Appendix B
Basic tables
A. Hospital Admissions Data:
Table A1: List of HA hospitals included in the study
| |
Hospital |
Information system* |
Whether A&E |
| 1. |
Kong Wah Hospital (KWH) |
MRAS |
Yes |
| 2. |
Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital (OLM) |
IPAS |
No |
| 3. |
Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) |
IPAS/MRAS |
Yes |
| 4. |
Pok Oi Hospital (POH) |
IPAS |
Yes |
| 5. |
Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) |
MRAS |
Yes |
| 6. |
Pamela Youde Nethersole Hospital (PYN) |
MRAS |
Yes |
| 7. |
Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) |
MRAS |
Yes |
| 8. |
Queen Mary Hospital (QMH) |
IPAS/MRAS |
Yes |
| 9. |
Ruttonjee Hospital (RH) |
MRAS |
No |
| 10. |
Tuen Mun Hospital (TMH) |
MRAS |
Yes |
| 11. |
United Christian Hospital (UCH) |
MRAS |
Yes |
| 12. |
Yan Chai Hospital (YCH) |
IPAS/MRAS |
Yes |
* IPAS - Integrated Patient Administrative System
MRAS - Medical Records Abstracting System
Table A2.1: Number of hospital admissions by disease groups
| Disease groups |
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998*
|
| I. |
Diseases of the Circulatory System (ICD9 390-459): |
|
|
|
|
| |
Acute rheumatic fever (390-392) |
32
|
12
|
23
|
8
|
| |
Chronic rheumatic heart disease (393-398) |
1,572
|
1,626
|
1,338
|
530
|
| |
Hypertensive disease (401-405) |
4,396
|
4,319
|
4,187
|
1,981
|
| |
Ischaemic heart disease (410-414) |
12,281
|
13,743
|
13,459
|
6,940
|
| |
Disease of pulmonary circulation (415-417) |
291
|
274
|
289
|
168
|
| |
Other forms of heart disease (420-429) |
15,494
|
17,568
|
17,246
|
9,208
|
| |
Cerebrovascular disease (430-438) |
12,489
|
13,331
|
13,399
|
6,620
|
| |
Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries
(440-448)
|
1,909
|
2,145
|
1,894
|
1,097
|
| |
Diseases of viens and lymphatics, and other diseases of circulatory system (451-459) |
5,591
|
6,448
|
6,594
|
2,996
|
| |
Sub-total:
|
54,055
|
59,466
|
58,429
|
29,548
|
| II. |
Diseases of the Respiratory System (ICD9 460-519): |
|
|
|
| |
Acute respiratory infections (460-466) |
13,845
|
16,906
|
18,807
|
11,505
|
| |
Other diseases of upper respiratory tract (470-478) |
3,005
|
3,650
|
3,328
|
1,746
|
| |
Pneumonia and influenza (480-487) |
12,569
|
14,954
|
10,396
|
52,699
|
| |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions (490-496) |
25,330
|
28,344
|
26,780
|
14,081
|
| |
Pneumoconioses and other lung diseases due to external agents (500-508) |
386
|
471
|
545
|
301
|
| |
Other diseases of respiratory system (510-519) |
11,358
|
13,481
|
14,686
|
8,848
|
| |
Sub-total:
|
66,493
|
77,806
|
78,926
|
46,877
|
| I & II |
Total:
|
120,548
|
137,272
|
137,355
|
76,425
|
* first half year
Table A2.2: Number of hospital admissions by specific disease group
| Disease |
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998*
|
| Respiratory (ICD9: 460-519) |
66,493
|
77,806
|
78,926
|
46,877
|
| Aged 0-14 |
23,421
|
25,551
|
25,192
|
16,450
|
| Aged 15-64 |
15,170
|
16,733
|
17,006
|
9,451
|
| Aged 65-74 |
11,214
|
13,695
|
13,874
|
7,640
|
| Aged 75+ |
16,667
|
21,814
|
22,837
|
13,329
|
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(ICD9: 490-496 excluding 493)
|
16,648
|
18,672
|
18,054
|
9,795
|
| Asthma (ICD-9 493) |
8,682
|
9,672
|
8,726
|
4,286
|
| Aged 0-14 |
4,437
|
5,156
|
4,412
|
2,133
|
| Aged 15-64 |
2,855
|
2,929
|
2,736
|
1,332
|
| Cardiac (ICD9: 390-429) |
34,066
|
37,542
|
36,542
|
18,835
|
| Aged 15-64 |
12,195
|
13,051
|
11,949
|
5,961
|
| Aged 65-74 |
9,912
|
11,098
|
11,195
|
5,715
|
| Aged 75+ |
11,437
|
12,918
|
13,001
|
6,976
|
| Ischaemic heart disease (ICD-9 410-414) |
12,281
|
13,743
|
13,459
|
6,940
|
| Aged 15-64 |
4,553
|
5,079
|
4,627
|
2,402
|
| Aged 65-74 |
4,197
|
4,842
|
4,930
|
2,507
|
| Aged 75+ |
3,507
|
3,806
|
3,888
|
2,029
|
* first half year
Note: The total number of admissions by age groups may not be equal to the total due to missing age field in the data.
