·
Fisheries Protection Ordinance (Cap. 171) – promotes the conservation of fish
and other forms of aquatic life within Hong Kong waters by regulating fishing
practices to prevent detrimental activities to the fisheries industry. The authority may also make rules for the
management and control of fishing in any fisheries protection area, including
but not limited to the specification of any zone within any fisheries protection
area and the prohibition of any fishing in the specified zone.
·
Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353) – regulates and protects marine
fish cultured by designating areas of fish culture zone, granting licenses,
prohibiting unauthorized vessels and any deposition of chemicals or other
substances which are likely to cause injury to fish in a fish culture zone.
·
Water Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 358) – aims to control water pollution
in waters of Hong Kong. Water Control
Zones (WCZs) are designated with individual water quality objectives to promote
the conservation and best use of those waters in the public interest. The most updated water quality objectives for
the Junk Bay WCZ, Eastern Buffer WCZ and Victoria Harbour WCZ were revised in
June 1997.
·
EIAO-TM – Annex 17 sets out the methodology for
assessment of fisheries impacts, in order to provide objective identification,
prediction and evaluation of potential fisheries impacts arising from the
Project. Annex 9 provides
evaluation criteria.
10.3.1
Assessment
Area
10.3.1.1 According to Clause 3.4.11.2 of the
EIA Study Brief, the assessment area for fisheries impact assessment is the
same as the assessment area for water quality impact assessment, and include any other areas likely to be impacted by the Project. This includes areas within 500 m from the
boundary of the Project, Shing Mun River Main Channel, Tolo harbour and Channel
WCZs as designated under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. The boundary of Tolo harbour and Channel WCZs
is shown in Figure 10.1. Special attention was given to Yim Tin Tsai Fish Culture Zone, Yim Tin
Tsai (East) Fish Culture Zone, Lo Fu Wat Fish Culture Zone and Yung Shue Au
Fish Culture Zone.
10.3.2
Assessment
Approach and Methodology
10.3.2.1
Collation
and desktop review of available relevant fisheries baseline data (e.g. AFCD
Port Survey 2016/2017, EIAs and other available relevant studies) within or in
vicinity to the assessment area were conducted.
10.3.2.2
Potential
direct/indirect, short-term/long-term fisheries impacts arising from the
Project were identified and evaluated where possible in the EIA report. Mitigation measures, monitoring and audit
programme were recommended, where necessary.
Special attention was given to Yim Tin Tsai Fish Culture Zone, Yim Tin
Tsai (East) Fish Culture Zone, Lo Fu Wat Fish Culture Zone and Yung Shue Au
Fish Culture Zone.
10.3.2.3 The criteria and guidelines as
stated in Annexes 9 and 17 of the EIAO-TM were followed in the EIA report for
evaluating and assessing fisheries impact arising from the construction and
operation of the Project.
Table 10.1 Baseline Information of Fisheries
Resources in the Assessment Area
10.4.1.2 The relevant desktop information
reviewed is considered sufficient for evaluating the importance of potentially
impacted fisheries resources within the assessment area. Therefore, no information gap on fisheries
baseline conditions within the assessment area was identified and fisheries
surveys are not required for the EIA study.
10.4.2
Sites
of Fisheries Importance
10.4.2.1
There
are four mariculture areas identified in the assessment area, Lo Fu Wat Fish
Culture Zone (FCZ), Yung Shue Au FCZ, Yim Tin Tsai FCZ and Yim Tin Tsai (East)
FCZ, which are located approximately
14.0 km, 11.3 km, 9.0 km and 9.6 km away from the Project site. According to the
AFCD Port Survey 2006 report, fish fry production ranging 100 – 500 tails/ha
was recorded in Three Fathoms Cove within the assessment area (located at least
11.4 km east away from the Project site).
The locations of the key fisheries resources within the assessment area
are shown in Figure
10.1. Based on the findings of the literature
review, Sha Tin Hoi was not identified as an important nursery area or spawning
ground (ERM, 1998).
