected by the Project. Part of one pond falls on a site designated for open space (A1-4) which is also scheduled to have a 'Man Ming Temple' on it but currently the temple does not fall on the pond area and therefore the pond will be retained. One very small pond falls within a site for the Police Driving and Traffic Training Complex (A1-8) and this will be lost during site formation. Since the majority of these ponds in the NDA will remain unchanged by the Project, the magnitude of change at construction and operation is small. .
FLR-3.4	Water Ponds in Eastern Rural Area	Outside RODP boundary	0.33	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-3.4	Water Ponds in Eastern Rural Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These ponds are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
FLR-3.5	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Outside RODP boundary	0.37	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-3.5	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These ponds are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
FLR 4 Marsh
FLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley and near Tsung Yeun	Outside RODP boundary	1.67	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley and near Tsung Yeun	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation These marshes are located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on them.
FLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	DP9 Fanling Bypass Western Section; A1-7(CA), A1-11(G); B1-2, B1-5, B2-8, B2-9, B2-10 all (O); B1-6(A); B3-8(O for cycle parking area); B3-10 (E); B1-7, B2-11, B3-9 all R2 or PRH, C2-9(E)	5.70	5.27 (45%)	Large		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
FLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation There are six main mitigation wetland areas along Ng Tung River within the RODP. One of them of approximately 1 ha lies within site A1-7 designated as Conservation Area and possible site for an egretry relocation, and another similar sized area of this LR lies wholly within B1-2 which is designated as open space. It is unlikely that the wetland in these sites will be affected by the Project. Part of the remaining four wetland areas are affected both by sites designated as open space which is unlikely to affect the LR (B1-2, B1-5, B2-8, B2-9, B2-10), and by sites designated for incompatible uses such as weapons training division, residential, secondary school, amenities, open space for cycle parking area and education facilities (A1-11, B1-7, B2-11, B3-9, B3-10, B1-6, B3-8, C2-9). Part of this LR will also be affected by the Fanling Bypass Western Section which is at grade at the relevant locations of overlap. For the incompatible uses, the wetland in these areas will be irreversibly lost during site formation, largely due to filling. Given the worst case scenario is that over half of this LR will remain unaffected, however, the magnitude of change is large at construction and operation.
FLR 5 Plantation
FLR-5.1	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Outside RODP boundary	3.87	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-5.1	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This plantation is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-5.2	Ha Pak Tsuen Plantation	Outside RODP boundary	1.10	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-5.2	Ha Pak Tsuen Plantation	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This plantation is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of On Kwok Villa and Noble Hill	C2-8 (O)	3.35	0.27 (50%)	Small		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-5.3		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Only a very small area of this LR falls within the RODP and of this, roughly half will be affected by a site designated for open space (C2-8) and a distribution road. Since the open space is intended to be a Town Park with facilities for e.g. football, volleyball, tennis etc. the worst case scenario is that the trees in this area will be cleared and lost during construction. Overall given the very small area adversely affected, the magnitude of change is considered to be small at construction and operation.
FLR 6 Hillside Woodland
FLR-6.1	Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works Hillside Woodland	A1-3, A1-9 both (AGR);	4.82	0.64 (60%)	Small		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-6.1		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A small area of this LR is located within the RODP, affected by sites A1-3, and A1-9 which are designated as Agricultural land which is compatible with this LR. Since the majority of this LR in the Study Area will remain unaffected, the overall magnitude of change is small.
FLR-6.2	Cham Shan and Wa Shan Hillside Woodland	DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section; B1-7 (R2), B1-8 (R4), B1-9 (R3);	60.24	2.87 (>95%)	Medium		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
FLR-6.2	Cham Shan and Wa Shan Hillside Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Although a relatively small area of this LR falls within the RODP, most of it lies on sites designated for incompatible land use such as low density residential zones (B1-9), medium residential zone (B1-7) or rural residential (B1-8). Trees are likely to be removed during site clearance and formation, having a large impact and at operation land use will have permanently changed. A small area of this LR further to the south east of Ng Tung River will be adversely affected by the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section. Overall, a relatively small area is affected, but in case a large number of trees are adversely affected, the magnitude of change is considered large.
FLR-6.3	Ma Wat Wai Hillside Woodland	Outside RODP boundary	3.83	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-6.3	Ma Wat Wai Hillside Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-6.4	Hillside Woodland at Lung Shan and Wa Mei Shan	D4-1 (G)	23.28	0.04 (100%)	Small		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-6.4	Hillside Woodland at Lung Shan and Wa Mei Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A very small area of this LR is located within the RODP, in site D4-1 which is the proposed area for the Fanling North Flushing Water Service Reservoir. The trees in this very small area may be affected during site clearance and formation for D4-1 and topographical changes by filling and cutting slope up to 62 m (Figure 12.12.7), although the height of slope to be expose by completion is 56 m. However the majority of this LR will remain unaffected by the Project and the overall magnitude of change is considered to be small.
FLR 7 Lowland Woodland
FLR-7.1	Vernon Pass Woodland	Outside RODP boundary	1.38	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-7.1	Vernon Pass Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-7.2	Lowland Woodland at Fu Tei Au and Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works	A1-3 , A1-9 (AGR); A1-7(CA); A1-8 (G), A1-6 (OU-SPS)	4.89	3.78 (40%)	Large		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
FLR-7.2		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation About three quarters of this LR falls within the RODP and just over a third of this is on sites designated for land use that is incompatible with the current use e.g. a Police Driving and Traffic Complex (A1-8) and sewage pumping station (A1-6). During construction, site clearance and site formation will impact particularly on the trees here. The other third of the LR falls within sites A1-3 and A1-9 which are designated as agricultural and the LR may remain unaffected here. Overall given the small area affected but taking into account the loss of some trees, the magnitude of change is considered intermediate.
FLR-7.3	Hung Kiu San Tsuen Lowland Woodland	DP9 Fanling Bypass Western Section; A1-11(G)	5.20	0.31 (100%)	Small		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-7.3	Hung Kiu San Tsuen Lowland Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Only a very small area of this LR falls within the RODP, all of which will be affected by elements of the Project that are incompatible such as roads and interchange and a weapons training division (A1-11). Woodland here will be cleared prior to site formation. Since the area affected is so small, despite the lack of compatibility, the overall magnitude of change is considered to be small.
FLR-7.4	Sacred Hill Lowland Woodland	B3-9(R2), B3-10(E), B3-12(E)	2.22	1.36 (100%)	Small		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
	Sacred Hill Lowland Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A small area of this woodland lies within the RODP, falling across various sites which are designated for incompatible uses such as medium density residential area (B3-9), school (B3-10, B3-12) as well as part of the distributor road. In these sites, site clearance and formation work will affect the trees which will be lost, and at operation this LR will have been lost. Overall the affected area is small, but incase intermediate numbers of trees have to be removed, the magnitude of change is considered intermediate.
FLR-7.5	Ling Hill and Ling Shan Tsuen Lowland Woodland	Outside RODP boundary	6.88	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-7.5	Ling Hill and Ling Shan Tsuen Lowland Woodland	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This woodland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR 8 Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic
FLR-8.1	Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic West and along Sheung Yue River and Ng Tung River	Outside RODP boundary	6.82	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-8.1		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This shrubland/grassland is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-8.2	Fu Tei Au Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	Outside RODP boundary	16.82	0.40 (100%)	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Small	Small
FLR-8.2	Fu Tei Au Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Only a very small area of this LR falls within the RODP and of this, it is mainly along existing road. Since the road is unlikely to be affected by the Project the magnitude of change is considered to be small at worst during construction and operation.
FLR-8.3	Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic at Cham Shan and Wa Shan	DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section; A3-1 (G)	112.68	0.63 (100%)	Small		Poor	Poor	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
FLR-8.3	Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic at Cham Shan and Wa Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A small area of this LR is located within the RODP in site A3-1 which is the proposed for the Fanling North Fresh Water Service Reservoir. The preliminary design of the reservoir and its access road suggests the site formation work required will affect a small area of this LR here (<1.0 ha). The highest proposed cut/ fill slopes will be 24 m with a maximum 40 degree angle for all slopes. The exposed slope at completion will be up to 18 m high as some of it will be underground. There will be some topography changes in this area as Figures 12.12.6 and 12.12.8 help illustrate. The existing vegetation in this area will also be lost during construction. At operation this small area will be incompatible with the current LR unless mitigation designs such as green roof are implemented. A small (<0.1 ha) part of this LR at the north east of Ng Tung River will also be adversely affected by the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section. Another very small part of this LR (<0.1 ha) near residential zone B1-7 currently lies along the existing road and is unlikely to be affected. A small area of this LR will be affected by the Project, but given the topographical changes, the overall magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate.
