12 Landscape and Visual

12.1 Introduction

12.1.1.1 This section identifies and assesses the potential landscape and visual impacts arising from the proposed Project. Based on the impact identified, landscape and visual mitigation measures are proposed to alleviate any potential adverse impact.

12.1.1.2 Landscape and visual impacts assessment are assessed in accordance with the criteria and guidelines as stated in Annexes 10 and 18 of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM) and the EIAO Guidance Note No. 8/2010 on “Preparation of Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance”, as well as the requirements given in Clause 3.4.12 and Appendix J of the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB-320/2019).

12.1.1.3 The assessment area for landscape impact assessment shall include areas within a 100m distance from the Project boundary and any other areas likely to be impacted by the Project. The assessment area for the visual impact assessment shall be defined by the visual envelope of the Project. The assessment area and the visual envelope are shown in Figure 12.1 and Figure 12.6 respectively.

12.1.1.4 The site location and the details of the Project are described in Section 2 of this Report. The details of the revitalisation works would be subject to detailed design stage, including actual alignment of the low flow channel and dimensions of proposed above-ground structures [[e.g. viewing decks, revamp of existing footbridges/bridges, revamp/provision of footpaths, pavilions (in form of sheltered benches / seating) and visitor facilities for amenity areas (e.g. riparian walkway, UV disinfection system, toilet and management office)]. Finish level and top level of proposed structures for enhancement of public open spaces based on the latest design are provided in below Table 12.1.

Table 12.1 Elevation of Proposed Features

Feature	Elevation of Finished Level (mPD)	Elevation of Top Level (mPD)
New revamped bridge (Mei Tin Estate)	+10.0	+13.0
New revamped bridge (Mei Lam Estate)	+7.5	+10.5
Cantilever decking platforms near Mei Tin Estate	+10.0	-
Pavilions (in form of sheltered benches / seating)	+10.0	+12.5
Visitor facilities beneath Shing Mun Tunnel Road (UV disinfection system, toilet and management office)	+7.2	+10.2 to +13.2

12.2 Environmental Legislation, Standards and Assessment Criteria

12.2.1.1 Legislation and standards that are relevant to the consideration of landscape and visual impacts under this assessment include the following:

· Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap. 499) and the Technical Memorandum on EIA Process (EIAO-TM), particularly Annexes 10 and 18;

· Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance Guidance Note No. 8/2010;

· Town Planning Ordinance (Cap. 131);

· Country Park Ordinance (Cap 208);

· Animals and Plants (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance (Cap 187A);

· Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586);

· Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines Chapters 4, 10 and 11;

· Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) Nature Conservation Practice Note No. 2 - Measurement of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH);

· DEVB TC(W) No. 6/2015 - Maintenance of Vegetation and Hard Landscape Features;

· DEVB TC(W) No. 4/2020 - Tree Preservation;

· DEVB TC(W) No. 5/2020 – Registration and Preservation of Old and Valuable Trees;

· ETWB TC(W) No. 5/2005 - Protection of Natural Streams/Rivers from Adverse Impacts Arising from Construction Works;

· Geotechnical Engineering Office (GEO) Publication No. 1/2011 – Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bioengineering for Man-Made Slopes and Retaining Walls;

· Guidelines on Industry Best Practices for External Lighting Installations;

· Guidelines on Tree Transplanting (September 2014) issued by Greening, Landscape and Tree Management (GLTM) Section of Development Bureau (DEVB);

· Guidelines on Tree Preservation during Development (April 2015) issued by GLTM Section of DevB; and

· Landscape Value Mapping of Hong Kong.

12.2.1.2 The Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) gazetted under the Town Planning Ordinance provides the statutory framework for land use development. Reference has been made to the Approved Sha Tin OZP No. S/ST/36 (gazetted on 18 November 2022).

12.3 Assessment Methodology

12.3.1 Landscape Impact Assessment Methodology

12.3.1.1 The methodology for the landscape impact assessment during the construction and operational phases shall include the followings.

12.3.1.2 Identification of the baseline landscape resources (LRs), landscape character areas (LCAs) and Visually Sensitive Receivers (VSRs) within the Assessment Area was achieved by a desk-top study of topographical maps, information databases and aerial photographs, as well as undertaking site visits and broad-brush tree survey at the Project site.

12.3.1.3 Assessment of the sensitivity of the LRs and LCAs identified. This is influenced by a number of factors including whether the resource / character is common or rare, whether it is considered to be of local, regional, national or global importance, whether there are any statutory or regulatory limitations / requirements relating to the resource, the quality of the resource / character, the maturity of the resource and the ability of the resource / character to accommodate change. The sensitivity of each LR and LCA is classified as follows:

High:	Important landscape character or resource of particularly distinctive character or high importance, sensitive to relatively small change.
Medium:	Landscape character or resource of moderately valued landscape characteristics reasonably tolerant to change.
Low:	Landscape character or resource, the nature of which is largely tolerant to change.

12.3.1.4 Identification of potential sources of landscape changes. These are the various elements of the construction works and operation procedures that would generate landscape impacts.

12.3.1.5 Identification of the magnitude of landscape change. The magnitude of change on LR and LCA is classified as follows:

Large:	The landscape character or landscape resource would incur a major change.
Intermediate:	The landscape character or landscape resource would incur a moderate change.
Small:	The landscape or landscape resource would incur slight or barely perceptible change.
Negligible:	The landscape or landscape resource would incur no discernible change.

12.3.1.6 Recommendation of landscape mitigation measures. These may take the form of adopting basic engineering design to prevent and/or minimise adverse landscape impacts before adopting other mitigation or compensatory measures to alleviate the impacts. Potential mitigation measures shall also include the preservation of vegetation and natural landscape resources, transplanting trees in good condition and value, provision of screen planting, re-vegetation of disturbed lands, compensatory planting, woodland restoration, aesthetic design of aboveground structures including provision of finishes, colour scheme, texture of materials used and any measures to mitigate the impact on the existing and planned land use and visually sensitive receivers (VSRs). A programme for the mitigation measures is provided. The agencies responsible for the funding, implementation, management and maintenance of the mitigation measures are identified.

12.3.1.7 Prediction of the significance of residue landscape impacts with mitigation measures. By synthesizing the magnitude of the various impacts and the sensitivity of the various landscape resources, it is possible to categorise impacts in a logical, well-reasoned and consistent fashion. The following Table 12.2 shows the rationale in assessing the potential significances of landscape impacts.

Table 12.2 Relationship between Landscape Sensitivity and Impact Magnitude in Defining Impact Significance

		Sensitivity of LRs / LCAs
		Low	Medium	High
Magnitude of Change	Large	Moderate	Moderate / Substantial	Substantial
	Intermediate	Slight / Moderate	Moderate	Moderate / Substantial
	Small	Slight	Slight / Moderate	Moderate
	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial

12.3.1.8 The significant thresholds of landscape impacts are categorised as follows:

Substantial:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause significant deterioration or improvement in existing landscape quality.
Moderate:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause a noticeable deterioration or improvement in existing landscape quality.
Slight:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause a barely perceptible deterioration or improvement in existing landscape quality.
Insubstantial:	No discernible change in the existing landscape quality.

12.3.1.9 Prediction of Acceptability of Impacts. An overall assessment of the acceptability, or otherwise, of the impacts according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM.

12.3.2 Visual Impact Assessment Methodology

12.3.2.1 Reference is made to EIAO Guidance Note No. 8/2010 - Preparation of Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance. The methodology for visual impact assessment during the construction and operational phases shall include the followings.

12.3.2.2 Identification of the Visual Envelope during the construction and operational phases of the Project. This is achieved by site visit and desktop study of topographic maps, photographs and preparation of cross-sections to determine visibility of the Project from various locations. Size, distance and other factors will be considered, to determine the visual envelope of the Project. The visual envelope is expected to cover the fields of views from sensitive viewers in direct sight of the proposed development; usually defined by natural ridgeline, man-made features, or road infrastructure, etc.

12.3.2.3 Identification of the VSRs within the Visual Envelope at construction and operational phases. These are the people who would reside within, work within, play within, or travel through, the visual envelope that would be potentially affected by the proposed Project site.

12.3.2.4 Identification of the viewpoints (VPs) within the Visual Envelope. These VPs are representative view of the adjacent VSRs. The visual impact assessment is prepared based on VSR approach.