10.4.3
Capture
Fisheries
10.4.3.1
In
2020, Hong Kong’s capture fisheries’ fishing fleet comprised about 5040 fishing
vessels, operated by approximately 10,150 local fishermen. In terms of production in 2020, the capture
fisheries industry produced an estimated 116,000 tonnes of fisheries valued at
about $2.7 billion (AFCD, 2020b).
Fishing activities in the waters of Hong Kong are mainly conducted by
sampans using multiple fishing gears as well as other smaller non-trawler
vessels, such as gill netters, long liners, purse seiners. Trawlers and other larger non-trawlers are
generally operating in the adjacent waters of the South China Sea. Trawling landed majority of the catch in Hong
Kong waters prior to 31 December 2012, after which a ban on trawling was
implemented with the aim to protect marine resources and ecosystem, so that the
damaged seabed and depleted marine resources can rehabilitate. Some recent data on local capture fisheries
industry are summarized in Table 10.2 below.
Table 10.2 Recent Figures of Hong Kong Capture
Fisheries Industry
|
Parameter
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
2014
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
|
Fishing fleet size
(No. of vessels)
|
4,030
|
3,990
|
3,980
|
4,540
|
5,050
|
5,160
|
5,150
|
5,050
|
5,030
|
5,040
|
|
Local Fishermen engaged in capture fisheries
|
8,500
|
8,800
|
8,800
|
9,400
|
10,500
|
10,800
|
10,600
|
10,200
|
10,100
|
10,150
|
|
Production
(tonnes)
|
171,000
|
155,230
|
170,129
|
160,789
|
145,193
|
142,775
|
127,554
|
124,300
|
122,900
|
116,000
|
|
Values of production
(HK$ million)
|
2,360
|
2,320
|
2,340
|
2,530
|
2,340
|
2,600
|
2,600
|
2,800
|
2,800
|
2,700
|
|
Note:
1.
Sources: AFCD, 2017, 2018b, 2019, 2020b; HKYB, 2011-2019
|
10.4.3.2
The
latest AFCD Port Survey 2016/2017 (AFCD, 2018a) provides the most updated
information on capture fisheries in Hong Kong waters, including both fishing
operation and fisheries production. In
general, the highest fish yields in Hong Kong were obtained in the southeastern
waters (e.g. Po Toi) and the southwestern waters (e.g. Cheung Chau, Soko
Islands and Shek Kwu Chau). The top 10 families/groups of fish
catch in Hong Kong waters were Mugilidae (mullet), Clupeidae (sardine and
shad), Carangidae (scad and jack), Sparidae (seabream), Sciaenidae (croaker),
Mixed squid (squid), Mixed crab (crab), Siganidae (rabbitfish), Mixed shrimp
(shrimp) and Platycephalidae (flathead).
According to the Report on Survey of Fisheries Resources in Hong Kong
2010 – 2015 (AFCD, 2020c), major composition of commercially important
fisheries resources within the Assessment Area (North-eastern waters) included
families of Leiognathidae, Clupeidae, Sparidae, Carangidae and Polynemidae.
10.4.3.3
The
fishing operation within the assessment area was mainly conducted by sampans
using multiple gears as well as smaller non-trawler vessels (AFCD, 2019b). Sampans were the dominant fishing vessels but
other vessels such as gill netters, long liners and purse seiner were also
operated within the assessment area. The
capture fisheries data within the assessment area are summarised in Table 10.3.
It is found to be similar to the Sha Tin Cavern Sewage Treatment Works
(STW) EIA report, with low levels of capture fisheries particularly around Sha
Tin Hoi (AFCD, 2018a).
Table 10.3 Summary
of Capture Fisheries Data in the Assessment Area
|
Parameter
|
Sha Tin Hoi
|
Tolo Harbour
|
Plover Cove
|
Three Fathoms Cove
|
Tolo Channel
|
|
Overall fishing operations (no. of
vessels)
|
>0-50
|
>100-400
|
>50-100
|
>0-400
|
>200-600
|
|
Overall fisheries production
(kg/ha)
|
>0-50
|
>50-200
|
>0-50
|
>0-200
|
>200-300
|
|
Note:
1.