FLR-8.4	Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic at Lung Shan	DP7 Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent; D4-1 (G)	22.12	1.44 (100%)	Small		Poor	Poor	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
	Shrubland / Grassland Mosaic at Lung Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A small area of this LR is located within the RODP, all in site D4-1 which is the proposed site for the Fanling North Flushing Water Service Reservoir. The area is close to the existing Fresh Water Service Reservoir at north Tong Hang Tung and adjacent to the existing access road. The preliminary design of the reservoir and its access road, suggests the site formation work required will affect a small area of this LR (<1.5 ha). The highest proposed cut/ fill slopes for the reservoir will be 62 m with a maximum 40 degree angle for all slopes. The exposed slope at completion will be up to 56 m high as some of the slope will be underground. There will therefore be some topography changes in this area, but the highest cut slope in this area is located on a slope with steep existing topography as Figures 12.12.7 and 12.12.9 help illustrate. The existing shrubland/ grassland in this area will also be lost during construction although there is potential for landscaping of the reservoir roofs and cut/ fill slopes and remediation in future. At operation this small area will be largely incompatible with the current LR and will have changed land use. Despite the relatively small size of the area affected, the topographical changes are considered large, mainly due to their being an up to 62 m cut/fill slope above the reservoir within the hillside (although the hillside here is already steep). Overall the worst case scenario considers the magnitude of change is large during construction and operation.
FLR 9 Agricultural Land
FLR-9.1	Agricultural Lands in Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley	Outside RODP boundary	12.22	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-9.1	Agricultural Lands in Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This agricultural land is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-9.2	Fu Tei Au Agricultural Land	A1-8(G), A1-9 (AGR); A1-10 (A)	3.61	3.61 (75 %)	Large		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
FLR-9.2	Fu Tei Au Agricultural Land	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this patch of agricultural land around Fu Tei Au falls within the RODP and will mainly be impacted by sites with incompatible uses such as a Police Driving and Traffic Complex (A1-8) as well as road works and amenity use at A1-10. Agricultural land will be impacted here during site clearance and site formation. About one fourth of this LR can be preserve as agriculture land (A1-9) where no adverse impact is expected. During operation, the land use will have been mainly changed to incompatible uses except the area fall in A1-9. Although the area is not large, since essentially all this LR will be affected by incompatible elements of the Project, the magnitude of change is considered to be large.
FLR-9.3	Agricultural Land between Ng Tung River and Shek Sheung River	Outside RODP boundary	2.69	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-9.3		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This agricultural land is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-9.4	Tin Ping Shan Tsuen Agricultural Land	B3-6 (R2c) B3-7, B3-9 both (R2) B2-6, B2-11, B2-12, B3-3, B3-2 all (PRH); B3-4, B3-5, B3-10, B3-12 all (E), B2-8, B2-9, B2-10, B3-8 all (O)	14.13	12.80 (>95%)	Large		Poor	Fair	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
	Tin Ping Shan Tsuen Agricultural Land	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this LR falls within the RODP boundary and will be affected by sites with incompatible uses such as residential zones, one including a public transport interchange (B3-6, B3-7, B3-9); educational areas including Primary and Secondary Schools as well as Nursery and Kindergarten (B3-4, B3-5, B3-10, B3-12); public rental housing area (B2-6, B2-11, B2-12, B3-2, B3-3), the open spaces between these sites (B2-9, B3-8) and the distributor roads. At these sites, site clearance and site formation during the construction period will remove the agricultural land and at operation the land use will have changed to incompatible uses. Very small areas of this LR with the RODP lie within sites designated for open space along the river front (B2-8, B2-10) where the use may be more compatible with the current LR, but overall given the majority of the area will be affected by incompatible elements of the Project, the magnitude of change is large.
FLR-9.5	Agricultural Land at Sheung Shui Wa Shan	DP9 Fanling Bypass Western Section; DP13 New SPS at B1-4 (OU-SPS); B1-2, B1-10 both (O); B1-6 (A); B1-7 (R2); A1-11(G)	8.47	2.48 (100%)	Medium		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
FLR-9.5	Agricultural Land at Sheung Shui Wa Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Under half of this LR falls within the RODP boundary but this small area is affected by roads and sites designated for incompatible land uses such as a Weapon Training Division (A1-11), a residential zone (B1-7) and amenities (B1-6). The agricultural land will be lost during site clearance and site formation here, and by operation this area of LR will be converted to incompatible land uses. Given the relatively small area however and absence of many trees on agricultural land, overall the magnitude of change is considered intermediate.
FLR-9.6	Agricultural Land in Wu Nga Lok Yueng, Siu Hang San Tsuen, Siu Hang Tsuen and Shek Wu San Tsuen	DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section; D2-2, D3-1b all (HOS), D3-1a (R1), D3-4, D3-6, D3-7, D3-3, D3-1c all (R1c), D2-12,D2-4 (R2), D2-9, D2-6, D3-8 (PRH); C2-7, C2-9, D3-11, D3-12 all (E); D2-3, D2-5, D2-8, D2-11, D3-5, D3-10 (O between built areas): C2-8(O for Town Park); D2-13, D3-2, D3-9, D3-13 both (A); D2-14 (G):, D1-2, D1-3, D2-10, D1-4, D1-5 (O by river channel)	36.76	30.68 (95%)	Large		Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this LR falls within the RODP boundary and this is an area generally designated for comprehensive development. Most sites affecting this LR are incompatible with agriculture, such as: residential zones (D2-2, D2-4, D2-6, D2-9, D2-12, D3-1a, D3-1b, D3-1c, D3-3, D3-4, D3-6, D3-7, D3-8); educational areas including Primary and Secondary Schools as well as Nursery and Kindergartens (within D2-9, D3-4, D3-6, D3-8 which are residential overall, as well as specifically in C2-7, C2-9, D3-11 and D3-12); Community facilities including an integrated vocational and rehabilitation service centre, neighbourhood elderly community centre, residential home for elderly, post office and public transport interchange (within D3-8, D2-9). A small proportion of the LR falls in sites designated for open space between buildings in the developed area (D2-3, D2-5, D2-8, D2-11, D3-5, D3-10) as well as a Town Park at (C2-8) and land use here will change permanently, although it may be slightly more compatible with the current LR. A small area of this LR falls within sites D1-2, D1-3, D1-4, D1-5 and D2-10 which is designated as open space of no determined use but of these area, those falling within sites designated as open space near the river may be fairly compatible at operation. Overall the large area affected by incompatible elements of the Project will undergo large changes during site clearance and formation works and the magnitude of change is large.
FLR-9.7	Agricultural Land South of Sha Tau Kok Road	Outside RODP boundary	8.95	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-9.7	Agricultural Land South of Sha Tau Kok Road	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This agricultural land is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR 10 Open Space / Recreational Area
FLR-10.1	North District Sports Ground	Outside RODP boundary	6.19	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-10.1	North District Sports Ground	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This LR is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR 11 Urban Development Area
FLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Outside RODP boundary	2.91	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This LR is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-11.2	Sheung Shui Urban Development Area	C2-2, C2-8 both (O)	48.33	0.75 (100%)	Small		Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Negligible
FLR-11.2	Sheung Shui Urban Development Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Very small patches of this LR are located at the RODP boundary and the sites affecting it are designated for compatible uses (open space at C2-2, C2-8). During construction of open space, some site clearance including demolition of existing structures may be required as well as some site formation and the magnitude of change is considered small given the area affected. Once operational, the open space is considered integral to an urban development area and therefore the same land use as previously and the impact is negligible.
FLR-11.3	Fanling Urban Development Area	D2-13, D3-2 all (A); D2-14(G)	41.20	1.25 (<5%)	Small		Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Negligible
FLR-11.3	Fanling Urban Development Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A very small area of this LR is located at the RODP boundary along Ma Sik Road and since this road will remain there will be no adverse impact here. A little further east the LR minimally overlaps with D2-13 and D3-2 designated for amenities (road/cycle path) and D2-14 designated for unspecified government use, both of which are compatible with the current LR. Overall magnitude of change is considered small during construction but once operational there will be no change to the resource use and the impact is negligible.
FLR 12 Rural Development Area
FLR-12.1	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Outside RODP boundary	2.64	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-12.1	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-12.2	Rural Development Area in the Vicinity of Fu Tei Au	A1-3, A1-9 (AGR);A1-5 (A), A1-4 (O); A1-2 (G)	8.15	6.47 (10%)	Small		Fair	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-12.2	Rural Development Area in the Vicinity of Fu Tei Au	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this LR lies within the RODP boundary and will mainly fall into sites A1-3 and A1-9 designated for agriculture which will therefore not adversely affect the LR. One small area will be affected by a proposed WSD facility at A1-2. Site clearance and formation will be necessary, possibly with some demolition of existing structures and at operation the new land use would not be compatible with the existing. A smaller area will be affected by a site designated for an open space (A1-4) and roadside amenity A1-5, and these land uses are considered to be compatible with the existing LR. Since in total only about 0.6 ha will be affected by incompatible elements of the Project, the magnitude of change is small.
FLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in the North of FLN NDA	A3-1 (G)	7.59	1.17 (100%)	Small		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
FLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in the North of FLN NDA	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A small area of this LR will be affected by site A3-1 which is proposed as the Fanling North Fresh Water Service Reservoir and its access road. The LR here is mainly composed of the existing Firing Range with Fresh Water Service reservoir underneath and its access road, and has undergone some site formation already for the construction of these structures. The preliminary design of the new reservoir and its access road, suggests the site formation work required will affect a relatively small area of this LR here. The proposed highest cut/ fill slopes will be 24 m with a maximum 40 degree angle for all slopes and the exposed slope at completion will be up to 18 m high. There will therefore be some topography changes in this area as Figures 12.12.6 and 12.12.8 help illustrate. During construction some demolition or removal of existing structures may be required, along with site formation and despite the area affected being small, the magnitude of change to this LR type is considered to be intermediate at construction, mainly due to the topographical changes. At operation, the reservoir is fairly compatible with the current LR but the overall magnitude of change is considered to remain intermediate.
FLR-12.4	Rural Development Area in Sheung Shui Lowland Area	Road south of B3-10 (E);	35.70	0.13 (100%)	Small		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-12.4	Rural Development Area in Sheung Shui Lowland Area	Only a very small area of this LR falls within the RODP and it will be adversely affected by the road along a secondary school (B3-10). Since the area going to be affected by the road is very small and the Project here is fairly compatible, the magnitude of change is considered to be small during construction and operation.
FLR-12.5	Wa Shan Rural Development Area	DP9 Fanling Bypass Western Section; B1-8 (R4) C1-3, D1-3 both (O)	22.65	0.88 (100%)	Small		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
FLR-12.5	Wa Shan Rural Development Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Of the small area of this LR that falls within the RODP boundary, most lies within sites designated to be Fanling Bypass Western Section and open space (C1-3, D1-3). During construction at these sites, some site clearance and formation works may be required but given the relatively small area of LR affected, the magnitude of change is considered small. About 0.5 ha lies within site B1-7 which is designated for rural residential development which is fairly compatible with this LR. The magnitude of change is, at worst, small.
FLR-12.6	Lung Yeuk Tau Rural Development Area	Outside RODP boundary	54.07	0.00	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-12.6	Lung Yeuk Tau Rural Development Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The rural development area is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-12.7	Rural Development Area at Wo Hop Shek and Lung Shan	D4-1 (G)	30.99	0.04 (0%)	Small		Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Negligible
FLR-12.7	Rural Development Area at Wo Hop Shek and Lung Shan	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A very small area of this LR falls in site D4-1, which is the proposed area for the Fanling North Flushing Water Service Reservoir. The affected area is currently a road and is unlikely to change in LR type so the magnitude of change is considered negligible.
FLR-12.8	Rural Development Area at Ma Shi Po	DP13 New SPS C2-3(OU-SPS); D2-9, D3-8 both (PRH); D2-2 (HOS); D3-3, D3-4, D3-6, D3-7 all (R1c), D2-4, D2-12(R2), C2-7, D3-11, D3-12 all (E); D2-13, D3-13 both (A); C2-5, C2-6 both (G); C2-8, C2-10, D2-8, D2-11, D3-5, D3-10 all (O)	12.72	12.72 (100%)	Large		Poor	Poor	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
FLR-12.8	Rural Development Area at Ma Shi Po	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation All this LR falls within the RODP boundary. Approximately 85% will be affected by sites designated for uses such as: government uses e.g. Sewage Pumping Station (C2-3), General Clinic/Health Centre (C2-5), Social Welfare Centre and Sports/Leisure Centre (C2-6); residential zones, some with commercial uses included (D2-12, D3-3, D3-4, D3-6, D3-7); public rental housing and HOS (D2-9, D3-8, D2-2); and educational developments (C2-7, D3-11, D3-12) and part of the main distributor road and associated amenity planting (D2-13, D3-13). Site clearance and formation works at all these sites will be necessary and impact this LR and during operation the new land use would be incompatible with the current LR. Some (approximately 5%) of this LR will be affected by sites designated to be open space (C2-10, D2-11, D3-5, D3-10) and about 10% of this LR lies within the designated site for Town Park (C2-8). Proposed recreational facilities included football pitch, volleyball court, tennis court grass pitches and a mini soccer court. Site clearance and formation work for these open spaces and town park will still be required here during construction causing impacts, despite the sites being more compatible with the existing LR at operation. Overall the compatibility of the Project with this LR is poor and given the area affected the magnitude of change is large.
FLR-12.9	Wu Nga Lok Yeung and Ling Shan Tsuen Rural Development Area	D3-1a (R1), D2-2, D3-1b both (HOS), D3-1c (R1c); D3-2, D3-9 all (A)	10.38	5.65 (95%)	Medium		Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
FLR-12.9		Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Of all this LR within the Study Area, approximately half falls within the RODP boundary and will mainly be affected by sites designated as residential zones (D3-1a, D2-2, D3-1b, D3-1c) and part of the main distributor road. D3-1 largely falls on an area that currently hosts an abandoned development of some flats. These may need to be demolished and removed prior to site formation during construction phase but at operation the Project will be compatible here and land use will not change essentially, if anything improving it. In D2-2 the Project is less compatible as the existing development is more rural and will be affected by site formation works and the new built structures. A small area also falls within sites D3-2 and D3-9 which are designated as amenity areas which will be fairly compatible by operation. Overall the Project will be fairly compatible and since a medium area will be affected overall, the magnitude of change is considered intermediate.
FLR 13 Industrial / Open Storage
FLR-13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial / Open Storage Area	DP7 Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent at A2-3; DP9 Fanling Bypass Western Section; DP11 Further Expansion of Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works at A2-3 (OU-STW), DP13 New SPS at B2-3 (OU-SPS); A1-8, A1-11, B2-4 all (G); A1-9 (AGR) B2-2(OU-POFEFTS); B2-5(IC); B2-6, B2-7, B2-11, B2-12 all (PRH); B1-1, B1-2, B2-1, B2-8, B2-9 all (O); B2-4(G)	70.03	17.57 (100%)	Medium		Poor	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Large (partly beneficial)	Intermediate (partly beneficial)
FLR-13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial / Open Storage Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The area of this LR that falls within the RODP boundary is largely open storage, car parks and warehouses. For the affected area north of Ng Tung River, this lies within sites designated for a Police Driving and Traffic Complex (A1-8), Fanling Bypass Western Section and a Weapons Training Division (A1-11). During construction at these sites, the sites will be cleared of their existing structures and some site formation work will be necessary. By operation these site will be fairly compatible with the current LR. For the area south of Ng Tung River, this will mainly be affected by sites A2-3 (designated for a part of the further expansion of the Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works and Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent), B2-2 and B2-4 (potentially designated for Parking & Operation Facilities for Environmental Friendly Transport System), B2-4 (a government reserve), B2-6, B2-11, B2-7 and B2-12 (public rental housing with Nurseries and Kindergarten) and B2-5 (a CLP substation). Again during construction existing structures will be removed and site formation will be necessary but by operation the sites are considered fairly compatible with the existing LR. A small part of this LR lies in the sites designated for open space (B1-2, B2-1, B2-8 and B2-9) as well as agricultural land (A1-9), where no adverse impact is expected. Overall a reasonable area of this LR is affected by the Project, and at construction the magnitude of change is large due to site clearance work etc but the change in land use will partially improve the LR. At operation, the land uses will be fairly compatible with the existing, even enhancing it in places, and the magnitude of change is intermediate (partly beneficial).
FLR-13.2	Fanling Industrial Area	DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section; DP12 Re-provision of Temporary Wholesale Market at D1-6; D2-15, D2-16 both (G); D2-17 (A)	16.08	2.65 (100%)	Small		Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small (mainly beneficial)	Small (beneficial)
	Fanling Industrial Area	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The area of this LR that falls within the RODP boundary is mainly a covered Temporary Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products currently. It falls within two sites which are considered compatible: D1-6 designated for the North District Temporary Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products and Site D2-15 designated as government reserve and re-provisioning of Public Toilet and Government Refuse Collection Point. Site D2-16 is designated for government reserve which at worst will be fairly compatible. Some of the area will be affected by a new road connecting to a roundabout on Sha Tau Kok Road and D2-17 is designated as an amenity area; both these are considered fairly compatible uses with the existing industrial area. Overall the elements of the Project affecting this LR are compatible and also given the small area affected, the magnitude of change is small and mainly beneficial during construction and overall beneficial at operation.
FLR 14 Major Transportation Corridor
FLR-14.1	MTRC East Rail	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 1700 m	Length of LR affected: 0 m	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-14.1	MTRC East Rail	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This section of the MTRC is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-14.2	Sha Tau Kok Road (Lung Yeuk Tau)	DP10 Fanling Bypass Eastern Section; D1-5(O); DP12 Re-provision of Temporary Wholesale Market at D1-6; D2-14, D2-15 all (G)	Length of LR in Study Area: 1200 m	Length of LR within NDA 170 m Length affected: 170 m (100%)	Small		Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Negligible
FLR-14.2	Sha Tau Kok Road (Lung Yeuk Tau)	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A very small section of Sha Tau Kok Road lies within the RODP and is designated to remain as road, so while the magnitude of change may be small during construction due to modifications to the existing road, during operation the LR will remain the same and the magnitude of change will be negligible.
FLR-14.3	Fanling Highway	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 990 m	Length of LR affected: 0 m	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-14.3	Fanling Highway	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The Fanling Highway is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.
FLR-14.4	MTRC near Fanling Highway	Outside RODP boundary	Length of LR in Study Area: 950 m	Length of LR affected: 0 m	n/a		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Negligible	Negligible
FLR-14.4	MTRC near Fanling Highway	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation This section of the MTRC is located outside the RODP boundary and therefore the Project will have no impact on it.