12.3.2.5 Assessment of the degree of sensitivity of the VSRs identified. Assessment of the degree of sensitivity of change of the VSRs will take into consideration the following factors:-

· The type of VSRs, which is classified according to whether the person is at home, at work, at play, or travelling. Those who view the change from their homes are considered to be highly sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook from their home will have a substantial effect on their perception of the quality and acceptability of their home environment and their general quality of life. Those who view the impact from their workplace are considered to be only moderately sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook will have a less important, although still material, effect on their perception of their quality of life. The degree to which this applies depends on whether the workplace is industrial, retail or commercial. Those who view the impact whilst taking part in an outdoor leisure activity may display varying sensitivity depending on the type of leisure activity. Those who view the impact whilst travelling on a public thoroughfare will also display varying sensitivity depending on the speed of travel.

· Estimated number of VSR population. This is expressed in terms of whether there are “many“, “medium” and “few” VSRs in any one category of VSR.

· Other factors which are considered (as required by EIAO GN 8/2010) include the value and quality of existing views, the availability and amenity of alternative views, the duration or frequency of view, and the degree of visibility.

· The sensitivity of VSRs is classifies as follows: -

High:	The VSR is highly sensitive to any change in their viewing experience.
Medium:	The VSR is moderately sensitive to any change in their viewing experience.
Low:	The VSR is only slightly sensitive to any change in their viewing experience.

12.3.2.6 Identification of sources of visual changes. These are the various elements of the construction works and operation that would generate visual changes. Factors affecting the magnitude of changes for assessing visual impacts include:

· compatibility of the Project with the surrounding landscape;

· duration of impacts under construction and operational phases;

· scale of development;

· reversibility of change;

· viewing distance; and

· potential blockage of view.

12.3.2.7 Assessment of the magnitude of visual change experienced by the identified VSRs from proposed Project. The magnitude of visual changes is classified as follows:

Large:	The VSRs would suffer a major change in their viewing experience.
Intermediate:	The VSRs would suffer a moderate change in their viewing experience.
Small:	The VSRs would suffer a small change in their viewing experience.
Negligible:	The VSRs would suffer no discernible change in their viewing experience.

12.3.2.8 Recommendation of potential visual mitigation measures. These may take the form of adopting basic engineering design to prevent and/or minimise adverse visual impacts before adopting other mitigation or compensatory measures to alleviate the impacts. Potential mitigation measures shall also include the preservation of vegetation and natural landscape resources, provision of screen planting, re-vegetation of disturbed lands, compensatory planting, woodland restoration, aesthetic design of aboveground structures including provision of finishes, colour scheme, texture of materials used and any measures to mitigate the impact on the existing and planned land use and VSRs. A programme for the mitigation measures is provided. The agencies responsible for the funding, implementation, management and maintenance of the mitigation measures are identified.

12.3.2.9 Prediction of the significance of visual impacts before and after the implementation of the mitigation measures. By synthesizing the magnitude of the various visual impacts and the sensitivity of the VSRs, and the numbers of VSRs that are affected, it is possible to categorise the degree of significance of the impacts in a logical, well-reasoned and consistent fashion. The following Table 12.3 shows the rationale in assessing the potential significances of visual impacts.

Table 12.3 Relationship between Visual Receptor Sensitivity and Magnitude of Change in Defining Impact Significance

		Sensitivity of VSRs
		Low	Medium	High
Magnitude of Change	Large	Moderate	Moderate / Substantial	Substantial
	Intermediate	Slight / Moderate	Moderate	Moderate / Substantial
	Small	Insubstantial / Slight	Slight / Moderate	Moderate
	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial

· The significance of visual impacts is categorised as follows:

Substantial:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause significant deterioration or improvement in existing visual quality.
Moderate:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause a noticeable deterioration or improvement in existing visual quality.
Slight:	Adverse / beneficial impact where the proposal would cause a barely perceptible deterioration or improvement in existing visual quality.
Insubstantial:	No discernible change in the existing visual quality.

12.3.2.10 Prediction of Acceptability of Impacts. An overall assessment of the acceptability, or otherwise, of the impacts according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM.

12.4 Review of the Planning and Development Control Framework

12.4.1.1 The Project site falls within the Approved Sha Tin Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) No. S/ST/36.

12.4.1.2 Northern part of the Project site is characterised by high-rise residential estates, village houses and transportation corridor distributed in-between natural resources like woodland and natural watercourse. While the southern part of proposed Project site is occupied with village houses and medium to high-rise residential estates along Mei Tin Road to MTR station; woodland side with crematorium and mortuary near the Lower Shing Mun Reservoir. Tai Wai Nullah pass through the whole Project site which connects the Lower Shing Mun Reservoir at the west end and Shing Mun River to the east.

12.4.1.3 The whole Project boundary falls into the Sha Tin OZP. In accordance with the OZP, majority of the proposed works is located within the channel, which generally falls within the “River Channel” zone of the approved Sha Tin OZP. Proposed works outside of the channel fall in various other zones, such as “Green Belt”, “Comprehensive Development Area” (“CDA”), “Industrial”, “Residential” and “Village Type Development” zones. The zoning types and areas affected by the Project is presented in Figure 12.2.

12.4.1.4 The review of OZP has not only included a review of the plans, but also the ‘Notes’ and “Explanatory Statements’ which accompany these plans. According to the notes of OZP, drainage works, road works and such other public works coordinated or implemented by the government are always permitted on land falling within the boundaries of the OZP.

12.4.1.5 The revitalisation works introduce higher quality of landscape within the Project boundary. The proposed Project would fit in with the current and future planning settings and would not be in conflict with the statutory town plan. Therefore, planning permission form the Town Planning Board is not required.

12.5 Baseline Condition

12.5.1 General

12.5.1.1 Identification of the baseline landscape resources (LRs), landscape character areas (LCAs) and visually sensitive receivers (VSRs) within the Assessment Area was achieved by a desk-top study of topographical maps, information databases and aerial photographs, as well as undertaking site visits and broad brush tree survey at the Project site.

12.5.1.2 The assessment area for the landscape impact assessment shall include areas within 100m from the site boundary as stipulated in the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB-320/2019). The Visual Envelope of the visual impact assessment is defined by the villages like San Tin Wai and Kak Tin Village towards Lion Rock in the South; religious institutions such as church, monastery and cemetery on Tao Fong Shan to the East; low-rise residential estates and public mortuary to the West; Needle Hill towards the north. Within the Visual Envelope, primary zone of visual influence is further delineated mainly by the building blocks in the vicinity of the Project.

12.5.2 Broad Brush Tree Survey

12.5.2.1 A broad-brush tree and vegetation survey was carried out in accordance with the Appendix J of the EIA Study Brief to identify dominant tree species, maturity, rarity and any plant species of conservation interest, etc. which would be potentially affected to provide baseline information on the LRs and LCAs.

12.5.2.2 Total 254 nos. of existing trees are surveyed, where are located along two sides of the Tai Wai Nullah. The tree species recorded are mostly common species in Hong Kong, including but not limited to Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana, Leucaena leucocephala, Celtis sinensis, Ficus microcarpa etc. There are 32 species identified, their height ranges from 3m to 24m, crown spread from 1m to 22m, and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) from 100mm to 1300mm. They are generally poor - average in form; and average in health & structural condition; and low - medium in amenity value.

Old and Valuable Trees (OVTs) & Trees of Particular Interest (TPIs)

12.5.2.3 No Old and Valuable Trees (OVTs) was identified within the Project boundary. A total of 3 nos. of OVTs (LCSD ST/10, LCSD ST/11 & LCSD ST/15) were identified within 100m assessment boundary, including 2 nos. of Cinnamomum camphora located at roadside planter along Chung Ling Road and 1 no. of Ficus religiosa located at roadside planter of Pik Tin Street (Figure 12.12 to Figure 12.14 refer). They are all located in LR6 / LCA3 which is out of site boundary and will not be affected by proposed works. Detailed information of OVTs within 100m from Project boundary are tabulated in Table 12.4.