Table A3.1: Summary statistics of daily hospital admissions due to respiratory disease by 3 month periods
| Period |
No. (days) |
Mean
|
SD
|
Min |
P25 |
Median |
P75
|
Max
|
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
189.4 |
34.61 |
116 |
164 |
186
|
212
|
287
|
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
190.5 |
26.42 |
132 |
173 |
191
|
205
|
260
|
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
92 |
174.5 |
17.96 |
133 |
163 |
173
|
188
|
213
|
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
174.5 |
23.93 |
120 |
156 |
175
|
187
|
240
|
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
365 |
182.2 |
27.37 |
116 |
164 |
181
|
198
|
287
|
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
216 |
42.67 |
134 |
181 |
215
|
250
|
319
|
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
234.7 |
30.87 |
167 |
213 |
231
|
254
|
315
|
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
206 |
43.72 |
147 |
173 |
192
|
239
|
320
|
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
193.9 |
26.97 |
143 |
172 |
193
|
213
|
272
|
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
212.6 |
39.56 |
134 |
180 |
209
|
241
|
320
|
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
202.6 |
27.02 |
133 |
186 |
201
|
216
|
264
|
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
249.3 |
29 |
199 |
227 |
246
|
267
|
335
|
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
202 |
33.19 |
140 |
178 |
198
|
223
|
298
|
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
92 |
211.1 |
39.86 |
156 |
184 |
202
|
225
|
330
|
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
365 |
216.2 |
37.89 |
133 |
189 |
211
|
240
|
335
|
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
279.7 |
50.69 |
174 |
232 |
282
|
314
|
389
|
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
238.5 |
19.31 |
193 |
225 |
238
|
254
|
288
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table A3.2: Summary statistics of daily hospital admissions due to COPD (excluding asthma) by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days) |
Mean
|
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
54.19 |
11.4 |
31
|
46
|
54
|
63
|
82
|
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
44.23 |
9.59 |
26
|
39
|
44
|
50
|
74
|
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
92 |
39.82 |
8.43 |
22
|
34
|
39
|
45
|
63
|
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
44.38 |
10.79 |
26
|
36
|
44
|
52
|
71
|
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
365 |
45.61 |
11.35 |
22
|
37
|
44
|
53
|
82
|
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
61.23 |
14.22 |
33
|
50
|
61
|
75
|
94
|
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
56.24 |
12.67 |
31
|
47
|
56
|
62
|
92
|
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
43.33 |
10.11 |
26
|
36
|
41
|
50
|
72
|
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
43.43 |
9.79 |
22
|
38
|
44
|
49
|
68
|
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
51.02 |
14.18 |
22
|
41
|
49
|
60
|
94
|
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
54.01 |
9.64 |
29
|
49
|
54
|
59
|
79
|
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
54.18 |
9.49 |
35
|
49
|
52
|
62
|
79
|
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
44.91 |
8.76 |
26
|
40
|
45
|
50
|
68
|
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
92 |
44.9 |
9.24 |
24
|
39
|
43
|
52
|
67
|
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
365 |
49.46 |
10.33 |
24
|
42
|
49
|
55
|
79
|
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
60.11 |
12.05 |
35
|
52
|
59
|
68
|
90
|
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
48.19 |
8.15 |
32
|
42
|
48
|
54
|
72
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table A3.3: Summary statistics of daily hospital admissions due to asthma disease by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days) |
Mean |
SD
|
Min |
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
24.11 |
7.08 |
12 |
18
|
24
|
29
|
46
|
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
21.93 |
6.89 |
9 |
17
|
22
|
26
|
43
|
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
92 |
20.97 |
6.24 |
10 |
16
|
21
|
24
|
40
|
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
28.12 |
7.7 |
14 |
22
|
27
|
34
|
46
|
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
365 |
23.79 |
7.5 |
9 |
18
|
23
|
29
|
46
|
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
23.37 |
6.64 |
12 |
19
|
23
|
26
|
47
|
