10. Cultural
Heritage Impact Assessment. 284
10.1 Introduction. 284
10.2 Relevant Legislations, Standards & Guidelines. 284
10.3 Baseline Review.. 286
10.4 Archaeological Impact Assessment Methodology. 292
10.5 Evaluation of Archaeological Potential 293
10.6 Archaeological Impact Assessment 295
10.7 Mitigation recommendations for Archaeology. 297
10.8 Evaluation of Built Heritage Potential 299
10.9 Built Heritage Impact Assessment 300
10.10 Mitigation
Measures for Built Heritage. 301
10.11 Cumulative Impact 303
10.12 Residual Impact 303
10.13 Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements. 303
10.14 Summary. 304
10.15 References. 304
List of Figures
|
Figure 10.1
|
Proposed
Works within Geological Context
|
|
Figure 10.2
|
Proposed
Works within Geological Context at Sung Shan New Village
|
|
Figure 10.3
|
Locations
of Previous Archaeological Investigations at Lin Fa Tei and Shui Lau Tin
|
|
Figure 10.4
|
Detail of
the 1866 San On District Map
|
|
Figure 10.5
|
Detail of
1899 – 1904 Map showing Historical Villages
|
|
Figure 10.6
|
Detail of
the 1957 Topographical Map at Ha Che Area
|
|
Figure 10.7
|
Detail of
the 1915 Topographical Map
|
|
Figure 10.8
|
Aerial
Photograph dated to 1949 at Lin Fa Tei
|
|
Figure 10.9
|
Detail of
1967 Topographical Map at Lin Fa Tei
|
|
Figure 10.10
|
Detail of
1963 Aerial Photograph at Ha Che River Area
|
|
Figure 10.11
|
Detail of
1963 Aerial Photograph at Tai Wo Area
|
|
Figure 10.12
|
Detail of
1963 Aerial Photograph at Sung Shan New Village
|
|
Figure 10.13
|
Graded
Historic Building within Lin Fa Tei Area
|
|
Figure 10.14
|
Graded
Historic Building within Ha Che Area
|
|
Figure 10.15
|
Graded
Historic Building within Tai Wo Area
|
|
Figure 10.16
|
Area
Identified for Archaeological Survey at Lin Fa Tei
|
|
Figure 10.17
|
Study Area
for Cultural Heritage at Sung Shan New Village
|
|
Figure 10.18
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Study Area
for Cultural Heritage at Tai Wo
|
|
Figure 10.19
|
Study Area
for Cultural Heritage at Lin Fa Tei
|
|
Figure 10.20
|
Study Area
for Cultural Heritage at Ha Che
|
List of Appendices
Appendix 10-1 Built Heritage Catalogue
10.1.1.
Construction of drainage
improvement works for the four villages (Sung Shan New Village, Tai Wo, Lin Fa
Tei and Ha Che) including landscaping, waterscaping, utilities diversion,
temporary traffic arrangements and any other works incidental to the completion
of the Project may impact on cultural heritage.
These areas fall under the EIAO and are assessed within this report. The
built heritage and archaeological impact assessments include the proposed works
areas and areas within 50m of proposed works areas (henceforth “Study Area”) as shown in Figures 10.17 to 10.20.
10.1.2.
The key issues identified in the Brief are (1) the proposed works in Lin Fa Tei and Tai Wo which are
located in the vicinity of Lee Tat Bridge and St. John’s Chapel respectively
and (2) proposed excavation works within the Lin Fa Tei
Site of Archaeological Interest.
10.2.1.
Legislation, standards,
guidelines and criteria relevant to the consideration of Cultural Heritage
Impacts under this study include the following;
§ Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap. 53);
§ Environmental
Impact Assessment Ordinance (EIAO) (Cap.499), including Technical Memorandum on
Environmental Impact Assessment Process (TM-EIAO) Annexes 10 and 19, and
Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment; and
§ Hong Kong
Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG).
Antiquities and
Monuments Ordinance
10.2.2.
The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap. 53) (the Ordinance) provides statutory
framework for preservation of objects of historical,
archaeological and paleontological interest. This Ordinance contains statutory
procedures for the Declaration of Monuments. The proposed monument can be any
place, building, site or structure, which is considered to be of public
interest by reason of its historical, archaeological or paleontological
significance.
10.2.3.
Under Section 6 sub-section (1)
and subject to sub-section (4) of the Ordinance, the following acts are
prohibited in relation to certain monuments, except under permit granted by the Secretary for Development (the
Authority):
To excavate, carry on building works, plant or fell trees
or deposit earth or refuse on or in a proposed monument or declared monument;
and
To demolish, remove, obstruct, deface or interfere
with a proposed monument or declared monument.
10.2.4.
The discovery of an antiquity or supposed antiquity, as
defined in the Ordinance must be reported to the Authority, or a designated
person. The Ordinance also provides that, the ownership of every relic
discovered in Hong Kong after the commencement of this ordinance shall vest in
the HKSAR Government from the moment of discovery. The Authority on behalf of
the HKSAR Government may disclaim ownership of the relic.
10.2.5.
No archaeological excavation
may be carried out by any person, other than the Authority and the designated
person, without a licence issued by the Authority. A licence will only be
issued if the Authority is satisfied that the applicant has sufficient
scientific training or experience to enable him to carry out the excavation and
search satisfactorily, is able to conduct, or arrange for, a proper scientific
study of any antiquities discovered as a result of the excavation and search
and has sufficient staff and financial support.
10.2.6.
It should also be noted that
the discovery of an antiquity under any circumstances must be reported to the
Authority or designated person. The Authority may require that the antiquity or
supposed antiquity is identified to the Authority and that any person who has
discovered an antiquity or supposed antiquity should take all reasonable
measures to protect it.
Environmental Impact
Assessment Ordinance (Cap.499)
10.2.7.
The EIAO was implemented on 1
April 1998. Its purpose is to avoid, minimise and control any adverse impact on
the environment arising from designated projects, through the application of
the EIA process and the Environmental Permit (EP) system. The relevant document
pertaining to cultural heritage under the legislation is the “Technical
Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process”.
10.2.8.
The general criteria and
guidelines for evaluating and assessing impacts to Cultural Heritage are listed
in Annexes 10 and 19 of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact
Assessment Ordinance TM-EIAO. It is stated in Annex 10 that all adverse impacts
to Cultural Heritage should be kept to an absolute minimum and that the general
presumption of impact assessment should be in favour of the protection and
conservation of all Cultural Heritage. Annex 19 provides the details of scope
and methodology for undertaking Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment, including
baseline study, impact assessment and mitigation measures.
Guidelines for Cultural
Heritage Impact Assessment (04 May 2020)
10.2.9.
The document, as issued by the
AMO, outlines the specific technical requirement for conducting impact
assessments on archaeological and built heritage is based upon the requirements
of the TM-EIAO. It includes the parameters and scope for the Baseline Study,
specifically desk-based research and field evaluation. Besides, it also
includes guidelines encompassing reporting requirements and archive preparation
and submission in the form of Guidelines for Archaeological Reports and
Guidelines for Handling of Archaeological Finds and Archives.
10.2.10.