Table 12.4 Detail Information of OVTs within 100m Assessment Area

OVT No.	Tree Register No.	Tree Species	DBH (mm), Height(m) & Crown Spread(m)	Location
LCSD ST/10	LCSD/ST/00012	Cinnamomum camphora	1,035mm, 17m & 20m	Chung Ling Road
LCSD ST/11	LCSD/ST/00013	Cinnamomum camphora	1,350mm, 17m & 20m	Chung Ling Road
LCSD ST/15	LCSD/ST/00015	Ficus religiosa	1,110mm, 17m & 16m	Pik Tin Street

12.5.2.4 In accordance with Guidelines for Tree Risk Assessment and Management Arrangement (9th edition (Rev. 2A), 20 April 2021), a total of 5 nos. of Trees of Particular Interest (TPIs) with DBH ≥ 1000mm were identified within the Project boundary (Figure 12.12 & Figure 12.15 refers), all of which are Ficus macrocarpa (細葉榕) with poor to average forms, and average health and structural conditions. All TPIs identified within the Project boundary would be retained.

12.5.2.5 On the other hand, 15 nos. of Lagerstroemia speciosa (大花紫薇) are identified within survey boundary which are listed under Cap.96. They are identified with poor – average form and average in health and structural condition. As the surveyed Lagerstroemia species (i.e. Lagerstroemia speciosa) are widely planted as ornamental trees in Hong Kong for amenity purpose, they are not considered as TPIs in this report.

12.5.3 Landscape Resources (LRs)

12.5.3.1 There are six existing Landscape Resources (LR) identified within the 100m assessment area, please refer to Figure 12.3 and Figure 12.5 for their distribution and photographic records respectively.

LR1 – Watercourse of Shing Mun River Channel and Tai Wai Nullah

12.5.3.2 The watercourse of Tai Wai Nullah connects Shing Mun River Channel at southeast as its upper stream; and the Lower Shing Mun Reservoir at the west. The whole watercourse is artificial with concrete nullah bed exposed and no plantation is found; expect for the first section at its west-side opening which is not covered by concrete bedding where groundcover is occupied. This LR is medium in rarity and low in regional importance within Tai Wai District. As there are limited vegetation in this LR, it is considered to be low in landscape quality, with a high ability to accommodate change due to its artificial structure which can easily be replaced. The sensitivity of LR1 is considered to be low.

LR2 – Natural Watercourse

12.5.3.3 There are total 3 nos. of natural watercourses identified within 100m assessment area. They are lower-streams at downhill which pass through Heung Fan Liu and join Tai Wai Nullah at its west-side opening. LR2 is commonly found in hillside habitat with common stream-side vegetation, which is identified as medium in rarity, landscape quality and regional importance. However, as they have relatively high-level of naturalness with limited disturbance to its setting, hence, low ability to accommodate changes. And therefore, it is considered to be high in sensitivity.

LR3 – Waterside Landscape Amenity along Tai Wai Nullah

12.5.3.4 Street trees are found along two-sides of Tai Wai Nullah for amenity purposes. These trees are settled in linear planting area with shrubs and groundcover on surfaces. They are mostly common species in Hong Kong, namely Cinnamomum burmannii (陰香), Ficus microcarpa (細葉榕), Lagerstroemia speciose (大花紫薇), Livistona chinensis (蒲葵), Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (白千層), Peltophorum pterocarpum (雙翼豆) and Spathodea campanulata (火焰樹) etc. Visually, these plantations soften the hard edge of the concrete channel; and provide sufficient shading area for bicycle riders and travelers.

12.5.3.5 According to the Tree Survey findings, total 251 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LR3. Among them, 5 nos. of Ficus macrocarpa are identified as Trees of Particular Interest (TPIs) with DBH ≥ 1000mm. On the other hand, 15 nos. of Lagerstroemia speciosa listed under Cap.96. are found in this LR. These Lagerstroemia species (i.e. Lagerstroemia speciosa) are not considered as TPIs as they are widely planted as ornamental trees in Hong Kong for amenity purpose.

12.5.3.6 This LR is identified as low in rarity and regional importance; medium in landscape quality. It has high ability to accommodate changes, e.g. replaced by compensatory trees or via transplanting. Overall, it is considered to be medium in sensitivity.

LR4 – Other Parks/ Gardens along Tai Wai Nullah

12.5.3.7 Parks are found along the nullah, which includes Mei Tin Road Sitting-out Area, Mei Lam Sitting-out Area, Chik Fuk Street Sitting-out Area, Tai Wai Playground, Pok Ngar Villa (heritage site) and Tai Wai Soccer Pitch above the existing box-culvert; they are easily accessible which lie close to the nullah. Their landscape quality is medium, mostly fringed with ornamental young trees and amenity planting on planters, provided with sitting platforms for public leisure. Sitting-out area and playground are very common in local context with medium ability to accommodate change. The sensitivity of this LR is considered to be medium.

LR5 – Hillside Vegetation

12.5.3.8 Hillside vegetation is located at the western part of assessment area surrounding Heung Fan Liu, Fu Shan and the reservoir with natural watercourses (LR2) running through the area; also, at the east adjacent to the Shing Mun Tunnel Road. It is a common habitat in Hong Kong with medium rarity and regional importance. This LR is rich in vegetation and dominated by mostly native species, it is therefore identified as high in landscape quality, with low ability to accommodate changes. LR5 is considered to be high in sensitivity.

LR6 – Landscape Amenity within Build-up Areas

12.5.3.9 This LR consists of high-rise residential estates, including Man Lai Court, Mei Lam Estate, Mai Shing Court, Park View Garden, Granville Garden and Mei Tin Estate, have significant amount of greenery located adjacent to two-sides of Tai Wai Nullah. They are mostly amenity planting of trees, shrubs and climbers located at entrance planter, which act as a visual buffer of the areas. 3 nos. of identified OVTs are all located within this LR. This LR is of medium landscape quality, low in rarity and local importance; with reasonable tolerance to changes. Therefore, LR6 is considered to be medium in sensitivity.

12.5.3.10 The sensitivity of the LRs is summarised in Table 12.5 below.

Table 12.5 Sensitivity of Landscape Resources

ID	Landscape Resource	Quality & Maturity	Rarity	Ability to Accommodate Change	Local/ Regional Importance	Sensitivity
LR1	Watercourse of Shing Mun River Channel and Tai Wai Nullah	Low	Medium	High	Low	Low
LR2	Natural Watercourse	Medium	Medium	Low	Medium	High
LR3	Waterside Landscape Amenity along Tai Wai Nullah	Medium	Low	High	Low	Medium
LR4	Other Parks/ Gardens along Tai Wai Nullah	Medium	Low	Medium	Low	Medium
LR5	Hillside Vegetation	High	Medium	Low	Medium	High
LR6	Landscape Amenity within Build-up Area	Medium	Low	High	Low	Medium

12.5.4 Landscape Character Areas (LCAs)

12.5.4.1 There are five landscape character areas (LCAs) identified within the assessment area, please refer to Figure 12.4 and Figure 12.5 for their locations and photographic records respectively.

LCA1 – Miscellaneous Urban Landscape

12.5.4.2 This LCA comprises of two sub-areas, one in the upstream section and one near the river mouth. The upstream area includes mostly residential zones (Mei Tin Estate and Heung Fan Liu New Village) and the hillside woodlands near the existing WSD facilities. The downstream area consists of a mix of industrial buildings, residential buildings, roads, footbridges, highway structures, MTR Station, and open space, etc. The extensive transportation networks at the downstream end together with the well-established natural habitats located at the upstream forms a diverse landscape character area.

12.5.4.3 According to the Tree Survey findings, total 179 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LCA1. Among them, 5 nos. of Ficus macrocarpa are identified as Trees of Particular Interest (TPIs) with DBH ≥ 1000mm. Also, 7 nos. of Lagerstroemia speciosa listed under Cap.96. are found in this LCA.

12.5.4.4 This LCA is common in Hong Kong with low rarity and regional importance. It is identified as medium in landscape quality with high ability to accommodate changes. LCA1 is therefore considered to be medium in sensitivity.

LCA2 – Residential Urban Fringe Landscape

12.5.4.5 LCA2 is in the woodland located in the mid-section of the nullah. It is an extensive area covered by woodland vegetation. There are also two heritage sites (Pok Ngar Villa and Li Cottage) located within this LCA. Total 16 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LCA2.

12.5.4.6 In consideration to its combination of natural and cultural elements which forms a unique landscape area, it is identified with high rarity and regional importance; high in landscape quality with low ability to accommodate changes. LCA2 is considered to be high in sensitivity.

LCA3 – Residential Urban Landscape

12.5.4.7 LCA3 is overwhelmingly taken over to residential land use including Granville Garden, Mei Lam Estate and Mei Shing Court. There is one educational institution, namely Buddhist Wong Wan Tin College. The medium to high-rise estates forms a relatively uniform landscape in the area. Vegetations are mainly street trees, amenity planting at parks and ornamental plantation at residential estates. Total 48 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LCA3; and 3 nos. of identified OVTs are all located within this LCA.

