11. Land Contamination

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1.1 The potential land contamination issues associated with the project have been evaluated and assessed by following the guidelines in sections 3.1 and 3.2 of Annex 19 of the Technical Memorandum on EIA Process issued under the EIA Ordinance (EIAO-TM) as specified in Clause 3.4.9 of the EIA Study Brief. In accordance with the requirement set out in Appendix E2 of the EIA Study Brief, a Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) was prepared for the project and endorsed by EPD in February 2014. A copy of endorsed CAP is presented in Appendix 11.1.

11.1.1.2 This chapter presents the land contamination assessment findings and where necessary the recommended mitigation measures.

11.2 Environmental Legislation, Standards and Guidelines

11.2.1.1 EPD promulgated two guidelines for utilising the Risk-Based Remediation Goals (RBRGs) developed for Hong Kong, namely, “Guidance Note for Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation” (Guidance Note) in August 2007 and “Guidance Manual for Use of Risk-based Remediation Goals for Contaminated Land Management” (Guidance Manual) in December 2007. The land contamination assessment should be carried out in accordance with the Guidance Manual and Guidance Note as well as section 3 of Annex 19 of the EIAO-TM. In addition, reference would also be made to the “Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land” (Practice Guide).

11.3 Land Contamination Assessment Areas

11.3.1.1 As part of the project, construction activities will be carried out on part of the existing airport island and the Sha Chau Island for:

¡ Extension of the Automated People Mover (APM) together with a new APM interchange station for Terminal 2 (T2) and the Baggage Handling System (BHS) network with a new baggage basement from the existing airport island to the proposed airport expansion area (i.e., the proposed land formation area);

¡ Construction of a new APM depot on the existing airport island;

¡ Expansion of the existing passenger T2 on the existing airport island and the associated improvement of road network;

¡ Improvement of cargo areas road network on the existing airport island;

¡ Expansion of part of the Midfield freighter apron on the existing airport island;

¡ Building airside tunnels between the existing airport island and the proposed airport expansion area;

¡ Expansion of aviation fuel hydrant system to the new third runway;

¡ Modification to existing North Runway;

¡ Modification of a portion of seawall on the west of the existing airport island for installation of submarine cable duct for diversion of the submarine 11 kV cable;

¡ Deployment of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) for diversion of the submarine aviation fuel pipeline from west of the existing airport island to the Sha Chau Island where the current Aviation Fuel Receiving Facility (AFRF) is located;

¡ Dismantling of existing seawall along the North Runway;

¡ Modification of foul water and grey water networks;

¡ Extension of South Perimeter Road;

¡ Relocation of fire training facility.

11.3.1.2 The potential land contamination of the areas where the above construction activities will take place were assessed. These construction activities are described below. Locations of land contamination assessment areas are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

APM and BHS Tunnels

11.3.1.3 The existing APM and BHS network will be extended to meet the future demand of the expanded airport. The indicative APM alignment will run towards the north underneath existing car park to the new Third Runway Concourse (TRC), while the indicative BHS alignment will run towards the north underneath existing T2 building to the new TRC, as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002. New APM stations will also be established underneath the new TRC.

11.3.1.4 The APM and BHS tunnels will be constructed by cut and cover method. The indicative alignments of APM and BHS are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

New APM Depot

11.3.1.5 The existing underground APM depot beneath the existing T2 building will be relocated to the east of T2 in order to accommodate the future APM network capacity. The new APM depot will be established at the existing golf course and car park area as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002.

New Baggage Basement

11.3.1.6 The new baggage basement will be established underneath the existing access roads and car parks to the north of T2 as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002.

Expansion of T2 Building and the Associated Improvement of Road Network

11.3.1.7 The T2 will be expanded in order to provide space to meet the future passenger demand. The expanded T2 building is generally bounded by the airport road network to the north, south and east with the Ground Transportation Centre (GTC) to the west. The expansion area of the T2 building is shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002

11.3.1.8 The road network associated with the T2 expansion will provide additional capacity to meet forecasted traffic demand resulting from the airport expansion. The road networks will be re-configured around the expanded T2 footprint with the road network improvement shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002.

Improvement of Cargo Areas Road Network

11.3.1.9 Due to the additional cargo throughput associated with the third runway, some sections of existing roads in the South Cargo Area are anticipated to reach capacity before 2030, requiring widening and realignment works to maintain capacity requirements. In addition, elevated links will be constructed along these roads. The roadway improvements are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

Expansion of Part of the Midfield Freighter Apron

11.3.1.10 Additional freighter / cargo parking stands will be built at the Midfield area to meet the forecasted demand. Stands will be located in the area that is currently used to stage construction of the adjacent Midfield concourse programme as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

Airside Tunnels

11.3.1.11 Two airside road tunnels will connect the existing cargo area to the TRC area to facilitate cargo movements across the airport. The western road tunnel will be extended approximately 1.5 km long and the eastern road tunnel will be extended approximately 1.2 km long crossing underneath the existing North Runway and connect to an approximately 3 km road tunnel that runs along the southern edge of the TRC. Construction of the tunnels will be carried out in sections by using cut-and-cover method. The indicative airside tunnel alignments are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

Expansion of Aviation Fuel Hydrant System

11.3.1.12 The new aviation fuel supply network will be similar to and extended from the existing HKIA network. The new system will consist of a dual piping network that will run underneath the existing North Runway in a fuel cell located adjacent to the western airside road tunnel as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

Modification to Existing North Runway

11.3.1.13 As part of the changes to accommodate the new third runway, the existing North Runway will be modified to become the new centre runway. Works required for the proposed modifications will include runway reconfiguration, construction of one wrap-around taxiway at each end of the runway, and two parallel taxiways and rapid exit taxiways to the north of the runway. As the existing North Runway (or the new centre runway) will become the main departures runway in the new three-runway system, re-profiling and strengthening of the existing pavement is proposed. The modification area for the existing North Runway is shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

Modification of Seawall for Installation of Submarine Cable Duct

11.3.1.14 The submarine 11 kV cable will be diverted from the airport island to the south of Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau (SCLKC) Marine Park by water jetting method. The cable will be laid from the west side of the existing airport island near South Perimeter Road to navigation channel north of the existing airport island, at least 500 m away from south of the boundary of SCLKC Marine Park where the cable will be connected to the existing cable via a field joint. Modification of a small portion of the seawall on the west side of the existing airport island (see Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001) will be required for installation of cable ducting.

Start and Daylight Locations of the Submarine Aviation Fuel Pipeline

11.3.1.15 The HDD method will be employed to install the new pipeline from the existing airport island to the Sha Chau Island, predominantly at sub-seabed bedrock level without any disturbance to the seabed. The start and daylight locations of the HDD are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

11.3.1.16 In order to provide necessary geotechnical information for subsequent detailed design of the submarine fuel pipeline work, detailed geological information on the proposed alignment of the HDD would be needed. One option for obtaining geotechnical information would involve drilling site investigation (SI) boreholes at a total of four locations along the proposed alignment of the pipeline passing underneath the Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau (SCLKC) Marine Park. As the proposed SI works will be carried out in marine environment, there will be no land contamination issues from the drilling works.

Dismantling of Existing Seawall along the North Runway

11.3.1.17 In order to construct the new land formation area north of the airport island, the existing seawall at the north of the island will be dismantled for interface with the nearby reclaimed land as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

Modification of Foul Water and Grey Water Networks

11.3.1.18 The foul water and grey water networks will be modified to accommodate the future airport development, with the extent of the modification works shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001. A pumping station is proposed to relocate to the vacant land on the southeast side of the existing airport north interchange as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-012.

