Appendix 8.1 - Contamination Assessment Plan

1 Introduction

The Planning and Development Study on North East New Territories (NENT Study, CE64/96) commenced in 1998 had identified areas in Kwu Tung North (KTN), Fanling North (FLN) and Ping Che/Ta Kwu Ling (PC/TKL) to be suitable for New Development Areas (NDAs). The NENT Study also confirmed the feasibility of NDAs based on the findings and recommendations from the technical assessments on various aspects including planning, environmental and engineering. In 2003, having regard to the housing demand at the time, the Government decided to shelve the NDAs proposal in the interim pending a comprehensive review of Hong Kong’s overall planning under the Study on Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy (HK2030 Study).

The HK2030 Study carried out by the Planning Department (PlanD) completed in 2007 was a comprehensive review of Hong Kong’s territorial development strategy for formulating a broad planning framework to guide the future development of Hong Kong up to 2030. It recommended proceeding with KTN, FLN and PC/TKL NDAs (i.e. NENT NDAs) as well as Hung Shui Kui NDA to address long-term housing demand and to provide job opportunities. NENT NDAs and Hung Shui Kui NDA were included as one of ten major infrastructure projects in the 2007-08 Policy Address. .

Further to the recommendations for NDAs in HK2030 Study, the Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD) and PlanD jointly commissioned the North East New Territories New Development Areas Planning and Engineering Study - Investigation (the Project) to formulate updated development proposals for NENT NDAs. The Project aims to review and update the findings and recommendations of the NENT Study, and to formulate revised proposals for NENT NDAs.

Section 3.4.9.4 of the EIA Study Brief No.: ESB-176/2008 for the NENT NDAs project dated January 2008 issued by the EPD specified that a land contamination assessment shall be undertaken and that a Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) shall be submitted to the EPD for endorsement prior to conducting the assessment.

1.2 Study Area

The NENT NDAs under this Study including Kwu Tung North (KTN) NDA, and Fanling North (FLN) NDA covering a total area of about 612ha as shown in Figure 1.1.

It should be noted that the development boundaries of the NDAs have been readjusted and fine-tuned during the planning stage. The Study Area outlined in Figure 1.1 is reference to the revised Recommended Outline Development Plan (RODP) of NENT NDAs study.

1.2.1 Kwu Tung North (KTN) NDA

The KTN NDA covers an area of about 450 ha. It is located to the west and northwest respectively of the proposed FLN NDA and the existing Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town. It is generally bounded by the Shek Sheung River in the east, Castle Peak Road and the Fanling Highway in the south, Tit Hang in the west and Tai Shek Mo (Crest Hill) in the north.

Long Valley is located at the south-eastern part of KTN NDA. The area comprises a mix of active and inactive wet and dry agricultural land, together with small areas of semi-natural freshwater marsh and areas formed as compensatory wetlands. River Beas (Sheung Yue River) runs in a southwest to northeast direction along the western side of the Long Valley. It joins Shek Sheung River at the northern tip of Long Valley. On both sides of River Beas are strips of low-lying land, and there are some ponds with flat lands used for agriculture.

The majority of KTN NDA lies on a relatively flat area within the central and southern parts where the main developed areas are located. They involve mixed land uses which comprise small residential developments, scattered villages, agricultural lands, rural areas and rural industries including vehicle repair, construction material storage, container storage etc. In particular, Yin Kong Tsuen and Ho Sheung Heung are the recognised villages within KTN NDA. They are located at the southern end of Long Valley and to the west of River Beas respectively. The reserved location for Kwu Tung Station of Lok Ma Chau Spur line of MTRC (formerly KCRC) is located to the south of Tung Fong and to the north of Dills Corner Garden.

Within the northern portion of KTN NDA, the elevation of the topography rises gradually as a series of east-west striking hills to Fung Kong Shan. A number of smaller valleys branch off through this high ground in a northeast to southwest orientation. The Lo Wu Classification Range is located near to the northern end of KTN NDA, and the Ma Tso Lung Restored Landfill is located at the north-western end of KTN NDA.

1.2.2 Fanling North (FLN) NDA

The FLN NDA covers an area of about 164 ha. It is located immediately to the north of the established Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town and to the southeast of the proposed KTN NDA. It is generally bounded by Wa Shan in the north, the Ma Wat River in the east, Ma Sik Road and Tin Ping Road in the south, Ng Tung River in the southwest and Sheung Yue River in the west.

The majority of FLN NDA lies on a relatively flat area with mixed land uses which comprise agricultural and rural areas with scattered villages, some small isolated buildings and residential developments. Rural industries including vehicle repair and material storage are concentrated on the two sides of Jockey Club Road with FLN NDA. There is no recognized village in FLN NDA.

Sheung Shui Slaughter House and Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works are located at the western end, and Sheung Shui Water Treatment Works is located immediately to the north of FLN NDA. San Wai Barracks and San Wai/Tai Ling Firing Range are located to the north-east of FLN NDA.

1.2.3 Ping Che / Ta Kwu Ling (PC/TKL) NDA

PC/TKL NDA, which is previously included as a part of the NDAs, would be subject to replanning and would be proceeded at a later stage. Thus, there will not be a revised RODP for PC/TKL NDA at this juncture and no EIA and contamination assessment would be required in this context.

1.3 Designated Project

The planning study for the NENT NDAs is a Designated Project (DP) under Item 1 of Schedule 3 of EIAO - Engineering feasibility study of urban development projects with a study area covering more than 20 ha or involving a total population of more than 100,000.

In addition, the following work components also fall under various Schedule 2 DP categories as summarized in Table 1.1a and Table 1.1b. The locations of the Schedule 2 Designated Projects are shown in Figures 1.2.1 – 1.2.3.

Table 1.1a - Schedule 2 Designated Projects in KTN NDA

Item	Work Component	Schedule 2 DP Category
1	San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway Kwu Tung Section Widening (between San Tin Interchange and Po Shek Wu Interchange) (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road
2	Castle Peak Road Diversion (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.
3	KTN NDA Road P1 and P2 (New Road) and associated new Kwu Tung Interchange (New Road) and Pak Shek Au Interchange Improvement (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.
4	KTN NDA Road D1 to D5 (New Road)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.
5	New Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) in KTN NDA	F3	A sewage pumping station---(b) with an installed capacity of more than 2000 m3 per day and a boundary of which is less than 150 m from an existing or planned residential area or educational institution.
6	Proposed railway station and associated facilities in KTN NDA (To be conducted under other separated studies).	A2	A railway and its associated stations.
7	Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent	F4	An activity for the reuse of treated sewage effluent from a treatment plant

Table 1.1b - Schedule 2 Designated Projects in FLN NDA

Item	Work Component	Schedule 2 DP Category
7	Utilization of Treated Sewage Effluent	F4	An activity for the reuse of treated sewage effluent from a treatment plant
8	Po Shek Wu Interchange Improvement (Major Improvement)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road
9	Fanling Bypass Western Section (New Road)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road
10	Fanling Bypass Eastern Section (New Road)	A1	A road which is an expressway, trunk road, primary distributor road or district distributor road including new roads, and major extensions or improvements to existing road.
11	Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Works - Further Expansion at FLN NDA	F1	Sewage treatment works with an installed capacity of more than 15,000 m³per day.
12	Reprovision of temporary wholesale market in FLN NDA.	N3	A wholesale market.
13	New Sewage Pumping Stations (SPSs) in FLN NDA	F3	A sewage pumping station---(b) with an installed capacity of more than 2000 m³per day and a boundary of which is less than 150 m from an existing or planned residential area or educational institution.