The prerequisite conditions for
conducting impact assessment and mitigation measures are presented in detail,
including the prediction and evaluation of impacts based upon five levels of
significance (Beneficial, Acceptable, Acceptable with Mitigation Measures,
Unacceptable and Undetermined). The guidelines also state that preservation in
totality must be taken as the first priority and if this is not feasible due to
site constraints or other factors, full justification must be provided.
10.2.11.
Mitigation measures will be
proposed in cases with identified impacts and shall have the aim of minimising
the degree of adverse impact and also where applicable providing enhancement to
a cultural heritage through means such as enhancement of the existing
environment or improvement to accessibility of cultural heritage. The
responsibility for the implementation of any proposed mitigation measures must
be clearly stated with details of when and where the measures will be
implemented and by whom.
Hong Kong Planning
Standards and Guidelines
10.2.12.
Chapter 10 of the HKPSG details
the planning principles for the conservation of natural landscape and habitats,
historic buildings and sites of archaeological interest. The document states
that the retention of significant heritage features should be adopted through
the creation of conservation zones within which uses should be restricted to
ensure the sustainability of the heritage features. The guidelines state that
the concept of conservation of heritage features, should not be restricted to
individual structures, but should endeavour to embrace the setting of the
feature or features in both urban and rural settings.
10.2.13.
The guidelines also address the
issue of the preparation of plans for the conservation of historic buildings,
sites of archaeological interest and other antiquities. It is noted that the
Declared Monuments, sites of archaeological interest and proposed Monuments be
listed in the explanatory notes of Statutory Town Plans and that it be stated
that prior consultation with AMO is necessary for any redevelopment or rezoning
proposals affecting the Monuments or these sites and their surrounding
environments.
10.2.14.
It is also noted that planning
intention for non-statutory town plans at the sub-regional level should include
the protection of declared monuments, historic buildings, sites of
archaeological interest and other antiquities through the identification of
such features on sub-regional layout plans. The appendices list the legislation
and administrative controls for conservation, other conservation related
measures in Hong Kong, and Government departments involved in conservation.
10.2.15.
The current investigation study
is based on TM Annexes 10 and 19 and Guidelines for CHIA. The study includes a desk-based built
heritage and archaeological impact assessment and proposal for built heritage
survey, within the Study Area(s), i.e. proposed works area(s) and additional
50m from the works area(s) (Figures 10.17- 10.20).
Topographical and
Geological Background
10.3.1.
All of the four Study Areas are
located in the widespread alluvial plains at Shap Pat Heung, Kam Tin and Pat
Heung of Yuen Long comprising alluvial deposits of two ages, namely Pleistocene
terrace alluvium and Holocene alluvium (Figures 10.1 and 10.2).
10.3.2.
Holocene alluvium is mostly
narrow in shape and cutting into the surrounding Pleistocene terrace alluvium.
They are found mainly along the recent stream courses, in relatively low-lying
areas. Pleistocene terrace alluvium, on the other hand, mainly occurs in
extensive fluvial terraces (Langford et al. 1989:104). The specific
geology and topography of individual Study Areas can be summarised as follows:
Lin Fa Tei Study Area
10.3.3.
The Lin Fa Tei Study Area is
located in the south-eastern part of Kam Tin Plain. It includes two alignments:
the northern alignment runs along Kam Sheung Road located to the north-west of
Lin Fa Tei and then connects to the river channel located in the northern end
of the village, while the southern alignment runs in a slightly southeasterly
direction from Shui Tsan Tin to the southern part of Lin Fa Tei and splits in
the south-eastern end.
10.3.4.
In general, the Study Area
slopes gradually from Shui Tsan Tin in the west (c.16mPD) to Lin Fa Tei in the
east (c.26mPD) and eventually towards the hilly area in further east near Shek
Kong. In terms of geology, both alignments are dominated by Pleistocene
terraced alluvium with the exception of the western end, which is situated on
Holocene alluvium (Figure 10.1).
Ha Che River Study Area
10.3.5.
The Ha Che Study Area is
situated on a narrow strip of alluvium located in the northern part of Pat
Heung. It is surrounded by hilly terrains in the east and slopes gradually
uphill from Sheung Che in the south-west at c.21mPD to A Kung Tin in the north
at c.32mPD (Figure 10.1).
Tai Wo Study Area
10.3.6.
Tai Wo Study Area is situated
in the southern tip of Kam Tin Plain bordering the hilly terrains to the south.
The alignment lies along the edge of a narrow strip of Holocene alluvium. (Figure 10.1)
Sung Shan New Village Study Area
10.3.7.
The Sung Shan New Village Study
Area is situated in the south-eastern edge of Yuen Long Plain, in the foothill
area of Cheung Ngau Shan in the south-eastern part of Shap Pat Heung. The
terrain lies in an average elevation of 13.5mPD. In terms of geology, it is
situated on a narrow strip of Holocene alluvium surrounded by debris flow
deposits and pockets of terrace alluvium. (Figure 10.2).
Archaeological Background
10.3.8.
There are two known Sites of
Archaeological Interest (SAIs) located within the one of the four Study Areas,
namely Lin Fa Tei SAI and Shui Lau Tin SAI (Figure 10.3) within Lin Fa Tei Study Area. The Lin Fa Tei SAI was identified in
1999 during a survey undertaken for a sewerage project (HKIA 2000). The
excavation results included a Song dynasty cultural layer and timber structural
remains preserved in a water-logged condition (HKIA 2000).
10.3.9.
Shui Lau Tin SAI slightly
overlaps with the north of Lin Fa Tei Study Area (Figure 10.3). The site was also identified during a survey carried out in 1999
(HKIA 2000). The findings included surface collection of Song dynasty celadon
sherds and cloth-patterned tiles, which suggests the presence of a possible
in-situ Song dynasty deposit in the Shui Lau Tin area.
Historical Background
10.3.10.
Three of the four Study Areas,
namely Lin Fa Tei, Ha Che River and Tai Wo Study Areas are located in Pat
Heung. It is believed that the name Pat Heung was derived from the original
existence of eight villages located in the area, which includes the Qing
dynasty founded Wang Toi Shan and Lin Fa Tei (Fung 1996:37). However, according
to archaeological findings, Pat Heung was inhabited from at least Song dynasty
if not earlier.
10.3.11.
The Sung Shan New Village Study
Area is located in the south-eastern part of Shap Pat Heung. It is believed
that Shap Pat Heung was first inhabited by some fisher folks about 350 years
ago. At that time the river course at Shap Pat Heung was still connected to
Yuen Long River. The fishing folks settled in Tan Ka Po and Tan Ka Wan near the
Tin Hau Temple they established. Later on, after the establishment of a market
at Tai Kiu Tun, former wetlands were turned into cultivable land to accommodate
the increasing population (Fung 1996:35).
10.3.12.
Information of individual
villages within or in the vicinity of the Study Areas is summarised as follows:
Lin Fa Tei Study Area
Lin Fa Tei
10.3.13.
Lin Fa Tei is a mixed surname
village inhabited by the Kwok, Lee, Fung and Cheng clans. The village was first
established by the Kwok clan during late Ming and early Qing dynasty and they
remained the main clan in the village (AAB 2014). The village however, first
appears on the 1866 Map of San On District (Figure 10.4).
Shui Tsan Tin
10.3.14.
Shui Tsan Tin is a multi-clan
village with a history of over one hundred years (Figure 10.5). It was first settled by the Cheung clan from Sha Tau Kok and who
were later joined by the Lee, Law and Chan clans (AAB 2014).