*Code Land Use Type

A Amenity

AGR Agriculture

C Commercial

CA Conservation Area

CDA Comprehensive Development Area

E Education

G Government

G-REC Government Recreation

GB Green Belt

HOS Home Ownership Scheme

IC Institution / Community

O Open Space

OU-C,R&D Other Specified Uses - Commercial, Research & Development

OU-DCS Other Specified Uses - District Cooling System

OU-FR Other Specified Uses - Firing Range

OU-NP Other Specified Uses – Nature Park

OU-PFS Other Specified Uses - Petrol Filling Station

OU-POFEFTS Other Specified Uses - Parking & Operation Facilities for Environmental Friendly Transport System

OU-R&D Other Specified Uses - Research & Development

OU-RAF Other Specified Uses - Railway Associated Facilities

OU-SPS Other Specified Uses - Sewage Pumping Station

OU-STW Other Specified Uses - Sewage Treatment Works

OU-VC Other Specified Uses – Visitor Centre

PRH Public Rental Housing

PRH-LR Public Rental Housing – Local Rehousing

R1 Residential Zone 1 - highest density

R1c Residential Zone 1 - highest density - with commercial

R2 Residential Zone 2 - medium density

R2c Residential Zone 2 - medium density - with commercial

R3 Residential Zone 3 - low density

R4 Residential Zone 4 – very low density

V Village Type Development

Table 12.8.4 - Magnitude of change to FLN NDA LCAs

LCA Code	Name	Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LCA	Approximate Area of LCA (ha) in Study Area	Approximate Area of LCA affected within NDA boundary (ha) (Percentage impacted)	Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)	Compatibility with Surrounding Landscape (Good /Fair /Poor)		Duration of Impact (Temporary [Short/Medium term], Permanent)		Reversibility of Change (Reversible/ Irreversible)		Magnitude of Change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible)
LCA Code	Name	Site No. (Land Use Type) Impacting LCA	Approximate Area of LCA (ha) in Study Area		Physical extent of the impact (Small/ Medium/ Large)	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
FLCA-1	Natural Hillside Landscape	Principally 'A sites' for Government Facilities Zone including A1-8, D4-1 all(G) A3-1 (G)	207.41	18.03 (100%)	Small	Fair	Fair	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
FLCA-1	Natural Hillside Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Most of this LCA falls outside the RODP boundary, but for the small area falling within the majority lies on sites designated for a Flushing Water Service Reservoir (D4-1) and a Fresh Water Service Reservoir (A3-1) and their associated access roads. Since this LCA already contains water reservoirs in both the areas where reservoirs are proposed, this is considered fairly compatible with the Project during operation, although it will be less compatible during the cut and fill work (see Figure 12.12.7). Small areas are affected by sites designated for other uses which are not compatible with the current character, such as government use for e.g. Police Driving and Traffic Complex (A1-8). Although the majority of this LCA will remain unaffected by the Project, and where it is affected it is by fairly compatible elements of the Project, but over 15 ha will suffer some change and the therefore magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate.
FLCA-2	Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape	Affected by all 'Sites' of the NDA i.e.' A sites' for Government Facilities Zone, 'B sites' for West Residential Area, 'C sites' for Civic and Recreation Area and 'D sites' for the District Centre	305.25	29.98 (65%)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Intermediate
	Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation While the majority of this LCA falls outside the RODP boundary, a large area lies within it and will be affected by sites designated for land use that is not compatible with the current LCA e.g. Sewage Pumping Station (A1-6, B1-4, C2-3); proposed WSD use such as Pumping Station (A1-1, A1-2); Police Driving and Traffic Complex (A1-8); Weapons Training Division (A1-11) and roads; medium and low density residential areas with blocks up to 20 stories high (B1-7, B1-8, B1-9); schools at sites C2-6 and C2-7; and government uses such as Social Welfare Facility and Sports/Leisure Centre (within C2-6). There are areas that fall on sites designated for land use that is compatible with the current LCA, including A1-4, B1-2, B1-5, B1-10, C1-3, C2-4, C2-8, C2-10, D1-2, D1-3 which will all be open space, A1-5, A1-10, B1-6, C1-1, C1-2, D1-1 for amenities, A1-9 which will be agricultural land and A1-7 which will be a conservation area. A relatively large area of this LR in the northwest part of the RODP can be preserved by A1-3 and A1-9 designated for ‘agriculture’ and A1-7 designated as a ‘conservation area’. Considering most of this LCA will not be affected by the Project and just under half of the affected area is compatible with the existing landscape, the overall magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate.
FLCA-3	Urban Development Landscape	Principally affected by 'D sites' for the District Centre; small impact by 'B sites' for West Residential Area	106.85	6.73 (100%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Small
	Urban Development Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The vast majority of this LCA falls outside the RODP boundary. For that within the boundary, it is mainly affected by D3-1 designated as a high density residential zone which is compatible with this LCA. Other areas affected are very small and on the edge of the LCA and overall the magnitude of change for this LCA is small.
FLCA-4	Industrial Landscape	Principally affected by all 'B sites' for West Residential Area and A sites' for Government Facilities Zone with small impact by 'D sites' for the District Centre; small impact by 'B sites' for West Residential Area	105.54	26.91 (100%)	Medium	Fair	Fair	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate (partly beneficial)	Small (beneficial)
	Industrial Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation The majority of this LCA falls outside the RODP boundary. However for the area inside, it will be affected by sites designated for land use that is fairly compatible with the current LCA e.g. amenities (A2-1, A2-2, A2-4, D2-17), open space (B1-1, B2-1,B2-8, B2-9; the Parking & Operation Facilities for Environmental Friendly Transport System and Refuse Collection Point in B2-2, residential zones including public rental housing with schools and post office (B2-6, B2-7, B2-11, B2-12), government uses in A1-11, B2-4, D1-6; and sites that have good compatibility with the LCA such as the further expansion of the existing Sewage Treatment Plant at A2-3 and the Government Reserves at D2-15 and D2-16. Overall a medium area will be impacted by sites with fair to good compatibility and the magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate but partly beneficial during construction and beneficial overall by operation.
FLCA-5	Lowland Agricultural Landscape	Principally affected by all 'B sites' for West Residential Area and 'D sites' for the District Centre with small impact by 'C sites' for Civic and Recreation Area	84.44	60.79 (100%)	Large	Poor	Poor	Permanent	Permanent	Irreversible	Irreversible	Large	Large
	Lowland Agricultural Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A large area of this LCA falls within the RODP and will be affected by sites designated for uses incompatible with this LCA, such as large residential areas (B2-11, B2-12, B3-2, B3-6, B3-7, B3-9, D2-2, D2-4, D2-6, D2-12, D3-1, D3-3, D3-4, D3-6, D3-7, D3-8) and residential housing areas including post offices and public transport interchanges (B2-12, B3-6, D2-9), and educational facilities (within B3-6, D2-9, D3-4, D3-6, D3-9 and in B3-4, B3-5, B3-10, B3-12, D3-11, D3-12). Some of the sites affecting this LCA are designated for open space but while this would appear compatible with the LCA initially, since they are fragmented by the other developments that are incompatible (as described); the overall magnitude of change is considered large.
FLCA-6	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Principally impact by 'D sites' for the District Centre	Length of LCA in Study Area: 3990 m	Length of LCA within NDA: 200 m Length of LCA affected: 200 m (100%)	Small	Good	Good	Temporary Short Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Small	Negligible
	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation A very small area of this LCA, namely a short stretch of the Sha Tau Kok Road, falls within the RODP and it is proposed to be upgraded but not changed. Therefore during construction the magnitude of change may be small but by operation, it will be negligible.
FLCA-7	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Mildly affected by all 'Sites' of the NDA i.e.' A sites' for Government Facilities Zone Area, 'B sites' for West Residential Area, 'C sites' for Civic and Recreation Area and 'D sites' for the District Centre	Length of LCA in Study Area: 8650 m	Length of LCA within NDA: 4920 m Length of LCA affected: 790 m (15%)	Medium	Fair	Good	Temporary Medium Term	Permanent	Reversible	Irreversible	Intermediate	Small
	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Description of Key Impacts during Construction and Operation Where it flows through the RODP, this LCA may be slightly affected along its banks by the periphery of some incompatible sites, but most of the sites along the banks are designated as open space and will not affect the LCA. At Ma Wat River in the south east however approximately 250 m of this channelized river will have to be diverted for the construction of the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section (DP10) and the impacts of this are fully assessed in the DP Package 12D. Overall this LCA will mainly be affected by the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section in the south east, but the majority will only be mildly affected by the Project. The magnitude of change is considered to be intermediate at construction when the diversion takes place. The river is already channelized however and at operation will flow through a similar channelized section, and the main Ng Tung River will be negligibly affected, so the overall magnitude of change is considered to be small.

*Code Land Use Type

A Amenity

AGR Agriculture

C Commercial

CA Conservation Area

CDA Comprehensive Development Area

E Education

G Government

G-REC Government Recreation

GB Green Belt

HOS Home Ownership Scheme

IC Institution / Community

O Open Space

OU-C,R&D Other Specified Uses - Commercial, Research & Development

OU-DCS Other Specified Uses - District Cooling System

OU-FR Other Specified Uses - Firing Range

OU-NP Other Specified Uses – Nature Park

OU-PFS Other Specified Uses - Petrol Filling Station

OU-POFEFTS Other Specified Uses - Parking & Operation Facilities for Environmental Friendly Transport System

OU-R&D Other Specified Uses - Research & Development

OU-RAF Other Specified Uses - Railway Associated Facilities

OU-SPS Other Specified Uses - Sewage Pumping Station

OU-STW Other Specified Uses - Sewage Treatment Works

OU-VC Other Specified Uses – Visitor Centre

PRH Public Rental Housing

PRH-LR Public Rental Housing – Local Rehousing

R1 Residential Zone 1 - highest density

R1c Residential Zone 1 - highest density - with commercial

R2 Residential Zone 2 - medium density

R2c Residential Zone 2 - medium density - with commercial

R3 Residential Zone 3 - low density

R4 Residential Zone 4 – very low density

V Village Type Development

12.8.2 Significance of Landscape Impacts before Mitigation

The potential significance of landscape impacts during the construction and operational phases, before mitigation is provided in Tables 12.8.5 (LR) and 12.8.6 (LCA) for KTN and Tables 12.8.7 (LR) and 12.8.8 (LCA) for FLN respectively. The assessment follows the methodology proposed in Section 12.4 and the matrix provided in Table 12.4.1.

12.8.2.1 Kwu Tung North NDA

The significances of impacts before mitigation on KTN NDA LRs and LCAs are detailed in Tables 12.8.5 and 12.8.6 below and summaries of the outcome provided after each table.

Table 12.8.5 - Significance of impacts before mitigation on KTN NDA LRs

LR Code	Name	LR Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Magnitude of change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible		Impact Significance BEFORE Mitigation (Substantial/ Moderate/ Slight/ Insignificant)
LR Code	Name	LR Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
KLR 1	Channelized Water Course
KLR-1.1	Ng Tung River (Channelised)	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River (Channelised)	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River (Channelised)	Medium	Small	Negligible	Slight	Insignificant
KLR-1.4	Water Course Network in Long Valley (Channelised)	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR 2	Water Course
KLR-2.1	Streams in Kwu Tung	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-2.2	Natural Streams at Tai Shek Mo	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Ki Lun Shan	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Ma Tso Lung	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR 3	Water Pond
KLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung Water Ponds	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-3.2	Long Valley Water Ponds	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.3	Fung Kong Shan Water Ponds	Medium	Large	Large	Substantial	Substantial
KLR-3.4	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.5	Water Ponds beside Kam Hang Road	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.6	Water Ponds at Pak Shek Au	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-3.7	Water Ponds at Tit Hang	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.8	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.9	Kam Tsin Tsuen Pond	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.10	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 4	Marsh
KLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	High	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-4.3	Wetland/ Marsh in the Closed Area	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-4.4	Marsh around Pai Tau Lo and Tsung Yeun	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 5	Plantation
KLR-5.1	Plantation South of Fanling Highway	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-5.2	Plantation in the Vicinity of Hakka Wai	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-5.4	OVTs along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road	High	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
KLR 6	Hillside Woodland
KLR-6.1	Ki Lun Shan Hillside Woodland	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-6.2	Tai Shek Mo Hillside Woodland	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-6.3	Hillside Woodland in Ma Tso Lung, Tit Hang and Fung Kong	High	Large	Large	Substantial	Substantial
KLR-6.4	Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland	High	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
KLR 7	Lowland Woodland
KLR-7.1	Kwu Tung South Road Lowland Woodland	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-7.2	Lowland Woodland in the Vicinity of Kam Tsin	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-7.3	Lowland Woodland in Pak Shek Au and Tong Kok	High	Large	Large	Substantial	Substantial
KLR-7.4	Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works Lowland Woodland	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-7.5	Vemon Pass Woodland	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 8	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic
KLR-8.1	Ki Lun Shan Shrubland/ Grassland Mosaic	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-8.2	Fung Kong Shan Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
KLR-8.3	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic in Tai Shek Mo and the Western Ranges Foothills	Medium	Large	Large	Substantial	Substantial
KLR-8.4	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic along Sheung Yue River, Ng Tung River and Fanling Highway	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-8.5	Fu Tei Au Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 9	Agricultural Land
KLR-9.1	Long Valley Agricultural Land	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-9.2	Ho Sheung Heung Agricultural Land	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
KLR-9.3	Agricultural Lands in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-9.4	Other Agricultural Lands in KTN	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-9.5	Other Orchard Areas in KTN	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
KLR 10	Open Space / Recreational Area
KLR-10.1	Hong Kong Golf Club	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-10.2	Sheung Shui Community Sports	Medium	Large	Intermediate	Substantial	Moderate
KLR-10.3	Lo Wu Saddle Club	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 11	Urban Development Area
KLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-11.2	Existing formation site for proposed Kwu Tung MTRC Station	Low	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
KLR 12	Rural Development Area
KLR-12.1	Ho Sheung Heung Rural Development Area	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-12.2	Rural Development Area in Long Valley, Yin Kong, Tsung Pak Long and Hakka Wai	High	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.4	Rural Development Area to the East of MTRC East Railway Line	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.5	Rural Development Area to the North of Hong Kong Golf Club	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.6	Kam Tsin Rural Development Area	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.7	Kwu Tung Fresh Water Service Reservoir	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.8	Rural Development Area of Europa Garden and Valais	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.9	Rural Development Area in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok, Fung Kong and Tit Hang	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-12.10	Lo Wu Rifle Range	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.11	Rural Development Area in Ma Tso Lung	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
KLR-12.12	Fanling Lodge	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 13	Industrial / Open Storage
KLR-13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial Area	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-13.2	Industrial / Open Storage Area in Yin Kong	Low	Large (partly beneficial)	Intermediate (partly beneficial)	Slight	Slight beneficial
KLR-13.3	Industrial/Open Storage in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong	Low	Large (partly beneficial)	Large (partly beneficial)	Slight	Slight beneficial
KLR-13.4	Industrial/Open Storage in Pak Shek Au, Chau Tau and Foothill of Ki Lun Shan	Low	Large (partly beneficial)	Intermediate (partly beneficial)	Slight	Slight beneficial
KLR 14	Major Transportation Corridor
KLR-14.1	Fanling Highway and nearby associated roads	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-14.2	MTRC East Rail (to/from Lo Wu)	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant

In summary, in KTN NDA, substantial adverse impacts are predicted at construction for the following five LRs: Fung Kong Shan Water Ponds KLR-3.3, Hillside Woodland in Ma Tso Lung, Tit Hang and Fung Kong KLR-6.3, Lowland Woodland in Pak Shek Au and Tong Kok KLR-7.3, Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic in Tai Shek Mo and the Western Range Foothills KLR-8.3, and Sheung Shui Community Sports KLR-10.2. These impacts are predicted to remain substantially adverse at operation prior to mitigation for all these LRs except Sheung Shui Community Sports KLR-10.2 where the land use at operation will be compatible for the some of the area with a new Standard Swimming Pool and Sport Centre (E1-5) such that the impact reduces to moderate at operation prior to mitigation.

There LRs which are predicted to experience moderate adverse impacts at construction before mitigation are: KLR-1.4 Water Course Network in Long Valley (Channelised), Streams in Kwu Tung KLR-2.1, Natural Streams at Ma Tso Lung KLR-2.4, Water Ponds (Ho Sheung Heung Water Ponds KLR-3.1, Water Ponds at Pak Shek Au KLR-3.6), Mitigation Wetland KLR-4.2, OVTs along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road KLR-5.4, Tai Shek Mo Hillside Woodland KLR-6.2, Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland KLR-6.4, Agricultural land (in Long Valley KLR-9.1, in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong KLR-9.3 and others in KTN KLR-9.4), Rural Development Areas (around Ho Sheung Heung KLR-12.1, in Long Valley, Yin Kong, Tsung Pak Long and Hakka Wai KLR-12.2 and in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok, Fung Kong and Tit Hang KLR-12.9), and Fanling Highway and nearby associated roads KLR-14.1. There impacts are predicted to remain moderately adverse at operation for all these LRs.

The remaining LRs will all experience slight adverse impacts or insignificant impacts at construction and operation, with the exception of the Industrial / Open Storage Areas in Yin Kong (KLR-13.2), Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Fung Kong (KLR-13.3) and Pak Shek Au, Chau Tau and Foothill of Ki Lun Shan (KLR-13.4) where the land use will improve, largely due to residential uses, and the impacts at operation are considered to be slightly beneficial overall.

Table 12.8.6 - Significance of impacts before mitigation on KTN NDA LCAs

LCA Code	Name	LCA Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Magnitude of change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible		Impact Significance BEFORE Mitigation (Substantial/ Moderate/ Slight/ Insignificant)
LCA Code	Name	LCA Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
KLCA-1	Natural Hillside Landscape	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Substantial	Substantial
KLCA-2	Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
KLCA-3	Urban Development Landscape	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLCA-4	Industrial Landscape	Low	Intermediate (partly beneficial)	Small (beneficial)	Slight	Slight beneficial
KLCA-5	Lowland Agricultural Landscape	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
KLCA-6	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Medium	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
KLCA-7	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight

In summary for the LCAs, substantially adverse impacts are predicted at construction and operation before mitigation for Natural Hillside Landscape (KLCA-1) (due to large topographical changes (See Figures 12.11.5a-d) in constructing the water service reservoirs in G1-4 and G1-5, even though the impacted area is relatively small) Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape (KLCA-2), Lowland Agricultural Landscape (KLCA-5) will experience moderate adverse impacts during construction and operation, mainly due to large area of land to be affected by the Project. In addition the Major Transportation Corridor Landscape (KLCA-6) will experience moderate adverse impacts during construction and operation prior to mitigation, mainly due to the potential loss of roadside greening along Fanling Highway.

The remaining LCAs are all expected to experience slight adverse impacts at construction and operation, except the Urban Development Landscape (KLCA-3) which is expected to experience insignificant impacts (as only a small area of within the NDA (the Lo Wu Correctional Institution) and no changes are expected there) and the Industrial Landscape KLCA-4 which is expected to slightly benefit from the Project by operation due to the compatible and possible enhancement of land uses here e.g. industrial/ open storage areas to residential areas.

12.8.2.2 Fanling North NDA

The significance of impacts on FLN NDA LRs and LCAs are detailed in Tables 12.8.7 and 12.8.8 below and summaries for each provided after the tables.

Table 12.8.7- Significance of impacts before mitigation on FLN NDA LRs

LR Code	Name	LR Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Magnitude of change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible		Impact Significance BEFORE Mitigation (Substantial/ Moderate/ Slight/ Insignificant)
		LR Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
FLR 1	Channelized Water Course
FLR-1.1	Ng Tung River (Fanling District) (Channelized)	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River (Channelized)	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River (Channelized)	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-1.4	Ma Wat River (Channelized)	Medium	Large	Intermediate	Substantial	Moderate
FLR-1.5	Water Course through Ma Shi Po Agricultural Land (Channelized)	Low	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
FLR 2	Water Course
FLR-2.1	Natural Stream in Tin Ping Shan Agricultural Land	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-2.2	Natural Stream at Cham Shan	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Lung Shan	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Siu Hang San Tsuen	High	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
FLR 3	Water Pond
FLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley Water Ponds	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-3.2	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-3.3	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-3.4	Water Ponds in Eastern Rural Area	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-3.5	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR 4	Marsh
FLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley and near Tsung Yeun	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	High	Large	Large	Substantial	Substantial
FLR 5	Plantation
FLR-5.1	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-5.2	Ha Pak Tsuen Plantation	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of On Kwok Villa and Noble Hill	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR 6	Hillside Woodland
FLR-6.1	Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works Hillside Woodland	High	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-6.2	Cham Shan and Wa Shan Hillside Woodland	High	Large	Large	Substantial	Substantial
FLR-6.3	Ma Wat Wai Hillside Woodland	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-6.4	Hillside Woodland at Lung Shan and Wa Mei Shan	High	Small	Small	Moderate	Moderate
FLR 7	Lowland Woodland
FLR-7.1	Vernon Pass Woodland	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-7.2	Lowland Woodland at Fu Tei Au and Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-7.3	Hung Kiu San Tsuen Lowland Woodland	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-7.4	Sacred Hill Lowland Woodland	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-7.5	Ling Hill and Ling Shan Tsuen Lowland Woodland	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR 8	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic
FLR-8.1	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic West of and along Sheung Yue River and Ng Tung River	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-8.2	Fu Tei Au Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Low	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-8.3	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic at Cham Shan and Wa Shan	Medium	Intermedate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-8.4	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic at Lung Shan	Medium	Large	Large	Substantial	Substantial
FLR 9	Agricultural Land
FLR-9.1	Agricultural Land in Ho Sheung Heung and Long Valley	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-9.2	Fu Tei Au Agricultural Land	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-9.3	Agricultural Land between Ng Tung River and Shek Sheung River	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-9.4	Tin Ping Shan Tsuen Agricultural Land	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-9.5	Agricultural Land at Sheung Shui Wa Shan	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-9.6	Agricultural Land in Wu Nga Lok Yueng, Siu Hang San Tsuen, Siu Hang Tsuen and Shek Wu San Tsuen	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-9.7	Agricultural Land in South of Sha Tau Kok Road	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR 10	Open Space / Recreational Area
FLR-10.1	North District Sports Ground	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR 11	Urban Development Area
FLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-11.2	Sheung Shui Urban Development Area	Low	Small	Negligible	Slight	Insignificant
FLR-11.3	Fanling Urban Development Area	Low	Small	Negligible	Slight	Insignificant
FLR 12	Rural Development Area
FLR-12.1	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-12.2	Rural Development Area in the Vicinity of Fu Tei Au	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in the North of FLN NDA	Low	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-12.4	Rural Development Area in Sheung Shui Lowland Area	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-12.5	Wa Shan Rural Development Area	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLR-12.6	Lung Yeuk Tau Rural Development Area	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-12.7	Rural Development Area at Wo Hop Shek and Lung Shan	Low	Small	Negligible	Slight	Insignificant
FLR-12.8	Rural Development Area around Ma Shi Po	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
FLR-12.9	Wu Nga Lok Yeung and Ling Shan Tsuen Rural Development Area	Low	Intermediate	Intermediate	Slight	Slight
FLR 13	Industrial / Open Storage
FLR-13.1	Sheung Shui Industrial/Open Storage Area	Low	Large (partly beneficial)	Intermediate (partly beneficial)	Slight	Slight beneficial
FLR-13.2	Fanling Industrial Area	Low	Small (mainly beneficial)	Small (beneficial)	Slight beneficial	Moderate beneficial
FLR 14	Major Transportation Corridor
FLR-14.1	MTRC East Rail	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-14.2	Sha Tau Kok Road (Lung Yeuk Tau)	Medium	Small	Negligible	Slight	Slight
FLR-14.3	Fanling Highway	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant
FLR-14.4	MTRC near Fanling Highway	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insignificant	Insignificant

In summary, in FLN NDA, substantial adverse impacts are predicted at construction for the following four LRs: Ma Wat River (Channelized) (FLR-1.4), Mitigation Wetland (FLR-4.2), Cham Shan and Wa Shan Hillside Woodland (FLR-6.2), and Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic at Lung Shan (FLR-8.4). All these will experience substantial adverse impacts at operation also, except Ma Wat River (Channelized) (FLR-1.4) which is predicted to have moderate adverse impacts at operation.