1.4 Objectives

The purpose of this Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) is to provide information, guidance and instruction to characterise land contamination and identify where any contamination is or may be present during the construction and operation of the NENT NDAs. The objectives of this CAP are:

· To provide an account of the land use within project site boundary and relevant past land use history in relation to possible land contamination;

· To identify areas of potential contamination and the associated impacts, risks or hazards; and

· To identify the chemical of concern and scoping of requirements for sampling and laboratory testing of soil and groundwater samples.

1.5 Statutory Legislation and Evaluation Criteria

This CAP is prepared in accordance with the following Technical Memorandum and Guidance Notes:

· Annex 19 of the TM-EIAO, Guidelines for Assessment of Impact On Sites of Cultural Heritage and Other Impacts (Section 3 : Potential Contaminated Land Issues), EPD, 1997;

· Guidance Notes for Investigation Remediation of Contaminated Sites of Petrol Filling Stations, Boatyards, and Car Repairing/Dismantling Workshops, EPD, 1999 (i.e. superseded in August 2011);

· Guidance Manual for Use of Risk-Based Remediation Goals (RBRGs) for Contaminated Land Management, EPD, 2007.

· Guidance Notes for Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation EPD, 2007 ; and

· Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land, EPD, 2011

In accordance with EPD’s Guidance Note for Contamination Land Assessment and Remediation, a contamination assessment evaluation should:

· provide a clear and detailed account of the present use of the land and the relevant past land history, in relation to possible land contamination;

· identify areas of potential contamination and associated impacts, risks or hazards; and

· submit a plan to evaluate the actual contamination conditions for soil and/or groundwater, if required.

The EPD’s Guidance Notes include a summary of the general steps of a detail contamination assessment study.

Under the Annex 19 of the TM-EIAO, consideration shall be given to a number of potentially contaminating historical land uses, including oil installations, gas works, metal workshops, car repair and dismantling workshops, as having the potential to cause or have caused land contamination. All of these land uses have been identified either adjacent to, or within the NDAs area and work area boundary.

This CAP has been prepared to set out the requirements for a baseline contamination evaluation of the NDAs area and work areas. A Contamination Assessment Report (CAR) will be prepared following site investigation activities. If significant contamination is identified in the CAR, a Remediation Action Plan (RAP) will be developed to deal with these areas during excavation works for the Project. The RAP should follow the contents requirements as specified in the EPD’s Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land. A remediation Report (RR) will be prepared to demonstrate adequate clean-up and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of any construction/ development works within the NDAs.

2 Initial Site Appraisal

2.1 Desktop Review

A desktop study has been conducted to review past and present landuses, activities and installations in the vicinity of the NDAs boundary and the associated Designated Projects (i.e. details given in Section 1.3 ) that may pose potential for land contamination.

Existing information from historical land contamination site investigations and other contamination reports for areas located within the vicinity of the NDA boundary have been reviewed, including the following:

· Hong Kong Ordinance Survey Maps from various years;

· Relevant Outline Zoning Plans (OZPs) for Kwu Tung, Sheung Shui and Fanling;

· Hong Kong Geological Survey Maps (GSMs);

· Relevant aerial photos from 1963;

· Landuse information from the District Land Offices (DLO) in Yuen Long (DLO Yuen Long) and Fanling (DLO North);

· “Mapping Hong Kong, A Historical Atlas”, Government Information Services, 1992;

· “Sheung Shui to Lok Ma Chau Spurline Contaminated Land Assessment, Contamination Assessment Report (CAR) and Remediation Action Plan (RAP) Final (May 2002) with Addendum (August 2002) (2141/913)”, MTR, 2002; and

· “Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Planning and Development Study on North East New Territories”, CEDD and PlanD”, 2003.

2.1.1 Review of Aerial Photographs and Historical Landuse

The development history of the study areas and the associated Designated Projects was reviewed with the aid of the historical aerial photographs in Appendix A. It should be noted that except the southern section of Fanling Bypass, all Schedule 2 Designated Projects are located within the NDAs.

The current and historical contamination concerns within the NDA study areas and the southern section of Fanling Bypass have been identified and are discussed below:

Kwu Tung North (KTN) NDA

· Year 1963

The aerial photograph for the northern extent of the Kwu Tung North Development Area is missing in 1963. The southern extent of the development area is dominated by agricultural fields with village housing concentrated along the main access roads in Fung Kong and Tung Fong, Shek Tsa Long and Pak Shek Au. The Shek Sheung River runs parallel to the north eastern border of the development area and a tributary cuts through the middle of the development area from the north.

· Year 1972

The aerial photograph in 1972 shows that there is a hill range in the north of the development area which is undeveloped, in contrast, the flat land between the hill slopes is used as agricultural land. As was the case in 1963, the dominant land use in 1972 is agricultural. Since 1963 there has been further development of the existing villages and these are more apparent in 1972 with the majority of development occurring in the south of the development area.

· Year 1982

The aerial photograph for the northern extent of the development area is missing in 1982. However, the southern section, particularly by Fanling Highway and other main roads, has greatly developed since 1982 with the expansion of villages into towns and the first signs of large housing estates in the west. There are also large expanses of cleared ground.

· Year 1993

By 1993 more residential development has occurred throughout the development area with agricultural land remaining in the eastern extent. Large plots of land have also been developed as storage and parking facilities.

· Year 2001

By 2001 the Sheung Yue River and Shek Sheung River have been narrowed and channelized and there are an increased number of river crossings, improving accessibility to the growing residential areas. The area east of the Sheung Yue River and some land to the north west remains the sole agricultural land use. Light industry and storage and car parking facilities are located west of the Sheung Yue River.

· Year 2008

There has been little change between 2001 and 2008 in the Kwu Tong North development area; residential and light industrial development remains scattered throughout the area.