Ha Che River Study Area
Sheung Che
10.3.15.
Sheung Che is a historic
village inhabited by families surnamed Cheung, Lam, Wong and Yeung (see old
maps shown in Figures 10.4 and 10.5). The Cheung clan settled
in the village from Guangdong in the 17th century and the descendants later
branched out to form Ha Che, Yuen Kong and Shan Ha Tsuen (AAB 2014). Sheung Che
was not mentioned in the 1688 San On Gazetteer but was recorded in the 1819
version along with Ha Che (Ng 1983: Map 8).
Chuk Hang
10.3.16.
Chuk Hang is historic Hakka
village established by the Tangs of Wang Toi Shan during Qing dynasty. It is
believed that Tang Ting-kwai, the founder ancestor of the Tang clan of Wang Toi
Shan, settled in Wang Toi Shan in 1688. Later on, his descendants branched out
to Chuk Hang and Shui Lau Tin (AAB 2014). Chuk Hang was marked on the 1899-1904
map (Figure 10.5) but not the 1886 Map of
San On.
Shui Kan Shek
10.3.17.
Shui Kan Shek is a branch of
the nearby Sheung Che Village and was established by the descendants of the
Cheung clan from Sheung Che about 100 years ago. The area was originally known
as ‘Ta Shek Hang’, which derived from a nearby stream (Leung 2002:42). Note
that the village layout was marked on the 1899-1904 map with the name ‘A Kung
Tin’ (Figure 10.5), which refers to the
place located immediately to the north of the village.
A Kung Tin
10.3.18.
Although A Kung Tin is not a
historic village, the place name was marked on the 1899-1904 map (Figure 10.5). It is a mix-surnamed village established mostly by immigrants
since the 1950s (Leung 2002:44-45) (Figure 10.6 – 1957 map).
Tai Wo Study Area
Cheung Po
10.3.19.
Cheung Po is a Hakka village
established by five clans between 1740s and 1770s (Figures 10.4 and 10.5). The two founding clans
are surnamed Tang and the remainder clans are the Cheung clan from Ta Shek Wu,
the Wong clan from Tai Mong Che and the Tsang clan from Sheung Tong. A Roman
Catholic Chapel, St. John’s Chapel, was constructed in the village in 1928. It
was also used as a village school until 1951 (AAB 2014).
Tai Wo
10.3.20.
Tai Wo was included in the List
of Established Villages in the New Territories (HYK 1989) (Figure 10.5). The village is mostly inhabited by families surnamed Tang and
Choi. Tai Wo is also a member of the Tung Yick Tong, which is one of the oldest
associations established in Pat Heung (PHRC 2015).
Sung Shan New Village Study Area
Tong Tau Po Tsuen
10.3.21.
Tong Tau Po Tsuen is a historic
village established by the Cheung clan from Guangdong. Note that the village
was marked as ‘Cheung Tau Po’ on both of the 1866 Map of San On District and
the 1915 map (Figures 10.4 and 10.7).
Sung Shan New Village
10.3.22.
Sung Shan New Village is a
village of mixed surnames. It covers a vast area consists mainly of village
houses, temporary structures, open storage areas and burial grounds.
Previous Archaeological Investigations
10.3.23.
Previous investigations (Figure 10.3) carried out in the environs of the Study Areas are listed below:
The 1999 Archaeological Survey and
Assessment Around the Main Drainage Channels in Yuen Long and Kam Tin, reminder
Phase 3 (HKIA 2000)
10.3.24.
During August to December 1999,
an archaeological survey and assessment commissioned by the AMO was carried out
around the main drainage channels for the Yuen Long and Kam Tin Remainder Phase
3 project. Eleven auger holes (K1-K11) and a test pit (T1) were conducted to
the southeast of Lin Fa Tei Village. The
findings revealed artefacts and features dating to the Song dynasty.
10.3.25.
Within an auger test charred
wood remains in a dark clay deposit were identified below 1m. A test pit (1.5 x 1.5m at first, later
extended 0.5m to both the west and north) was excavated to verify the find.
Eight strata were identified within the test pit of which the upper three are
modern deposits. The fourth consisted of an orangish yellow clay with fine sand
cultural layer with incised celadon sherds dated to Song dynasty. The layer
below yielded no cultural remains. Within the sixth layer, a dark grey wet
clay, identified besides a stream (at T1, K2-K4, K8-K10) however,
well-preserved wooden components were recorded. The last two layers did not
include findings although the lowest level presented similar to layer 6, a dark
grey wet clay. The wooden remains are stratigraphically below the Song dynasty
cultural layer and are therefore likely to pre-date the Song dynasty.
10.3.26.
The wooden remains inside T1
presented cutting marks and included five wooden remain parts and some small
wood fragments. The largest wood piece (C16), a round log with a flat downside,
was only partly exposed. It has a diameter of 0.26m and one end had been cut.
The other wood pieces were also round logs but smaller in size (HKIA 2000:9).
The wooden remains were thought to be used as building material during the Song
dynasty, or possibly earlier. Only part of the wooden remains were exposed in
the small test pit and left in situ for future excavation.
EIA-074/2002. Yuen
Long and Kam Tin Sewerage and Sewage Disposal Stage 1 Packages 1A-1T and 1B-1T
- Kam Tin Trunk Sewerage Phase I and II (ERM 2002)
10.3.27.
The archaeological
investigation undertaken as part of the captioned project included two test pit
excavations and three auger holes tests.
The investigation area was located immediately to the north of the
current Lin Fa Tei alignments in proximity to Shui Lau Tin SAI.
10.3.28.
Cultural layers dated to Song
and Qing periods were recorded in the test pit excavations. The finds which
were excavated included Song dynasty celadon sherds, mid-Ming dynasty light
grey brick fragment, and late Ming to late Qing dynasty roof tiles and village
stoneware sherds. It is suggested by the authors that the finds recovered from
the Song dynasty cultural layer were re-deposited. Moreover, two very small
abraded Neolithic coarse sherds were also recorded in one of the test pits and
they were interpreted as secondary deposits.
10.3.29.
The report also includes two
built heritage items recorded in this area, namely Lee Tat Bridge and Kwong Wah
Tong (demolished).
Report on the
archaeological survey on the project of Yuen Long, Kam Tin, Ngau Tam Mei and
Tin Shui Wai Drainage Improvement, Stage 1 (KT15, KT14, KT12) (Au Ka Fat 2002)
10.3.30.
During this investigation 18
auger holes were conducted in wider Cheung Po and Tai Wo area, but no archaeological
materials were recorded within the tests.
Around Tai Wo Tsuen however, a stone core, stone adze fragment, 3 hard
net pottery fragment and a further 30 odd sherds were collected from the
surface. The latter is away from the current Tai Wo Study Area.
Report on Archaeological Investigation
for Small House Development at Lot No.837 S.A.R.P. in DD112, Lin Fa Tei, Yuen
Long in 2008 (AMO 2015)
10.3.31.
In 2008, an archaeological
investigation was conducted prior to a small house development in Lot. 837 S.A.R.P.