12.5.4.8 LCA3 is considered to be low in rarity and local importance, with medium landscape quality and high ability to accommodate changes. And therefore, LCA3 is considered to be medium in sensitivity.

LCA4 – “Hui” Urban Landscape

12.5.4.9 The LCA is formed by a group of densely arranged mid to low rise residential and commercial buildings in and around Tai Wai Village. This area is categorised by busy commercial activities, but there are also communal spaces like Tai Wai Playground and educational institution, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Sin Chu Wan Primary School. Overall, this dynamic mix of businesses, schools, and residents creates a lively and energetic neighbourhood.

12.5.4.10 Total 8 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LCA4. All of them are identified as Lagerstroemia speciosa, and listed under Cap.96.

12.5.4.11 This LCA is mainly occupied by street trees and domestic planting in the courtyard of village houses. It is identified to be medium in landscape quality and ability to accommodate changes. This type of area is common in New Territories, which is relatively low in rarity and regional importance. And therefore, it is considered to be medium in sensitivity.

LCA5 – Transportation Corridor Landscape

12.5.4.12 LCA5 comprises of various highways and elevated roads running across the nullah including Tsing Sha Highway, Tai Po Road (Tai Wai portion) and Shing Mun Tunnel Road. There are very limited vegetation in this LCA, mainly shrubs planting under highway. Total 3 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LCA5. It is identified to be low in rarity, local importance, landscape quality with high ability to accommodate changes. And therefore, it is considered to be low in sensitivity.

12.5.4.13 The sensitivity of five LCAs is summarised in Table 12.6 as below.

Table 12.6 Sensitivity of Landscape Character Areas

ID	Landscape Resource	Quality & Maturity	Rarity	Ability to Accommodate Change	Local/ Regional Importance	Sensitivity
LCA1	Miscellaneous Urban Landscape	Medium	Low	High	Low	Medium
LCA2	Residential Urban Fringe Landscape	High	High	Low	High	High
LCA3	Residential Urban Landscape	Medium	Low	High	Low	Medium
LCA4	“Hui” Urban Landscape	Medium	Low	Medium	Low	Medium
LCA5	Transportation Corridor Landscape	Low	Low	High	Low	Low

12.5.5 Baseline Condition and Primary Zone of Visual Influence

12.5.5.1 The Visual Envelope of the visual impact assessment is defined by the villages like San Tin Wai and Kak Tin Village towards Lion Rock in the South; religious institutions such as church, monastery and cemetery on Tao Fong Shan to the East; low-rise residential estates and public mortuary to the West; Needle Hill towards the north. Within the Visual Envelope, primary zone of visual influence is further delineated mainly by the building blocks in the vicinity of the Project. Please refer to Figure 12.6 for detail distribution of visually sensitive receivers.

Visual Resource

12.5.5.2 The visual resources of the site include the ridgeline formed by Needle Hill at the north side which connects to the Lower Shing Mun Reservoir at west side of the assessment area, as well as the native hillside vegetation. Also, another major visual resource is the view towards Shing Mun River Channel and Tai Wai Nullah is available all along the assessment area. The area and distribution of visual resources is also shown in Figure 12.6.

12.5.6 Identification of Visually Sensitive Receivers (VSRs)

12.5.6.1 Eighteen (18) representative VSRs adjacent to proposed Project site are identified for estimation of potential visual impacts. The selected VSRs are further grouped into five types which are government/ institutional/ community (G), industrial (I), residential (R), recreational (REC) and travelling (T). The identified VSRs are listed in Table 12.7 and their location are shown in Figure 12.6.

Government/ Institutional/ Community VSRs (3 Nos.)

12.5.6.2 The government/ institutional/ community VSRs include the teachers and students of Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Sin Chu Wan Primary School (G1) and Buddhist Wong Wan Tin College (G2). Both VSRs are low-rise educational building with open space towards the nullah. Due to their building height, there are at least one to two building-side of window directly facing the proposed Project. The quality of existing view is good with hillside greenery of Needle Hill as backdrop and alternative view available. In view of these VSRs is having occasional frequency of view towards the nullah and posse medium to large nos. of individuals. Their sensitivity is considered as medium.

12.5.6.3 The Sha Tin Che Kung Temple (G3) refers to visitors that travel to visit the Temple to worship Che Kung. The VSR is located at one-storey temple building with several vehicular road away from the nullah. The quality of the existing view is fair with a railway and roadside verge greening at foreground that screened the respective view towards the nullah. Alternative view is available. In view of this VSR is having occasional frequency towards the nullah and posse large nos. of devotees. Its sensitivity is considered as medium.

Industrial VSR (1 No.)

12.5.6.4 The industrial VSR (I1) refers to the workers in the industrial area along Shing Wan Road, which are mostly medium-rise buildings with less than 10-stories. It can be predicted that most of the workers can perceive the nullah in various distance and angle based on their location, the quality of existing view is good with roadside vegetation at the foreground that partially screened off the nullah. Besides, hillside greenery of Needle Hill as backdrop and alternative view is available. In view of their partial degree of visibility and most of the time they are engaged in working activities, their sensitivity to change is considered as low.

Residential VSRs (8 Nos.)

12.5.6.5 The residential VSRs comprise the residents along the northern and southern Tai Wai Nullah, together with the residents in Golden Lion Garden (R1) and Sun Chui Estate (R2) which located to the South of nullah with views towards proposed Project on the other side of Shing Mun River Channel in longer distance. They enjoy a fair quality of view with several medium-rise buildings intervening in their viewpoint. Regarding their long viewing distance and glimpse of the nullah, their corresponding sensitivity is regarded as low.

12.5.6.6 R3, R5 and R6 represent residents who live in high-rise residential estates along Tai Wai Nullah. It is predicted that residential blocks facing proposed Project will be impacted in larger degree, while residents who live in high-story from building blocks at the back would be impacted partially, subject to their particular visual composition. In general, they share a fair quality of view at a short to medium viewing distance. In view of their high frequency of view and posse a large numbers of individuals, their corresponding sensitivity is considered as medium.

12.5.6.7 R4 and R7 represents residents who live in low-rise village house with potential view towards the proposed Project. Whilst, R8 represents future residents that live in the Planned Comprehensive Development Area above Tai Wai Station – The Pavilia Farm. They share a fair quality of view with a short to medium viewing distance next to the nullah. Although, the population in R4 and R7 are medium, in view of their frequency of views toward the nullah, their sensitivity is considered as medium. R8 posse a large numbers of individuals with a short viewing distance, hence its sensitivity is considered as medium.

Recreational VSRs (4 Nos.)

12.5.6.8 Three recreational VSRs are identified which represent users in the Tai Wai Soccer Pitch & Playground (REC1), Pok Ngar Villa (REC2) and Mei Chuen House Children’s Play Area (REC3). They share a fair quality of view. In general, views from these recreational VSRs will be relatively close to the proposed Project with partial to full visibility toward the nullah. In view of this, the sensitivity of REC1, 2 and 3 are considered as medium.

12.5.6.9 Another recreational VSR (REC4) refers to Mei Lam Sports Centre. In view of REC4 is mainly cater for indoor sports activity with partial view toward the nullah. This VSR is less likely to be significantly impacted by the proposed works carried out at the Tai Wai Nullah, hence, it is considered with a low sensitivity.

Travelling VSRs (2 Nos.)

12.5.6.10 The remaining type of VSR is travelers who commute along Tai Po Road & Tsing Sha Highway (T1) and Tai Wai Nullah (T2). These viewers have a fair quality of view with relatively short duration of staying. In view of T2 has relatively close distance that commute along the proposed Project and a full visibility when driving across the nullah, its sensitivity is considered as medium, whilst that of T1 is considered as low.