Fanling North (FLN) NDA

· Year 1963

The aerial photograph for the northern extent of the Fanling North Development Area is missing in 1963. However, the photograph for the southern section shows that in 1963 the majority of the land was used for agricultural purposes with much of the flat land divided into fields. The Ng Tung River runs through the length of the flat (flood plain land) in the development area. Hill slopes are located in the central section of the development area and these remain as grassland or scrubland. Village houses are evident and these are concentrated at the foot of the slopes and in village clusters scattered through-out the development area. Small access roads connect the villages to the fields and river crossings.

· Year 1972

Little has changed between 1963 and 1972 in Fanling North; the main use of the land remains as agricultural within the flood plain of the Ng Tung River, although there is increased housing in the south of the development area.

· Year 1982

Little has changed between 1972 and 1982 in Fanling North; the main use of the land remains as agricultural within the flood plain of the Ng Tung River, although there is increased housing in the south of the development area.

· Year 1993

By 1993 the majority of the land remains in agricultural use. However, the villages have increased in size, particularly in the south. Some agricultural land has been cleared; this is in the north of the development area and is focused along the main road and river. The land has been cleared and replaced with hard standing ground that is used for storage and trailer parking.

· Year 2001

By 2001, large areas of land have been cleared and are no longer used for agricultural fields. These clearance activities have been concentrated along the river corridor and to the north a sewage treatment works has been constructed. Village buildings are now scattered throughout the development area.

· Year 2008

By 2008 the Ng Tung River has been channelized and there are a number of road and river crossings. The previously cleared land is now also used for storage and parking capacity. The sewage treatment works in the north of the development area has also been expanded.

Fanling Bypass

· Year 1963

The photograph shows that in 1963 the majority of land was composed of agricultural land and village type buildings. Few temporary structures were found to the south of Fanling Highway.

· Year 1972

There has been little change between 1963 and 1972 near the development area; the main use of the land remains agricultural and residential.

· Year 1982

There has been little change between 1972 and 1982 near the development area; the main use of the land remains agricultural and residential. The number of temporary structures to the south of Fanling Highway increased as compared with those in 1972.

· Year 1993

By 1993 most of the agricultural land had changed into industrial uses with an increased number of temporary structures and parked trailers found in the photos.

· Year 2001

There has been little change between 1993 and 2001 near the development area; the main use of the land remains industrial.

· Year 2008

No significant change between 2001 and 2008. Only an increased number of parked trailers was found within the industrial areas.

2.2 Topography, Geology and Hydrology

The following sections provide an overview of the topography, geology and hydrology of the NDAs and the geology of Fanling Bypass alignment.

2.2.1 Kwu Tung North (KTN NDA)

Topography

The KTN NDA is located to the west of Fanling / Sheung Shui New Town and east of San Tin in the North New Territories. It is bounded to th east by the Shek Sheung River and section of Ng Tung River and to the north by the Frontier Closed Area Boundary. The Fanling Highway, from Fanling to Yuen Long and Tuen Mun fringes the site at the south. The Sheung Yue River also fringes the site from the central south boundary. The KTN NDA has an area of some 450 ha.

The general area lies in a large valley and flood plain feature extending from Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China (P.R.C) in the north to Fanling. A number of smaller valleys branch off through the high ground in a northeast to southwest orientation. The majority of the topographic features in this part of the northern New Territories are strongly structurally controlled and often faults related. Geological structures such as foliations developed above underlying San Tin Thrust faults control not only the location and elevation of valleys and floodplains but also the positions for soil/rock deposition in the basin of low-lying areas.

The south-eastern part (Long Valley) of KTN NDA area lies on the flood plain formed by the major rivers in the area (the river training works for the River Beas and the Shek Sheung River were completed in 2004). The site levels here range from about +3.40mPD to about +7.90mPD.

The other low-lying ground within the site area is built-up/ cottage area and is higher than the Long Valley area. The ground levels vary from approximately +8.00mPD to +20.00mPD and terraces gently upwards towards the foothills described below.

The site is bounded to the southwest, northwest and northeast by high ground. Hadden Hill in the southwest peaks at an elevation of about +222mPD. The hills to the west and northwest of the site peak at about + 100mPD to + 134mPD, whereas the hills towards the northeast of the site (Tai Shek Mo) peak at about +183mPD.

Within KTN NDA, the site is rural in character and it comprises villages and rural industrial uses (vehicle repair, construction materials storage site, etc.) which intermix with active and inactive agriculture, horticulture and fish farming. On both sides of Sheung Yue River, there are some fishery ponds with flat land used for agriculture. Some of the land areas have been filled up and used as open storage, breaker yards and residential purposes in recent years. This is especially so in the western part of the NDA.

There are cultural resources within the site including the historical buildings of the Sin Wai Nunnery, Hung Shing Temple, Pai Fung Temple and the declared/ deemed monument Hau Ku Shek Ancestral Hall.

Geology

Based on the currently available data it is found that majority of the KTN NDA is generally underlain by a layer of fill that generally of 2m thick, where the alluvium of up to 10m thick has been accumulated around the downstream side of Long Valley. Significant fill bodies are present at west (near a sports field at Fong Kong), with a thickness of up to 14m due to the completed designated filling area. Pockets of colluviums, average 1.5m thick but locally up to 11m thick, and thin lenses of pond deposits, typically about 0.5m thick, are occasionally encountered above the alluvium. These superficial deposits are typically underlain by decomposed fine to coarse ash tuff, schistose tuff or sedimentary rocks of few to 85m thick.

The anticipated rockhead level generally varies in accordance with the topography, ranging between approximately -40mPD to +10mPD across the flood plain area of the NDA site, up to +100mPD at hilly regions. According to the recent ground investigation under the current NENT NDA study, the lower rockhead levels (-40mPD to -25mPD) are encountered near the north-easterly San Tin thrust fault in the eastern KTN NDA, the north-south-trending trough at the central NDA and in the vicinity of the Sheung Yue River. Corestones within decomposed rocks are only occasionally encountered and appear to be uncommon within this Site. The geological section of KTN NDA is included in Appendix B

Hydrology

KTN NDA is located within the catchment boundary of Sheung Yue River. Sheung Yiu River runs from southwest to northeast direction along the eastern side of the proposed KTN NDA. Based upon past history, the flooding occurred in the low lying areas, especially near junction of Sheung Yue River with Ng Tung River.

The section of Sheung Yue River between Ng Tung River and Castle Peak Road is designed to provide a 1 in 50 year flood protection. Whereas, the upstream section is designed to provide a flood protection of 1 in 2 years.

Under the existing condition, the majority of the runoff from development site is discharged to Sheung Yue River with small catchment on west drain to Chau Tau Channel.