Two test pits, measuring 2 by 1m (T1 and T2) and one auger (drilled at bottom
of T1) were conducted within the 2008 works area. Excavated results show thick
modern filling material (c.90cm to 1m thick) above the latest cultivation layer
(T1C05) in T1 and natural terrace alluvial deposits directly underneath. In T2,
thick modern filling material (c.90cm thick) was laid directly on top of
natural terrace alluvial. Only three red tile fragments, a single brown glazed
potsherd and three blue and white porcelain sherds (possibly Wun Yiu) were
found in the disturbed cultivation layer T1C05.
Existing Impacts
Lin Fa Tei Study Area
10.3.32.
As seen in the aerial
photograph dated to 1949 (Figure 10.8), Lin Fa Tei and Shui Tsan Tin villages were surrounded by
agricultural fields. At this time Kam Sheung Road had not yet built and the
streams meandered through the alluvial plain. By 1967 (Figure 10.9), Kam Sheung Road was built but the area was still dominated by
agricultural land. It is not until the more recently that the agricultural
field were replaced by Spanish villa village houses and temporary structures
around Lin Fa Tei and Shui Tsan Tin.
Ha Che River Study Area
10.3.33.
As shown in the 1963 aerial
photograph (Figure 10.10), areas adjacent to the Ha Che river alignment were dominated by
paddy fields. By 1990 (AP ref. A22877), many of these former paddy fields had
been turned into open storage areas.
Tai Wo Study Area
10.3.34.
The general area has not gone
through significant changes in the past few decades (Figure 10.11), most of the former agricultural land near the river alignment
remained as village green. More houses were constructed near Tai Wo from 2000
onwards (AP Ref. CN27953).
Sung Shan New Village Study Area
10.3.35.
River courses located at Tong
Tau Po prior to major channelization work was shown in the 1963 aerial
photograph (Figure 10.12). The area near Sung Shan New Village was then occupied by
scattered structures. It was not until the early 1990s when noticeable amount
of open storage areas were established in the village (AP Ref. 1993_A34571).
Proposed drainage works
10.3.36. The detailed design of drainage improvement works concerns the construction of new or reconstruction of existing channels,
associated works include landscaping, waterscaping, utilities diversion,
temporary traffic arrangements and any other works incidental to the completion
of the Project. Please note that
in case there is any change in the scope and boundary of the proposed works
which have not been covered in the EIA study, AMO should be consulted on the
need of conducting further assessment.
10.3.37.
Around the
Lin Fa Tei works area, the works constitutes of
reconstruction of existing channels and deepening the U-channel. Along Kam
Sheung Road the works will include constructing of the pipes (Figures 2.4A – 2.4B).
10.3.38.
At Ha Che
River works area, the proposed works will focus on the natural stream which
will be widened and channeled (Figure 2.5A – 2.5B). The proposed channel
alignment largely follows the current natural stream.
10.3.39.
For the Tai
Wo works area, the construction of a new 1m wide
U-channel is proposed (Figure 2.3). And finally, for Sung Shan New Village
works area, the proposed works include the widening of an existing channeled
stream (Figure 2.2).
The proposed channel will be close to the current alignment.
10.4.1.
As stated in the Guidelines
for Archaeological Impact Assessment, the baseline study is used to compile
a comprehensive inventory of all sites of archaeological interest within and in
the environs of the Study Area(s). The results
are then presented in a report that provides both clear evidence that the
required processes have been satisfactorily completed as well as a detailed
inventory of all identified sites of archaeological interest.
10.4.2.
The following tasks are
undertaken in order to gather the necessary information for the compilation of
the baseline study:
Task 1: Desk-based research
10.4.3.
Firstly, desk-based research is
carried out in order to identify any known or potential sites of archaeological
interest within the Study Area(s) and to
evaluate the cultural significance of these sites once identified. The
following is a non-exhaustive list of resources that are consulted as part of
the research programme:
·
AMO published and unpublished
papers and studies;
·
Publications on relevant
historical, anthropological and other cultural studies;
·
Unpublished archival papers and
records;
·
Collections and libraries of
tertiary institutions;
·
Historical documents held in
the Public Records Office, Lands Registry, District Lands Office, District
Office and Museum of History;
·
Cartographic and pictorial
documentation; and
·
Geotechnical information.
Task 2: Site visit
10.4.4.
To supplement the information
gathered in the desk-based study, a site visit is undertaken to assess the
current status of the Study Area(s) and also
to make note of existing impacts.
Task 3: Archaeological Field Investigation (if required)
10.4.5.
If the results of the
desk-based study and site visit indicate that there is insufficient data for
purposes of identification of areas and sites of archaeological interest,
determination of cultural significance and assessment of impacts, an
archaeological field investigation programme will be designed and submitted to
the AMO for approval. Once approved, a qualified archaeologist must apply for a
licence to undertake the archaeological excavation, which must be approved by
the Antiquities Authority before issuance. The archaeological field
investigation, if required will consist of the following steps:
§
Field Scan
§
Auger Survey
§
Test Pit Excavation
Task 4: Impact Assessment
10.4.6.
The prediction and evaluation
of both direct and indirect impacts will be undertaken to identify any
potential adverse effects to all identified sites of archaeological interest
within the Study Area(s). Impacts to
archaeology are mainly direct through threat of excavation and loss of context.
Indirect impacts, however, may occur due to changes of environmental
conditions, such as hydrology, and stability of deposit. A detailed description
of the works and all available plans (with their relationship to the identified
resources clearly shown) shall be included, to illustrate the nature and degree
of potential impacts. The impact assessment will adhere to the detailed
requirements of Annexes 10 and 19 of the EIAO-TM.
Task 5: Mitigation
Measures
10.4.7.
As stated in the Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment “Preservation in totality must be taken as the first priority”. If
such preservation is not feasible, as in the case where the need for a
particular development can be shown to have benefits that outweigh the
significance of the site of archaeological interest, a programme of mitigation
measures will be designed and submitted to the AMO for approval. The mitigation
measures should be clearly listed and the party responsible for implementation
and timing of the measures will also be included. Examples of mitigation
measures include rescue excavation and archaeological watching brief (AWB).
Lin
Fa Tei Study Area
10.5.1.
The Lin Fa
Tei Study Area can
be divided along three areas. (1) Lin Fa Tei: along the river, (2) Lin Fa Tei: along river within Lin Fa Tei SAI, and
(3) Lin Fa Tei: along Kam Sheung Road.
10.5.2.
The
proposed works along the river and near the previous findings within the SAI
are located mainly on Pleistocene terraced alluvium and at its western end
occupies Holocene alluvium.
10.5.3.
The upper
south-eastern alignment within Lin Fa Tei SAI is located near previous
findings. Archaeological findings dated to Song dynasty and possibly older
wooden remains were recovered from locations on Pleistocene terrace alluvium
(HKIA 2000). The archaeological investigation carried out on the opposite
riverbank to the locations with Song dynasty findings however, presented a
different picture with a small number of Qing dynasty to modern sherds and a
stratigraphy of 1m deep fill layer, followed by Qing dynasty-modern
agricultural layer and natural layer (AMO 2015). The southern south-eastern
alignment within Lin Fa Tei SAI concerns a larger stream and existing impacts
of meandering and erosion would have been greater affecting potential
archaeology.
10.5.4.