Table 12.7 Representative Visually Sensitive Receivers in the Vicinity of the Site

ID	VSR Description	Nature	No. of Individuals (Few/ Medium/ Many)	Quality of Existing View (Poor/ Fair/ Good)	Availability of Alternative Views (Yes/ No)	Degree of Visibility (Glimpse/ Partial/ Full)	Frequency of View (Frequent/ Occasional/ Rare)	Sensitivity to Change (High/ Medium/ Low)
Government/ Institutional/ Community (G)
G1	Tung Wah Group of Hospital Sin Chu Wan Primary School	Institutional/ Government/ Community	Medium	Good	Yes	Full/ Partial	Occasional	Medium
G2	Buddhist Wong Wan Tin College	Institutional/ Government/ Community	Many	Good	Yes	Full/ Partial	Occasional	Medium
G3	Che Kung Temple	Institutional/ Government/ Community	Many	Fair	Yes	Full/ Partial	Occasional	Medium
Industrial (I)
I1	Industrial Development along Shing Wan Road	Industrial	Medium	Good	Yes	Partial	Occasional	Low
Residential (R)
R1	Golden Lion Garden	Residential	Many	Fair	Yes	Glimpse	Frequent	Low
R2	Sun Chui Estate	Residential	Many	Fair	Yes	Glimpse	Frequent	Low
R3	Man Lai Court	Residential	Many	Fair	Yes	Partial	Frequent	Medium
R4	Tai Wai Village	Residential	Medium	Fair	Yes	Partial	Frequent	Medium
R5	Residential Development along northern Tai Wai Nullah	Residential	Many	Fair	Yes	Partial	Frequent	Medium
R6	Residential Development along southern Tai Wai Nullah	Residential	Many	Fair	Yes	Partial	Frequent	Medium
R7	Heung Fan Liu New Village	Residential	Medium	Fair	Yes	Partial	Frequent	Medium
R8	Planned Comprehensive Development Area above Tai Wai Station – The Pavilia Farm	Residential	Many	Fair	Yes	Partial	Frequent	Medium
Recreational (REC)
REC1	Tai Wai Soccer Pitch & Playground	Recreational	Few	Fair	Yes	Full/ Partial	Occasional	Medium
REC2	Pok Ngar Villa	Recreational	Few	Fair	Yes	Partial	Occasional	Medium
REC3	Mei Chuen House Children’s Play Area	Recreational	Few	Fair	Yes	Full/ Partial	Occasional	Medium
REC4	Mei Lam Sports Centre	Recreational	Few	Fair	Yes	Partial	Occasional	Low
Travelling (T)
T1	Travelers along Tai Po Road & Tsing Sha Highway	Travelling	Medium	Fair	Yes	Partial	Rare	Low
T2	Travelers along Tai Wai Nullah	Travelling	Medium	Fair	Yes	Full	Rare	Medium

12.7 Visual Impact Assessment

12.7.1 Potential Source of Visual Impacts

Construction Phase

12.7.1.1 The proposed channel modification, construction of DWFI system, construction of bankside public open space will be constructed inside the existing Tai Wai Nullah, while certain proposed architectural structures will be constructed at the roadside which may impose visual impact to adjacent VSRs.

12.7.1.2 During the Construction Stage, potential adverse visual impacts would arise from:

· Potential tree removal;

· Ground-breaking and excavation;

· Final re-surfacing to channel bed;

· Construction of architectural structures, including but not limited to: viewing deck/ platform, footbridge, pavilion & benches, new sitting-out area, railing, stepped terrace and vehicular access etc;

· Construction of hard and soft landscape, including but not limited to hard paving and new thematic Planting.

· Construction of temporary structures including screen hoarding, temporary site office, storage areas or temporary works.

12.7.1.3 Additional source of night-time lighting which may affect adjacent VSRs close to proposed Project. As the revitalisation works cover the whole nullah, construction of all above-ground structures and soft landscape works will be the main visual impact to VSRs.

Operational Phase

12.7.1.4 During the operational phase, only minor maintenance works such as regular clearance and repair of damages to the nullah bed and embankment. Potential visual impacts would also arise from operation of the architectural structures and recreational facilities.

12.7.2 Recommended Vantage Points for Photomontage

12.7.2.1 Key vantage point is selected based on the representative VSRs to further analyses the visual impact of the Project. Photomontage is prepared to demonstrate potential visual impact raised from the proposed Project. The photomontage illustrates the proposed revitalisation of Tai Wai Nullah under the following scenarios in accordance with EIAO Guidance No. 8/2010:

· Existing baseline condition;

· The unmitigated visual impacts at operation day 1 of the proposed Project;

· The partially mitigated visual impacts after implementation of the proposed mitigation measures at operational day 1; and

· The completed works with mitigation after 10 years

12.7.2.2 There are total 5 nos. of vantage points, including VP1 – Mei Chuen House Children’s Play Area; VP2 – Tsuen Nam Road Overpass; VP3 – Mei King House Podium; VP4 – Mei Shing Court Car Park; and VP5 – Sha Tin Che Kung Temple. Please refer to Figures 12.6 to 12.11 for Locations of VPs, their representation of VSR and Photomontages of VPs 1 to 5.

12.7.3 Magnitude of Visual Impacts

12.7.3.1 Assessment on potential magnitude and significance of unmitigated visual impacts during construction and operational Phases are shown in Table 12.9 and assessment on potential magnitude of change and significance of mitigated visual impacts are detailed in Table 12.13.

G1 - Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Sin Chu Wan Primary School , G2 – Buddhist Wong Wan Tin College & G3 The Sha Tin Che Kung Temple

12.7.3.2 Viewers from G1 and G2 are teachers and students, with occasional frequency of views. As they are mostly engaged in educational activities within the multi-storey buildings, there will be no significant obstruction of view during construction and operational Phases as those works are proposed at a level lower than where the VSRs are located at. The magnitude of change to G1 and G2 are considered to be “small” and the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases. Photomontages of G1 and G2 are illustrated in VP2 and VP4 respectively. Whilst, G3 refers to devotees and visitors that come to worship Che Kung. In view of the users are mainly having activities within the Temple, their views toward the nullah are occasional with no significant obstruction of their view by the construction activities. Therefore, the magnitude of change to G3 is considered to be “small” and the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases. Photomontage of G3 is illustrated in VP5.

I1 - Industrial Development along Shing Wan Road

12.7.3.3 Viewers from I1 are mainly workers from medium-rise industrial buildings along Shing Wan Road during working hour. In view of they are engaged in working activities, the VSR has a low sensitivity towards the proposed works at Nullah. There will be no significant obstruction of view nor loss of visual resources toward in their viewpoint, the magnitude of change to I1 is considered to be “small” and the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases, photomontage of I1 is illustrated in VP2.

R1 - Golden Lion Garden & R2 - Sun Chui Estate

12.7.3.4 Viewers from R1 and R2 are residents in Golden Lion Garden and Sun Chui Estate with up to 400m and 200m viewing distance respectively. Due to their long viewing distance among all VSRs, and relatively small-scale of proposed above-ground structures, the magnitude of change to R1 and R2 are considered to be “negligible” and the significance of unmitigated impact is “insubstantial” during both construction and operational Phases. Details of mitigation impacts on R1 & R2 is illustrated in VP5.

R3 - Man Lai Court, R5 - Residential Development along northern Tai Wai Nullah & R6 - Residential Development along southern Tai Wai Nullah

12.7.3.5 Viewers from these VSRs are residents from high-rise housing estates alongside to Tai Wai Nullah to be visually impacted by proposed works. There will be no large alteration on their openness of view toward the nullah as their sightline are generally overviewing the nullah with negligible blockage of their current view. As the visual composition in the view will only be slightly impacted by the proposed development. The magnitude of change to R3, R5 and R6 are considered to be “small”, the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases since the construction works taken place are not visually prominent in their viewpoint e.g. re-surfacing of channel bed and architectural structures. Photomontage of R3, R5 and R6 are illustrated in VP2, VP4 and VP3 respectively.

R4 - Tai Wai Village & R7 - Heung Fan Liu New Village

12.7.3.6 Viewers from R4 and R7 refers to residents who live in low-rise village house near the Tai Wai Nullah. Given the locations of the low-rise village houses, their views toward the nullah are partially blocked by vegetation or existing building at their foreground, not much direct sightline towards the nullah is found among these VSRs. Hence, no obvious obstruction of view is expected to these VSRs, their magnitude of change are therefore considered to be “small” and the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases. Photomontage of R4, R7 are illustrated in VP2 and VP3 respectively.