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
25.11 |
6.73 |
11 |
21
|
24
|
30
|
48
|
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
24.33 |
6.16 |
11 |
21
|
23
|
28
|
41
|
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
32.85 |
12.09 |
14 |
23
|
31
|
41
|
63
|
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
26.43 |
9.07 |
11 |
20
|
25
|
30
|
63
|
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
20.49 |
6.16 |
8 |
16
|
20
|
24
|
41
|
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
21.56 |
4.95 |
7 |
18
|
21
|
25
|
32
|
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
20.43 |
7.61 |
8 |
15
|
19
|
25
|
45
|
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
92 |
33.04 |
9.07 |
15 |
26
|
33
|
39
|
59
|
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
365 |
23.91 |
8.88 |
7 |
18
|
22
|
28
|
59
|
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
26.74 |
7.76 |
13 |
21
|
26
|
32
|
48
|
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
20.65 |
5.06 |
10 |
17
|
20
|
24
|
35
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table A3.4: Summary statistics of daily hospital admissions due to cardiac disease by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days) |
Mean |
SD |
Min
|
P25
|
Median |
P75
|
Max
|
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
100.2 |
21.67 |
44
|
83
|
104 |
115
|
152
|
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
89.81 |
20.91 |
40
|
73
|
92 |
104
|
128
|
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
92 |
87.84 |
20.87 |
41
|
70
|
92 |
103
|
134
|
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
95.62 |
24.25 |
44
|
74
|
99 |
113
|
148
|
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
365 |
93.33 |
22.42 |
40
|
75
|
97 |
108
|
152
|
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
113.7 |
27.66 |
51
|
95
|
114 |
133
|
179
|
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
99.87 |
24.71 |
52
|
76
|
105 |
118
|
148
|
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
94.7 |
22.8 |
49
|
76
|
97 |
112
|
137
|
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
102.1 |
22.08 |
61
|
85
|
103 |
118
|
154
|
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
102.6 |
25.28 |
49
|
83
|
104 |
120
|
179
|
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
102.3 |
24.82 |
55
|
80
|
102 |
119
|
158
|
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
100.4 |
19.46 |
59
|
84
|
106 |
114
|
141
|
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
97.15 |
19.3 |
53
|
84
|
100 |
112
|
137
|
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
92 |
100.6 |
20.03 |
60
|
84
|
102 |
113
|
153
|
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
365 |
100.1 |
21.01 |
53
|
84
|
102 |
114
|
158
|
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
111.7 |
21.83 |
56
|
95
|
113 |
126
|
166
|
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
96.52 |
20.14 |
48
|
82
|
99 |
111
|
136
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table A3.5: Summary statistics of daily hospital admissions due to IHD by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days)
|
Mean |
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
35.47 |
9.27 |
16 |
28
|
37
|
43
|
52
|
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
31.9 |
9.46 |
11 |
25
|
30
|
40
|
58
|
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
92 |
33.2 |
10.01 |
8 |
25
|
34
|
40
|
57
|
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
34.04 |
8.93 |
17 |
28
|
33
|
40
|
55
|
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
365 |
33.65 |
9.48 |
8 |
26
|
33
|
40
|
58
|
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
40.18 |
11.44 |
15 |
34
|
41
|
48
|
65
|
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
36.78 |
12.25 |
15 |
28
|
36
|
45
|
76
|
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
35.47 |
10.12 |
15 |
28
|
35
|
44
|
55
|
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
37.79 |
11.02 |
19 |
28
|
37
|
47
|
65
|
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
37.55 |
11.32 |
15 |
28
|
38
|
46
|
76
|
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
36.52 |
10.14 |
16 |
28
|
37
|
44
|
61
|
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
36.01 |
8.13 |
16 |
29
|
37
|
42
|
54
|
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
37.59 |
9.4 |
19 |
32
|
37
|
44
|
58
|
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
92 |
37.36 |
10.19 |
19 |
30
|
36
|
44
|
60
|
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
365 |