Source: AFCD, 2018a
|
10.4.3.4
The
number of fishing vessels operating within the assessment area was generally
between >0 and 600 vessels, with very low numbers (>0 - 50 vessels) in
Sha Tin Hoi, the area nearest to the Project site.
10.4.3.5
In
terms of weight, >0 – 300 kg/ha fish was produced within the assessment
area. The weight of fish production in
Sha Tin Hoi, the area nearest to the Project site, was low (>0 – 50 kg/ha). Overall fish production increased towards the
Tolo Channel, in which the fish production in Tolo Channel ranged from >200
- 300 kg/ha (AFCD, 2018a). However, this
area is relatively distant (approximately 17.0 km) from the Project site.
10.4.3.6
Tolo
Harbour is not considered as important spawning or nursery areas for commercial
fisheries resources (ERM, 1998).
Although reproductive individuals of pony fish (Leiognathus
brevirostris) have been collected in Tolo Harbour, this species does not
appear to have a specific spawning ground as reproductive individuals were
collected in areas ranging from Tolo Harbour and northeastern waters, to Junk
Bay and as far west as South Lantau (ERM, 1998). In Port Survey 2016/2017, fish fry collection
was found to be negligible (AFCD, 2018a).
According to the AFCD Port Survey 2006 report, low level of fish fry
production (>0 – 50 tails/ha) was recorded in Tolo Harbour.
10.4.3.7
Tolo
Channel has been identified as a potential fish nursery ground of Seabream
species (Chrysophrys major, Rhabdosargus sarba and Sparus spp.), Shrimp (Metapenaeopsis
palmensis) and Lutjanus fry (ERM, 1998). In Port Survey 2016/2017, fish fry collection
was found to be negligible (AFCD, 2018a).
According to the AFCD Port Survey 2006 report, fish fry production
ranging from >0 – 100 tails/ha and 100 – 500 tails/ha was recorded in Tolo
Channel and Three Fathoms Cove respectively.
10.4.3.8
In
addition, important spawning and nursery grounds within Hong Kong waters are
proposed to designate as Fisheries Protection Areas (FPAs) to protect fish fry,
juvenile and spawning fish, which helps to restore fisheries resources in Hong
Kong waters and promote their sustainable growth in the long run (LegCo, 2013).
There are two proposed FPAs in the eastern waters including “Tolo
Channel and Long Harbour” and “Port Shelter”.
The closest one − “Tolo Channel and Long Harbour” is located
approximately over 17 km from the Project site.
10.4.4
Culture
Fisheries
10.4.4.1
Marine culture fisheries in Hong Kong include marine fish
culture and oyster culture. Mariculture
areas for marine fish included 26 FCZs located in various sheltered coastal
areas across Hong Kong waters and occupied about
209 ha of sea area with some 925 licensed operators in 2020 (AFCD, 2020a). The majority of licensed farms are small,
family-based and consisting of one to two rafts with average total area of
302m2. Culture of oyster has been
practiced along the intertidal mudflat of Deep Bay for at least 200 years. Production from oyster culture in 2020 was
about 119 tonnes (meat only) valued at $15 million (AFCD, 2020a).
10.4.4.2
There
are four FCZs but no oyster culture present in the assessment area. Lo Fu Wat FCZ, Yung Shue Au FCZ, Yim Tin Tsai
FCZ and Yim Tin Tsai (East) FCZ are located approximately
14.0 km, 11.3 km, 9.0 km and 9.6 km away from the proposed Project
site. The locations of the FCZs are
shown in Figure 10.1.
10.4.4.3
Although
no figures are available for the individual production of FCZs, it was
estimated that culture fisheries of marine fish production in 2020 weighed 687
tonnes and was valued at $52 million, which catered about 5 per cent of local
demand for live marine fish (AFCD, 2020a).
Recent figures are present in Table 10.4.
Table 10.4 Recent
Figures of Hong Kong Culture Fisheries Industry
|
Parameter
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
2014
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
|
Licensed operator
|
1,015
|
1,008
|
987
|
968
|
969
|
949
|
938
|
931
|
923
|
925
|
|
Production (tonnes)
|
1,185
|
1,299
|
1,005
|
1,255
|
1,219
|
1,031
|
1,004
|
850
|
890
|
687
|
|
Values of production (HK$ million)
|
94
|
117
|
94
|
115
|
105
|
86
|
78
|
71
|
72
|
52
|
|
Note:
1.