Extension of South Perimeter Road

11.3.1.19 The existing perimeter road will be extended and modified to provide access to the West Support Area. An elevated road adjacent to the western emergency sea berth will be constructed to provide access between the Aircraft Maintenance Area and the new third runway West Support Area as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

Relocation of Fire Training Facility

11.3.1.20 An existing fire training facility located at the southern part of airport island will be relocated to the land formation area while the Airport Fire Contingent Main Fire Station located besides the fire training facility will not be moved as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

11.4 Assessment Methodology

11.4.1.1 Desktop appraisal and site reconnaissance were undertaken to identify the presence of any potentially contaminated land within the assessment areas. Relevant information collected and reviewed as part of the desktop study, included:

¡ Records of active (current) and inactive (past) registered chemical waste producers in the land contamination assessment area from the Environmental Protection Department (EPD);

¡ Records of current and past dangerous goods (DG) licences in the land contamination assessment area from the Fire Service Department (FSD);

¡ Records of accidents that involved spillage / leakage of chemical waste or DG from EPD and FSD; and

¡ Historical aerial photographs of the existing airport island and the Sha Chau Island.

11.4.1.2 Site reconnaissance surveys were also undertaken to identify present land uses in the land contamination assessment areas and to verify the findings of the desktop appraisal.

11.4.1.3 According to the findings of the desktop appraisal and site reconnaissance, the potential current and past sources of contamination were identified. Environmental impact that may arise from the identified land contamination issues were also predicted and evaluated in this chapter.

11.4.1.4 Sampling and testing plans for the identified areas with potential land contamination issues were proposed for site investigation (SI) works in the CAP, which was prepared and submitted to EPD for approval.

11.4.1.5 Since all the areas identified with potential contamination issues (i.e. golf course area, underground and above-ground fuel storage tank areas, emergency power generation units, fuel tank rooms and airside petrol filling station) are under on-going use and inaccessible for SI, the SI works are proposed to be carried out after removal / decommissioning of the concerned facilities but prior to the commencement of construction works at those areas. After completion of the SI works, the results will be reported in the Contamination Assessment Report (CAR), and the Remediation Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared (if contamination is identified) including the recommended remediation works. If remediation is required, a Remediation Report (RR) will be prepared upon completion of the remediation. No construction works or development of site should be carried out prior to the approval of RR.

11.5 Identification and Evaluation of Potential Land Contamination Issues

11.5.1 Review of Relevant Information from Government Departments

11.5.1.1 EPD and FSD have been contacted for the following information:

¡ Records on any active (present) and inactive (past) registered chemical waste producer(s) and any reported accidents of chemical waste spillage / leakage within the existing airport island and Sha Chau Island; and

¡ Records of any licensed dangerous goods (DG) store(s) and any reported accidents of spillage / leakage of DG within the existing airport island and Sha Chau Island.

11.5.1.2 The information provided from EPD and FSD is summarised below.

Environmental Protection Department

A review of the chemical waste producers (CWPs) records had been provided by EPD. Up to 147 registered CWPs were identified on the existing airport island. None of these CWPs are located within the land contamination assessment areas except two registered CWPs found in the golf course area, other two CWPs in the Midfield area and one in airside petrol filling station. Both of the CWPs in the golf course area are inactive. The inactive CWPs were registered during construction of the golf course, which were located at existing car park area of the golf course. However, no chemical waste was stored during that time period. The licensee of CWPs in the Midfield area was contacted. One of the CWPs was active and the other was inactive. The licensee confirmed that no chemical waste was produced from either of the CWPs. There was no underground oil storage and pipelines for both projects. The CWP of airside petrol filling station was active. Waste oil generated at petrol filling station will be collected by licensed chemical waste collectors. The chemical waste container is located besides one of the petrol dispensers. One registered CWP was identified on the existing Sha Chau Island, is not located within the land contamination assessment area as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-001.

11.5.1.3 Based on the information provided by EPD, there was no record of chemical waste spillage / leakage on the existing Airport island and Sha Chau Island at the land contamination assessment areas of interest.

Fire Service Department

According to information provided by FSD, there were a total of 98 licensed DG stores on the existing airport island. Among these 98 DG stores, 12 of them are located within the land contamination assessment areas. There is no licensed DG store within the land contamination assessment are on the Sha Chau Island.

11.5.1.4 A total of 13 incidents of DG spillage/ leakage were recorded by FSD on the airport island, none of these incidents are within any of the land contamination assessment areas on the existing airport island. No incidents of DG spillage / leakage were recorded on the Sha Chau Island.

11.5.2 Review of Aerial Photographs

11.5.2.1 A review of the historical maps of Hong Kong and aerial photographs obtained from the Lands Department was undertaken. The aim of the review is to evaluate potential contamination implication associated with any land use changes within the existing airport island and the Sha Chau Island. The development history of the two islands is summarised below and a list of aerial photographs reviewed has been provided in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1: Review of Aerial Photographs

Year	Height (feet)	Photograph Reference Number	Remarks
1990	20,000	A24564	Chek Lap Kok Island (Before Reclamation)
1994	10,000	CN6136	Reclamation of existing airport island
1998	8,000	CN21965	Existing airport island
1998	8,000	CN21971	Existing airport island
1998	8,000	CN21972	Existing airport island
2011	8,000	CW91440	Existing airport island
2011	8,000	CW91420	Existing airport island
2011	8,000	CW91417	Existing airport island
2007	6,000	CS08285	Sha Chau
2010	6,000	RS02006	Sha Chau

Source: Survey and Mapping Office, Lands Department

11.5.2.2 According to the aerial photographs, the location of the existing airport island was historically part of the open waters off the north coast of Lantau Island, and reclamation of the airport island was completed in 1998. Since 1998, the airport has been opened for operations and the land uses within the land contamination assessment areas on the existing airport island generally remain unchanged. Based on the review of aerial photographs of the Sha Chau Island, the entire island is mainly a vegetated area.

11.5.2.3 It is noted from the historical aerial photo in 1998 that there were a number of structures at the location of the existing golf course. As pointed out in the Project Profile prepared for the golf course, namely, “Development of SkyCity Golf Course” (Application No.: DIR-126/2005), the golf course site was on the cleared site of one of the former temporary accommodation for workers set up during airport construction in the 1990s, and was an open space with concrete base slabs left from temporary buildings.

11.5.3 Review of Previous Site Investigations

Previous Site Investigation of Golf Course

11.5.3.1 According to Clause 2.11 of the Environmental Permit (EP) of the golf course (EP-229/2005), the EP holder, i.e., Airport Management Services Ltd (AMSL), shall deposit the following submissions to EPD:

¡ A soil sampling and monitoring plan (SSMP) no later than two weeks before commencement of the construction of the golf course to include details of the sampling plan, parameters to be analysed, necessary remedial measures and reporting requirements;

¡ A baseline monitoring report no later than two weeks before operation of the golf course to confirm the baseline condition of the soil;

¡ A soil contamination assessment report no later than four weeks after expiry of operation of the golf course to include all soil monitoring and testing results and interpretations and if any remedial measures are required.

11.5.3.2 A copy of the EP is provided in Appendix 11.2. Copies of the aforementioned SSMP and baseline monitoring report as prepared and submitted to EPD by AMSL are attached in Appendices 11.3 and 11.4 respectively.

11.5.3.3 According to the baseline monitoring report, soil sampling was conducted at 12 locations in the golf course (see Figure 3-4 of Appendix 11.4), in which one location (S1) is at the maintenance facility, one location (S4) is at the car park; and the remaining 10 locations (S2, S3, S5 to S12) are within the golf course itself, i.e., the fairways, greens, rough and lakes. The soil sampling and testing works conducted at the 12 locations are summarised in Table 11.2. At the time of preparing the SSMP and baseline monitoring report, the Dutch List “B” standards as referenced in the ProPECC PN3/94 “Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation” (ProPECC PN3/94) were adopted to interpret the levels of land contamination.