The flooding condition within the Kwu Tung North area will be improved considerably after the completion of the ongoing drainage improvement works recommended under the Drainage Master Plan Study in North New Territories.

2.2.2 Fanling North (FLN NDA)

Topography

FLN NDA is located immediately to the north of the developed areas of Fanling / Sheung Shui New Town. It is bounded to the south by Ma Sik Road and Po Wan Road. The northern boundary of the site is bounded by hills of Ma Tau Leng, Wa Shan and Cham Shan. The Ng Tung River also meanders through the area from the southeast to the west into Shek Sheung River. The FLN NDA has an area of around 180 ha.

The general area lies in a large valley and flood plain feature extending from Shenzhen (P.R.C) in the north to Tai Po at the head of Tolo Harbour towards the southeast. The site is bound to the north and northeast by high ground. Wa Shan towards the north of the area peaks at an elevation of about +140mPD approximately. A number of smaller valleys branch off through the high ground in a northeast to southwest orientation.

The majority of the topographic features in this part of the northern New Territories are strongly structurally controlled and often faults related. San Tin thrust fault is present from southwest to northeast near Cheung Po Tau in the north of FLN by his fault. Folds developed above the underlying discontinuities control the positions of hilly regions and low-lying areas with FLN NDA. Most of the area lies on the floodplain formed by Ng Tung River. The relative level ranges from about +3.40mPD to about +15.0mPD.

Unlike the variable land use within KTN NDA, private agricultural lots that are held under block government leases dominate the whole of FLN NDA. Few building lots are found in the NDA. Low village-type residential structures are dotted over the agricultural land. Industrial usage such as open storage of vehicles and repair workshops can also be found within the NDA.

Geology

The FLN NDA is generally underlain by fill of few to 6m thick in general, followed by a generally 6m to 8m thick of alluvial deposits. These superficial deposits are then underlain by relatively thick residual soil and decomposed tuff and metamorphosed tuff of up to 85m thick. Based on the available drillholes records, rockhead levels in the area appear to vary between +5mPD to deeper than -50mPD. However, it should be noted that confirmed bedrock was not encountered with the majority of the available borehole records. A local zone of corestones, comprising highly to moderately decomposed coarse ash tuff, was encountered above the rockhead near the east of Man Shek Tong Ancestral Hall. The thickness of this corestone zone is about 9m. The geological section of FLN NDA is included in Appendix B.

Hydrology

From the upland areas to the north there are a number of streams which cross through the site, prior to joining the Ng Tung River. Ng Tung River has been trained and providing a 1 in 50 year flood protection after river training works.

Under the existing condition, there are a series of urban catchments within Fanling and Sheung Shui, which are discharged to the Ng Tung River, whose outfall drainage comprising open channels and box culverts, crossing through the NDA.

Some low-lying areas remain to flood prone even after the completion of the river training works. This is because Ng Tung River constructed with embankments, which in low-lying areas will be at a higher level than the surrounding areas. The water level along the channel under extreme conditions may raise up above the existing ground levels whilst remaining in bank, which may result in flood water being retained behind embankments until the peak channel water levels subside.

2.2.3 Fanling Bypass

Topography, Geology and Hydrology

The Fanling Bypass area is generally covered by about 2m thick of fill, followed by 2m to 8m alluvium. The composition of alluvium consists of about 4m thick alluvial sand and then cobbles are followed. In-situ soil of completely decomposed tuff is encountered below the alluvium layer, with thickness about 10m to 30m. Moderately to slightly decomposed tuff is encountered as bedrock underneath. As reviewed from previous ground investigation records, the groundwater regime in this area is about 1m to 4m below existing ground level.

2.3 Previous Site Investigation

As far as the KTN NDA is concerned, a number of potential land contamination sites have been identified (i.e. refer to Section 3). It is revealed that during the construction of the Lok Ma Chau (LMC) Spur Line (i.e. the railway run through KTN NDA), the environmental site investigation was conducted in accordance with the Environmental Permit of the LMC Spur Line as those potential land contamination sites were not accessible for environmental SI during the Spur Line EIA Stage. Besides the concerned area during the land contamination assessment conducted during the construction of the mentioned project, we have also identified the remaining sites that will require land contamination sampling. No other previous land contamination study for FLN NDA is found.

Based on the findings of the corresponding Contamination Assessment Report (CAR) and Remediation Action Plan (RAP) Final (May 2002) with Addendum (August 2002) (2141/913) (Binnie May 2002), some of the potentially contaminated sites within the vicinity of the LMC Spur Line alignment have been assessed. However, the site survey revealed that various industrial activities were still in operation at most of the assessed sites, namely KTN-14, KTN-15, KTN-88 and KTN-89. Therefore these sites will be further assessed in this CAP.

Nevertheless, 2 assessed sites namely KTN-29,30,30a and KTN-30b have been excluded from further assessment in this CAP as these 2 sites have been assessed and remediated during the development and construction of LMC Spur Line. These 2 sites are fenced off as Spur Line Restricted Areas since the completion of remediation/ construction of LMC Spur Line. Site KTN-29,30,30a has been reserved for the development of future Spur Line Kwu Tung Station. Spur Line Emergency Access Point is located in site KTN-30b. No industrial activity was seen in these 2 sites during the site survey.

The aforementioned sites are shown in the figure attached in Appendix D.

2.4 Other Relevant Information

Acquisition of other relevant information from Fire Services Department (FSD) and Environmental Protection Department (EPD) was summarized below:

2.4.1 Fire Services Department

The Fire Services Department (FSD) has been contacted in January and February 2011 for

(i) The records of Dangerous Goods License(s), and

(ii) The reported accidents of spillage/leakage within the surveyed sites.

Based on the information provided by FSD on 11 February 2011 and 3 March 2011 respectively (as shown in Appendix C1), there is only one location used for storage of dangerous goods (i.e. 163 Ho Sheung Heung Road, Sheung Shui, New Territories) which is adjacent to KTN-48. Further site survey was conducted and confirmed that the aforesaid storage location is Lo Wu Correctional Institution.

2.4.2 Environmental Protection Department

The Environmental Protection Department (EPD) has been contacted in January 2011 for

(i) The records of Chemical Waste Producers Registration, and

(ii) The reported accidents of spillage/leakage within the surveyed sites.

Based on the information provided by EPD on 22 February 2011, lists of chemical waste production registration records and illegal wastewater discharge records are given in Appendix C2. A comparison table between surveyed sites with the records are also presented in Appendix C2 for easy reference.

2.5 Site Survey

Site surveys have been conducted in May to June 2009 to confirm findings of desktop study and to identify any other land uses within the NDA boundaries (i.e. include the associated Designated Projects and southern section of Fanling Bypass) which may have the potential for causing soil and groundwater contamination. The surveyed sites have also been re-visited from July 2012 to September 2012 to ensure the information given in this CAP is up-to-date.