36.87 |
9.49 |
16 |
29
|
37
|
43
|
61
|
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
40.13 |
10.55 |
17 |
33
|
40
|
46
|
65
|
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
36.57 |
10.24 |
15 |
29
|
37
|
43
|
63
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table A4: Comparison of total hospital discharges between HKU data and those from HA Statistical Report 95/96, 96/97
| |
1/4/1995 - 31/3/1996#
|
|
1/4/1996 - 31/3/1997#
|
| |
HKU
|
HA
|
|
HKU
|
HA
|
| Kong Wash Hospital (KWH) |
63,583
|
63,583
|
|
69,467 |
69,470 |
| Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital (OLM) |
8,564
|
8,564
|
|
8,105 |
8,105 |
| Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) |
104,149
|
104,149
|
|
97,124 |
97,109 |
| Pok Oi Hospital (POH) |
11,432
|
11,432
|
|
13,086 |
13,086 |
| Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) |
104,679
|
104,679
|
|
106,914 |
106,920 |
| Pamela Youde Nethersole Hospital (PYN) |
66,672@
|
61,263
|
|
71,874 |
71,875 |
| Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) |
112,557
|
112,559
|
|
118,587 |
118,588 |
| Queen Mary Hospital (QMH) |
87,308
|
87,313
|
|
88,233 |
88,339 |
| Ruttonjee Hospital (RH) |
16,727
|
16,727
|
|
17,893 |
17,893 |
| Tuen Mun Hospital (TMH) |
83,117
|
83,118
|
|
91,878 |
91,878 |
| United Christian Hospital (UCH) |
51,266
|
51,293
|
|
15,432 |
15,432 |
| Yan Chai Hospital (YCH) |
39,508
|
39,508
|
|
42,581 |
42,582 |
| Total: |
749,562
|
744,188
|
|
741,174 |
741,277 |
# total hospital patient discharges
@ The excess 5,409 cases in the HKU data set was day cases which cannot be excluded when the Information Technology Department generated the data set due to missing of the identifier.Table A5.1: Summary statistics of daily hospital admissions by disease groups (1995-97)
| Disease |
No. (days)
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Respiratory |
1096
|
203.7 |
38.49 |
116 |
175 |
197 |
227 |
335 |
| Asthma |
1096
|
24.7 |
8.59 |
7 |
19 |
23 |
29 |
63 |
| COPD |
1096
|
48.7 |
12.27 |
22 |
40 |
48 |
56 |
94 |
| Cardiac |
1096
|
98.7 |
23.28 |
40 |
80 |
101 |
114 |
179 |
| IHD |
1096
|
35.0 |
10.26 |
8 |
28 |
35 |
44 |
76 |
# first half year
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Note: COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, excluding asthma IHD - Ischaemic heart diseaseTable A5.2: Summary statistics of daily hospital admissions by disease groups (1998#)
| Disease |
No. (days)
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Respiratory |
181
|
259.0 |
43.39 |
174 |
227 |
259 |
285 |
389 |
| Asthma |
181
|
23.7 |
7.20 |
10 |
19 |
22 |
28 |
48 |
| COPD |
181
|
54.1 |
11.86 |
32 |
45 |
53 |
62 |
90 |
| Cardiac |
181
|
104.1 |
22.27 |
48 |
88 |
106 |
118 |
166 |
| IHD |
181
|
38.3 |
10.52 |
15 |
31 |
39 |
45 |
65 |
# first half year
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Note: COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, excluding asthma IHD - Ischaemic heart diseaseTable A6.1: Summary statistics of daily hospital deaths by disease groups (1995-97)
| Disease |
No. (days)
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Respiratory |
1096
|
10.8
|
4.06
|
1
|
8
|
10
|
13
|
27
|
| Cardiovascular |
1096
|
10.2
|
3.77
|
1
|
8
|
10
|
13
|
24
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table A6.2: Summary statistics of daily hospital deaths by diseases groups (1998#)
| Disease |
No. (days)
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Respiratory |
181
|
11.6 |
4.15
|
3
|
8
|
11
|
14
|
23
|
| Cardiovascular |
181
|
9.8 |
3.81
|
3
|
7
|
9
|
12
|
23
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
# first half year
B. Meteorological Data:
Table B1: Summary statistics of daily mean temperature by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days)
|
Mean |
SD |
Min |
P25 |
Median |
P75 |
Max |
| Jan-Mar 95: |
90 |
16.43 |
2.43 |
12 |
14.45 |
16.4 |
18.3 |
22.4 |
| Apr-Jun 95: |
91 |
25.73 |
3.61 |
15.7 |
24 |
26.4 |
28.9 |
30.1 |
| Jul-Sep 95: |
92 |
27.66 |
1.49 |
24.3 |
26.6 |
27.8 |
28.92 |
30.3 |
| Oct-Dec 95: |
92 |
21.28 |
3.61 |
14.7 |
18.25 |
21.65 |
24.57 |
27.7 |
| Jan-Dec 95: |
365 |
22.8 |
5.22 |
12 |
18 |
24.3 |
27.4 |
30.3 |
| Jan-Mar 96: |
91 |
17.52 |
3.78 |
6.9 |
15.9 |
17.8 |
19.5 |
25.9 |
| Apr-Jun 96: |
91 |
24.75 |
4.06 |
11.8 |
22.75 |
25.3 |
28.45 |
29.8 |
| Jul-Sep 96: |
92 |
28.48 |
1.28 |
25.2 |
27.7 |
28.8 |
29.5 |
30.9 |
| Oct-Dec 96: |
92 |
22.43 |
3.58 |
15.4 |
19 |
22.6 |
25.9 |
28 |
| Jan-Dec 96: |
366 |
23.31 |
5.2 |
6.9 |
19 |
24.4 |