The
proposed works will be limited to the footprints of the existing river channel
and its immediate environs or will consist of constructing
of pipes along Kam Sheung Road. The
river area is prone to seasonal flooding and the alignments partially disturbed
by previous channelling or piping works. In addition, the stream meandering
over time is expected to have limited the archaeological potential. The extent
of the previous wooden remains dated to Song dynasty or older however, are not
fully understood. Although the works are not expected to affect the wooden
remains which were left in situ, it is possible that the discrete works for
the proposed intercept drains encroach on unknown further waterlogged wooden
remains along the stream bank. It is therefore determined that some
archaeological potential exists in the proposed
intercept drain works area near the previous findings and other undisturbed
areas outside the proposed works boundary within the Lin Fa Tei Study Area:
along river within Lin Fa Tei SAI.
10.5.5.
The
investigation conducted in 2001 near the proposed work along Kam Sheung Road
yielded findings which were interpreted as secondary deposits (ERM 2002). The
construction of Kam Sheung Road, existing pipe laying and subsequent
maintenance works would have impacted on soil deposits and thus the
archaeological potential of the proposed works area along the road and the Lin Fa Tei Study Area: along Kam Sheung Road in
view of the previous 2001 findings (ERM 2002) is therefore deemed limited.
10.5.6.
Lastly the
proposed works to the west of Lin Fa Tei SAI, are restricted to the stream
banks on Pleistocene terraced alluvium and at its extreme western end on
Holocene alluvium and are archaeologically located between two SAIs. The Song
dynasty surface finds within the Shui Lau Tin SAI (HKIA 2000) however, were
recorded much farther to the north of the Lin Fa Tei
Study Area: along the river and have no other
relevance than indicating a general Song dynasty presence in the area. The
previous archaeological discoveries within the Lin Fa Tei SAI are not situated
close to proposed works. The archaeological potential of the Lin Fa Tei Study Area: along the river between
the two SAIs is deemed minimal.
Ha
Che River Study Area
10.5.7.
As
reviewed in the baseline study, the entire alignment is situated on a narrow
strip of mainly Holocene alluvium formed along a river course and a small part
at the northern end on Pleistocene terraced alluvium. As well, the proposed
works will be limited to the footprints of the existing river and its immediate
environs. The archaeological potential
of this area is deemed minimal.
10.5.8.
A small section of proposed twin pipes works under Fan Kam
Road at Ha Che are along a stream course on Holocene alluvial deposits and in
areas which have existing road and twin pipe construction. The archaeological
potential of this area and the overall Ha Che River Study Area is deemed
minimal and no mitigation measures are required.
Tai
Wo Study Area
10.5.9.
As
reviewed in the baseline study, the alignment is situated on a narrow strip of
river course between Pleistocene terraced and Holocene alluvium. As well, the
proposed works along this alignment will be limited to the footprints of the
river and its immediate environs. The archaeological potential of the Tai Wo Study
Area is deemed minimal.
Sung
Shan New Village Study Area
10.5.10.
As
reviewed in the baseline study, the entire alignment is situated on a narrow
strip of Holocene alluvium formed along a river course. As well, the proposed
works will be limited to the footprints of the existing river channel and its
immediate environs. The archaeological potential of the Sung Shan New Village
Study Area is deemed minimal and no mitigation measures are required.
10.6.1. Table 10-1 presents a summary of the desk based archaeological findings,
assessment of archaeological potential within Study
Areas during the construction and operational phases and recommendations
for further investigation or action, if appropriate.
Table
10-1 Summary of the Desk Based Archaeological
Findings and Assessment
|
Study Area
|
Desk-based
findings
|
Assessment
of Archaeological Impact
|
Action
Required
|
|
Lin Fa Tei Study Area:
Along river
|
The drainage works are proposed on mainly
Pleistocene terraced alluvium and the western end of the alignment on
Holocene alluvium between two SAIs (Lin Fa Tei and Shui Lau Tin). The Song
dynasty surface finds within the Shui Lau Tin SAI (HKIA 2000) however, were
recorded much farther to the north of the Lin Fa Tei Study Area: along the
river and have no other relevance than indicating a general Song dynasty
presence in the area.
The proposed works consist of reconstruction
of existing channels and deepening the U-channel. The works will affect the area immediately
adjacent to existing river course. The existing impacts of meandering of
river and erosion of the riverbanks would have affected archaeology within
the proposed Study Area. The previous archaeological discoveries within the
Lin Fa Tei SAI are not situated close to proposed works.
The
archaeological potential of Lin Fa Tei Study Area: Along river is deemed
minimal.
|
No expected impact on archaeology from
proposed works during the construction or operational phases.
|
No further action, however, AMO
should be informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities or
supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for the proposed drainage
improvement works.
|
|
Lin Fa Tei Study Area:
Along river within Lin Fa Tei SAI
|
The proposed drainage works are on
Pleistocene terraced alluvium located immediately adjacent to existing river
course; the south-eastern section of the proposed works is partially located
within Lin Fa Tei SAI.
Previous investigations within SAI have
shown both in situ and secondary
deposits. The proposed works consist
of reconstruction of existing channels and deepening the
U-channel. The
works will affect the area immediately adjacent to existing river course.
Some archaeological potential exists within
an area identified on Figure 10.16 due to previous findings and other
undisturbed areas outside the proposed works boundary within Lin Fa Tei Study Area: Along river within Lin Fa Tei SAI.
Existing impacts however, such as riverbank
erosion and meandering of river as well as previous
channelling or piping works have impacted archaeology within Lin Fa
Tei Study
Area:
Along river within Lin Fa Tei SAI (outside the area
identified for archaeological survey and other undisturbed areas outside the
proposed works boundary). Therefore,
the archaeological potential of the Lin Fa Tei Study Area: Along river within Lin Fa Tei SAI (outside the area
identified for archaeological survey and other undisturbed areas outside the
proposed works boundary) is deemed
minimal.
|
Potential adverse impact on unknown
archaeological findings similar to wooden remains partially excavated in 1999
located on Pleistocene terraced alluvial riverbanks along the alignment with
previous findings may occur. The
potential archaeological remains may be directly impacted during the
construction phase.
The proposed drainage
works area in Lin Fa Tei Study Area: Along river within Lin Fa Tei SAI
(outside the area identified for archaeological survey)
is
deemed to have been affected by previous
channelling or piping works and stream meandering which would have affected
the archaeological potential and no impacts are expected during the
construction phase.
|
It is recommended that an Archaeological Field Survey in an area
as shown in Figure 10.16 be undertaken by a qualified and licensed archaeologist
prior to the construction works to identify any potential remains.
No further action, however, AMO
should be informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities or
supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for the proposed drainage
improvement works.
|
|
|
|
No further impacts are expected during the
operational phases, changes to environment from flooding prevention works
should not have an impact on known/potential wooden remains located within
deep waterlogged clays.
|
No further action.
|
|
Lin Fa Tei Study Area: Along Kam Sheung Road
|
The proposed drainage works are on almost
entirely on Pleistocene terraced alluvium (and small western area on Holocene
alluvium) alongside Kam Sheung Road.
The proposed works are in vicinity of previous investigation which
indicated secondary deposits. The proposed works consist of constructing
of pipes. Existing
impacts from Kam Sheung Road construction would have affected deposits and
resulted in affecting archaeological potential.