Sources: AFCD, 2020b; HKYB, 2011-2019
|
10.4.4.4 The types of species produced from
culture fisheries depend on the availability of imported fry. Common species cultured include green grouper,
brown-spotted grouper, giant grouper, Russell’s snapper, mangrove snapper,
goldlined seabream, and star snapper (AFCD, 2019a).
10.5
Identification and Evaluation
of Environmental Impacts
Direct
Impact
No Direct
Impact on Sites of Fisheries Importance
Indirect Impact
Construction Run-off and Land-based
Construction
10.5.1.2 Wastewater
generated from construction site runoff (e.g. runoff and erosion of exposed
bare soil and earth, earth working area and stockpiles, etc.) as well as
general land-based construction works (e.g. general cleaning and polishing,
wheel washing, dust suppression, etc.) could potentially pose indirect impacts
on water quality of within Tai Wai Nullah (TWN), adjoining Shing Mun River Main
Channel and Sha Tin Hoi. Given that the
closest fishing ground (i.e. Sha Tin Hoi) and mariculture area (i.e. Yim Tin Tsai (East) FCZ) are at
least 5.5 km and 9.0 km away from downstream of the Project site, together with
the implementation of mitigation measures and good site practices mentioned in Section 5, no unacceptable adverse water quality impact
due to the Project works is anticipated.
Fisheries impacts arising from water quality deterioration due to
land-based construction works are expected to be negligible.
Accidental Spillage and Potential Contamination
of Surface Water
10.5.1.3 The use
of chemicals such as engine oil and lubricants, and their storage as waste
materials are potential sources that could affect water quality if spillage
occurs and enters the adjacent water environment. Accidental spillage and potential
contamination of surface water could potentially pose indirect impacts on water
quality of the TWN, adjoining Shing Mun River Main Channel and Sha Tin
Hoi. Given that the closest fishing
ground (i.e. Sha Tin Hoi) and mariculture area (i.e. Yim Tin Tsai (East) FCZ) are at
least 5.5 km and 9.0 km away from downstream of the Project site together with
the implementation of mitigation measures and good site practices mentioned in Section 5, no unacceptable adverse water quality impact
due to Project works is anticipated.
Fisheries impacts arising from water quality deterioration due to
accidental spillage and potential surface water are therefore expected to be
negligible.
Indirect Impact
No Indirect Water Quality Impacts during Normal Operation
10.5.2.1 No
unacceptable water quality impact from normal operation of the Project on
marine waters would be expected. As
such, no unacceptable adverse impacts on mariculture areas and fishing grounds
due to deterioration of water quality are anticipated.
Changes in Water Quality
10.5.2.2 With the
implementation of dry weather flow interceptor (DWFI) system and specific
treatment wetlands (Section 2 refers), water
quality in the nullah would be improved.
Aquatic wildlife at downstream could potentially benefit from improved
water quality of the nullah. Although
there will be slight water quality improvement from operation of the Project,
considering the small volume of treated effluent compared to nearby marine
habitat, the improvement would be considered as insignificant. Together with the large distance between the
Project site and marine habitats (fishing grounds and mariculture areas), the
slight improvement in water quality from the Project is thus considered as
insignificant.
Potential Fisheries Impacts from
Maintenance Works and Desilting Works
10.5.2.1
During
the operational phase, similar to the existing practices, regular maintenance works for the drainage and sewerage systems along TWN, including desilting
along the nullah and minor maintenance to the DWFI
system installed along part of Section 1 (from north of Tsuen Nam Road near Tai Wai Soccer
Pitch) to Section 5 of TWN (Figure
2.2 refers), would be carried out by the DSD to
remove excessive silts, debris and any obstructions to safeguard the hydraulic
capacity of the nullah. The maintenance practices and
frequency would be similar to the existing maintenance works
undertaken by the DSD. It is
expected that minor maintenance to DWFI system will only be undertaken on an
as-needed basis and frequent maintenance (i.e. monthly) will not be
required. Maintenance
desilting of the nullah should be carried out on an annual basis during dry
season (November to March) when the water flow is low, except during emergency situations where the
accumulated silt would adversely affect the hydraulic capacity of the nullah or
where flooding risk is imminent, or when complaints on environmental nuisance
associated with the accumulated silt are received. These works are expected to be carried out
temporarily, affecting only works area of small scale with no unacceptable
impacts to water quality. With proper
design of site drainage and implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs)
for stormwater discharge (detailed in Section 5),
together with the large distance between the Project site and marine habitats,
deterioration of water quality would be minimal and no unacceptable adverse
impacts on mariculture areas and fishing grounds are anticipated.