2.5.1 Pre-Survey Preparation

In order to carry out the site surveys more effectively for these 2 NDAs, the following documents and information have been referred and comprehensively reviewed before conducting the site survey:

· Previous NENT Study, Technical Paper 13 Environmental Impact Assessment Study (TP13), Annex H - Contamination Assessment Plan (June 2003);

· Existing land uses plan; and

· Aerial photographs of Year 2008.

A field based site appraisal has been undertaken in the NDA areas and the southern section of Fanling Bypass in year 2003, as part of the previous NENT EIA Study. The site appraisal findings provided a preliminary understanding regarding the distribution of various potentially contaminating land uses in NDAs. All appraised sites located within the current NDA boundaries have been visited during the site survey, and their current land use status was also updated. The specific details of the potentially contaminating land uses identified in the site appraisal are given in Appendix C3.

It should be noted that some appraised sites are located outside the current NDA boundaries, and therefore no site survey was carried out for these appraised sites.

In additional to the site appraisal findings of year 2003, the existing land uses plans and aerial photographs of year 2008 also facilitate the site survey as they illustrate the current land use patterns in the two NDAs. Special attentions have been paid for the following land use categories during the site survey:

· Commercial use;

· Industrial use;

· Open storage;

· Warehouse; and

· Open car park.

Nevertheless, the areas of all other land use categories have also been visited for locating any potentially contaminating land uses that were not included in the existing land uses plans and TP13. The existing land use plans are shown in Figures 2.1.1 - 2.1.2.

2.5.2 Site Survey Results

Due to the limited access of the private lot sites, the site survey was mainly conducted by visual inspection from the entrance and / or boundary of sites. The details of each surveyed site, including the site description, information of OZPs / GSMs / historical aerial photos review, other relevant information obtain from FSD and EPD, site survey observations and site layout plan are given in Appendix D.

It should be noted that the surveyed sites (i.e. with assigned site number) shown in the figures of Appendix D were considered with certain potential of land contamination. On the other hand, the areas of the unnumbered areas / sites shown in the figures of Appendix D were dominated by woodland, grassland, agricultural land, ponds, natural and channelized streams, residential blocks, schools and village type development. All these unnumbered areas / sites have been visited during the site survey, and no potentially contaminating activity was found. Therefore, number was not assigned for these areas / sites in order to distinguish the surveyed sites with potentially contaminating land uses from other areas.

2.5.3 Contamination Rating System

The major scale site survey effort identified around 300 sites at the proposed NDAs and southern section of Fanling Bypass, which during the site survey exhibited visible evidence of contamination which was suspected to be derived from the particular land uses. The specific land uses which were identified as potentially contaminating sources include:

· Vehicle repair and maintenance yards / workshops;

· Car junk yards:

· Trailer /container storage yards;

· Scrap yards and metal recycling facilities;

· Petrol stations;

· Concrete batching plants;

· Metal workshops;

· Saw mills;

· Construction material and open storage areas; and

· Uncontrolled dumping; and

· Several types of manufacturing facilities (electronic, umbrella, chemical manufacturing etc)

The details of the potentially contaminating land uses are summarized in Appendix D. In order to determine those activities which pose the potential for contamination, a contamination rating was determined based on visual evidence and available historical records such as historical aerial photos and TP13’s findings to evaluate the potential contamination of the site. The EPD’s Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land has been used to determine those activities which pose the potential for contamination. The rating categories used in the preliminary site evaluation are as follows:

· “A” rating indicates a significant potential for land contamination, with visual evidence and supplement with the historical records to suggest the potential for soil and groundwater contamination (i.e. spillage / leakage of oils and / or chemicals, heavy oil stains on the ground, burn pits, areas of uncontrolled dumping etc);

· “B” rating indicates a low potential for land contamination, with no major concerns observed during the site survey; and

· “U” rating indicates the site was limited for access for visual inspection during the survey and the potential for land contamination could not be evaluated.

The ratings “A” and “B” are based on visual inspection (i.e. conducted from the entrance and / or boundary of the site) and available historical records such as historical aerial photos and TP13’s findings.

2.6 Future Landuse and Activities

The RBRGs have developed four different post-restoration land uses, namely “Urban Residential”, “Rural Residential”, “Industrial” and “Public Parks”, to reflect the actual settings which people could be exposed to contaminted soil or groundwater. Definition of post-restoration land uses are given in EPD’s Guidance Note for Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation and RBRGs Guidance Manual.

The revised RODP of NDAs is given in Figures 2.2.1 - 2.2.2, which consisted of different facilities, such as residential buildings, education institutions, outdoor sport facilities, commercial, mixed development, police facilities, primary and district distributors, sewage treatment works, sewage pumping stations, wholesale market, railway, pedestrian walkway, open space, car park and various of public utilities etc. The relevant RBRGs for the identified contaminated sites should be decided with reference to the revised RODP of NDAs. The most relevant RBRG corresponding to its future land use should be adopted in assessing its land contamination level.

Corresponding RBRGs landuse of the associated facilities are defined and given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Post-restoration land use and RBRGs land use

Landuse	Corresponding RBRGs Landuse
Commercial / Residential · Urban High Rise · Low Rise in Rural Area	Urban Residential Rural Residential
Commercial / Business & Office	Urban Residential
School	Rural Residential
Public Park with Indoor Games Hall	Lower of Public Park or Urban Residential
Warehouse & Storage	Industrial
Government, Institution & Community Facilities	Urban Residential
Road including Pedestrian Walkway	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
Railway	Industrial
Open Space	Public Park
Public Utilities	Industrial

Nevertheless, if the future land uses is changed after the approval of this CAP or in doubt during the assessment (i.e. interpretation of the soil and groundwater testing results), the most stringent set of RBRGs should be adopted.

3 Potentially Contaminated Sites

3.1 Potentially Contaminated Sites with “A” Rating

Potentially contaminated sites within the NDAs (i.e. include the locations of the associated Designated Projects) and along the southern section Fanling Bypass have been identified based on the selected historical aerial photos, information of TP13 and existing land uses plans, and the information collected during site survey.

The details of the surveyed sites are given in Appendix D. It is recommended that intrusive site investigations are carried out on the identified sites with a contamination rating “A” (i.e. potentially contaminated sites). Locations of the sites with “A” rating are given in Figures 3.1.1 - 3.1.3 and summarised in Tables 3.1 - 3.3.

Further site appraisal will be carried out by Project Proponent (PP)’s appointed consultants once site access is available (e.g. after land redemption) for the sites with “A” rating, in order to identify the presence of “hot spots” for intrusive site investigation.