The LRs which are predicted to experience moderately adverse impacts at construction before mitigation are: Water Course through Ma Shui Po Agricultural Land (FLR-1.5), Natural Streams in Tin Ping Shan Agricultural Land (FLR-2.1), Natural Streams at Siu Hang San Tsuen (FLR-2.4),, Hillside Woodland at Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works (FLR-6.1) and at Lunch Shan and Wa Mei Shan (FLR-6.4), Lowland Woodland at Fu Tei Au and Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works (FLR-7.2) and at Sacred Hill (FLR-7.4), Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic at Cham Shan and Wa Shan (FLR-8.3), Fu Tei Au Agricultural Land (FLR-9.2), Tin Ping Shan Tsuen Agricultural Land (FLR-9.4), Agricultural Land at Sheung Shui Wa Shan (FLR-9.5), Agricultural Land in Wu Nga Lok Yeung, Siu Hang San Tsuen, Siu Hang Tsuen and Lung Yeuk Tau (FLR-9.6) and Rural Development Areas in the North of FLN NDA (FLR-12.3) and around Ma Shi Po (FLR-12.8).

The remaining LRs will all experience slight adverse impacts or insignificant impacts at construction and operation, with the exception of all the Industrial / Open Storage Areas i.e. those in Sheung Shui (FLR13.1) and Fanling Industrial Area (FLR13.2), where the land use will improve, largely due to residential uses, and the impacts at operation are considered to be slightly and moderately beneficial overall respectively.

Table 12.8.8 - Significance of impacts before mitigation on FLN NDA LCAs

LR/LCA Code	Name	LR Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Magnitude of change (Large/ Intermediate/ Small/ Negligible		Impact Significance BEFORE Mitigation (Substantial/ Moderate/ Slight/ Insignificant)
LR/LCA Code	Name	LR Sensitivity (High/ Medium/ Low)	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation
FLCA-1	Natural Hillside Landscape	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
FLCA-2	Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate
FLCA-3	Urban Development Landscape	Low	Small	Small	Slight	Slight
FLCA-4	Industrial Landscape	Low	Intermediate (partly beneficial)	Small (beneficial)	Slight	Slight beneficial
FLCA-5	Lowland Agricultural Landscape	Medium	Large	Large	Moderate	Moderate
FLCA-6	Major Transportation Corridor Landscape	Low	Small	Negligible	Slight	Insignificant
FLCA-7	Major Water Course Corridor Landscape	Medium	Intermediate	Small	Moderate	Slight

Natural Hillside Landscape in the FLN area (FLCA-1), Rural and Urban Peripheral Village Landscape (FLCA-2), Lowland Agricultural Landscape (FLCA-5) and Major Water Course Corridor Landscape (FLCA-7) are expected to experience moderately adverse impacts during construction and all will remain so at operation except FLCA-7 which will experience slightly adverse impacts at operation before mitigation.

The remaining LCAs are all expected to experience slight adverse impacts at construction and operation, or insignificant impacts, except the Industrial Landscape (FLCA-4) which is expected to slightly benefit from the Project by operation due to the compatible and possible enhancement of land uses here e.g. industrial/ open storage areas to residential areas.

12.9 Landscape & Visual Mitigation Measures

At the Project planning stage, many factors have been considered to avoid, reduce and/ or help compensate for the potential L&V impacts of the NDAs, with highest priority given to avoidance. Several alternative layouts/profiles for the Project have been assessed, taking into account potential L&V impacts, but also taking account of other considerations such as geotechnical constraints, existing settlements and infrastructure, as well as other environmental factors such as cultural heritage, water, noise etc. A summary of the planning context, framework and concepts that have shaped the revised RODPs, highlighting those that minimize the negative L&V impacts of each NDA, is provided in Section 12.5.2.

As well as the planning principles and concepts outlined above and in Section 12.5.2 (considered as mitigation prior to construction), measures to further avoid, as well as reduce and/or compensate for particular unavoidable impacts during the construction and/or operation of the Project have all been considered, with highest priority given to impact avoidance and reduction.

These proposed mitigation measures should be implemented as early as possible but those listed here have not been categorized separately as ‘design’, ‘construction’ or ‘operation’ mitigation measures due to measures often spanning different phases of the Project. For example soft landscape mitigation measures will be considered during detailed design, most likely be implemented during construction, and their full effect often not appreciated until 10 years on, when the Project is operational. Equally, detailed design measures such as fine tuning the footprint and design of a building may reduce construction impacts but will also reduce operation impacts.

Each NDA has multiple components due to be built in different phases and includes projects designated for stand-alone EIA under Schedule 2 of the EIAO. For each component or phase, all of the proposed mitigation measures should be considered and implemented as appropriate and further details specific to the Schedule 2 DPs can be found in DP Packages 12A-D.

The proposed mitigation measures for the Project are summarized in Table 12.9.1 below and described in detail following. The same table also lists the agents responsible for the capital funding, the implementation and the maintenance of the suggested measures. For the Schedule 2 DPs, these agents may differ and further details of specific mitigation measures for Schedule 2 DPs are provided in DP Packages 12A-D.

Table 12.9.1–Summary of Proposed Mitigation Measures

Mitigation Measure Code	Summary Description	Capital Funding Agency ⁽[4]⁾	Implementation Agency	Post-Construction Maintenance Agency⁽[5]⁾
MM1	Minimum Topographical Change	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	n/a
MM2	Detailed Design - Visual	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	Building proponents/ HyD for noise barriers
MM3	Open Space Provision	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	LCSD
MM4	Tree Protection & Preservation	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	n/a
MM5	Tree Transplantation	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	LCSD
MM6	Slope Landscaping	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	HyD/ LCSD
MM7	Compensatory Planting	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	HyD/ LCSD
MM8	Woodland Compensatory Planting	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	AFCD⁽[6]⁾
MM9	Vertical Greening	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	Building proponents
MM10	Green Roof	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	Building proponents
MM11	Screen Planting	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	HyD/ LCSD
MM12	Road Greening	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	HyD/ LCSD
MM13	Marsh/Wetland Compensation	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	AFCD⁽[7]⁾
MM14.1	Watercourse Impact Mitigation - Reprovision of Natural Stream	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	DSD/ LCSD/ AFCD ⁽[8]⁾
MM14.2	Watercourse Impact Mitigation - Stream Buffer Planting	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	LCSD/ AFCD ⁽[9]⁾
MM14.3	Watercourse Impact Mitigation- Enhancement Planting along Embankment	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	LCSD/ AFCD/ DSD ⁽[10]⁾
MM14.4	Watercourse Impact Mitigation – Avoid Affecting Watercouses	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	n/a
MM15	Pond Replacement	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	LCSD
MM16	Screen Hoarding	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	n/a
MM17	Light Control	Government/ Private Sector	Contractors of the Government/ Private Sector	n/a

· Minimum Topographical Change (MM1)

To minimise landscape and visual impacts, the footprint and elevation of such elements should be optimised to reduce topographical/ landform changes, as well as reduce land take and interference with natural terrain. Where there is a need to significantly cut into the existing landform, retaining walls should be considered as well as cut slopes, to minimize landform changes and land resumption, while also considering visual amenity. Earthworks and engineered slopes should be designed to be a visually interesting landform, compatible with the surrounding landscape and to mimic the natural contouring and terrain e.g. introduction and continuation of natural features such as spurs and ridges where appropriate, to support assimilation with the hillside setting.

· Detailed Design (Visual) (MM2)

The planning of the revised RODP has considered reducing visual impacts, enhancing visual amenity and keeping visual corridors, as described in Section 12.5.2.

The footprint and massing of development components and the works area should also be kept to a practical minimum and the detailed design of development components for construction stage should follow the Sustainable Building Design Guidelines.

The form, textures, finishes and colours of the proposed development components should aim to be compatible with the existing surroundings. To improve visual amenity, designs should be aesthetically pleasing and treatment of structures also improve visual amenity. For example natural building materials such as stone and timber, should be considered for architectural features, and light earthy tone colours such as shades of green, shades of grey, shades of brown and off-white should also be considered to reduce the visibility of the development components, including all roadwork, buildings and noise barriers. In addition, the design of structures should consider green roofs where feasible, following guidelines laid out in CIBSE HK Branch’s Technical Guidelines for Green Roof Systems in Hong Kong (2011) and ArchSD/Urbis Study on Green Roof Application in Hong Kong (2007) (Also see MM10).

All barriers, particularly noise barriers but also any barriers proposed for ecological impact mitigation, should be kept to a practical minimum, be designed to integrate as well as possible into the surrounding visual context and be as low as practical to minimise blocking views. Noise barrier design, including vertical, cantilever or curved, and noise enclosures including semi-enclosure and full enclosure, at grade and/ or elevated, should follow the Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section (GLTM) of the Development Bureau’s Guidelines on Greening of Noise Barriers (April 2012).

Construction time frame should also be considered and designs seek to keep it to a practical minimum.

· Open Space Provision (MM3)

In planning the revised RODP, impacts to most open space/ recreational areas have been avoided. To help alleviate loss of open space unavoidably affected by the Project, the principles adopted in the RODP planning ensure that public open space systems are incorporated and also improve landscape and visual amenity. In KTN NDA, the key open spaces are the east-west running Town Park in the town centre and the Fung Kong Shan Park in the northern part of the NDA as well as a riverside promenade along the western side of Sheung Yue River. In FLN NDA, Site C2-8 is proposed as a Central Park and areas along the northern and southern banks of Ng Tung River will be developed into continuous promenades with some Riverside Parks at a number of Sites (e.g. B1-2, B2-1, B2-8, B2-10, D1-2 and D1-3). The public open space within the RODPs will enhance the visual amenity of the area and improve the overall landscape character as well as ensuring no overall loss of open space/ recreational LR.

· Tree Protection & Preservation (MM4)

Exiting trees to be retained within the Project Site should be carefully protected during construction. In particular OVTs will be preserved according to ETWB Technical Circular (Works) No. 29/2004. Detailed Tree Protection Specification shall be provided in the Contract Specification. Under this specification, the Contractor shall be required to submit, for approval, a detailed working method statement for the protection of trees prior to undertaking any works adjacent to all retained trees, including trees in contractor’s works areas.