10.6
Mitigation of Adverse Environmental
Impacts
10.6.1.1 According
to the guidelines in Annex 17 of EIAO-TM, general policy for mitigating
fisheries impacts are in priority order of avoidance,
minimisation and compensation.
10.6.2
Construction
Phase
10.6.2.1 As
discussed in Section 10.5.1,
with the mitigation measures in place to control potential impacts on water
quality (Section 5 refers),
the Project is unlikely to have indirect impacts on fisheries resources (i.e.
fishing ground and mariculture areas). Thus, no mitigation measures for
fisheries impact are considered necessary.
10.6.3
Operational
Phase
10.6.3.1 As discussed in Section 10.5.2, no
unacceptable water quality impact on marine water under normal operation of the
TWN would be expected. Thus, no
mitigation measures are considered necessary.
10.6.4
Overall
Summary of Fisheries Impact
10.6.4.1 In
accordance with the EIAO-TM Annex 9 criteria, assessment of potential fisheries
impacts in the absence of mitigation within the assessment area are provided in
Table 10.5
and Table 10.6.
Table 10.5 Fisheries Impact on Fishing Ground within Assessment Area
Criteria
|
Fishing Ground
|
Near Sha Tin Hoi
|
Near Tolo Harbour
|
Near Tolo Channel
|
Near Three Fathoms Cove
|
Nature of impact
|
§ No
direct fisheries impact
§ No
indirect water quality impacts on fishing grounds
|
Size of affected area
|
Direct Impact
§ No
loss of fishing ground is anticipated
Indirect
Impact
§ The
nearest fishing ground is more than 5.5 km from the Project site. No unacceptable indirect water quality
impacts on fishing ground during construction and operational phases are
expected
|
Loss of fisheries resources / production
|
Direct Impact
§ No
direct loss of fisheries resources/ aquaculture production during
construction and operational phases
Indirect
Impact
§ The
nearest fishing ground is more than 5.5 km from the Project site. No unacceptable indirect water quality
impacts on fishing ground during construction and operational phases are
expected
|
Destruction and disturbance of nursery and
spawning grounds
|
No important
nursery and spawning grounds of commercial fisheries species were recorded
|
Negligible,
no important nursery and spawning grounds of commercial fisheries species
would be disturbed or destroyed during construction and operational phases
|
Impact on fishing activity
|
Negligible
|
Impact on aquaculture activity
|
N/A
|
Overall impact before mitigation
|
Negligible
|
Negligible
|
Negligible
|
Negligible
|
Table 10.6 Fisheries Impact on
Mariculture Areas within the Assessment Area
Criteria
|
Yim Tin Tsai FCZ
|
Yim Tin Tsai (East) FCZ
|
Lo Fu Wat FCZ
|
Yung Shue Au FCZ
|
Nature of impact
|
§ No
direct fisheries impact
§ No
indirect water quality impacts on mariculture areas
|
Size of affected area
|
Direct Impact
§ No
loss of mariculture areas
Indirect
Impact
§ All
4 mariculture areas are more than 9.0 km away from the Project site. No unacceptable indirect water quality
impacts on mariculture areas during construction and operational phases are
expected
|
Loss of fisheries resources / production
|
Direct Impact
§ No
direct loss of aquaculture production during construction and operational
phases
Indirect Impact
§ All
4 mariculture areas are more than 9.0 km away from the Project site. No unacceptable indirect water quality
impacts on mariculture areas during construction and operational phases are
expected
|
Destruction and disturbance of nursery and
spawning grounds
|
N/A
|
Impact on fishing activity
|
N/A
|
Impact on aquaculture activity
|
Negligible, given the large
distance between Project site and aquaculture activity (>9.0 km)
|
Overall impact before mitigation
|
Negligible
|
Negligible
|
Negligible
|
Negligible
|
10.7.1.1
No
loss of fishing ground and mariculture areas will be result from the
Project. With the implementation of
mitigation measures detailed in Section
5, no unacceptable water quality impacts on fisheries (i.e. fishing
ground and mariculture areas) are expected during the construction phase. No unacceptable water quality impact
from normal operation of the Project on marine water would be expected. Thus, no unacceptable residual impacts on fisheries resources due to
water quality deterioration are anticipated.