The PP/ PP’s appointed consultants should also liaise with DLO of Lands Department to find out if a “Decontamination” clause had been incorporated into the land lease/ tenancy agreement of the sites with potential land contamination as identified in this CAP which requires the responsible lessee/ tenant to undertake a land contamination assessment including decontamination works (if any). If the “Decontamination” clause exists, the PP/ PP’s appointed consultants should identify the responsible party (i.e. name of relevant government department, land lessee/ occupier/ owner, etc.) for undertaking the land contamination assessment including land decontamination works for each of the identified sites.

The PP’s consultants should prepare a supplementary CAP to summarise the relevant findings regarding the “Decontamination” clause and the further site appraisal. A supplementary CAR, RAP and RR for contaminations other than As (which will follow the recommendations of the HRA) should also be prepared by the PP’s and submit to EPD for approval prior to the commencement of the proposed development at these sites.

3.2 Surveyed Sites with “B” and “U” Ratings

Although many of the sites are not identified as potentially contaminated sites (e.g. the sites with rating “B”) or cannot be accessed for visual inspection (e.g. the sites with rating “U”) during the course of this EIA Study, these sites are still in operation and the proposed development of these sites will only commenced in a number of years later. Change of the land usage (e.g. change to use as chemical storage area, dismantling workshop, etc) may occur in these sites, which may cause potential land contamination. Hence, once the individual site is handed over to the PP for development, the PP’s appointed consultants should revisit these sites to assess the latest site situation. If any of these sites are found to have sign of potential land contamination, the PP’s appointed consultants are required to prepare and submit the supplementary CAP to EPD prior to the commencement of SI works. Following on from the submission of CAP and completion of SI, the PP’s appointed consultants would prepare CAR, RAP and RR for contaminations other than As (which will follow the recommendations of the HRA) to EPD for approval prior to the commencement of the proposed development at these sites.

3.3 Submission Requirements

In order to avoid errors and misplacement of documents, the PP’s appointed consultants should submit the supplementary CAP, CAR, RAP and RR as mentioned in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 in separate packages (e.g. one package for one project/development area) instead of one set of report which includes all of the concerned sites as mentioned in aforementioned sections.

Prior to the commencement of any proposed construction works, the PP’s appointed consultants should prepare a Remediation Report (RR) and submit to EPD to demonstrate that the decontamination work is adequate and is carried out in accordance with the endorsed CAR and RAP. Information such as soil treatment/disposal records (including trip tickets), confirmatory sampling results, photographs and, if applicable, certification of independent checker should be included in the aforesaid RR.

No construction works should be carried out before the endorsement of the RR given by EPD.

If the proposed development / construction works of any individual site(s) is categorized as Designated Project under EIAO, the CAP and CAR/ RAP shall be documented in the EIA Study Report of the Designated Project(s).