Table 11.2: Summary of Baseline Soil Sampling and Testing for the Golf Course

Sampling Location		Sampling Depth (m)	Testing Parameters	Testing Results (mg/kg)
S1	Maintenance Facility	0.5	Total petroleum hydrocarbon	Below detection limits
		1.0	Total petroleum hydrocarbon	Below detection limits
		1.5	Total petroleum hydrocarbon	251
S2	Fairway	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S3	Fairway	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S4	Car Park	0.5	Total petroleum hydrocarbon	Below detection limits
		1.0	Total petroleum hydrocarbon	Below detection limits
		1.5	Total petroleum hydrocarbon	Below detection limits
S5	Lake A	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S6	Lake A	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S7	Rough	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S8	Green	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S9	Lake B	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S10	Green	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S11	Rough	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits
S12	Rough	0.2	Total pesticides	Below detection limits

Source: SkyCity Nine Eagles Golf Course EM&A Final Baseline Monitoring Report, 3 November 2006 (as attached in Appendix 11.4)

Remarks:

1. Detection limit of total petroleum hydrocarbon:

(a) C6-C9: 2 mg/kg (b) C10 - C14: 50 mg/kg (c) C15 – C28: 100 mg/kg (d) C29 – C36: 100 mg/kg

2. Detection limit of pesticides: 0.05 mg/kg to 0.2 mg/kg for individual pesticides.

11.5.3.4 Upon completion of operation of the golf course, AMSL will carry out post-operation soil sampling and testing and prepare the soil contamination assessment report according to the EP requirements. The results of the post-operation soil testing will be compared with those of the baseline testing to evaluate any soil contamination that may arise from operation of the golf course. Should land contamination be identified, AMSL is required to decontaminate the site.

11.5.4 Site Reconnaissance Surveys

11.5.4.1 Site reconnaissance surveys were carried out on 21 January, 21 February, 12 and 29 March, 12 and 16 April, 7, 15 and 27 August as well as 9 October 2013 to identify present land uses in the land contamination assessment areas and to verify the findings of desktop appraisal. During the surveys, the assessment areas mentioned in Section 11.3 were inspected. Findings of the site inspection together with the photographic records are discussed below.

APM and BHS Tunnels

11.5.4.2 The APM tunnels will be constructed underground of the new APM interchange station which is located at the east of existing T2 building; similarly, the BHS tunnel will be constructed underground of the existing T2 building. Both tunnel starting locations are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-003.

11.5.4.3 The reconnaissance site survey revealed that the location of APM interchange station is an existing car park for light good vehicles and urban taxi, as shown in Photo 1 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-003. The starting location of indicative APM tunnels is an existing Coach Staging Area. The BHS tunnel begins at an existing car park for AAHK staff and extends to the north. The APM/ BHS tunnels will be then constructed north underneath the Coach Staging Area (Photo 2), Sky Plaza Road (Photo 3), Cheong Hong Road roundabout, Airport Road Sky City Road (Photo 4), Cheong Wing Road (Photo 5), and then to the proposed land formation area. Since all these areas are parking lots or access roads, no sign of land contamination were observed along or in the proximity of the indicative APM and BHS tunnel alignments.

New APM Depot

11.5.4.4 The new APM depot will be located at the existing golf course and car park area to the east of T2 building as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002.

11.5.4.5 As the golf course is identified as one of the potential contaminative land use types in Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide, chemicals (pesticide or herbicides) may be used during the maintenance of golf course as well as on-site power generation vehicle, machinery and equipment fuelling and maintenance activities. However, as stated in Clauses 2.1 and 2.2 of the EP of the golf course (EP-229/2005), artificial chemical fertilisers and pesticides are not allowed to be used in the golf course and turf area. A turfgrass management plan (TMP) as stated in Clause 2.7 of the EP was submitted and approved by EPD.

11.5.4.6 As confirmed with AMSL, no artificial chemical fertilisers / pesticides / herbicides have ever been used on the golf course and turf area since commencement of operation of the golf course. To ensure on-going compliance with the clauses in the EP of golf course, AMSL will not use any artificial chemical fertilisers / pesticides / herbicides during current and future operation of the golf course.

11.5.4.7 Site inspection was made to the golf course. It was identified that there is a concrete paved maintenance facility at the golf course that is mainly used for the maintenance of electric golf carts, as shown in Photo 12 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-003. No underground or above-ground storage tanks were observed. While no sign of land contamination was observed at the facility, it is noted that the on-going maintenance activities may potentially cause land contamination when the site is returned to AAHK.

11.5.4.8 For the car park area to the north of golf course, it is used as public parking, no sign of land contamination was observed.

New Baggage Basement

11.5.4.9 The new baggage basement will be located underneath at the existing access roads and car parks to the north of T2 as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002.

11.5.4.10 The reconnaissance site survey revealed that the location of proposed baggage basement is existing access roads and existing car park for AAHK staff and Coach Staging Area as mentioned above. No sign of land contamination was observed at or in the proximity of the proposed baggage basement location.

Expansion of T2 Building and the Associated Improvement of Elevated Road Network

11.5.4.11 The limits of the expanded T2 building are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002. As observed on site, the expanded area is used for car parking only (Photo 6 and Photo 7 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-003), therefore no sign of land contamination was observed in the parking area.

11.5.4.12 According to the latest engineering scheme design of T2 expansion, some areas of the existing T2 building will be demolished and re-constructed to cope with the new T2 expansion structure as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-004. Site reconnaissance was conducted for the demolished areas. These areas are mainly staircases, emergency exits, corridors, catering storage rooms and general refuse storage rooms, but there are two fuel tank rooms located within the demolished area as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-004.

11.5.4.13 One of fuel tank rooms within the T2 building was inspected and a 1500L above-ground tank containing diesel fuel was found. The diesel fuel is used for the emergency power supply system. The tank is located on a concrete-paved ground and equipped with drip tray. Bund wall is also provided in the access of the fuel tank room. No oil stain or crack was found on the ground. Photos 22 and 23 showing the fuel tank room are given in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-004. Nevertheless, as the fuel tank is under on-going use, site investigation (SI) is proposed for the above-ground tank to ascertain any potential contamination issues before commencement of any construction works at this area.

11.5.4.14 The other fuel tank room was inaccessible for site inspection due to safety and operational issues. However, according to the room layout plan, there is a 3000L above-ground fuel tank located in the room. Bund wall is also provided in the access of the fuel tank room. The diesel fuel is used for the emergency power supply system. Further site reconnaissance would be conducted once the room is accessible in order to identify any land contamination concern for the area. SI is also proposed for this fuel tank based on relevant drawings. Subject to the further site reconnaissance findings, a supplementary CAP for additional SI (if necessary) may be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that any potential land contamination concern related to possible leakage / spillage of fuel will not cause any insurmountable impact.

11.5.4.15 There are two emergency generator rooms located to the north and south of T2 building respectively, as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-005. There is a 450 L above-ground diesel fuel tank installed within each of the two rooms. The tanks within both rooms are located on concrete-paved ground and equipped with drip trays. Bund wall is also provided around the tanks. No oil stain or crack was found on the ground of the two rooms. Also, an emergency power generation unit was found within the room. Photo 28 to Photo 31 showing the emergency generator rooms are given in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-005. Nevertheless, as the fuel tanks are under on-going use, SI is proposed for these areas to ascertain any contamination issues before commencement of any construction works at this area.

11.5.4.16 Outside each of the two emergency generator rooms, there is also an underground fuel storage tank, the locations of which is as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-005. Potential land contamination associated with any leakage from the two underground fuel storage tanks and pipework could not be observed on-site, therefore, further site investigation at the underground fuel tank areas is considered necessary prior to the commencement of any construction works at such areas.

11.5.4.17 The road network will be improved around the expanded T2 building and to the east of T1 building. The preferred option of road network improvement will be assessed in this plan. The road network will be mainly located on the existing access roads and car park area as shown in Photo 2 and Photo 8 to Photo 10 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-003. For the existing access roads and parking areas, no potential contaminative land uses were observed.