A detailed tree survey will be carried out for the Tree Removal Application (TRA) process which will be carried out at the later detailed design stage of the Project. The detailed tree survey will propose which trees should be retained, transplanted or felled and will include details of tree protection measures for those trees to be retained.

· Tree Transplantation (MM5)

Trees unavoidably affected by the Project works should be transplanted where practical. Trees should be transplanted straight to their final receptor site and not held in a temporary nursery as far as possible. A detailed Tree Transplanting Specification shall be provided in the Contract Specification, where applicable. Sufficient time for necessary tree root and crown preparation periods shall be allowed in the project programme.

A detailed transplanting proposal will be submitted to relevant government departments for approval in accordance with ETWBTC 2/2004 and 3/2006 and final locations of transplanted trees should be agreed prior to commencement of the work.

For trees associated with highways e.g. roadside planting along highways, that are unavoidably affected and should be transplanted, HyD HQ/GN/13 ‘Interim Guidelines for Tree Transplanting Works under Highways Department's Vegetation Maintenance Ambit’ should be referred to.

· Slope Landscaping (MM6)

As mentioned in Section 12.5.2.1, site formation has been reduced as far as possible to avoid substantial slope cutting (also see MM1).

Hydroseeding of modified slopes should be done as soon as grading works are completed to prevent erosion and subsequent loss of landscape resources and characters. Woodland tree seedlings and/ or shrubs should be planted where the slope gradient and site conditions allow. In addition, landscape planting should be provided for the retaining structures associated with modified slopes, where conditions allow. All slope landscaping works should comply with GEO Publication No. 1/2011-Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment for Slopes.

· Compensatory Planting (MM7) (For specific woodland compensatory planting, see MM8)

Compensatory tree planting for felled trees shall be provided to the satisfaction of relevant Government departments. Required numbers and locations of compensatory trees shall be determined and agreed separately with Government during the Tree Removal Application process under ETWBTC 3/2006. Based on a very broad brush estimate, 17,000 trees will be affected by the Project of which 30% will be retained/ transplanted. Those unavoidably lost will be compensated for by planting within KTN NDA and FLN NDA to the satisfaction of relevant Government departments as outlined above.

In addition, compensatory planting for shrubs should be considered in suitable locations. Native species such as Melastoma malabathricum, Diospyros vaccinioides, Gardenia jasminoides, Ixora chinensis, Ligustrum sinense, Litsea rotundifolia, Melastoma dodecandrum, Atalantia buxifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Rhaphiolepis indica, and Rhododendron simsii are suggested.

The location of compensatory planting is proposed at the potential open areas such as open spaces, amenity areas, open areas of the streetscapes including roadside planting, as well as the open areas within development lots. Should space allow, the woodland compensatory planting areas (see MM8) may also be able to accommodate some standard tree and shrub compensation.

· Woodland Compensatory Planting (MM8)

Specific woodland compensatory planting is proposed for any areas of quality woodland that are unavoidably affected by the Project.^([11])The compensatory woodland planting will principally be within habitats of lower value such as upland grassland. The proposed locations are identified, for example, on the foothills of Tai Shek Mo, and on the higher ground of Fung Kong Shan in KTN NDA; along Fanling Bypass; and a small area in the northern FLN NDA, as indicated on the Landscape Mitigation Plans in Figures 12.15.0-6 for KTN NDA and 12.16.0-5 for FLN NDA (further detailed zoom in Landscape Mitigation Plans are provided in DP Packages 12A-D).

The total area allocated for compensatory woodland planting is more than 16 ha. This provision allows in part for the fact that it will take some time for the compensatory planting to achieve the landscape and ecological function and value of the area to be lost. In addition, it allows for the fact that not all of the areas identified for planting will prove to be plantable, by virtue of topography and ground conditions and, especially, because though the areas identified are largely grassland it is inevitable that these areas will already support some patches of trees and shrubs which would be inappropriate for further planting.

The intention of the compensatory woodland will be to recreate areas of quality woodland, not necessarily to compensate for loss of trees on a like for like basis. Native tree species are suggested for planting, including Ailanthus fordii, Bischofia javanica, Castanopsis fissa, Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum burmannii, Cinnamomum camphora, Xanthoxlyum avicennae, Liquidambar formosana, Sapium discolor, Schefflera heptaphylla and Ilex rotunda. In addition some understory vegetation may be planted including shrubs such as Atalantia buxifolia, Diospyros vaccinioides, Gardenia jasminoides, Ixora chinensis, Ligustrum sinense, Litsea rotundifolia, Melastoma malabathricum, Melastoma dodecandrum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Rhaphiolepis indica, and Rhododendron simsii.

· Vertical Greening (MM9)

Planting of climbers to grow up vertical surfaces where appropriate (e.g. building edges, piers), to soften hard structures and facilities.

· Green Roof (MM10)

Roof greening where appropriate should be established on proposed buildings to reduce exposure to untreated concrete surfaces and particularly mitigate visual impact to VSRs at high levels. Green roofs can also provide attractive landscaping and greening. CIBSE HK Branch’s Technical Guidelines for Green Roof Systems in Hong Kong (2011) and ArchSD/Urbis Study on Green Roof Application in Hong Kong (2007) should be referred to when considering and developing green roofs. These documents provide further details including information regarding structural loading, design, and maintenance etc. considerations as well as providing information on what types of plants might be suitable.

· Screen Planting (MM11)

Tall screen/buffer trees and shrubs should be planted to screen proposed structures such as roads and buildings. This measure may additionally form part of the compensatory planting and will improve compatibility with the surrounding environment and create a pleasant pedestrian environment.

· Road Greening (MM12)

For viaducts, soft landscaping should be provided to soften the hard, straight edges (for climbers used to cover the vertical, hard surfaces of the piers – see MM9 Vertical Greening) and shade tolerant plants should be planted, where light is insufficient, to improve aesthetic value of areas under viaducts. Both at grade planting and use of elevated planters should be considered for the soft landscaping of viaducts, taking into account the preference to minimise the overall viaduct bulk and integrate architectural forms and textural finishes which improve aesthetics.

At grade road planting should be considered along central dividers and on road islands e.g. in the middle of roundabouts. HQ/GN/15 - Guidelines for Greening Works along Highways should be referred to for greening of highways specifically and Development Bureau TCW No. 2/2013 – Greening on Footbridges and Flyovers for footbridges and flyovers.

(Roadside planting i.e. at the road edge and not in the central divider or road island, is considered part of MM11 Screen Planting and might also be part of MM7 Compensatory Planting or MM5 Tree Transplanting (where the transplanted tree is planted)

· Marsh/Wetland Compensation (MM13)

Direct loss of marsh and wetland areas caused by the Project will be mitigated by compensatory habitat and management in the proposed Long Valley Nature Park (LVNP) where there will be some addition of wetland areas.

Also see ‘MM14 Watercourse Impact Mitigation’ as wetland planting should be provided along the embankments and beds of modified watercourses.

· Watercourse Impact Mitigation (MM14)

Watercourses in the Study Area are broadly categorised into channelized water courses (LR1) and non-channelized or more natural watercourse including natural streams (LR2). During the formulation of the RODP, key features, which include the large channelized rivers of Ng Tung, Shek Sheung, Sheung Yue and Ma Wat channel, as well as areas of natural streams have been actively avoided as far as possible as reported in Section 12.5.2; where they cannot be fully avoided, care has been taken to zone the land appropriately to ensure their protection wherever possible. Inevitably, given the nature of the Project, there will be some impacts on watercourses and MM14.1-4 below describe specific measures that can be applied to help mitigate watercourse impacts.

Reprovision of Natural Stream (MM14.1)

Where natural streams are unavoidabley affected along some of their length, they can be diverted to avoid the proposed new developments and retain the integrity of the whole stream. Detailed design of any stream diversion should follow the Guidelines in ETWB Technical Circular (Works) No. 5/2005 (Protection of natural streams/rivers from adverse impacts arising from construction works) and appropriate construction methods should be used.

Two short stretches of the Ma Tso Lung Stream will be affected by Project in the KTN NDA; by the LMC Eastern Connection Road on the western border of Site F1-3 and further upstream by Site E-2. At both these locations, the affected stream will be reprovisioned and maintain the flow between unaffected sections of the stream. The reprovisioned stream will be provided with a natural bed and banks, as well as having an area of marsh/ pool next to it and trees and shrubs further from the banks. Full details of this stream mitigation are provided in Chapter 13.

Stream Buffer Planting (MM14.2)

Providing a minimum 10 m buffer with planting (where there is a general presumption against any development taking place) along streams where they flow close to developments, confers a degree of protection to the stream course and its associated vegetation.

For the stream at Siu Hang San Tsuen in FLN NDA, changes to the proposed NDA boundary during the revised RODP design have excluded much of this stream from the NDA and within the NDA boundary much of the stream would be located underneath the viaduct for the proposed Fanling Bypass. To the south of the viaduct the stream flows through the area D1-3, zoned as Open Space, prior to joining Ng Tung River. In this Open Space zone a 10m buffer is proposed in which natural vegetation will be retained and enhanced and human activities will be limited in order to avoid direct impacts to the stream bed and to minimise potential indirect impacts to the stream and riparian corridor.

Enhancement Planting along Embankment (MM14.3)

For channelized watercourses, if these are modified, the Drainage Services Department Practice Note No.1/2005 – Guidelines on Environmental Considerations for River Channel Design, should be considered and appropriate mitigation measures included ensuring the new watercourses match the existing as far as possible. Measures can include enhancement planting to upgrade the channels as appropriate, including consideration of wetland planting along embankments where appropriate; as well as consideration of the best materials for the channel lining (e.g. gabion). All measures must also ensure any necessary maintenance work can be carried out and that the channel meets all its requirements for water flow, etc.

For example, a stretch of the Ma Wat River Channel in the south of FLN NDA will have to be diverted for the construction of the Fanling Bypass Eastern Section. This measure will be particularly relevant in this area.

Avoid affecting Watercourses (MM14.4)

At the planning stage care has been taken to avoid affecting watercourses as far as possible. In the detailed design, consideration should again be made of watercourses, to minimise any impacts e.g. at new bridge crossings, viaducts, road alignment etc. Guidelines for this include ETWB Technical Circular (Works) No. 5/2005 Protection of natural streams/rivers from adverse impacts arising from construction works as well as Building Department (BD) Practice Note for Authorized Persons and Registered Structural Engineers 295: Protection of natural streams/rivers from adverse impacts arising from construction works.