27.9 |
30.9 |
| Jan-Mar 97: |
90 |
17.68 |
2.8 |
11.5 |
15.53 |
17.8 |
19.8 |
23.9 |
| Apr-Jun 97: |
91 |
25.39 |
2.54 |
19.9 |
23.2 |
25.5 |
27.65 |
29.6 |
| Jul-Sep 97: |
92 |
27.64 |
1.87 |
21.1 |
26.78 |
27.8 |
28.9 |
30.5 |
| Oct-Dec 97: |
92 |
22.64 |
3.61 |
14.6 |
20.4 |
22.95 |
25.92 |
27.9 |
| Jan-Dec 97: |
365 |
23.36 |
4.63 |
11.5 |
20.1 |
24 |
27.2 |
30.5 |
| Jan-Mar 98: |
90 |
17.72 |
3.43 |
9.8 |
15.12 |
17.9 |
20.4 |
24.4 |
| Apr-Jun 98: |
91 |
26.63 |
2.21 |
20.6 |
25.1 |
26.7 |
28.1 |
30.5 |
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table B2: Summary statistics of daily mean relative humidity by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days)
|
Mean |
SD
|
Min
|
P25 |
Median |
P75
|
Max
|
| Jan-Mar 95: |
90 |
76.36 |
13.25 |
36
|
69.25 |
78.5 |
87 |
95
|
| Apr-Jun 95: |
91 |
82.4 |
5.12 |
70
|
79 |
82 |
86 |
93
|
| Jul-Sep 95: |
92 |
82.51 |
7.35 |
61
|
77 |
82 |
87 |
96
|
| Oct-Dec 95: |
92 |
68.39 |
13.07 |
31
|
60.75 |
71 |
76 |
94
|
| Jan-Dec 95: |
365 |
77.41 |
11.8 |
31
|
73 |
79 |
86 |
96
|
| Jan-Mar 96: |
91 |
76.25 |
10.42 |
48
|
68 |
79 |
84 |
95
|
| Apr-Jun 96: |
91 |
80.45 |
7.82 |
62
|
75.5 |
79 |
87 |
96
|
| Jul-Sep 96: |
92 |
79.91 |
6.59 |
62
|
76 |
79 |
84 |
96
|
| Oct-Dec 96: |
92 |
68.96 |
9.05 |
37
|
65 |
71 |
75 |
84
|
| Jan-Dec 96: |
366 |
76.38 |
9.71 |
37
|
71 |
77 |
83 |
96
|
| Jan-Mar 97: |
90 |
77.04 |
10.71 |
47
|
71.25 |
80 |
84 |
95
|
| Apr-Jun 97: |
91 |
83.29 |
7.72 |
57
|
80 |
84 |
89 |
97
|
| Jul-Sep 97: |
92 |
82.05 |
7.05 |
59
|
78 |
82 |
87 |
96
|
| Oct-Dec 97: |
92 |
74.96 |
11.46 |
36
|
68.75 |
79 |
82.25 |
92
|
| Jan-Dec 97: |
365 |
79.34 |
10 |
36
|
76 |
81 |
85 |
97
|
| Jan-Mar 98: |
90 |
83.3 |
7.94 |
63
|
79 |
85 |
89.75 |
96
|
| Apr-Jun 98: |
91 |
83.42 |
6.87 |
54
|
79.5 |
84 |
88 |
95
|
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
C. Pollutant Data:
Table C1: List of air pollution monitoring stations
| Station |
Sampling height
|
Above ground
|
Date start operation
|
| 1. Central/West (C/W) |
78m
|
18m (4th floor)
|
11/83
|
| 2. Kwai Chung (KC) |
82m
|
25m (6th floor)
|
7/88
|
| 3. Kwun Tong (KT) |
34m
|
25m (6th floor)
|
7/83
|
| 4. Sham Shui Po (SSPO) |
21m
|
17m (4th floor)
|
7/84
|
| 5. Shatin (ST) |
27m
|
21m (5th floor)
|
7/91
|
| 6. Tai Po (TP) |
31m
|
25m (6th floor)
|
2/90
|
| 7. Tsuen Wan (TW) |
21m
|
17m (4th floor)
|
8/88
|
Table C2: List of pollutants used in the study
| Pollutant |
Unit |
| 1. Nitrogen Dioxide {24-hr} (NO2) |
micrograms/cubic metre |
| 2. Sulphur Dioxide {24-hr} (SO2) |
micrograms/cubic metre |
| 3. Respirable Suspended Particulates {24-hr} (RSP)* |
micrograms/cubic metre |
| 4. Ozone {8-hr} (O3) |
micrograms/cubic metre |
| 5. Fine Suspended Particulates {24-hr} (FSP) |
micrograms/cubic metre |
* Measured by Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM), an instrument for the continuous measurement of particulate matter in air, was used
Table C3: Percentage of valid measures of air pollutants in each monitoring station
| |
|
|
|
Station#
|
|
|
|
| Pollutant |
C/W
|
KC
|
KT
|
SSPO
|
ST
|
TP
|
TW
|
| NO2 (24-hr average) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1995 |
93
|
92
|
96
|
89
|
97
|
97
|
95
|
| 1996 |
93
|
96
|
95
|
90
|
96
|
95
|
93
|
| 1997 |
91
|
90
|
87
|
98
|
93
|
89
|
85
|
| 1995-97 |
92
|
93
|
93
|
92
|
95
|
93
|
91
|
| 1998* |
97
|
96
|
94
|
85
|
97
|
98
|
96
|
| SO2 (24-hr average) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1995 |
98
|
97
|
97
|
93
|
99
|
-
|
95
|
| 1996 |
98
|
95
|
98
|
89
|
99
|
-
|
98
|
| 1997 |
92
|
93
|
93
|
96
|
94
|
-
|
82
|
| 1995-97 |
96
|
95
|
96
|
93
|
97
|
-
|
92
|
| 1998* |
97
|
98
|
94
|
86
|
97
|
-
|
94
|
| RSP (24-h average) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1995 |
85
|
95
|
79
|
-
|
87
|
-
|
94
|
| 1996 |
99
|
98
|
92
|
-
|
87
|
-
|
86
|
| 1997 |
90
|
92
|
85
|
-
|
91
|
-
|
90
|
| 1995-97 |
91
|
95
|
85
|
-
|
89
|
-
|
90
|
| 1998* |
99
|
95
|
95
|
-
|
99
|
-
|
92
|
| O3 (8-hr average) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1995 |
94
|
93
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
| 1996 |
92
|
95
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
| 1997 |
87
|
90
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
| 1995-97 |
91
|
92
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
| 1998* |
92
|
96
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
| FSP (24-hr average) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1995 (Aug-Dec) |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