Table 3.1 Potentially Contaminated Landuse (“A” Rating Sites) at KTN NDA

Site No.*	Location	Current Land Use	Potentially Sources of Contamination	Approximate Area (m²)	Recommended No. of Boreholes⁽ⁱ⁾	Future Landuse	Corresponding RBRGs
KTN-1	Tsuen Kee, vehicle repair and car dump (paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair and Car Dump	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance and demolishing activities	1,878	12	AGR, GB	Public Park
KTN-2a	Kin Lik metal recycling (partially paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Metal Workshop	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during metal cutting/welding activities	639	4	AGR, A	Public Park
KTN-4a	Yat Fai vehicle repairing workshop (partially paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	770	5	AGR, A	Public Park
KTN-5	Tong Kee, vehicle repair (AGREBA) (partially paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	2,637	13	A, OU, Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-5b	Hai Sai Mechanical Equipment (paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Maintenance of Forklift	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	881	5	Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-5e	Kam Tat fuel filling station (illegal??) (partially paved)	Temporary fuel filling station	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels during filling operation	646	4	A, Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-5n	Eastern Yard Development Co. Ltd (partially paved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	527	3	O, Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-6	Sam Luen vehicle repair (small scale) (partially paved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	607	3	Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-7,8	Kam Shing, vehicle repair and car dump (partially paved to paved), refuelling station (Side road, north of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair and Fuel Filling	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance and filling activities	5,163	17	Commercial, Research & Development/OU	Urban Residential
KTN-16	Computer waste recycling yard (partially paved) (South of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Electronic Waste Recycling	Possible spillage/ leakage of acid and metal-containing liquid during demolishing and recycling activities	5,482	18	A, R2	Urban Residential
KTN-16a	Fu Shing / Fu Ton vehicle repair workshop (partially paved) (South of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,620	10	A, R2	Urban Residential
KTN-16c	Heavy Equipment Maintenance workshop (unpaved) (South of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Excavator Maintenance	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,526	9	A, R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-18	Vehicle repair and maintenance workshop, (unpaved), (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,974	12	Commercial, Research & Development/OU	Urban Residential
KTN-18a	Vehicle repair and maintenance workshop (unpaved ground with some metal sheet) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	456	3	Commercial, Research & Development/OU	Urban Residential
KTN-19-23	Vehicle and heavy equipment repair and maintenance, car dump (unpaved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair and Car Demolish	Heavy staining of soil in several locations, vehicle parts, fuel drums, refuelling operations, tires and scrap metal	4,002	14	Commercial, Research & Development/OU	Urban Residential
*KTN-23b*	Chung Hing Hong, petrol station (partially paved) Shell Gas (North of Castle Peak Road)	Fuelling Area/ Fuel Storage	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuel during filling activity	203	3	A	Public Park
KTN-25	Vehicle repair and maintenance workshop, (unpaved), (South of Ho Sheung Heung Pai Fung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,092	6	R2	Urban Residential
KTN-26a	Abandoned Vehicle Repair Workshop (paved) , (South of Ho Sheung Heung Pai Fung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	218	3	A, Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-26b	Heavy vehicle repair and maintenance workshop (partially paved) (South of Ho Sheung Heung Pai Fung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	761	5	A, R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-28c	Hang Fai, vehicle repair and maintenance (unpaved) (East of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	5,981	20	Commercial, Research & Development/OU	Urban Residential
KTN-28h	Shing Kee Metal Works (paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Metal Workshop	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during metal cutting/welding activities	483	3	Commercial, Research & Development/OU	Urban Residential
KTN-31c	Open storage and car park (unpaved) (South of Ma Tso Lung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	2,481	12	O, R1c	Urban Residential
KTN-34	Tsuen Kee Transportation Company, container yard with minor vehicle repair activity. Limited access. (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	3,699	14	R2, O	Urban Residential
KTN-34a	Wah Yan Hong Chemical Factory (1974), (paved) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Chemical Processing and Storage	Possible spillage/ leakage of chemicals during operation.	1,494	9	R2, O, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-34b	Lai Cheong, Metal Workshop (paved)	Metal Workshop	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during metal cutting/welding activities	545	3	R2, O	Urban Residential
*KTN-35a*	Vehicle repair and maintenance (partially paved) (North of Ma Tso Lung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	632	4	PRH, O	Urban Residential
KTN-35c	Wo Fat vehicle repair (unpaved) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,394	8	E, PRH, O, Road network within revised RODP	Rural Residential
KTN-36	Sun Wing Lee heavy equipment maintenance workshop (Ho Sheung Heung Pai Fung Road)	Heavy Equipment Repair	Possible spillage/ leaking of fuels & oils during maintenance activities	2,349	12	R2	Urban Residential
KTN-37	Industrial Estate (i.e. several large warehouse, Hip Chun metal workshop, Tak Fung waste recycling yard, Chun Hing warehouse, Yee Fu logistic and warehouse, Wing Chun logistic) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Pai Fung Road)	Industrial Estate	Possible spillage/ leaking of fuels, oils and chemical during various industrial and maintenance activities	8,254	28	GB, R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-38	Heavy Truck Parking (partially paved) and Vehicle Maintenance Workshop (paved) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	10,377	29	A, GB, R2, O, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-39	Hop Cheong, Vehicle Repair and Maintenance (since 2003) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	959	6	A, R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-40	Wah Fung Hong, Sun Lun, scrap metal (paved) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Metal Recycling	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils or other chemical during recycling and packing process	3,758	14	A, R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-40a	Open parking with maintenance workshop (partially paved) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	2,485	12	R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-41	Unistress Concrete Products (HK) Limited. Paul Y warehouse and open storage with equipment maintenance workshop (partially paved) (West of Ho Sheung Heung Road)	Heavy Equipment Repair	Possible spillage/ leaking of fuels & oils during maintenance activities	20,478	31	A, R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-51b	Vehicle repairing workshop (partially paved) (To the south of Lo Wu Firing Range)	Vehicle Repair	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,021	6	A, GB, Gr	Urban Residential
KTN-51d	Storage of heavy equipment (unpaved) (To the south of Lo Wu Firing Range)	Scrap Metal Storage and equipment maintenance	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals during maintenance activities	535	3	Gr	Urban Residential
KTN-52a	Abandoned temporary structures with a chimney (partially paved) (To the south of Lo Wu Firing Range)	Scrap Metal Storage and equipment maintenance	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals during maintenance activities	835	5	Gr	Urban Residential
KTN-54	Fuel filling station (paved) (To the south of Lo Wu Firing Range)	Fuel filling and storage of oil drums	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during operation	952	6	A, Gr, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-58c	Waste recycling workshop (partially paved) (Next to the Lo Wu Firing Range)	Waste metal and plastic recycling	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals during operation	890	6	OU, Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-64b	Lik Hang Engineering with metal workshop (partially paved) (North of Ma Tau Lung Road)	Scrap Metal Storage and equipment maintenance	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals during maintenance activities	1,051	6	O	Public Park
KTN-69	Metal Workshop (paved) (East of Ma Tso Lung Road)	Metal Workshop	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during metal cutting/welding activities	1,721	11	E	Rural Residential
KTN-74a	Construction materials and equipments (unpaved) (East of Ma Tso Lung Road)	Open Storage	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals from previous and current storage	549	3	PRH	Urban Residential
KTN-74b	Ka Cheung maintenance yard (unpaved) (East of Ma Tso Lung Road)	Construction Equipment Maintenance	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	693	4	PRH	Urban Residential
KTN-74e	Vehicle repair and maintenance yard (paved) (East of Ma Tau Lung Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	901	6	PRH	Urban Residential
*KTN-77*	Container trailer park with vehicle repairing workshop (unpaved). Metal workshop (unpaved). (area behind saw mills) (Behind Saw Mills KTN-76)	Heavy Vehicle Parking and Repairing. Painting of Metal on Unpaved Ground	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals during previous storage and dumping activities (i.e. oil stain observed in some area)	5,421	18	O, PRH	Urban Residential
*KTN-78*	Combine with 77			5,421	18	O, PRH	Urban Residential
KTN-81	Po Wing, vehicle repair and maintenance (partially paved) (East of Ma Tau Lung Road)	Vehicle Repair and Demolish	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance and demolishing activities	2,751	13	R2, RR4	Rural Residemtial
KTN-84	Shun Hai, trailer park, repair and maintenance activities (paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	5,526	19	A, G, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-88	Car Vehicle and Trailer Parking Area (partially paved) (part of the site within the vicinity of LMC Spur Line)	Trailer parking lot	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils of vehicle.	3,123	13	A, GB, Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
KTN-92c	Open storage (unpaved, grassland) (Next to Ho Sheung Heung Village)	Heavy Equipment Parking and Oil Drums Storage	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during filling activities	1,815	11	R2, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
KTN-101	3 units of vehicle repairing and demolishing workshops (partially paved) (North of Castle Peak Road)	Vehicle Repair and Demolish	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance and demolishing activities	1,063	6	CDA, E, Road network within revised RODP	Rural Residential

Note *: Permission for access the Sites KTN-23b, KTN-35a, KTN-77 and KTN-78 has been granted for selecting the hotspot locations (e.g. borehole locations for intrusive SI). Intrusive site investigation will be carried out at these sites after liaison with the land user and formal permission for Intrusive SI is granted.

Note (i): Except Sites KTN-23b, KTN-35a and KTN-77,78 (i.e. these sites have been accessed and hotspots have been identified), determination of the number of boreholes for other sites is based on Table 2.1 of the Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land (PG) as summarized below:

Area of Site (m²)	Min Number of Sampling Points
100	3
500	3
1,000	6
2,000	12
4,000	14
5,000	17
8,000	28
10,000	29
30,000	32
90,000	35

Total recommended no. of boreholes is 490.