The
archaeological potential of the Study Area Along Kam Sheung Road is deemed
limited due to recorded secondary deposits in the vicinity.
|
Although some limited secondary
archaeological deposit may be present, no impact is expected on archaeology
from proposed works during the construction or operational phases.
|
No further action, however, AMO
should be informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities or
supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for the proposed drainage
improvement works.
|
|
Ha Che River Study Area
|
Proposed
works of widening and channelling of natural stream are situated on a narrow
strip of mainly Holocene alluvium and Pleistocene terraced alluvium at
northern end along a river course, and
proposed twin pipes works under Fan Kam Road at Ha Che (also Holocene
alluvium). Existing impacts such as riverbank erosion
and meandering of river would have impacted adjacent stratigraphy and any
archaeology.
The
archaeological potential of Ha Che River Study Area is deemed
minimal.
|
No expected impact on archaeology from
proposed works including the twin pipe construction
during
the construction or operational phases.
|
No further action, however, AMO
should be informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities or
supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for the proposed drainage
improvement works.
|
|
Tai Wo Study Area
|
Proposed
works are proposed on a river course occupying a narrow strip between
Pleistocene terraced alluvium and Holocene alluvium. The works consist of construction
of a new 1m wide U-channel. Existing impacts such as riverbank erosion
and meandering of river would have impacted adjacent stratigraphy and any
archaeology.
The
archaeological potential of Tai Wo Study Area is deemed
minimal.
|
No expected impact on archaeology from proposed
works during the construction or operational phases.
|
No further action, however, AMO
should be informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities or
supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for the proposed drainage
improvement works.
|
|
Sung Shan New Village Study Area
|
Proposed
works are proposed on a narrow strip of Holocene alluvium along a river
course.
The works consist of widening of an existing channelled stream. Existing
impacts such as riverbank erosion and meandering of river would have impacted
adjacent stratigraphy and any archaeology.
The
archaeological potential of Sung Shan New Village Study Area is deemed
minimal.
|
No expected impact on archaeology from
proposed works during the construction or operational phases.
|
No further action, however, AMO
should be informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities or
supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for the proposed drainage
improvement works.
|
10.7.1.
The archaeological potential within Lin Fa Tei was
established during previous investigations and recognized as Lin Fa Tei Site of
Archaeological Interest however, the proposed works are limited to the
streambanks which have been affected by stream meandering erosion, deposition
processes, previous streambank works. As such the archaeological potential
overall of the Lin Fa Tei Study Area is deemed limited (around Kam Sheung Road)
to minimal with the exception of the area near the previous findings and other
undisturbed areas within Lin Fa Tei SAI outside the proposed works boundary.
The extent of the wooden archaeological remains excavated in 1999, is unknown
at this stage and potential for further remain cannot be excluded. The works are discrete and limited to the
stream banks and it is recommended that an Archaeological Survey be undertaken
prior to the construction phase within the area marked on Figure 10.16. The Archaeological
Survey should include a programme of fieldscan, auger testing and test pit
excavation (or narrow trenches) along the riverbanks. The scope and exact
location of testing should be proposed by the qualified archaeologist (and
team) undertaking the survey and agreed with AMO prior to implementation. Tentatively
and subject to agreement with AMO, fieldscan, where possible, twenty auger
tests and four 5 by 1m narrow trenches are proposed to further assess the
archaeological potential of the area.
10.7.2.
The Archaeological Survey should be undertaken by a qualified
archaeologist who obtains a licence under the
Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap. 53). The Archaeological
Survey will identify prior to the construction works any potential remains. If significant remains are
uncovered, the AMO should be notified and mitigation and/or an
appropriate way forward should be formulated and implemented in agreement with
AMO.
10.7.3.
The
archaeological potential at the other Study Areas, i.e. Tai Wo Study Area, Ha
Che River Study Area and Sung Shan New Village Study Area is deemed minimal
based on known archaeological information and location of works i.e. focus on
river banks which would have affected soil deposit through meandering,
erosional processes and previous stream bank works. The proposed drainage works at Lin
Fa Tei Study Area (outside the area identified for archaeological survey), Tai
Wo Study Area, Ha Che River Study
Area
and Sung Shan New Village Study Area are generally not expected to
impact on archaeology during the construction and operational phases and
no mitigation is required. The AMO should be
informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities or supposed
antiquities in the course of excavation for any of the proposed drainage
improvement works outside of the area identified for
archaeological survey, so that appropriate mitigation
measures, if needed, can be timely formulated and implemented in agreement with
AMO.
10.7.4.
Built Heritage Impact
Assessment Methodology
10.7.5.
A Baseline Study based on the Guidelines
for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment is undertaken to determine the
presence of built heritage resources in the Study Area(s) (generally, within
the site boundary and a boundary of 50m around all work areas). Research will include gathering information
from the following sources:
·
List of Declared Monuments,
Proposed Monuments and Graded Buildings as issued by AMO;
·
Published and unpublished
papers and studies;
·
Publications on relevant
historical, anthropological and other cultural studies;
·
Unpublished archival, papers, records;
collections and libraries of tertiary institutions;
·
Historical documents which can
be found in Public Records Office, Lands Registry, District Lands Office,
District Office, Museum of History;
·
Cartographic and pictorial
documentation; and
·
Previous Built Heritage Impact
Assessments (BHIA) in the Study Areas.
10.7.6.
If the desk-based research
identifies additional built heritage resources may be within the Study Area(s)
and may be affected a Built Heritage Survey should be undertaken.
10.7.7.
The purpose of the built
heritage survey is to identify all built heritage resources within or near the
Study Area(s). The BHIA survey must
adhere to the above cited guidelines and provide adequate information to fulfil
the relevant requirements as set out in Annexes 10 and 19 of the Technical
Memorandum on the EIA Ordinance (TM-EIAO).
10.7.8.
The scope of the items to be
included in the Built Heritage Survey should in particular follow the Guidelines
for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment issued by AMO to compile a
comprehensive inventory of cultural heritages within the Study Area(s).
Surveyed resources that would be included in the Built Heritage Survey are:
(i)
all declared monuments;
(ii)
all proposed monuments;
(iii)
all buildings/ structures/ sites graded or
proposed to be graded by the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB);
(iv)
Government historic sites identified by AMO;
(v)
buildings/ structures/ sites of high
architectural / historical significance and interest which are not included in
items (i) to (iv) above.
(vi)
cultural landscapes include places associated
with historic event, activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural or
aesthetic values, such as sacred religious sites, battlefields, a setting for
buildings or structures of architectural or archaeological importance, historic
field patterns, clan graves, old tracks, fung shui woodlands and ponds, etc.
10.7.9.
The information gathered from
the built heritage survey then would be used to identify impacts and prepared
mitigation recommendations (where necessary) for all of the resources
identified in the survey.
10.7.10.
Identification of both direct
and indirect impacts that may affect the built heritage resources within the
Study Area(s) will be undertaken next. Potential impacts may include the need
to remove or demolish heritage structures, structural damage to heritage
resources due to blast or other construction vibration, access limitation or
damage from machinery to resources during construction stage.
10.7.11.
Preservation in-situ will
always be the first priority for sites of Cultural Heritage. If preservation in totality is not
practicable, mitigation will be proposed to minimize the degree of adverse
impact to the greatest possible extent.