94
|
| 1996 |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
82
|
| 1997 |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
92
|
| 1995 (Aug)-97 |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
88
|
| 1998* |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
97
|
* the data are available only for first half year of 1998
- not available
# Abbreviations referred to Table C1.
Table C4: Matrix of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between stations by pollutants (1995-1998)
| NO2: |
C/W
|
KC
|
KT
|
SSPO
|
ST
|
TP
|
| KC |
0.67
|
|
|
|
|
|
| KT |
0.82
|
0.65
|
|
|
|
|
| SSPO |
0.84
|
0.68
|
0.86
|
|
|
|
| ST |
0.75
|
0.81
|
0.74
|
0.74
|
|
|
| TP |
0.74
|
0.71
|
0.78
|
0.78
|
0.84
|
|
| TW |
0.82
|
0.72
|
0.85
|
0.90
|
0.76
|
0.76
|
| SO2: |
C/W
|
KC
|
KT
|
SSPO
|
ST
|
|
| KC |
0.61
|
|
|
|
|
|
| KT |
0.52
|
0.51
|
|
|
|
|
| SSPO |
0.72
|
0.73
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
| ST |
0.73
|
0.77
|
0.65
|
0.80
|
|
|
| TW |
0.53
|
0.81
|
0.44
|
0.69
|
0.69
|
|
| RSP: |
C/W
|
KC
|
KT
|
ST
|
|
|
| KC |
0.94
|
|
|
|
|
|
| KT |
0.93
|
0.93
|
|
|
|
|
| ST |
0.94
|
0.95
|
0.93
|
|
|
|
| TW |
0.94
|
0.97
|
0.92
|
0.94
|
|
|
| O3: |
C/W
|
|
|
|
|
|
| KC |
0.79
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table C5.1: Summary statistics of daily mean NO2 (24-hr average) by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days)
|
Mean |
SD |
Min |
P25 |
Median
|
P75 |
Max |
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
61.34 |
16.72 |
34.41 |
49.59 |
57.84 |
69.25 |
123.2 |
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
45.74 |
16.15 |
21 |
33.41 |
45.4 |
52.84 |
100.8 |
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
92 |
42.52 |
14.92 |
17.18 |
32.04 |
39.73 |
50.27 |
91.37 |
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
63.56 |
16.09 |
19.18 |
51.39 |
65.52 |
73.75 |
98.85 |
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
365 |
53.27 |
18.42 |
17.18 |
40.56 |
51.31 |
65.12 |
123.2 |
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
63.45 |
18.2 |
28.74 |
51.96 |
59.97 |
74.08 |
122.2 |
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
48.66 |
17.01 |
19.83 |
35.05 |
50.07 |
58.48 |
115.2 |
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
41.48 |
16.2 |
16.76 |
29.23 |
37.88 |
49.67 |
102.5 |
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
65.16 |
18.69 |
35.67 |
51.68 |
61.64 |
76.48 |
117.1 |
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
54.68 |
20.13 |
16.76 |
39.71 |
52.74 |
66.51 |
122.2 |
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
60.59 |
15.46 |
35.99 |
48.13 |
56.69 |
72.53 |
111.4 |
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
57.49 |
17.75 |
22.92 |
46.47 |
54.74 |
62.93 |
113.2 |
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
51.61 |
20.27 |
15.29 |
38.41 |
45.6 |
64.24 |
125.8 |
| Oct-Dec97 : |
92 |
69.41 |
19.27 |
38.31 |
56.75 |
67.05 |
78.52 |
151.5 |
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
365 |
59.78 |
19.33 |
15.29 |
46.11 |
56.74 |
71.24 |
151.5 |
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
60.17 |
11.89 |
36.01 |
52.74 |
57.26 |
66.35 |
95.65 |
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
52.85 |
20.03 |
21.68 |
39.3 |
49.84 |
62.53 |
128.5 |
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table C5.2: Summary statistics of daily mean SO2 (24-hr average) by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days)
|
Mean |
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median |
P75
|
Max |
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
20.2 |
11.43 |
8.11 |
12.51 |
17.02 |
22.99 |
63.62 |
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
18.15 |
12.11 |
4.21 |
8.38 |
15.06 |
26.12 |
52.55 |
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
90 |
17.2 |
10.38 |
4.23 |
8.39 |
15.25 |
22.75 |
51.56 |
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
15.38 |
6.12 |
2.32 |
10.34 |
14.6 |
19.47 |
32.54 |
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
363 |
17.72 |
10.37 |
2.32 |
10.08 |
15.47 |
21.66 |
63.62 |
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
17.47 |
11.32 |
3.11 |
9.32 |
14.52 |
22.99 |
55.42 |
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
17.95 |
11.88 |
5.48 |
9.14 |
15.89 |
23.11 |
84.49 |
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
21.77 |
15.01 |
3.4 |
10.75 |
17.81 |
27.77 |
74.49 |
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
16.94 |
8.54 |
5.86 |
11.15 |
14.4 |
20.47 |
53.57 |
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
18.53 |
12.02 |
3.11 |
9.93 |
15.06 |
23.72 |
84.49 |
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
14.27 |
9.89 |
4.09 |
7.88 |
11.5 |
18.05 |
55 |
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