10.8
Environmental
Monitoring and Audit
10.8.1.2 Regular weekly site inspection during the construction phase has been proposed in Section 5 to inspect the construction activities and works area to ensure the
recommended water pollution control measures are properly implemented.
10.9.1.1
A
study based on existing information on fisheries resources and activities
within the assessment area has been undertaken, following the criteria and
guidelines for evaluating and assessing fisheries impact as stated in Annexes 9
and 17 of the EIAO-TM.
10.9.1.2
The
Project would only involve construction works within the Project site (existing
TWN and developed area alongside). No
loss of fishing grounds and mariculture areas are anticipated within the
assessment area. With the implementation
of mitigation measures recommended to control water quality impacts, the
Project would not cause any unacceptable indirect impacts to fishing grounds
and mariculture areas within the assessment area during both construction and
operational phases. Thus, no further
mitigation measures and environmental monitoring and audit programme are
required.
Agriculture, Fisheries and
Conservation Department (AFCD) (2018a). Fisheries: Port Survey.
https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/fisheries/fish_cap/fish_cap_latest/files/common/PS201617_ENG.pdf
Agriculture, Fisheries and
Conservation Department (AFCD) (2018b). Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
Department Annual Report 2017-2018.
Agriculture, Fisheries and
Conservation Department (AFCD) (2019). Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
Department Annual Report 2018-2019.
Agriculture, Fisheries and
Conservation Department (AFCD) (2020a). Fisheries: Aquaculture.
https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/fisheries/fish_aqu/fish_aqu_mpo/fish_aqu_mpo.html
Agriculture, Fisheries and
Conservation Department (AFCD) (2020b). Fisheries: Capture
Fisheries.https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/fisheries/fish_cap/fish_cap_latest/fish_cap_latest.html
Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) (2020c).
Report on Survey of Fisheries Resources in Hong Kong (2010-2015).
https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/fisheries/fish_cap/fish_cap_con/fish_cap_con.html
Drainage Service Department (DSD) (2016). Sha Tin Cavern Sewage
Treatment Works – EIA Report. Prepared by AECOM Asia Co Ltd. for Drainage
Service Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region.
Environmental Resources Management (ERM) (1998). Fisheries Resources and
Fishing Operation in Hong Kong Waters. Prepared by ERM for Agriculture and
Fisheries Department, HK SAR Government.
Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) (2011). Report on Water quality
monitoring program in Shing Mun River.
https://www.districtcouncils.gov.hk/archive/st_d/pdf/hec/2011/ST_HEC
_2011_019_TC.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2010). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2010/en/pdf/E09.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2011). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2011/en/pdf/E09.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2012). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2012/en/pdf/E09.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2013). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2013/en/pdf/E09.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2014). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2014/en/pdf/E09.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2015). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2015/en/pdf/E09.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2016). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2016/en/pdf/E10.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2017). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries. https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2017/en/pdf/E10.pdf
Hong Kong Year Book (HKYB) (2018). Food Safety,
Environmental Hygiene, Agriculture and Fisheries.
https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2018/en/pdf/E10.pdf
Legislative Council (LegCo) (2013). Panel on Food Safety and
Environmental Hygiene − Review of moratorium on issue of new fish culture
licences. https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr12-13/english/panels/fseh/papers/fe0611cb2-1284-6-e.pdf