Besides, any disturbance to sites of Cultural Heritage that may cause
physical damage should be avoided wherever practicable through alteration of
design, construction method or protective measures as appropriate.
10.7.12.
The following classification of
impact will be used:
§ Beneficial Impact: The impact is beneficial if the project will enhance the preservation of
the heritage site(s);
§ Acceptable Impact: If the assessment indicates that there will be no significant effects
on the heritage site(s);
§ Acceptable Impact with Mitigation: If there will be some adverse effects, but if these can be eliminated,
reduced or offset to a large extent by specific measures, such as conduct a
follow-up Conservation Proposal or Conservation Management Plan for the
affected heritage site(s) before commencement of work in order to avoid any
inappropriate or unnecessary interventions to the building;
§ Unacceptable Impact: If the adverse effects are considered to be too excessive and are
unable to mitigate practically; and
§ Undetermined Impact: If the significant adverse effects are likely, but the extent to which
they may occur or may be mitigated cannot be determined from the study. Further
detailed study will be required for the specific effects in question.
10.8.1.
A total of 3 Graded Historic
Buildings are located in proximity of the works areas.
A brief description of the 3 graded historic buildings (Figures 10.13-15) follows;
GB-01 Lee
Tat Bridge, Shui Tsan Tin (Grade 3) within the Lin Fa Tei Study Area (Figure 10.13)
GB-02 Lan
Fong Study Hall, Chuk Hang, Pat Heung (Grade 3) in proximity to the Ha Che River Study Area (Figure 10.14)
GB-03 St
John’s Chapel, No.2 Cheung Po, Pat Heung (Grade 2) within the Tai Wo Study Area (Figure 10.15)
10.8.2.
Brief description of recorded
Graded Historic Buildings is presented in Built Heritage Catalogue in Appendix
10-1.
10.9.1.
The proposed works are largely
limited to the stream and river banks however, impacts may be related to ground
borne vibration, ground settlement or tilting plant moving and access.
10.9.2.
Special
attention should be paid to avoid adverse physical impact arising from the
proposed works to the historic buildings. Design proposal,
method of works and choice of machinery should be targeted to minimize adverse
impacts to the graded historic buildings. Works
boundary should be set away from the graded historic buildings as far as
practical. Excavation works in close vicinity should not jeopardize stability
of the graded historic buildings. It should
not undermine or cause damage to its foundation. Foundation information of the
graded historic buildings shall be verified on
site if needed, sufficient lateral support should be provided and de-watering
(if required) should be carried out with great cautions to control ground
movement and change of ground water regime at the site. If there is any works proposal affecting the graded historic
buildings
including its substructure, design proposal, impact assessment and mitigation
measures should be submitted for AMO's consideration.
10.9.3.
The impact assessment for the Graded Historic Buildings are presented in following Tables 10-2.
Table
10-2 Impact assessment for the Graded Historic
Buildings
|
Resource
|
Figure Ref
|
Description of Proposed Works
|
Minimum Distance from Works Boundary
|
Impact Assessment
|
|
GB-01
Lee Tat Bridge, Shui Tsan Tin
(Grade 3)
|
10.13
|
Reconstruction of existing
channels and associated works in Lin Fa Tei Study Area. The proposed works at the downstream (near the Bridge) will consist of
an approximately 2m wide rectangular channel adjacent to the entrance of Lin
Fa Tei village to be deepened along the original alignment without natural
bedding and with part of the flow diverted to the proposed 1650mm dia. storm
drains underneath Kam Sheung Road.
|
13.3m
|
The
structure may be damaged by ground borne vibration, ground settlement or
tilting and contact with machinery and equipment during the construction
works.
Acceptable Impact with Mitigation
|
|
GB-02
Lan Fong Study Hall, Chuk Hang
(Grade 3)
|
10.14
|
Widening
and channelling of natural stream and associated works in Ha Che River Study Area. The existing stream is proposed to be upgraded to a 3m
(W) by 2m (H) rectangular channel along the original alignment.
|
57.7m
|
The
structure may be damaged by ground borne vibration, ground settlement or
tilting and contact with machinery and equipment during the construction
works.
Acceptable Impact with Mitigation
|
|
GB-03
St John’s Chapel, Cheung Po
(Grade 2)
|
10.15
|
Construction of a new 1m wide U-channel within the
natural stream and associated works in Tai Wo Study Area. The works consist of 1m (W) by 1.5m (H) open
rectangular channel construction along the existing low-lying area at the
southwest corner of Tai Wo connecting to the engineering channel at the west.
|
46.4m
|
The
structure may be damaged by ground borne vibration, ground settlement or
tilting and contact with machinery and equipment during the construction
works.
Acceptable Impact with Mitigation
|
10.10.1.
Mitigation measures are recommended
based upon the findings of the impact assessment and are presented in Tables
10-3 below. The descriptions below
will provide the detailed requirements for each of the mitigation actions.
Pre and Post Condition
Survey (CS)
10.10.2.
A condition survey for Declared
Monuments, Proposed Monuments and Graded buildings by AAB and buildings
proposed to be graded by AAB that may be affected by ground-borne vibration, ground settlement or tilting will be carried out
by qualified building surveyor or structural engineer in advance of works and
after completion of works. The Condition Survey Reports should contain
descriptions of the structure, identification of fragile elements, an appraisal
of the condition and working methods for any proposed monitoring and
precautionary measures that are or were recommended with aid of photo records.
10.10.3.
The condition survey reports
for the Declared Monuments, Proposed Monuments and graded buildings by AAB and
buildings proposed to be graded by AAB must be submitted to AMO for comment
before construction activities commence and after the works have been
completed. The location of proposed monitoring points in the building should
avoid damaging the historic fabric and approved by the owner. The contractor
should implement the approved monitoring and precautionary measures.
Vibration, Settlement
and Tilting Monitoring (VM)
10.10.4. Vibration, settlement and tilting monitoring should be undertaken
during the construction works to ensure that safe levels of vibration, settlement
or tilting are not exceeded. An Alert, Alarm and Action (AAA) vibration limit
set at 5 / 6 / 7.5 mm/s for Grade 2 and 3 historic buildings, settlement limit
set at 6/8/10mm, and tilting limit set at 1/2000; 1/1500; 1/1000 should be
adopted. The condition survey report should highlight if the limit should be
lowered after the detailed study of the condition of the buildings and
structures. A monitoring schedule, the location of monitoring equipment, the
frequency of monitoring, reporting requirements and action plan should be
included in the condition survey report. The location of any monitoring
equipment in the building must be approved by the owner before installation.
10.10.5.
Monitoring proposal, including
checkpoint locations, installation details, response actions for each of the
AAA levels and frequency of monitoring should be submitted for AMO's
consideration. Installation of monitoring checkpoints shall be carried out in
great care and adequate protection shall be provided so as to avoid unnecessary
disturbance / damage to the historic fabrics. Photo records of monitoring
checkpoints shall be submitted upon installation for AMO's records. Monitoring
records should be submitted to AMO on regular basis and alert AMO should the
monitoring reach AAA levels.
10.10.6.
The recommended mitigation
measures for the Graded Buildings are presented in Tables 10-3.