R8 - Planned Comprehensive Development Area above Tai Wai Station – The Pavilia Farm

12.7.3.7 R8 represents the future residents of The Pavilia Farm in the planned comprehensive development above Tai Wai Station, they have a short viewing distance of about 25m. Residential building blocks in the planned development will be high-rise buildings. Given that they are currently enjoying a wide panorama view of skyline with lush greenery as backdrop, the proposed work at Tai Wai Nullah and the corresponding works during construction or operational Phases would not create significant blockage or degradation in amenity of their views, the magnitude of change to R8 is considered to be “small” and the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases. Photomontage of R8 is illustrated in VP2 respectively.

REC1 - Tai Wai Soccer Pitch & Playground, REC2 - Pok Ngar Villa, REC3 - Mei Chuen House Children’s Play Area & REC4 – Mei Lam Sports Centre

12.7.3.8 Viewers from REC1 are users of public facilities, in which there are limited windows perceiving the outdoor area. There will not be visual blockage to viewers, especially with rare frequency of users viewing from these building. On the other hand, viewers from REC2 are visitors to the Pok Ngar Villa. With walls surrounding the park. it has not much visual connection with the nullah view. Whilst, viewers from REC3 are users of playground, which is 3 sides of the park are surrounded by building blocks which can hardly perceive the nullah area.

12.7.3.9 In the light of the above and the activities that the VSRs are having, the proposed work at nullah will not be visually prominent in their views. Hence, the magnitude of change to REC1 – 3 are considered to be “small” and the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases.

12.7.3.10 For viewers from REC4 are users of the sports centre who come to enjoy indoor activities with only partial view, they have a low sensitivity towards the proposed works at Nullah, in the light of the negligible potential blockage of view by the development, the magnitude of change to REC4 is considered to be “small” throughout the construction and operational Phases. The significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” during both construction and operational Phases. Photomontage of REC1, 3 are illustrated in VP2 and VP1 respectively. Photomontage of REC2 and 4 are illustrated in VP4.

T1 - Travelers along Tai Po Road & Tsing Sha Highway & T2 - Tai Wai Nullah

12.7.3.11 Travelers from T1 are mostly drivers and passengers on Tai Po Road who has a short duration of staying with passing views towards the proposed Project area. There will not be potential blockage of view nor loss of visual resources, as the highway is elevated and proposed above-ground structures are small-scale. On the other hand, travelers from T2 intend to enjoy the full degree of visibility of views and facilities within the nullah. There will not be significant visual blockage, while new sitting platforms and viewing decks will be constructed which provides better angle of appreciation for visitors. Considering the above, the magnitude of change to T1 is “small” while that to T2 is “intermediate”. Given the “low” and “medium” sensitivity for T1 and T2, the significance of unmitigated impact is “slight” for T1 and “moderate” for T2 during both construction and operational Phases. Photomontage of T1 and 2 are illustrated in VP2 and 1 respectively.

Table 12.9 Magnitude of Visual Change

ID	VSR Description	Viewing Distance (m)	Compatibility of the Project (High/ Medium/ Low)	Duration of Impacts (C/O) ^#	Scale of Works	Reversibility of Change (C/O) ^#	Potential Blockage of View by Development (Full/ Partial/ Negligible)	Magnitude of Change (C/O) ^#	Significance of unmitigated impact (C/O)^#
Government/ Institutional/ Community (G)
G1	Tung Wah Group of Hospital Sin Chu Wan Primary School	20 - 30	High	Temporary / Permanent	Intermediate	Yes / No	Negligible	Small / Small	Slight/ Slight
G2	Buddhist Wong Wan Tin College	20 - 30	High	Temporary / Permanent	Intermediate	Yes / No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
G3	The Sha Tin Che Kung Temple	100	High	Temporary / Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
Industrial (I)
I1	Industrial Development along Shing Wan Road	20 - 30	High	Temporary / Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
Residential (R)
R1	Golden Lion Garden	400	High	Temporary / Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Negligible/ Negligible	Insubstantial/ Insubstantial
R2	Sun Chui Estate	200	High	Temporary / Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Negligible/ Negligible	Insubstantial/ Insubstantial
R3	Man Lai Court	20 - 30	High	Temporary / Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
R4	Tai Wai Village	50	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
R5	Residential Development along northern Tai Wai Nullah	15 - 30	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
R6	Residential Development along southern Tai Wai Nullah	50 - 100	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
R7	Heung Fan Liu New Village	50 - 100	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
R8	Planned Comprehensive Development Area above to Tai Wai Station – The Pavilia Farm	30 - 50	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
Recreational (REC)
REC1	Tai Wai Soccer Pitch & Playground	Adjacent	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
REC2	Pok Ngar Villa	10 - 20	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
REC3	Mei Chuen House Children’s Play Area	20 - 40	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
REC4	Mei Lam Sports Centre	10 - 20	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
Travelling (T)
T1	Travelers along Tai Po Road & Tsing Sha Highway	15-30	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Negligible	Small/ Small	Slight/ Slight
T2	Travelers along Tai Wai Nullah	Adjacent	High	Temporary/ Permanent	Intermediate	Yes/ No	Partial	Intermediate/ Intermediate	Moderate/ moderate

Note:

#: “C” = Construction; “O” = Operation

12.8 Landscape and Visual Mitigation Measures

12.8.1.1 In the light of the potential landscape and visual impacts arising from proposed Project in previous sections, numerous of mitigation measures are proposed to alleviate the effects during construction and operational Phases. They are summarised in the following Table 12.10 and Table 12.11. The landscape and visual mitigation plan are provided in Figure 12.12 and Figure 12.13.

Table 12.10 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase

ID	Landscape and Visual Mitigation Measures	Funding Agency	Implementation Agency
CM1	Tree Preservation during Construction All existing trees to be retained shall be carefully protected during construction. Tree protection works shall be in accordance with DEVB TC(W) No. 4/2020 - Tree Preservation and Tree Management Practice Note No. 1 – Tree Preservation during Construction. The 5 nos. of Trees of Particular Interest (TPIs) identified within the site boundary will be preserved in-situ. For the 3 nos. of identified OVTs within 100m assessment area outside of the Project boundary, although they are not affected by proposed works, tree maintenance departments/ their agents are required to follow the respective requirements as stipulated in Para.16 - 32 of DEVB TC(W) No. 5/2020 to preserve the OVTs in the Register.	DSD / LCSD	DSD / LCSD / Contractor
CM2	Erection of Decorative Screen Hoarding Decorative Hoarding, which is compatible with the surrounding settings, shall be erected during construction to minimise the potential landscape and visual impacts due to the construction works and activities.	DSD	DSD / Contractor
CM3	Control of Night-time Lighting Glare Any lighting provision of the construction works at night shall be carefully controlled to prevent light overspill to the nearby VSRs and into the sky.	DSD	DSD / Contractor
CM4	Management of Construction Activities and Facilities The facilities and activities at works sites and areas, which include site office, temporary storage areas, temporary works etc., shall be carefully managed and controlled on the height, deposition and arrangement to minimise any potential adverse landscape and visual impacts.	DSD	DSD / Contractor
CM5	Reinstatement of Temporarily Disturbed Landscape Areas All hard and soft landscape areas disturbed temporarily during construction due to temporary excavations, temporary works sites and works areas shall be reinstated to equal or better quality, to the satisfaction of the relevant Government Departments.	DSD	DSD / Contractor
CM6	Reinstatement of Temporarily Disturbed Watercourses Temporarily disturbed watercourses shall be reinstated to the satisfaction of relevant Government Departments. Good site practices as described in ETWB TCW No. 5/2005 “Protection of natural streams/rivers from adverse impacts arising from construction works” shall also be adopted to avoid any pollution entering the watercourses nearby where applicable.	DSD	DSD / Contractor