11.5.4.18 There is a petrol filling station located at the intersection of Airport Road and Airport South Interchange, as shown in Photo 13 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-003. According to the latest engineering scheme design of elevated road network, the elevated structure will cross above the petrol filling station and no foundation structure will be located on the petrol filling station area. The preferred option of elevated road network improvement will not encroach on the existing petrol filling station area as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002. There will be no construction/ excavation works at the petrol filling station. Therefore, it is not required to relocate or decommission the petrol filling station for construction of the elevated road network.

Improvement of Cargo Areas Road Network

11.5.4.19 The improvement works for the cargo areas road network will be carried out at the existing access roads on the southern part of the existing airport island as shown in the photos in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-006.

11.5.4.20 The existing single carriageway 2-lane Chek Lap Kok South Road (Photo 33 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-006) is to be realigned between its junctions with Scenic Road and Chun Wan Road. The South Perimeter Road (Photo 35 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-006) is to be realigned between its junction of Chun Wan Road and vehicle entrance of DHL Central Asia Hub.

11.5.4.21 Chun Yue Road (Photo 36 and Photo 37 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-006) is to be widened, with the addition of elevated links over the Chun Yue Raod-Scenic Road Interchange connecting to the East Coast Road Links. Chun Wan Road (Photo 39 and Photo 40 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-006) is also to be realigned and improved with the addition of a flyover from the west section of Chun Wan Road, over the intermediate interchange and the Chun Wan Road Interchange, connecting to the existing elevated links to / from the Airport Road.

11.5.4.22 Since all the improvement works will be carried out at the existing access roads, no sign of land contamination was observed in the inspected areas.

Expansion of Part of the Midfield Freighter Apron

11.5.4.23 The Midfield freighter apron is located at the existing construction site of the Midfield area, as shown in Photo 42 and Photo 43 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007. A site reconnaissance survey was carried out in the construction site. It was observed the main construction activity is foundation work. No maintenance of vehicles or equipment or underground oil / fuel tanks on-site was found. No chemical waste was observed within this area. Therefore, no sign of land contamination was identified.

11.5.4.24 The Midfield area was a bare ground without any operation before using as the construction site, therefore no sign of contamination was found.

Airside Tunnels

11.5.4.25 The eastern airside road tunnel, Tunnel 1, will be extended from the existing north ramp of the east vehicular tunnel and will run underneath the existing North Runway and the North Perimeter Road into the proposed land formation area. The western airside road tunnel, Tunnel 2, will be constructed on the west side of the Midfield concourse, also running underneath the existing North Runway into the proposed land formation area.

11.5.4.26 During site inspection, it was observed that the starting location of Tunnel 1, i.e., the area in-between the ‘Y’ concourse and the proposed Midfield concourse, is an access road restricted for airside vehicles traveling within the existing airport island, as shown in Photo 44 and Photo 45 of Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007. No sign of contamination was observed at the access road. There is a Sub Airport Fire Station and a few aircraft parking stands located above ground in the vicinity of airside tunnel. The Sub Airport Fire Station provides aircraft rescue and fire-fighting services, and is not identified as any potential contaminative land use type. Also, no record of any CWP’s was found in the area. It should be noted that stands are used for aircraft parking only, and no other activities will be performed. Therefore, no sign of land contamination was identified.

11.5.4.27 Tunnel 2 is on a bare ground without any operation as shown in Photo 46, and no sign of land contamination were observed.

11.5.4.28 Both airside tunnels will pass underneath the existing North Runway, which could not be accessed for site inspection due to safety and operational issues (see Photo 47 of Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007). However, since the runway is used for take-off and landing of aircraft, no potential land contamination along the runway is anticipated. Moreover, a runway is not identified as one of the potential contaminative land use types in Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide.

11.5.4.29 Site inspection was made along the North Perimeter Road; a restricted road for use only by authorised vehicles to travel on the existing airport island (see Photo 48 of Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007). Therefore, no contaminative land use would be identified and no sign of contamination was found on the road.

Expansion of Aviation Fuel Hydrant System

11.5.4.30 The new aviation fuel supply system will run underneath the existing North Runway adjacent to the western airside road tunnel. As mentioned above, the existing North Runway could not be accessed for site inspection due to safety and operational issues. However, since the runway is used for take-off and landing of aircrafts, no potential land contamination along the runway is anticipated. Moreover, runway is not identified as one of the potential contaminative land use types as given in Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide.

Modification of Existing North Runway

11.5.4.31 The modification works will be carried out along the entire existing North Runway. As mentioned above, the existing North Runway could not be accessed for site inspection due to safety and operational issues. However, since the runway is used for take-off and landing of aircrafts, no potential land contamination along the runway is anticipated.

11.5.4.32 There are some existing airside facilities to the north of Terminal 1 that will be affected by the modification works for construction of new wrap-around taxiways as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-008. The existing facilities include airside petrol filling station, battery charging unit, trichurator, pumping station, Civil Aviation Department (CAD) antenna farm, seawater pump house and switching station.

11.5.4.33 Based on the layout plan of the existing airside petrol filling station, three underground fuel storage tanks are located at the petrol filling station. A diesel fuel tank of 71,800 L is located at the west side of the petrol filling station, while a petrol fuel tank of 11,488 L and a diesel fuel tank of 60,312 L are located at the east side of the petrol filling station. During site survey, a chemical waste container was found besides one of the petrol dispensers. According to the registered CWP record from EPD as mentioned in Section 11.5.1.2, waste oil is generated in the station. According to Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide, petrol filling station is identified as one of the potential contaminative land use types, therefore, further site investigation at the petrol filling station area is considered necessary prior to the commencement of any construction works at such area. Since the petrol filling station is still under operation during site inspection, further site reconnaissance would be conducted to identify the exact sampling locations for the potential land contamination areas.

11.5.4.34 Battery charging unit is used for re-charging of tractors operated within the airport area, the unit is located on concrete-paved ground. No oil stain or crack was found on the ground. Therefore, no sign of contamination was found during site visit.

11.5.4.35 Trichurator is used for collection of sewage discharged from aircrafts. No stains or oil was observed on the ground. No chemical or chemical waste storage was noted on-site. Therefore, no sign of contamination was found during site visit.

11.5.4.36 The pumping station is used to pump surface runoff from aprons to drainage outfall. No stains or oil was observed on-site. No chemical or chemical waste storage was found. Therefore, no sign of contamination was found during site visit.

11.5.4.37 A fuel tank room was found in the building to the west of CAD antenna farm, however, the room is inaccessible due to safety and operational issues. Further site reconnaissance would be conducted when the room is accessible in order to identify any land contamination concern for this room. SI is considered necessary prior to the commencement of any construction works in this area. SI locations are proposed based on the relevant drawings. Subject to the further site reconnaissance findings, a supplementary CAP for additional SI (if necessary) may be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that any potential land contamination concern related to possible leakage / spillage of fuel will not cause any insurmountable impact.

11.5.4.38 The seawater pump house is used for delivering cooling water to different facilities for the operation of airport. The switching station is used for distributing electricity to the airport facilities. However, both facilities are under operation and are inaccessible for site reconnaissance. Since both the seawater pump house and switching station are not identified as one of the potential contaminative land use types as given in Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide, no potential land contamination along these areas are anticipated. Site reconnaissance will be conducted when both facilities become accessible. Subject to the further site reconnaissance findings, a supplementary CAP for additional SI (if necessary) may be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of SI and any construction works at these areas.

Modification of Seawall for Installation of Submarine Cable Duct

11.5.4.39 Site inspection was made on the west side of the existing airport island along the seawall near South Perimeter Road where the submarine cable would be landed (see Photo 54 and Photo 55 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-009). There is a public access road along the seawall area, and no sign of land contamination was observed at the inspected area.