Table
10-3 Mitigation Recommendations for Graded
Historic Building
|
Resource
|
Figure Ref
|
Impact Assessment
|
Mitigation Recommendations
|
|
GB-01
Lee
Tat Bridge, Shui Tsan Tin
(Grade
3)
|
10.13
|
The
bridge is located near the boundary of the drainage works, 13.3m from
proposed works. It may be damaged by ground borne vibration, ground
settlement or tilting and contact with machinery and equipment during the
construction works.
|
Condition survey and vibration, settlement
and tilting monitoring are recommended for Lee Tat Bridge
|
|
GB-02
Lan
Fong Study Hall, Chuk Hang
(Grade
3)
|
10.14
|
The
Study Hall is located 57.7m from the proposed works. It may be damaged by
ground borne vibration, ground settlement or tilting and contact with
machinery and equipment during the construction works.
|
Condition survey and vibration, settlement
and tilting monitoring are recommended for Lan Fong Study Hall
|
|
GB-03
St
John’s Chapel, Cheung Po
(Grade
2)
|
10.15
|
The
chapel is located 46.4m from the proposed works. It may be damaged by ground
borne vibration, ground settlement or tilting and contact with machinery and
equipment during the construction works.
|
Condition survey, and vibration, settlement
and tilting monitoring are recommended for St John’s Chapel
|
10.11.1.
There are no expected
cumulative impacts to archaeology or built heritage arising from the proposed
works.
10.12.1.
There are no expected residual
impacts to archaeology or built heritage arising from the proposed works.
10.13.1.
Mitigation is required for
archaeology within the Lin Fa Tei Site of Archaeological Interest within the
area marked on Figure 10.16. A programme of
Archaeological Survey should be implemented prior to the construction phase by
a qualified archaeologist. The qualified archaeologist should apply for a
licence under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap. 53) prior to
commencement. Scope and methodology of the Archaeological Survey should be
agreed with Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO)
prior to implementation. Tentatively
and subject to agreement with AMO, a fieldscan, where possible, twenty auger
tests and four 5 by 1m narrow trenches are proposed to further assess the
archaeological potential of the area. If significant remains are
uncovered, the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) should be notified and
mitigation and/or an appropriate way forward should be formulated and
implemented in agreement with AMO.
10.13.2.
It is recommended that the AMO be informed immediately in case of discovery of
antiquities or supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for the
proposed drainage improvement works in Study Areas other than the area
marked on Figure 10.16, so
further action if needed can be timely formulated and implemented in agreement
with AMO.
10.13.3. A qualified building surveyor or qualified structural engineer shall
be employed to conduct the condition survey of Lee Tat Bridge (Grade 3) in Shui
Tsan Tin, Lan Fong Study Hall (Grade 3) in
Chuk Hang and St John’s Chapel (Grade 2), Cheung Po. The
condition survey report for the three graded historic buildings must be
submitted to AMO for comment before construction activities commence. The location of proposed monitoring points in
the building or structure should avoid damaging the historic fabric and
approved by the owner. The contractor should implement the approved monitoring
and precautionary measures.
10.13.4.
An Alert, Alarm and Action
(AAA) vibration limit set at 5 / 6 / 7.5 mm/s, settlement limit set at
6/8/10mm, and tilting limit set at 1/2000; 1/1500; 1/1000 should be adopted for
the Grade 3 Lee Tat Bridge, Grade 3 Lan Fong Study Hall and Grade 2 St John’s Chapel but is subject to the results
of the condition survey recommendations.
10.14.1. The proposed drainage works are generally not expected to impact on
archaeology during the construction or operational phases with the exception of
an archaeological potential area within Lin Fa Tei Site of Archaeological
Interest near the previous findings of wooden remains. It is recommended that an archaeological
survey be undertaken for proposed intercept drain works near the previous
findings (see Figure 10.16) prior to the construction
phase by a qualified archaeologist who obtains a licence under the
Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Cap. 53). If significant remains are
uncovered, the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) should be notified
and mitigation and/or an appropriate way forward should be formulated and
implemented in agreement with AMO.
10.14.2.
Furthermore and as a precautionary measure, the Antiquities and Monuments
Office (AMO) should be informed immediately in case of discovery of antiquities
or supposed antiquities in the course of excavation for any of the proposed
drainage improvement works outside of the area identified for
archaeological survey, so that
appropriate action, if needed, can be timely formulated and implemented in
agreement with AMO.
10.14.3.
Three graded historic
buildings, Lee Tat Bridge in Shui Tsan Tin, Lan Fong Study Hall in Chuk Hang
and St. John’s Chapel in Cheung Po are located in proximity of the proposed
works and require mitigation during the construction phase.
AAB 2014. Historic Building Appraisals. Accessed from: https://www.aab.gov.hk/historicbuilding/en/
AMO 2015. Report on Archaeological Investigation for Small House
Development at Lot No.837 S.A.R.P. in DD112, Lin Fa Tei, Yuen Long in 2008《2008年元朗蓮花地丈量約份112約第837.S.A RP號地段小型屋宇考古調查報告》，2015年6月。 [YL79]
Au Ka Fat 2002. Report on the archaeological survey on the project of
Yuen Long, Kam Tin, Ngau Tam Mei and Tin Shui Wai Drainage Improvement, Stage 1
(KT15, KT14, KT12)
ERM 2002. EIA-074/2002.
Yuen Long and Kam Tin Sewerage and Sewage Disposal Stage 1 Packages 1A-1T and
1B-1T - Kam Tin Trunk Sewerage Phase I and II. (unpublished report)
Fung, C.M. 1996. Yuen Long
Historical Relics and Monuments. Hong Kong: Yuen Long District Board.
Geotechnical Control Office
1988. Hong Kong Geological Survey: Yuen Long, Sheet 6. Series HGM20.
Heung Yee Kuk 1989. List of
Established Villages in the New Territories.
HKIA 2000. The 1999 Archaeological
Survey and Assessment around the Main Drainage Channels in Yuen Long and Kam
Tin, Remainder Phase 3. (unpublished report)
Langford, R.L., Lai, K.W.,
Arthurton, R.S. & Shaw, R. 1989. Geology of the Western New Territories.
Hong Kong: Geotechnical Control Office, Civil Engineering Services Department.
Ng Peter Y.L. 1983. New Peace County. Hong
Kong University Press, HKU.
Pat Heung Rural Committee
(PHRC) 2015. Tung Yick Tong. 同益堂. http://www.patheung.com/tung_yick.htm Assessed on 30.09.15
梁煦華:
<<穿村 : 鄉郊歷史､傳聞與鄉情>> (香港: 天地圖書有限公司, 2002年)｡ (Leung 2002)
Aerial Photographs (AP)
(Survey & Mapping Office, Lands Department):
1949_6018; 1963_8274;
1963_7831; 1963_8502; 1990_A22877; 1993_A34571; 2000_CN27953
Old Maps:
Empson,
H. 1992. Mapping Hong Kong: A Historical
Atlas. Hong Kong: The Government Printer.
(1866)
The Volonteri Map of Sun On District
(1899-1904)
The 2 inch to 1 mile series (reduced)
(1915)
A revision of The 2 inch to 1 mile series (reduced)
War
Office 1957. Series L88L1 Sheet 10, (Scale 1:25000)
Public
Works Department 1967. Area 5 Yuen Long, (Scale 1:9066)