18.22 |
13.3 |
2.18 |
8.04 |
15.45 |
24.52 |
72.11 |
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
20.3 |
16.42 |
1.93 |
6.82 |
16.7 |
28.97 |
83.57 |
| Jct-Dec 97 : |
92 |
14.77 |
15.53 |
1.06 |
6.38 |
9.84 |
15.18 |
90.06 |
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
365 |
16.9 |
14.2 |
1.06 |
7.09 |
12.36 |
21.31 |
90.06 |
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
10.01 |
7.8 |
1.83 |
4.92 |
7.46 |
13.15 |
50.76 |
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
14.71 |
10.57 |
1.94 |
5.06 |
13.14 |
20.92 |
49.71 |
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table C5.3: Summary statistics of daily mean RSP (24-hr average) by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days)
|
Mean |
SD |
Min |
P25 |
Median |
P75 |
Max |
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
58.14 |
22.59 |
18.88 |
43.61 |
56.78 |
69.12 |
156.6 |
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
40.65 |
18.06 |
18.98 |
27.48 |
36.29 |
47.27 |
110 |
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
92 |
36.41 |
17.11 |
14.13 |
25.01 |
30 |
46.8 |
91.79 |
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
70.72 |
26.01 |
17.94 |
51.67 |
69.2 |
85.48 |
141.8 |
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
365 |
51.48 |
25.28 |
14.13 |
30.2 |
47.33 |
66.59 |
156.6 |
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
91 |
60.37 |
27.43 |
14.05 |
39.9 |
61.94 |
79.44 |
119.3 |
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
42.86 |
24.22 |
19.32 |
26.72 |
37.57 |
50.19 |
163.8 |
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
37.46 |
16.27 |
17.47 |
26.67 |
33.03 |
40.79 |
103 |
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
70.23 |
23.28 |
28.59 |
52.75 |
65.83 |
87.49 |
119.2 |
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
366 |
52.74 |
26.57 |
14.05 |
31.51 |
45.54 |
68.28 |
163.8 |
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
56.85 |
21.71 |
14.33 |
42 |
53.79 |
71.43 |
142.8 |
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
45.73 |
19.03 |
17.72 |
30.87 |
40.49 |
54.5 |
120.3 |
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
92 |
41.11 |
22.35 |
14.21 |
25.08 |
34.48 |
51.85 |
143 |
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
92 |
61.52 |
23.72 |
24.58 |
45.36 |
57.43 |
71.24 |
154.2 |
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
365 |
51.29 |
23.2 |
14.21 |
33.48 |
47.39 |
65.82 |
154.2 |
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
49.17 |
16.91 |
17.52 |
35.61 |
45.89 |
62.76 |
93.08 |
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
38.64 |
22.55 |
17.56 |
26.41 |
30.72 |
42.3 |
143.5 |
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table C5.4: Summary statistics of daily mean O3 (8-hr average) by 3-month periods
Period
|
No. (days)
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Min
|
P25
|
Median
|
P75
|
Max
|
| Jan-Mar 95 : |
90 |
24.26 |
18.54 |
0.17 |
8.2 |
21.82 |
34.76 |
74.02 |
| Apr-Jun 95 : |
91 |
21.57 |
15.03 |
0 |
10.6 |
16.79 |
31 |
60.67 |
| Jul-Sep 95 : |
90 |
24.13 |
18.24 |
0 |
10.03 |
17.7 |
34 |
76.54 |
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
92 |
45.53 |
18.05 |
4.48 |
31.74 |
45.29 |
56.77 |
99.6 |
| Jan-Dec 95 : |
363 |
28.95 |
19.98 |
0 |
12.21 |
25.06 |
43.45 |
99.6 |
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
89 |
34.4 |
20.29 |
2.04 |
18.55 |
31.86 |
49.68 |
82.68 |
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
91 |
34.94 |
27.93 |
0.29 |
14.05 |
22.18 |
51.11 |
122.1 |
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
92 |
34.01 |
28.49 |
2.43 |
16.81 |
23.73 |
42.1 |
168.9 |
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
92 |
48.3 |
17.6 |
7.28 |
37.02 |
48.8 |
60.65 |
95.18 |
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
364 |
37.95 |
24.72 |
0.29 |
18.1 |
34.16 |
53.02 |
168.9 |
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
90 |
33.06 |
20.74 |
0.36 |
17.53 |
29.95 |
43.47 |
97.17 |
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
91 |
31.28 |
23.23 |
0.99 |
15.58 |
23.99 |
44.42 |
115.7 |
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
90 |
27.81 |
25.35 |
1.3 |
11.14 |
19.99 |
32.08 |
123.7 |
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
88 |
42.59 |
20.98 |
3.17 |
25.45 |
41.99 |
58.74 |
91.11 |
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
359 |
33.63 |
23.22 |
0.36 |
16.02 |
27.36 |
48.45 |
123.7 |
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
90 |
26.5 |
16.06 |
3.52 |
13.54 |
24.27 |
34 |
80.21 |
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
90 |
28.93 |
20.76 |
1.28 |
14.16 |
22.21 |
36.45 |
91.88 |
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