Start Location of Submarine Pipeline on Airport Island

11.5.4.40 Site inspection was made on the west side of the existing airport island along the seawall near North Perimeter Road at the location of the submarine pipeline HDD works (see Photo 56 and Photo 57 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-010). There is an access road restricted for authorised vehicles travelling within the existing airport island. Existing underground fuel pipelines are located in the vicinity of the submarine pipeline.

11.5.4.41 Routine inspection of the pipeline system is undertaken every month for detection of any fuel leakage. The leak detection system conducts testing by pressurizing a closed section of a pipeline and by monitoring the pressure development during a time period of 30 to 60 minutes. During testing the measured pressure is compared with the pressure predicted from the relevant model. According to the latest leak detection result carried out in July 2013, it is confirmed that there is no leakage incident record for the area. Stains were not found on the concrete paved ground and oil slicks were not observed at adjacent waters and shorelines during site inspection. Therefore, no sign of potential land contamination was observed at the inspected area. Land contamination monitoring would be carried out in the form of regular site inspection during construction phase. All related procedures and facilities in handling or storage of chemicals and chemical wastes should be audited regularly to make sure they are in order and intact.

Daylight Location of Submarine Pipeline on Sha Chau Island

11.5.4.42 As the suitable daylight location is still under consideration, the possible area for the daylight point as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-011 was reviewed. The reconnaissance site survey revealed that the Sha Chau Island is mainly a vegetated area. The possible area of daylight location of the submarine pipeline will be on natural ground near the shoreline (see Photo 58 to Photo 61 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-011). No activities or existing underground fuel / oil pipeline were found at the location, and no sign of land contamination was observed.

Dismantling of Existing Seawall along the North Runway

11.5.4.43 The proposed land formation area interfaces with the existing northern seawall near the North Perimeter Road. Site inspection confirmed that the northern seawall is in a restricted area, that only authorised personnel and vehicles can enter the area (see Photo 48 of Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007). Therefore, no contaminative land use was identified and no sign of contamination was found along the seawall.

Modification of Foul Water and Grey Water Networks

11.5.4.44 New foul water pipeline will collect sewage from the proposed airport expansion area and connect to the new pumping station located on the southeast side of the existing airport north interchange. Since the new pipeline will be constructed underneath the access roads and car parks to the north, east and south of the existing T2 building, as shown in Photo 53 to Photo 68 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-012, no sign of land contamination was observed.

11.5.4.45 A set of new grey water pipelines will be constructed underneath the access roads to the north, east and south of the existing T2 building, the layout of grey water system as shown in Photo 63 to Photo 66 and Photo 69 to Photo 70 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-012. No sign of land contamination was observed.

11.5.4.46 A pumping station is proposed to be relocated to the vacant land on the southeast side of the existing airport north interchange. The new location is a concrete-paved ground without any activities. No oil stain or crack was found on the ground. None of the DG spillage/ leakage or chemical waste spillage/ leakage was recorded within this area. Therefore, no sign of land contamination was observed.

11.5.4.47 The existing pumping station is used to convey sewage from T2 building. The facility is under on-going use and is inaccessible for site reconnaissance. Since pumping station is not identified as one of the potential contaminative land use types as given in Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide, no potential land contamination along this area is anticipated. Site reconnaissance will be conducted when the station becomes accessible. Subject to the further site reconnaissance findings, a supplementary CAP for additional SI (if necessary) may be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of SI and any construction works at these areas.

Extension of South Perimeter Road

11.5.4.48 The existing perimeter road will be extended to provide access to the eastern and West Support Area. An elevated road adjacent to the western emergency sea berth will be constructed. The elevated road will be located on the existing perimeter roads as shown in Photos 71 to 73 in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-013. Road improvement works will be carried out at the existing access roads. Along those existing access roads, no potential contaminative land uses were observed.

11.5.4.49 There are some existing ground facilities located near the existing access roads. According to the engineering scheme design of the elevated road, there will be no construction/ excavation works at the location of these facilities. Therefore, it is not necessary to assess the land contamination potential associated with demolition of these facilities.

Relocation of Fire Training Facility

11.5.4.50 An existing fire training facility is located to the south of South Runway as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/3-006. The facility could not be accessed for site inspection due to safety and operational issues. Since the facility is used for fire training exercises, no potential land contamination at the facility is anticipated. Moreover, fire training facility is not identified as one of the potential contaminative land use types as given in Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide. Site reconnaissance will be conducted once the facility is accessible. Subject to the further site reconnaissance findings, a supplementary CAP for additional SI (if necessary) may be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of SI and any construction works at this area.

11.5.5 Identification of Sensitive Receivers

11.5.5.1 Construction workers are the most likely to be exposed to any potential contaminated materials in for the identified contaminated areas. The principle exposure pathways for workers include:

¡ Direct ingestion of contaminated soils through eating, drinking or smoking on site; and

¡ Dermal contact with contaminated soils.

11.5.5.2 Through proper implementation of occupational health and safety guidelines and correct usage of personal protective equipment, these potential pathways can be successfully managed.

11.5.5.3 There would be no sensitive receivers during the operational phase of the project provided that remediation actions, if necessary, are completed.

11.5.6 Identification and Evaluation of Potential Land Contamination Impact

11.5.6.1 Based on the findings obtained from review of historical records and aerial photographs as well as from the site reconnaissance survey, the present and past land uses, including potentially contaminative uses, within the land contamination assessment areas have been identified and are summarised in Table 11.3.

11.5.6.2 As can be seen from Table 11.3, no potential sources or signs of contamination were observed in the assessment areas except the golf course area, underground and above-ground fuel storage tanks, emergency generator rooms, fuel tank rooms and airside petrol filling station. These areas are still operating and currently not feasible for site investigation (SI) works. Further SI works are therefore proposed for such areas as detailed in the Section 11.6.

11.5.6.3 The EP of the golf course requires that AMSL should carry out the post-operation soil sampling and testing works in order to identify any land contamination issues and if necessary, to decontaminate the site. AMSL will then undertake all the necessary testing and remediation works, if required, after the expiry of operation of the golf course. With implementation of the post-operation soil testing works supplemented with the proposed additional testing works and the decontamination work, if necessary, by AMSL, it is anticipated that upon return of the golf course area to AAHK there would be no land contamination issues or any land contamination would have been satisfactorily cleaned up. Therefore, no adverse impact due to land contamination is anticipated.

11.5.6.4 Subject to the SI results, contaminated soil may be identified at any of the underground/ above-ground fuel storage tank areas, emergency power generation units, fuel tank rooms and/or the airside petrol filling station. Should areas with contaminated soil be identified, appropriate soil remediation works will be proposed and carried out by AAHK to clean up the areas of concerns to levels in compliance with the relevant RBRGs prior to commencement of any construction works at such areas. Hence, no adverse impact due to land contamination is anticipated.