For example, the stream at Siu Hang San Tsuen in FLN NDA much of the stream is located underneath the viaduct for the proposed Fanling Bypass. In order to avoid impacts to the stream, the detailed final design of the viaduct should follow guidelines and ensure that no viaduct footings or other structures are places in the stream.

Bridges and box culverts should also be used to minimise the necessity of watercourse modification and protect the watercourses where necessary.

· Pond Replacement (MM15)

In planning the revised RODP, impacts to most ponds have been avoided by exclusion from the NDA or suitable zoning that allow for the ponds to be protected e.g. Agricultural zoning in A1-3 and A1-9 in the west of FLN NDA. To help alleviate the loss of ponds unavoidably affected by the Project, the principles adopted in the RODP design ensure that new ponds are incorporated and also improve landscape and visual amenity. For example the Fung Kong Shan Park in E1-7 of KTN NDA will incorporate a pond and the requirement of such re-provision has been stipulated in the planning documents for the formulation of the Preliminary Layout Plan (In addition, the LVNP at C1-9 will ensure the retention and possible provision of ponds as reported in MM13).

· Screen Hoarding (MM16)

Screen hoarding shall be erected along areas of the construction works site boundary where the works site borders with public accessible routes and/or is close to visually sensitive receivers (VSRs), to screen undesirable views of the works site. It is proposed that the screening be compatible with the surrounding environment and where possible, non-reflective, recessive colours be used. Any works areas near the ecological sensitive areas should erect 2m high dull green site boundary fence. Details can refer to the ecological impact assessment (Chapter 13 of the EIA report).

· Light Control (MM17)

Construction day and night time lighting should be controlled to minimize glare impact to adjacent VSRs during the construction stage. Street and night time lighting shall also be controlled to minimize glare impact to adjacent VSRs during the operation phase. This is considered a general measure for good practice.

· Other good practise measures.

For areas unavoidably disturbed by the Project on a short term basis e.g. works areas, the general principle to try and restore these to their former state to suit future land use, should be adhered to.

With regard to topsoil, where identified, it should be stripped, treated appropriately, and where suitable and practical stored for re-use in the construction of the soft landscape works such as roadside amenity strips, and open space sites. For the all planting, this should be installed as soon as the areas become available, to achieve early establishment.

12.9.1 Significance of Residual Landscape Impacts upon Mitigation

Mitigation measures, as described in Section 12.9 above, have been applied to the various impacts and used to calculate the significance of residual impacts for LRs and LCAs. For LRs and LCAs particularly affected by the Project (as summarised after Tables 12.8.5 and 12.8.6 for KTN and Tables 12.8.7 and 12.8.8 for FLN), a brief description of how the measures will mitigate the impacts is provided.

The potential significance of residual landscape impacts during the construction and operational phases, after mitigation at day 1 and year 10, is provided in Tables 12.9.2 and 12.9.3 for KTN and Tables 12.9.4 and 12.9.5 for FLN respectively.

The assessment follows the methodology proposed in Section 12.4 and assumes that the appropriate mitigation measures described in Section 12.9, and listed in the tables according to LRs/LCAs, would be implemented. The assessment also assumes the full effect of the soft landscape mitigation measures would be fully realized after 10 years.

Figures 12.15.0 (key plan), 12.15.1-6 (zoom ins) and Figures 12.16.0 (key plan), 12.16.1-5 (zoom ins) show the main Landscape Mitigation Plans for the KTN and FLN NDAs respectively, to help illustrate some of the mitigation measures proposed.

12.9.1.1 Kwu Tung North (KTN) NDA

The significance of residual impacts after mitigation on KTN NDA LRs and LCAs are detailed in Tables 12.9.2 and 12.9.3 below. Brief descriptions of how these measures will mitigate the impacts on the most affected LRs and LCAs is provided after the tables.

Table 12.9.2 – Significance of Residual Impacts Upon Mitigation on KTN NDA LRs

LR Code	Name	Impact Significance BEFORE Mitigation (Substantial/ Moderate/ Slight/ Insignificant)		Recommended Mitigation Measures		Residual Impact Significance UPON Mitigation (Substantial/ Moderate/ Slight/ Insignificant)
LR Code	Name	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation	Construction	Operation (Day 1)	Operation (Year 10)
KLR 1	Channelized Water Course
KLR-1.1	Ng Tung River (Channelised)	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-1.2	Shek Sheung River (Channelised)	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-1.3	Sheung Yue River (Channelised)	Slight	Insignificant	MM14.3, MM14.4	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-1.4	Water Course Network in Long Valley (Channelised)	Moderate	Moderate	MM14.4	MM14.4	Slight	Slight	Slight
KLR 2	Water Course
KLR-2.1	Streams in Kwu Tung	Moderate	Moderate	n/a ^([12])	n/a ^([13])	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-2.2	Natural Streams at Tai Shek Mo	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-2.3	Natural Streams at Ki Lun Shan	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-2.4	Natural Streams at Ma Tso Lung	Moderate	Moderate	MM14.1, MM14.2, MM14.3, MM14.4	MM14.1, MM14.2, MM14.3, M14.4	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR 3	Water Pond
KLR-3.1	Ho Sheung Heung Water Ponds	Moderate	Moderate	MM15	MM13, MM15	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR-3.2	Long Valley Water Ponds	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.3	Fung Kong Shan Water Ponds	Substantial	Substantial	MM15	MM13, MM15	Moderate	Moderate	Slight
KLR-3.4	Fu Tei Au Water Ponds	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.5	Water Ponds beside Kam Hang Road	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.6	Water Ponds at Pak Shek Au	Moderate	Moderate	M15	MM13, MM15	Moderate	Slight	Slight
KLR-3.7	Water Ponds at Tit Hang	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.8	Water Ponds within the Closed Area	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.9	Kam Tsin Tsuen Pond	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-3.10	Wai Loi Tsuen Water Pond	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 4	Marsh
KLR-4.1	Marshes in Long Valley	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-4.2	Mitigation Wetland	Moderate	Moderate	MM13	MM13	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR-4.3	Wetland/ Marsh in the Closed Area	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-4.4	Marsh around Pai Tau Lo and Tsung Yeun	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 5	Plantation
KLR-5.1	Plantation South of Fanling Highway	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-5.2	Plantation in the Vicinity of Hakka Wai	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-5.3	Plantation in the Vicinity of Wai Loi Tsuen	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-5.4	OVTs along Fanling Highway and Castle Peak Road	Moderate	Moderate	MM4	MM4	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR 6	Hillside Woodland
KLR-6.1	Ki Lun Shan Hillside Woodland	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-6.2	Tai Shek Mo Hillside Woodland	Moderate	Moderate	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM8	MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM8	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR-6.3	Hillside Woodland in Ma Tso Lung, Tit Hang and Fung Kong	Substantial	Substantial	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM8	MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM8	Moderate	Moderate	Slight
KLR-6.4	Ho Sheung Heung Fung Shui Woodland	Moderate	Moderate	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM8	MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM8	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR 7	Lowland Woodland
KLR-7.1	Kwu Tung South Road Lowland Woodland	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-7.2	Lowland Woodland in the Vicinity of Kam Tsin	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-7.3	Lowland Woodland in Pak Shek Au and Tong Kok	Substantial	Substantial	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM8, MM12	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM7, MM8, MM12	Moderate	Moderate	Slight
KLR-7.4	Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works Lowland Woodland	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-7.5	Vemon Pass Woodland	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 8	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic
KLR-8.1	Ki Lun Shan Shrubland/ Grassland Mosaic	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-8.2	Fung Kong Shan Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Slight	Slight	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM7	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM7	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-8.3	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic in Tai Shek Mo and the Western Range Foothills	Substantial	Substantial	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM9, MM10	MM1, MM4, MM5, MM6, MM7, MM9, MM10	Moderate	Moderate	Slight
KLR-8.4	Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic along Sheung Yue River, Ng Tung River and Fanling Highway	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-8.5	Fu Tei Au Shrubland/Grassland Mosaic	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 9	Agricultural Land
KLR-9.1	Long Valley Agricultural Land	Moderate	Moderate	MM4, MM5, MM7	MM4, MM5, MM7, ^([14])	Moderate	Moderate	Slight
KLR-9.2	Ho Sheung Heung Agricultural Land	Slight	Slight	MM4, MM5, MM7	MM4, MM5, MM7,⁽¹⁾	Slight	Slight	Slight
KLR-9.3	Agricultural Lands in Shek Tsai Leng, Tong Kok and Tung Fong	Moderate	Moderate	MM4, MM5, MM7	MM4, MM5, MM7,⁽¹⁾	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-9.4	Other Agricultural Lands in KTN	Moderate	Moderate	MM4, MM5, MM7	MM4, MM5, MM7, ⁽¹⁾	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
KLR-9.5	Other Orchard Area in KTN	Slight	Slight	MM4, MM5, MM7	MM4, MM5, MM7, ⁽¹⁾	Slight	Slight	Slight
KLR 10	Open Space / Recreational Area
KLR-10.1	Hong Kong Golf Club	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-10.2	Sheung Shui Community Sports	Substantial	Moderate	MM3, MM4, MM5, MM7	MM3, MM4, MM5, MM7	Moderate	Slight	Insignificant
KLR-10.3	Lo Wu Saddle Club	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR 11	Urban Development Area
KLR-11.1	Lo Wu Correctional Institution	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-11.2	Existing formation site for proposed Kwu Tung MTRC Station	Slight	Slight	n/a	n/a	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR 12	Rural Development Area
KLR-12.1	Ho Sheung Heung Rural Development Area	Moderate	Moderate	MM2, MM4, MM5, MM7, MM12	MM4, MM5, MM7, MM12	Slight	Slight	Slight
KLR-12.2	Rural Development Area in Long Valley, Yin Kong Tsung Pak Long and Hakka Wai	Moderate	Moderate	MM2, MM4, MM5, MM7, MM12	MM4, MM5, MM7, MM12	Slight	Slight	Insignificant
KLR-12.3	Rural Development Area in Ngam Pin	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.4	Rural Development Area to the East of MTRC East Railway Line	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.5	Rural Development Area to the North of Hong Kong Golf Club	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.6	Kam Tsin Rural Development Area	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a	n/a	Insignificant	Insignificant	Insignificant
KLR-12.7	Kwu Tung Fresh Water Service Reservoir	Insignificant	Insignificant	n/a