Table C5.5: Summary statistics of daily mean FSP* (24-hr average) by 3-month periods
| Period |
No. (days) |
Mean |
SD |
Min |
P25 |
Median |
P75 |
Max
|
| Aug-Sep 95 : |
58 |
28.82 |
14.05 |
9.5 |
18.02 |
24.85 |
38.5 |
71.8 |
| Oct-Dec 95 : |
86 |
46.26 |
15.79 |
17.6 |
35.73 |
44.65 |
54.3 |
98 |
| Aug-Dec 95 : |
144 |
39.24 |
17.34 |
9.5 |
25.17 |
38.85 |
49.9 |
98 |
| Jan-Mar 96 : |
80 |
39.91 |
14.92 |
16.3 |
29.08 |
38.3 |
43.9 |
80.4 |
| Apr-Jun 96 : |
53 |
30.61 |
16.86 |
13.9 |
17.7 |
26.9 |
35.8 |
91.1 |
| Jul-Sep 96 : |
84 |
26.99 |
13.37 |
12.3 |
19.05 |
22.95 |
29.35 |
71.3 |
| Oct-Dec 96 : |
84 |
38.69 |
17.57 |
15.8 |
24.78 |
33.7 |
48.83 |
84 |
| Jan-Dec 96 : |
301 |
34.33 |
16.55 |
12.3 |
22.2 |
29.8 |
41.1 |
91.1 |
| Jan-Mar 97 : |
88 |
39.15 |
14.21 |
15 |
28.7 |
36.65 |
46.2 |
86 |
| Apr-Jun 97 : |
84 |
32.75 |
14.94 |
15.8 |
22.5 |
28.05 |
38.73 |
92.3 |
| Jul-Sep 97 : |
79 |
29.72 |
15.04 |
11 |
20 |
26 |
32.5 |
89 |
| Oct-Dec 97 : |
84 |
40.49 |
16.54 |
14 |
28 |
37.5 |
48 |
97 |
| Jan-Dec 97 : |
335 |
35.66 |
15.76 |
11 |
24.3 |
31.9 |
43.25 |
97 |
| Jan-Mar 98 : |
84 |
43.85 |
13.91 |
17 |
33 |
42 |
54 |
83 |
| Apr-Jun 98 : |
91 |
33.53 |
15.65 |
17 |
25 |
29 |
38 |
120 |
Min: Minimum; P25: 25% centile; P75: 75% centile; Max: Maximum
* the measurements started from August 1 1995
- not available
Table C6: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (r) between daily concentrations of pollutants by 3-months periods (1995-1997)
| |
Jan-Mar
|
Apr-Jun
|
Jul-Sep
|
Oct-Dec |
1995-1997
|
| Pollutants |
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value) |
r (p-value)
|
| SO2 & NO2 |
0.69
|
(0.00) |
0.09
|
(0.13) |
0.50
|
(0.00) |
0.73
|
(0.00) |
0.37
|
(0.00) |
| SO2 & RSP |
0.58
|
(0.00) |
0.04
|
(0.51) |
0.44
|
(0.00) |
0.71
|
(0.00) |
0.30
|
(0.00) |
| SO2 & O3 (8-hr) |
-0.16
|
(0.01) |
-0.45
|
(0.00) |
0.02
|
(0.78) |
0.05
|
(0.40) |
-0.18
|
(0.00) |
| SO2 & FSP (8-hr) |
0.55
|
(0.00) |
0.02
|
(0.86) |
0.40
|
(0.00) |
0.60
|
(0.00) |
0.33
|
(0.00) |
| NO2 & RSP |
0.72
|
(0.00) |
0.75
|
(0.00) |
0.80
|
(0.00) |
0.69
|
(0.00) |
0.82
|
(0.00) |
| NO2 & O3 (8-hr) |
0.24
|
(0.00) |
0.32
|
(0.00) |
0.45
|
(0.00) |
0.18
|
(0.00) |
0.43
|
(0.00) |
| NO2 & FSP |
0.65
|
(0.00) |
0.79
|
(0.00) |
0.84
|
(0.00) |
0.67
|
(0.00) |
0.79
|
(0.00) |
| RSP & O3 (8-hr) |
0.38
|
(0.00) |
0.43
|
(0.00) |
0.57
|
(0.00) |
0.30
|
(0.00) |
0.54
|
(0.00) |
| RSP & FSP |
0.88
|
(0.00) |
0.93
|
(0.00) |
0.92
|
(0.00) |
0.86
|
(0.00) |
0.91
|
(0.00) |
Note: SO2, NO2, RSP and FSP are used from 24 hours daily average.
D. Pollutant, meteorological and hospital admissions data:
Table D1: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) between daily concentrations of pollutants, meteorological measures and hospital admissions (1995-97)
| |
Respiratory
|
COPD*
|
Asthma
|
Cardiac
|
IHD
|
| |
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value)
|
| SO2 (24-hr) |
0.10 (0.00)
|
0.14 (0.00)
|
-0.04 (0.15)
|
0.15 (0.00)
|
0.07 (0.02)
|
| NO2 (24-hr) |
0.11 (0.00)
|
0.24 (0.00)
|
0.27 (0.00)
|
0.23 (0.00)
|
0.15 (0.00)
|
| RSP (24-hr) |
-0.01 (0.73)
|
0.13 (0.00)
|
0.27 (0.00)
|
0.16 (0.00)
|
0.11 (0.00)
|
| O3 (8-hr) |
-0.07 (0.03)
|
-0.08 (0.01)
|
0.26 (0.00)
|
-0.02 (0.68)
|
0.01 (0.85)
|
| FSP (24-hr) |
-0.06 (0.12)
|
0.10 (0.01)
|
0.17 (0.00)
|
0.08 (0.08)
|
0.02 (0.49)
|
| Temperature |
-0.01 (0.76)
|
-0.35 (0.00)
|
-0.21 (0.00)
|
-0.14 (0.00)
|
-0.04 (0.16)
|
| Humidity |
0.10 (0.00)
|
0.04 (0.20)
|
-0.30 (0.00)
|
-0.07 (0.02)
|
-0.06 (0.03)
|
* excluding asthma
Table D2: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) between mean daily concentrations of pollutions, meterological and hospital deaths data (1995-1997)
| |
Respiratory
|
Cardiovascular
|
| |
r (p-value)
|
r (p-value)
|
| SO2 (24-hr) |
0.08 (0.01) |
0.01 (0.80) |
| NO2 (24-hr) |
0.18 (0.00) |
0.19 (0.00) |
| RSP (24-hr) |
0.13 (0.00) |
0.15 (0.00) |
| O3 (8-hr) |
0.00 (0.98) |
0.05 (0.11) |
| FSP (24-hr) |
0.08 (0.03) |
0.11 (0.01) |
| Temperature |
-0.29 (0.00) |
-0.39 (0.00) |
| Humidity |
-0.04 (0.20) |
-0.12 (0.20) |
Table D3: Matrix of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) between mean daily concentrations of pollution and meteorological data (1995-1997)
| |
SO2
|
RSP
|
O3 (8-hr)
|
FSP
|
Temperature
|
Humidity
|
| NO2 |
0.37
|
0.82
|
0.43 |
0.79
|
-0.45 |
-0.35 |
| SO2 |
|
0.30
|
-0.18 |
0.33
|
0.17 |
-0.16 |
| RSP |
|
|
0.54 |
0.91
|
-0.42 |
-0.53 |
| O3(8-hr) |
|
|
|
0.47
|
-0.14 |
-0.59 |
| TSP |
|
|
|
|
-0.39 |
-0.39 |
| Temperature |
|
|
|
|
|
0.19 |
Note: all p values are <0.0000
Table D4: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between two missing replacement methods of air pollution data series (1/1995-6/1997)
| Pollutant |
Old vs New
|
| NO2 |
0.9996
|
| SO2 |
0.9993
|
| RSP |
0.9997
|
| O3 |
0.9975
|
|