Table 11.3: Summary of Land Contamination Appraisal Results

Location	Present Land Use	Past Land Use	Identification of Potential Land Contamination Impact	Site Reconnaissance Survey Accessibility		Need for Further Site Investigation (SI)	Evaluation of Potential Land Contamination Impact	Drawing
APM and BHS tunnels	Car parks and access roads	Car parks and access roads. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-003
New APM depot	Golf course and car park area	Golf course and car park area. Reclaimed land since 1998.	Golf course is one of the contaminated land types. According to the EP of the golf course, no artificial chemical fertilisers and pesticides are allowed to be used on the golf course and turf area. While no sign of land contamination was observed at the maintenance facility of the golf course, the on-going maintenance activities may potentially cause land contamination when the site is returned to AAHK	Accessible		Yes, but covered by the post-operation soil sampling and testing works to be conducted by AMSL	With implementation of the post-operation soil testing works supplemented with the proposed additional testing works and the decontamination work, if necessary, by AMSL, it is anticipated that upon return of the golf course area to AAHK there would be no land contamination issues or any land contamination would have been satisfactorily cleaned up. Hence, no adverse impact due to land contamination is anticipated.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002 & 11-003
New baggage basement	Car parks and access roads	Car parks and access roads. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002 & 11-003
Expansion of T2 building	Existing T2 building and car parks	Existing T2 building and car parks. Reclaimed land since 1998.	Emergency Generator Rooms and Underground Fuel Storage Tanks Two above-ground and two underground fuel storage tanks to the north and south of T2 were found respectively. Potential leakage / spillage of fuel may cause land contamination concern. Existing T2 Building and Car Parks No contaminative land uses were identified for the existing T2 building and the rest of car park area except the two fuel tank rooms to be demolished. Potential leakage / spillage of fuel may cause land contamination concern	Accessible except one of the fuel tank rooms with a 3000 L above-ground fuel tank.		Emergency Generator Rooms and Underground Fuel Storage Tanks Yes for above-ground and underground fuel storage tank areas. SI will be conducted prior to the commencement of construction works at site Existing T2 Building and Car Parks No for existing T2 building and the rest of car parks area, but SI will be conducted in the fuel tank room areas prior to the commencement of construction works at site.	Should any areas with contaminated soil be identified at the above-ground/ underground fuel storage tank areas and/or the fuel tank room areas during the SI works, soil remediation works will be proposed and carried out to clean up the areas of concerns to levels in compliance with the relevant RBRGs prior to commencement of any construction works at such areas. Hence, no insurmountable residual impact due to land contamination is anticipated.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-004 & 11-005
Improvement of road network associated with T2 expansion	Access roads, car parks and existing T2	Access roads, car parks and existing T2 Reclaimed land since 1998.	Access Roads and Car Parks No contaminative land uses were identified for access roads and car parks. Golf Course Area Golf course is one of the contaminated land types. According to the EP of the golf course, no artificial chemical fertilisers and pesticides are allowed to be used on the golf course and turf area. While no sign of land contamination was observed at the maintenance facility of the golf course, the on-going maintenance activities may potentially cause land contamination when the site is returned to AAHK	Accessible		Access Roads and Car Parks No for the access roads and car parks Golf Course Area Yes for the golf course, but covered by the post-operation soil sampling and testing works to be conducted by AMSL	Access Roads and Car Parks No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues. Golf Course Area With implementation of the post-operation soil testing works supplemented with the proposed additional testing works and the decontamination work, if necessary, by AMSL, it is anticipated that upon return of the golf course area to AAHK there would be no land contamination issues or any land contamination would have been satisfactorily cleaned up. Hence, no adverse impact due to land contamination is anticipated.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-002 & 11-003
Improvement of cargo areas road network	Access roads	Access roads. Reclaimed land since 1998	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-006
Expansion of part of the Midfield freighter apron	Construction area	Midfield area without any operation. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007
Airside tunnels	Airport runway, airside road, Sub Airport Fire Station and aircraft parking stands	Airport runway, airside road, Sub Airport Fire Station and aircraft parking stands. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible except the North Runway		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007
Expansion of aviation fuel hydrant system	Airport runway	Airport runway. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible except the North Runway		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007
Modification of existing North Runway	Airport runway and airside facilities	Airport runway and airside facilities. Reclaimed land since 1998.	Existing North Runway No contaminative land uses were identified for existing North Runway. Existing Airside Facilities No contaminative land uses were identified for existing airside facilities to be relocated except the petrol filling station and fuel tank room. Potential leakage / spillage of fuel may cause land contamination concern.	Accessible except the North Runway, fuel tank room to the west of CAD antenna farm, seawater pump house and switching station	Existing North Runway No for existing North Runway. Existing Airside Facilities Petrol Filling Station and Fuel Tank Room SI will be conducted prior to the commencement of construction works at site. Seawater Pump House and Switching Station Site reconnaissance should be conducted when the sites become accessible to identify potential land contamination concern (if any). Any additional SI proposed is subject to the findings of further site reconnaissance to be conducted. Other Existing Airside Facilities No for other existing airside facilities to be relocated.		Existing North Runway No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues. Existing Airside Facilities Should any areas with contaminated soil be identified at the petrol filling station and/or fuel tank room areas during the SI works, soil remediation works will be proposed and carried out to clean up the areas of concerns to levels in compliance with the relevant RBRGs prior to commencement of any construction works at such areas. Hence, no insurmountable residual impact due to land contamination is anticipated.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007 and Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-008
Indicative landing location of submarine cable on the west of airport island	Seawall on the west of airport island with a public access road	Seawall on the west of airport island with a public access road. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-009
Indicative start location of submarine pipeline on the west of airport island	Private road for traffic within airport	Private road for traffic within airport. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-010
Indicative daylight location of submarine pipeline on Sha Chau Island	Vegetated Area	Vegetated Area	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-011
Existing northern seawall	Seawall	Seawall, Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-007
Modification of foul water and grey water networks	Access roads, car parks and pumping station.	Access roads, car parks and pumping station. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible except the existing pumping station		Access Roads and Car Parks No for access roads and car parks. Pumping Station Site reconnaissance should be conducted when the site becomes accessible to identify potential land contamination concern (if any). Any additional SI proposed is subject to the findings of further site reconnaissance to be conducted.	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-012
Extension of South Perimeter Road	Access roads	Public access road. Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified	Accessible		No	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-013
Relocation of Fire Training Facility	Fire training facility	Reclaimed land since 1998.	No contaminative land uses were identified for existing fire training facility.	Inaccessible		Site reconnaissance should be conducted when the site becomes accessible to identify potential land contamination concern (if any). Any additional SI proposed is subject to the findings of further site reconnaissance to be conducted.	No impact is anticipated due to no potential land contamination issues.	Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-006

11.6 Proposed Further Site Investigation

11.6.1 Proposed Further Site Investigation Works on the Golf Course

11.6.1.1 Based on the Practical Guide, golf courses are identified as one of the contaminated land types with metals, petroleum carbon ranges (PCR), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), pesticides and herbicides being the key chemical of concerns (COC). Table 2.1 of the Guidance Manual stipulates the RBRGs for a suite of metals, PCRs and PCBs, but does not include any specific RBRGs for pesticides and herbicides.

11.6.1.2 According to the EP of the golf course (EP-229/2005), AMSL is required to conduct post-operation soil sampling and testing work to identify if there would be any land contamination issues due to operation of the golf course, and if necessary, to decontaminate the site. As there are no specific RBRGs for pesticides and herbicides, it is considered that the baseline testing results of pesticides and herbicides at the 10 sampling locations within the golf course area, i.e., S2, S3 and S5 to S12, (see Table 11.2 and Appendix 11.4) should be the relevant criteria for identifying any land contamination issues during the post-operation sampling and testing works. Testing of the other COCs, i.e., metals, PCRs and PCBs, is not considered to be necessary at these sampling locations because artificial chemical fertilisers and pesticides are not allowed to be used in the turf area. Therefore, the post-operation sampling and testing works to be conducted by AMSL at the 10 sampling locations in accordance with the EP Clause 2.11 should be sufficient to identify any potential contamination issues.

11.6.1.3 At the sampling locations S1 (maintenance facility) and S4 (car park), testing of the following COCs is recommended during the post-operation sampling and testing work in view of the nature of activities anticipated in those areas:

¡ S1 – testing of metals, PCRs and PCBs

¡ S4 – testing of PCRs only

11.6.1.4 With reference to the guidelines on sampling and analysis as given in the Guidance Notes, the recommended sampling and testing plan is summarised in Table 11.4.