Table 12.11 Proposed Design / Mitigation Measures for Operational Phase

ID	Landscape and Visual Mitigation Measures	Funding Agency	Implementation Agency
OM1	Greening Enhancement along Channel Bed and Embankment The existing concrete riverbed and embankment will be resurfaced by a layer of vegetation, which will enhance the aesthetic value of the nullah. The riverbed will be planted with various types of riparian and wetland plants while the river embankment will be covered by various types of climbers or trailing plants along the parapet planters.	DSD	DSD / Contractor Long-term Maintenance Party: DSD
OM2	Provision of Recreational Opportunity along Nullah The provision and improvement of recreational facilities including but not limited to sitting-out areas, thematic planting, play elements, viewing decks, gathering points, proposed 3km walkways, improvement/ modification of planters, water play zone etc along the nullah aim to enhance the ecological, landscape and visual value of the nullah, provide a greener environment, promote water friendliness and improve the community environment.	DSD	DSD / Contractor *Long-term Maintenance Party:** DSD / LCSD
OM3	Compensatory Tree Planting Any trees to be felled under the Project shall be compensated in accordance with DEVB TC(W) No. 4/2020 - Tree Preservation. A Tree Preservation and Removal Proposal (TPRP) shall be prepared and submitted under the DEVB TC(W) No. 4/2020 by Contractor. The compensatory plantings shall be realistic, practicable and sustainable with a holistic consideration to balance the quantity and quality of tree planting and follow the “right tree for the right place” principles. The proposed planting species shall be made reference to the Greening Master Plan issued by CEDD and the Street Tree Selection Guide issued by DEVB. According to latest tree treatment proposal, 51 nos. of trees would be removed due to proposed works, including 38 nos. of undesirable species (i.e. Leucaena leucocephala). As stipulated in DEVB TC(W) No. 4/2020, “…the number of compensatory trees onsite and offsite shall not be lower than that of number of trees removed including dead trees, but excluding trees of undesirable species...”, therefore, compensation of the undesirable Leucaena leucocephala would not be required and only 13 nos. of trees would need to be compensated. Nonetheless, to compensate the loss of existing trees and to further enhance greening and the amenity value to vicinity of site, approximately 28 nos. of heavy standard compensatory trees are proposed to be planted at available planting area on-site, subject to detailed design.	DSD	DSD / Contractor *Long-term Maintenance Party:** DSD / LCSD
OM4	Sensitive and Aesthetically Pleasing Design Sensitive and aesthetically pleasing design as regard to the form, material and finishes shall be incorporated to the proposed above-ground structures e.g. pavilions, seating areas, viewing decks, railings along the nullah etc so as to minimise any potential adverse landscape and visual impact.	DSD	DSD / Contractor *Long-term Maintenance Party:** DSD / LCSD
OM5	Tree Transplanting According to latest tree treatment proposal, 1 no. of tree that is unavoidably affected by proposed works is suggested to be transplanted where practical. A TPRP will be submitted to relevant government departments for approval in accordance with DEVB TC(W) No. 6/2015 - Maintenance of Vegetation and Hard Landscape Features and DEVB TC(W) No. 4/2020 - Tree Preservation, and 4/2020 and Guidelines on Tree Transplanting by DEVB and final locations of transplanted trees should be agreed prior to commencement of the work. A cost-effective transplanting strategy should be established at the Design Phase of the Project. Transplanted trees are recommended to be relocated to final locations without the use of Holding Nursery under single handling where possible subject to the sequence of construction of the works. This will minimize the cost and ensure the better survival of the trees after transplanting. However, if single transplanting handling is not possible, the transplanted trees shall be translocated to a holding nursery before the commencement of the engineering works; and will be replanted back to the receptor sites once the engineering works are completed.	DSD	DSD / Contractor *Long-term Maintenance Agent:** DSD / LCSD

Note:

*In case of interface issues between DSD (Project Proponent) and LCSD facilities, the arrangement of long-term maintenance/management agencies are subject to agreement of with corresponding departments in accordance with DEVB TCW No. 6/2015 - Maintenance of Vegetation and Hard Landscape Features.

Table 12.12 Significance of Landscape Impact on LRs & LCAs

ID	Description	Sensitivity	Magnitude of Change BEFORE Mitigation		Impact Significance Threshold BEFORE Mitigation		Recommended Mitigation Measures	Residual Impact Significance Threshold UPON Mitigation
			C^#	O^#	C^#	O^#	C & O ^#	C^#	O^#
			C^#	O^#	C^#	O^#	C & O ^#	C^#	Day 1	Year 10
Landscape Resource (LRs)
LR1	Watercourse of Shing Mun River Channel and Tai Wai Nullah	Low	Intermediate	Small	Moderate	Slight	CM2, CM3, CM4, CM6, OM1, OM2 & OM4	Slight	Slight	Insubstantial
LR2	Natural Watercourse	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	N/A	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
LR3	Waterside Landscape Amenity along Tai Wai Nullah	Medium	Intermediate	Small	Moderate	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, CM5, OM2, OM3,OM4 & OM5	Slight	Slight	Insubstantial
LR4	Other Parks/ Gardens along Tai Wai Nullah	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	N/A	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
LR5	Hillside Vegetation	High	Negligible	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	N/A	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
LR6	Landscape Amenity within Build-up Area	Medium	Negligible	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	N/A	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
Landscape Character Areas (LCAs)
LCA1	Miscellaneous Urban Landscape	Medium	Intermediate	Small	Moderate	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, CM5, CM6, OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 & OM5	Slight	Slight	Insubstantial
LCA2	Residential Urban Fringe Landscape	High	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, CM5, CM6, OM1, OM2, OM3 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
LCA3	Residential Urban Landscape	Medium	Intermediate	Small	Moderate	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, CM5, CM6, OM1, OM2, OM3 & OM4	Slight	Slight	Insubstantial
LCA4	“Hui” Urban Landscape	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, CM5, CM6, OM1, OM2, OM3 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
LCA5	Transportation Corridor Landscape	Low	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, CM5, CM6, OM1, OM2, OM3 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial

Note:

#: “C” = Construction; “O” = Operation

Table 12.13 Significance Thresholds of Visual Impacts

ID	Description	Represented VP	Sensitivity	Magnitude of Change BEFORE Mitigation		Impact Significance Threshold BEFORE Mitigation		Recommended Mitigation Measures	Residual Impact Significance Threshold UPON Mitigation
				C^#	O^#	C^#	O^#	C & O ^#	C^#	O^#
				C^#	O^#	C^#	O^#	C & O ^#	C^#	Day 1	Year 10
Institutional (G)
G1	Tung Wah Group of Hospital Sin Chu Wan Primary School	VP2	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1, OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
G2	Buddhist Wong Wan Tin College	VP4	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, OM1, OM2 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
G3	The Sha Tin Che Kung Temple	VP5	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
Industrial (I)
I1	Industrial Development along Shing Wan Road	VP2	Low	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1, OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
Residential (R)
R1	Golden Lion Garden	VP5	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R2	Sun Chui Estate	VP5	Low	Negligible	Negligible	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R3	Man Lai Court	VP2	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1, OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R4	Tai Wai Village	VP2	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1, OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R5	Residential Development along northern Tai Wai Nullah	VP4	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, OM1, OM2 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R6	Residential Development along southern Tai Wai Nullah	VP3	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R7	Heung Fan Liu New Village	VP3	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
R8	Planned Comprehensive Development Area above Tai Wai Station – The Pavilia Farm	VP2	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1, OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
Recreational (REC)
REC1	Tai Wai Soccer Pitch & Playground	VP2	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1, OM4, & OM5	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
REC2	Pok Ngar Villa	VP4	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, OM1, OM2 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
REC3	Mei Chuen House Children’s Play Area	VP1	Medium	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM5, CM6, OM1, OM2 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
REC4	Mei Lam Sports Centre	VP4	Low	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM2, OM1, OM2 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
Travelling (T)
T1	Travelers along Tai Po Road & Tsing Sha Highway	VP2	Low	Small	Small	Slight	Slight	CM1, CM6, OM1 & OM4	Slight	Insubstantial	Insubstantial
T2	Travelers along Tai Wai Nullah	VP1	Medium	Intermediate	Intermediate	Moderate	Moderate	CM1, CM5, CM6, OM1, OM2, OM4 &OM5	Moderate	Slight	Slight

Note:

#: “C” = Construction; “O” = Operation

ID	Description	Area affected by the Project (m²)	Compatibility of Project (C / O) ^#	Duration of Impacts (Construction/ Operation)	Reversibility of Change (Construction/ Operation)	Magnitude of Change
ID	Description	Area affected by the Project (m²)	Compatibility of Project (C / O) ^#	Duration of Impacts (Construction/ Operation)	Reversibility of Change (Construction/ Operation)	C^#	O^#
Landscape Resource (LRs)
LR1	Watercourse of Shing Mun River Channel and Tai Wai Nullah	74,000	Fair/ High	Temporary/ Permanent	Reversible/ Irreversible	Intermediate	Small
LR2	Natural Watercourse	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible
LR3	Waterside Landscape Amenity along Tai Wai Nullah	32,000	Fair/ High	Temporary/ Permanent	Reversible/ Irreversible	Intermediate	Small
LR4	Other Parks/ Gardens along Tai Wai Nullah	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible
LR5	Hillside Vegetation	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible
LR6	Landscape Amenity within Build-up Area	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible
Landscape Character Areas (LCAs)
LCA1	Miscellaneous Urban Landscape	58,000	Fair	Temporary/ Permanent	Reversible/ Irreversible	Intermediate	Small
LCA2	Residential Urban Fringe Landscape	<250	Fair/ High	Temporary/ Permanent	Reversible/ Irreversible	Small	Small
LCA3	Residential Urban Landscape	32,000	Fair	Temporary/ Permanent	Reversible/ Irreversible	Intermediate	Small
LCA4	“Hui” Urban Landscape	9,000	Fair	Temporary/ Permanent	Reversible/ Irreversible	Small	Small
LCA5	Transportation Corridor Landscape	5,000	Negligible/ Fair	Temporary/ Permanent	Reversible/ Irreversible	Small	Small

12.1.1.1 This section identifies and assesses the potential landscape and visual impacts arising from the proposed Project. Based on the impact identified, landscape and visual mitigation measures are proposed to alleviate any potential adverse impact.