Table 11.4: Sampling and Testing Plan for Golf Course

Proposed Sampling Locations¹	Sample Matrix²		Parameters to be Tested³			Rationale of Sampling
Proposed Sampling Locations¹	Sample Matrix²		Heavy Metals	Petroleum Carbon Ranges	PCBs	Rationale of Sampling
S1	Soil	0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	Assess potential land contamination impact from maintenance facility
S1	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü
S4	Soil	0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m bgs	-	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from car park area
S4	GW	If present^	-	ü	-

Remarks:

1. Please refer to Figure 3.4 of Appendix 11.4 for locations.

2. bgs = Below Ground Surface; GW = groundwater.

3. ü = testing proposed.

^ Samples will only be collected if groundwater is encountered during SI works.

11.6.1.5 Since the future land use of the golf course will involve the APM depot, roads and potential commercial/ business and offices, the RBRGs corresponding to the land use categories of Industrial, Public Parks and Urban Residential should be adopted according to the Guidance Note. Based on Table 2.1 of the Guidance Manual, the RBRGs for metals, PCRs and PCBs under the Urban Residential category are more stringent than those under Industrial or Public Parks. Therefore, it is proposed to adopt the RBRGs under the Urban Residential category for interpretation of the soil testing results at S1 and S4.

11.6.1.6 Consequently, AMSL will undertake the necessary testing and remediation works, if required, after the golf course operation expires. It is anticipated that there would be no land contamination issues and any localised land contamination identified would have been satisfactorily cleaned up.

11.6.1.7 After completion of the aforementioned SI work, the CAR will be prepared and submitted to EPD for approval prior to start of the proposed construction works at the golf course. Should remediation be required, RAP and RR will be prepared for EPD’s approval prior to commencement of the proposed works.

11.6.2 Proposed Further Site Investigation Works on T2 Building Expansion Areas and Existing Airside Facilities

T2 Building Expansion Areas

11.6.2.1 For the T2 building expansion area, two underground fuel storage tanks that are outside the emergency generator rooms located to the north and south of T2 building, potential land contamination associated with any leakage from underground fuel storage tanks and pipework could not be observed on-site. Therefore, further SI on the areas is considered necessary. As potential land contamination may occur during on-going use of the above-ground fuel tanks and emergency power generation units located inside the emergency generator rooms and the fuel tank rooms within T2 building, further SI is also proposed for these areas. Since the underground and above-ground fuel storage tanks, emergency generation units and fuel tank rooms are still under in operation, sampling and testing works could not be carried out at this stage but will be conducted prior to commencement of any construction works at the T2 expansion areas.

11.6.2.2 A total of four boreholes (BH1, BH2, BH5 and BH6), two boreholes for each of underground fuel storage tanks and pipework, are proposed for both the underground fuel tank areas. For each of the underground fuel tank area, one borehole is proposed at the location of the tank and the other is proposed at the relevant pipework. A total of two boreholes (BH3 and BH7), one for each of above-ground fuel tanks within the emergency generator rooms, are proposed for both fuel tanks. A total of two boreholes (BH4 and BH8), one for each of emergency power generation units within the emergency generator rooms, are proposed for both generation units. A total of two boreholes (BH9 and BH10), one for each of above-ground fuel tanks within the fuel tank rooms in T2 building, are proposed for both fuel tanks. The tentative sampling locations are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-014. The exact sampling locations are to be determined on site after removal of the underground tanks and subject to fine adjustment due to site specific conditions.

Existing Airside Facilities

11.6.2.3 Among the various existing airside facilities that will be affected by modification of the present North Runway, an existing petrol filling station is required to be relocated, and therefore further SI is proposed to identify the potential land contamination of the area. Besides the petrol filling station, a fuel tank room is located to the west of CAD antenna farm. Potential land contamination associated with any leakage from the fuel storage tanks and pipework could not be observed on-site. Therefore, further SI on this area is considered necessary. Since the petrol filling station and fuel tank room are still under operation, sampling and testing works could not be carried out at this stage but will be conducted prior to commencement of any construction works at these areas.

11.6.2.4 A total of five boreholes (BH11 to BH15), three boreholes for each of the underground fuel storage tanks and two boreholes for each of the petrol dispensers, are proposed for the petrol filling station. A total of two boreholes (BH16 and BH17) are proposed for the above-ground fuel tanks inside the fuel tank room. The tentative sampling locations are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EIA/11-015. Subject to adjustment due to site specific conditions, the exact sampling locations are to be determined on site after decommissioning of the petrol filling station and fuel tank room.

Sampling and Testing Plan

11.6.2.5 The sampling and testing plan, including sampling locations and depths should be recommended and should have made reference to the guidelines on sampling and analysis recommended in the Guidance Notes. A summary of the recommended sampling plan is shown in Table 11.5.

Table 11.5: Sampling and Testing Plan for T2 Expansion Areas and Existing Airside Facilities

Proposed Sampling Locations	Sample Matrix⁴		Parameters to be Tested⁵					Rationale of Sampling
Proposed Sampling Locations	Sample Matrix⁴		Heavy Metals	Petroleum Carbon Ranges	VOCs	sVOCs	PCBs
Emergency Generator Rooms and Underground Fuel Tank Areas
BH1¹	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m below the base of underground fuel tank	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from underground fuel tanks
BH1¹	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH2¹	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from pipework of underground fuel tanks
BH2¹	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH3	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from above-ground fuel tanks
BH3	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH4	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	ü	Assess potential land contamination impact from emergency power generation units
BH4	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	ü
BH5¹	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m below the base of underground fuel tank	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from underground fuel tanks
BH5¹	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH6¹	Soil	0.5m, 1.5m, 3.0m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from pipework of underground fuel tanks
BH6¹	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH7	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from above-ground fuel tanks
BH7	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH8	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	ü	Assess potential land contamination impact from emergency power generation units
BH8	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	ü
Fuel Tank Rooms within T2 Building
BH9	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from above-ground fuel tanks
BH9	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH10	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from above-ground fuel tanks
BH10	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
Airside Petrol Filling Station
BH11²	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from petrol filling activities
BH11²	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH12²	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from petrol filling activities
BH12²	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH13²	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m below the base of underground fuel tank	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from underground fuel tanks
BH13²	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH14²	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m below the base of underground fuel tank	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from underground fuel tanks
BH14²	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH15²	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m below the base of underground fuel tank	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from underground fuel tanks
BH15²	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
Fuel Tank Room to the West of CAD Antenna Farm
BH16³	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from the fuel tank
BH16³	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-
BH17³	Soil	0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3.0 m bgs	Full list	ü	ü	ü	-	Assess potential land contamination impact from the fuel tank
BH17³	GW	If present^	Mercury only	ü	ü	ü	-

Remarks:

1. Exact sampling locations will be identified on-site after the removal of underground tanks.

2. Exact sampling locations will be identified on-site after decommissioning of petrol filling station.

3. Exact sampling locations will be identified on-site after the removal of fuel tank.

4. bgs = Below Ground Surface; GW = groundwater.

5. ü = testing proposed.

^ Samples will only be collected if groundwater is encountered during SI works.

11.6.2.6 After completion of site investigation, a CAR which documents the detailed methodology of SI, assessment criteria, on-site observations and the analytical results from the SI works, will be submitted to EPD for endorsement. Should remediation be required, RAP and RR will be prepared for EPD’s approval prior to commencement of the proposed remediation and any construction works respectively.

11.7 Possible Remediation Measures

11.7.1.1 The possible contaminants that may be found in the potentially contaminated areas include heavy metals, organic compounds, PCRs or PCBs. Possible remediation methods will be applied depending on the quantity and quality of contaminated soil. With reference to the Practice Guide, a list of available and commonly adopted remediation methods are presented in Table 11.6 for the potential contaminated soil.

Table 11.6: List of Potential Remediation Methods

Remediation Options	Possible Contaminants	Descriptions
Contaminated Soil
Stabilisation/ Solidification	Heavy metals	Ex-situ immobilisation technique treating contaminated soil by mixing soil with binding agents. The most common binding agent is cement
Biopiling	PCRs and Organic contaminants	Ex-situ bioremediation method that facilitate bacterial growth in contaminated soil and degradation of contaminants into harmless products
Soil Vapour Extraction (SVE)	PCRs and Organic contaminants	In-situ bioremediation method by removal of contaminants by suction / volatilisation, in the form of vapours. The vapours can be extracted by applying vacuum
Thermal Desorption	PCRs, PCBs and Organic contaminants	A method to remove / separate contaminants from the soil matrix. Apply heat to the contaminated soil in order to increase the volatility of contaminants
Contaminated Groundwater
Air Sparging	PCRs and Organic contaminants	In-situ remediation technique to inject pressurised air into contaminated water enabling a phase transfer of hydrocarbons from a dissolved state to a vapour phase. Vacuum extraction is then applied to remove the contaminants
Recovery Trenches / Wells	PCRs	Pump the groundwater out for recovering of free floating products from a plume

11.7.1.2 Should remediation be required, the above potential remediation methods will be applied to the potentially contaminated areas and RAP will be prepared for EPD’s approval prior to commencement of the remediation works. As the remediation methods are well established and sufficient to deal with the nature of possible contaminants, it is anticipated that any contamination issues at the potentially contaminated areas will not cause any insurmountable impact.

11.8 Mitigation Measures

11.8.1.1 Mitigation measures are proposed for handling the contaminated materials (if any) in order to minimise the potentially adverse effects on the health and safety of construction workers and impact arising from the disposal of potentially contaminated materials.

11.8.1.2 The following mitigation measures are for the excavation and transportation of contaminated materials (if any):

¡ To minimise the incidents of construction workers coming in contact with any contaminated materials, bulk earth-moving excavation equipment should be employed;

¡ Contact with contaminated materials can be minimised by wearing appropriate clothing and personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks (especially when working directly with contaminated material), provision of washing facilities and prohibition of smoking and eating on site;

¡ Stockpiling of contaminated excavated materials on site should be avoided as far as possible;

¡ The use of any contaminated soil for landscaping purpose should be avoided unless pre-treatment was carried out;

¡ Vehicles containing any excavated materials should be suitably covered to reduce dust emissions and/ or release of contaminated wastewater;

¡ Truck bodies and tailgates should be sealed to prevent any discharge;

¡ Only licensed waste haulers should be used to collect and transport contaminated material to treatment/ disposal site and should be equipped with tracking system to avoid fly tipping;

¡ Speed control for trucks carrying contaminated materials should be exercised. 8km/h is the recommended speed limit;

¡ Strictly observe all relevant regulations in relation to waste handling, such as Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap 354), Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap 354) and obtain all necessary permits where required; and

¡ Maintain records of waste generation and disposal quantities and disposal arrangements.

11.9 Evaluation of Residual Impact

11.9.1.1 Should any areas with contaminated soil be identified during the future SI works, appropriate soil remediation works will be proposed and carried out to clean up the areas of concerns to levels in compliance with the relevant RBRGs prior to commencement of any construction works at such areas. Hence, no residual impact due to land contamination is anticipated.

11.10 Environmental Monitoring and Audit

11.10.1.1 In view of the desktop review results and the site reconnaissance findings, excavation of soil for land remediation will be subject to the findings of SI to be conducted.

11.10.1.2 Further site reconnaissance would be conducted once inaccessible areas (i.e. fuel tank room within T2 building, fuel tank room to the west of CAD antenna farm, seawater pump house and switching station, pumping station and fire training facility) are accessible in order to identify any land contamination concern for these areas. Subject to the further site reconnaissance findings, a supplementary CAP for additional SI (if necessary) may be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of SI at these areas.

11.10.1.3 After completion of the SI, CAR will be prepared and submitted to EPD for approval prior to start of the proposed construction works at the golf course, the underground and above-ground fuel storage tank areas, emergency power generation units, airside petrol filling station and fuel tank room. Should remediation be required, RAP and RR will be prepared for EPD’s approval prior to commencement of the proposed remediation and any construction works respectively.

11.10.1.4 However, during construction, environmental monitoring and audit (EM&A) is to be carried out in the form of regular site inspections. All related procedures and facilities for handling or storage of chemicals and chemical wastes will be audited regularly to ensure they are in order, intact and reported in the EM&A reports accordingly.

11.11 Conclusion

11.11.1.1 The land contamination assessment has been conducted by reviewing past and present land uses, desktop review and reconnaissance site surveys. Other relevant information was also collected from the relevant Government Departments.

11.11.1.2 Based on the findings of the site appraisal on the present and past land uses in the land contamination assessment areas, none of the assessment areas are identified as the potential contaminative land use types listed in Table 2.3 of the Practice Guide except the golf course area, the underground and above-ground fuel storage tank areas, emergency power generation units, fuel tank rooms and airside petrol filling station. Further, no potential source or sign of contamination was observed at the assessment areas except the golf course area, the underground and above-ground fuel storage tank areas, emergency power generation units, fuel tank rooms and airside petrol filling station.

11.11.1.3 There was no record of chemical waste spillage or leakage in all the assessment areas, according to the information obtained from EPD. As a result, no land contamination due to spillage or leakage of chemical waste within these assessment areas would be anticipated. Based on FSD’s provided information, none of the DG spillage or leakage incidents were recorded within the assessment areas. The reconnaissance site surveys did not identify any potential source or sign of land contamination within the assessment areas except the golf course area, the underground and above-ground fuel storage tank areas, emergency power generation units, fuel tank rooms and airside petrol filling station.

11.11.1.4 According to the EP of the golf course, artificial chemical fertilisers and pesticides are not allowed to be used on the golf course and turf area. While no sign of land contamination was observed at the golf course maintenance facility, the maintenance activities are still on-going, which may potentially cause land contamination when the site is returned to AAHK. The EP requires that AMSL should carry out the post-operation soil sampling and testing works in order to identify any land contamination issues and if necessary, to decontaminate the site. AMSL will then undertake all the necessary testing and remediation works, if required, after the expiry of operation of the golf course. Therefore, it is anticipated that upon return of the golf course area to AAHK there would be no land contamination issues or any land contamination would have been satisfactorily cleaned up. Therefore, no unacceptable impact due to land contamination is anticipated.

11.11.1.5 For T2 building expansion area, two underground fuel storage tanks, two above-ground fuel storage tanks and two emergency power generation units to the north and south of T2 were identified. Two more above-ground fuel storage tanks within T2 building will be demolished. For the existing airside facilities, the petrol filling station and fuel tank room were identified to be relocated. The sampling and testing plan, including number of sampling locations and depths, is recommended. All sampling and testing works will be conducted prior to commencement of any construction works at these areas.

11.11.1.6 Since some of the assessment areas were not accessible for site reconnaissance, SI locations are proposed for the potential land contaminative areas based on the relevant drawings. Further site reconnaissance would be conducted once these areas are accessible in order to identify any land contamination concern for the areas. Subject to the further site reconnaissance findings, a supplementary CAP for additional SI (if necessary) may be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of SI and any construction works at these areas. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that any potential land contamination concern related to possible leakage / spillage of fuel from such areas will not cause any insurmountable impact.

11.11.1.7 After completion of the SI, the CAR will be prepared and submitted to EPD for approval prior to start of the proposed construction works at the golf course, the underground and above-ground fuel storage tank areas, emergency power generation units, airside petrol filling station and fuel tank room. Should remediation be required, RAP and RR will be prepared for EPD’s approval prior to commencement of the proposed remediation and any construction works respectively. As a result, no unacceptable impact due to land contamination is anticipated.

11.11.1.8 Mitigation measures for handling and transportation of contaminated materials (if any), and regular site audits are recommended to minimise the potential adverse impact on workers’ health and safety and disposal of potentially contaminated materials.