12.2.1.1 Legislation and standards that are relevant to the consideration of landscape and visual impacts under this assessment include the following:

12.2.1.2 The Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) gazetted under the Town Planning Ordinance provides the statutory framework for land use development. Reference has been made to the Approved Sha Tin OZP No. S/ST/36 (gazetted on 18 November 2022).

12.3.1 Landscape Impact Assessment Methodology

12.3.1.1 The methodology for the landscape impact assessment during the construction and operational phases shall include the followings.

12.3.1.4 Identification of potential sources of landscape changes. These are the various elements of the construction works and operation procedures that would generate landscape impacts.

12.3.1.5 Identification of the magnitude of landscape change. The magnitude of change on LR and LCA is classified as follows:

12.3.1.8 The significant thresholds of landscape impacts are categorised as follows:

12.3.1.9 Prediction of Acceptability of Impacts. An overall assessment of the acceptability, or otherwise, of the impacts according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM.

12.3.2 Visual Impact Assessment Methodology

12.3.2.1 Reference is made to EIAO Guidance Note No. 8/2010 - Preparation of Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance. The methodology for visual impact assessment during the construction and operational phases shall include the followings.

12.3.2.3 Identification of the VSRs within the Visual Envelope at construction and operational phases. These are the people who would reside within, work within, play within, or travel through, the visual envelope that would be potentially affected by the proposed Project site.

12.3.2.4 Identification of the viewpoints (VPs) within the Visual Envelope. These VPs are representative view of the adjacent VSRs. The visual impact assessment is prepared based on VSR approach.

12.3.2.5 Assessment of the degree of sensitivity of the VSRs identified. Assessment of the degree of sensitivity of change of the VSRs will take into consideration the following factors:-

12.3.2.6 Identification of sources of visual changes. These are the various elements of the construction works and operation that would generate visual changes. Factors affecting the magnitude of changes for assessing visual impacts include:

12.3.2.7 Assessment of the magnitude of visual change experienced by the identified VSRs from proposed Project. The magnitude of visual changes is classified as follows:

12.3.2.10 Prediction of Acceptability of Impacts. An overall assessment of the acceptability, or otherwise, of the impacts according to the five criteria set out in Annex 10 of the EIAO-TM.

12.4 Review of the Planning and Development Control Framework

12.4.1.1 The Project site falls within the Approved Sha Tin Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) No. S/ST/36.

12.5.1 General

12.5.2 Broad Brush Tree Survey

12.5.3 Landscape Resources (LRs)

12.5.3.1 There are six existing Landscape Resources (LR) identified within the 100m assessment area, please refer to Figure 12.3 and Figure 12.5 for their distribution and photographic records respectively.

12.5.3.6 This LR is identified as low in rarity and regional importance; medium in landscape quality. It has high ability to accommodate changes, e.g. replaced by compensatory trees or via transplanting. Overall, it is considered to be medium in sensitivity.

12.5.3.10 The sensitivity of the LRs is summarised in Table 12.5 below.

12.5.4 Landscape Character Areas (LCAs)

12.5.4.1 There are five landscape character areas (LCAs) identified within the assessment area, please refer to Figure 12.4 and Figure 12.5 for their locations and photographic records respectively.

12.5.4.4 This LCA is common in Hong Kong with low rarity and regional importance. It is identified as medium in landscape quality with high ability to accommodate changes. LCA1 is therefore considered to be medium in sensitivity.

12.5.4.5 LCA2 is in the woodland located in the mid-section of the nullah. It is an extensive area covered by woodland vegetation. There are also two heritage sites (Pok Ngar Villa and Li Cottage) located within this LCA. Total 16 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LCA2.

12.5.4.6 In consideration to its combination of natural and cultural elements which forms a unique landscape area, it is identified with high rarity and regional importance; high in landscape quality with low ability to accommodate changes. LCA2 is considered to be high in sensitivity.

12.5.4.8 LCA3 is considered to be low in rarity and local importance, with medium landscape quality and high ability to accommodate changes. And therefore, LCA3 is considered to be medium in sensitivity.

12.5.4.10 Total 8 nos. of surveyed trees are located within LCA4. All of them are identified as Lagerstroemia speciosa, and listed under Cap.96.

12.5.4.13 The sensitivity of five LCAs is summarised in Table 12.6 as below.

12.5.5 Baseline Condition and Primary Zone of Visual Influence

12.5.6 Identification of Visually Sensitive Receivers (VSRs)

12.6.1.1 The construction works for the proposed revitalisation will mainly be carried out within the Tai Wai Nullah, while certain proposed architectural structures will be constructed at the roadside.

12.6.1.2 During the Construction Stage, potential adverse impacts would arise from:

12.6.2.1 Magnitude of landscape change to LRs are summarised in Table 12.8 while the significance of unmitigated landscape impact on LRs are illustrated in Table 12.12.

12.6.2.2 No construction works will be conducted within LR2, LR4, LR5 and LR6, and therefore 3 identified OVTs in LR6 are not affected by proposed works which will be retained in-situ. No adverse landscape impacts on these LRs are expected during construction phase.

12.6.2.6 Considering the temporary and reversible works in medium scale, also the medium sensitivity and high ability to accommodate changes of LR3, it is considered to experience “intermediate” magnitude of change and “moderate” impact significance during construction phase.

12.6.2.7 As there will be no built structure within LR2, LR4, LR5 and LR6, no landscape impacts arising from the Project are expected during operation.

12.7.1.2 During the Construction Stage, potential adverse visual impacts would arise from:

12.7.1.3 Additional source of night-time lighting which may affect adjacent VSRs close to proposed Project. As the revitalisation works cover the whole nullah, construction of all above-ground structures and soft landscape works will be the main visual impact to VSRs.

12.7.1.4 During the operational phase, only minor maintenance works such as regular clearance and repair of damages to the nullah bed and embankment. Potential visual impacts would also arise from operation of the architectural structures and recreational facilities.

12.7.2 Recommended Vantage Points for Photomontage

12.7.3.1 Assessment on potential magnitude and significance of unmitigated visual impacts during construction and operational Phases are shown in Table 12.9 and assessment on potential magnitude of change and significance of mitigated visual impacts are detailed in Table 12.13.

12.9.1 Significance of Residual Landscape Impact

12.9.1.1 Assuming proper implementation of mitigation measures for construction and operational Phases as stated in previous Table 12.10, Table 12.11 and Table 12.12, the residual impact for LRs and LCAs are discussed as below:

12.9.1.3 Overall, after well-implemented mitigation measures, residual landscape impact of LR1, LR3, LCA1, LCA3 will be reduced from “moderate” to “slight” while LCA2, LCA4 and LCA5 will remain as “slight”.

12.9.2.1 Assuming proper implementation of mitigation measures for construction and operational Phases as stated in previous Table 12.10, Table 12.11 and Table 12.13, the residual impact for identified VSRs are discussed as below:

12.10.1.2 The development has already been considered and assessed in Section 12.6, which included in visually sensitive receiver as R8 - Planned Comprehensive Development Area next to Tai Wai Station.

12.10.1.3 In consideration of the above concurrent development will not cause significant landscape and visual impact during construction and operational Phase, major adverse cumulative impacts are not anticipated.

12.11.1.2 A baseline review should be undertaken at the commencement of the construction contracts to update the status of LRs, LCAs and VSRs and submitted to EPD and PlanD for record.