Table 3.2 Potentially contaminated landuse (“A” Rating Sites”) at FLN NDA

Site No.*	Location	Current Land Use	Potentially Sources of Contamination	Approximate Area (m²)	Recommended No. of Boreholes⁽ⁱ⁾	Future Landuse	Corresponding RBRGs
*FLN-9a*	Luen Fat, vehicle repairing workshop (paved) (To the east of Woodland Crest)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	343	3	Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
FLN-10	Kee Cheong, vehicle repairing workshop (paved) (To the east of Woodland Crest)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	306	3	Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
FLN-11, 12, 13	Hing Yau Hon container yard (paved) (Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	13,995	29	IC, OU, G	Urban Residential
FLN-18	Yiu Wah vehicle repairing workshop (partially paved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities.	1,144	7	OU, G	Urban Residential
FLN-18a	Chung Kee, Choi Kee and other 2 Vehicle Repairing Workshops. (unpaved to partially paved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities.	4,272	15	OU	Public Park
FLN-18c	Hor Lung A/C, Electronic, Battery and Vehicle Repairing Workshop (paved) (Man Kam To Road)	A/C, Battery and Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities.	321	3	OU	Public Park
FLN-23	2 Vehicle Repairing Workshops and 1 Illegal Petrol Filling Station. (partially paved) (Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	2,831	13	OU	Public Park
FLN-23a	Tat Wo, car repairing/maintenance (partially paved) (Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,536	9	O, OU	Public Park
FLN-27a	Parking Lot with Vehicle Repairing Workshop (partially paved) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Parking with Heavy Oil Staining	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils of vehicle.	537	3	G	Urban Residential
FLN-27c	Tai Keung Machinery (unpaved) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Machinery Repairing	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during repairing activities	995	6	G	Urban Residential
FLN-28	Former Kit Wing vehicle repairing workshop (paved) (no operation) (access limited) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Vacant with Oil staining	Possible contamination from the past activities. (e.g. spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities)	162	3	G, O, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
FLN-29a	Sin Tat vehicle parking lot (partially paved) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,144	7	G	Urban Residential
FLN-29b	Ho Wah, vehicle repairing workshop (paved) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	265	3	G	Urban Residential
FLN-29c	Transportation company with in-house vehicle repairing workshop (partially paved) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	492	3	G	Urban Residential
FLN-29d	Logistic Company (paved) with parking lot beyond the loading bay (unpaved)	Trailer Park with Oil Staining	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils of vehicle.	4,371	15	G, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
FLN-29f	Kwong Ming vehicle repairing Workshop (partially paved) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,792	11	Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
FLN-30	Yhet Hing vehicle repairing workshop (partially paved) (To the east of Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	107	3	G, O, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
FLN-30c	Yee Hop Heavy Equipment Maintenance Workshop (unpaved)	Equipment Maintenance	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	1,390	8	G, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
FLN-31a	Lung Sum vehicle repairing Workshop (partially paved) (Fu Tei Au Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	790	5	G	Urban Residential
FLN-34	Fu Wah vehicle repairing workshop (partially paved) (Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	735	4	Road network within revised RODP	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
FLN-35	Kai Wan vehicle repairing workshop (unpaved) (Man Kam To Road)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	4,545	16	G	Urban Residential
FLN-37	Waste Recycling Workshop (partially paved) (Man Kam To Road)	Waste metal and plastic recycling	Potential spillage/ leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals during operation	3,236	13	O, OU	Public Park
FLN-41	Large container yard with few maintenance workshops (unpaved)	Containers Yards	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils of vehicle.	65,634	34	O, PRH, OU, G, Road network within revised RODP	Urban Residential
FLN-42	Vehicle Repairing Workshop (unpaved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	986	6	AGR, G	Urban Residential

Note *: Permission for access the Site FLN-9a has been granted for selecting the hotspot locations (e.g. borehole locations for intrusive SI). Intrusive site investigation will be carried out at this site after liaison with the land user and formal permission for detail SI is granted.

Note (i): Except Site FLN-9a (i.e. this site has been accessed and hotspots have been identified), determination of the number of boreholes is based on Table 2.1 of the Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land (PG) as summarized below:

Area of Site (m²)	Min Number of Sampling Points
100	3
500	3
1,000	6
2,000	12
4,000	14
5,000	17
8,000	28
10,000	29
30,000	32
90,000	35

Total recommended no. of boreholes is 222.

Table 3.3 Potentially Contaminated Landuse (“A” Rating Sites) along Southern Section of Fanling Bypass

Site No.*	Location	Current Land Use	Potentially Sources of Contamination	Approximate Area (m²)	Recommended No of Boreholes⁽ⁱ⁾	Future Landuse	Correspoding RBRGs
FLB-5	K. Lee Engineering Ltd. (paved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	3,033	13	Road network (FLB)	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
FLB-14	Kin Yip Motors (Operated by Cross Trade Investment Ltd), Car repairing workshop (paved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	498	3	Road network (FLB)	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
FLB-17	Existing Caltex Petrol Station (paved)	Fuelling Area/ Fuel Storage	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuel during filling activity	770	5	Road network (FLB)	Lower of Industrial or Public Park
FLB-19	Car repairing workshop (paved)	Vehicle Repair	Possible spillage/ leakage of fuels and oils during maintenance activities	368	3	Road network (FLB)	Lower of Industrial or Public Park

Note *: No permission was granted for access the site in FLB.

Note(i): Determination of the number of boreholes is based on Table 2.1 of the Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land (PG) as summarized below:

Area of Site (m²)	Min Number of Sampling Points
100	3
500	3
1,000	6
2,000	12
4,000	14
5,000	17
8,000	28
10,000	29
30,000	32
90,000	35

Total recommended no. of boreholes is 24.

Type of Activities Based upon Site Surveys in 2009	Potentially Polluting Activities	Potential Source of Contamination	Possible Contaminants	Key Chemicals of Concern (COCs)
Motor vehicle/ equipment depot, repairing, service centre	Release of oils and fuels and lubricants from vehicles, vehicle and equipment maintenance and refuelling. Use of chemicals and solvents in maintenance activities. Motor vehicle painting and storage and disposal of wastes.	Vehicle maintenance, scrap vehicle parts, fuels and lubricants storage	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), solvent or degreasers, paint and battery acid.	Metals⁽¹⁾ (e.g. chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc), PCRs^(2), VOCs⁽³⁾ (e.g. acetone, BTEX, MTBE, and trichloroethene) and SVOCs⁽⁴⁾ (e.g. PAHs),
Car junk yards	Release of oils and fuels and lubricants from vehicles, vehicle and equipment maintenance and refuelling. Use of chemicals and solvents in maintenance activities. Motor vehicle painting and storage and disposal of wastes.	Vehicle maintenance, scrap vehicle parts, fuels and lubricants storage	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), solvent or degreasers, paint and battery acid.	Metals (e.g. chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc), PCRs, VOCs (e.g. acetone, BTEX, MTBE, and trichloroethene) and SVOCs (e.g. PAHs),
Trailer /container storage yards	Release of oils and fuels and lubricants from vehicles, vehicle and equipment maintenance and refuelling. Use of chemicals and solvents in maintenance activities. Motor vehicle painting and storage and disposal of wastes.	Vehicle maintenance, scrap vehicle parts, fuels and lubricants storage	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), solvent or degreasers, paint.	Metals (e.g. chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc), PCRs, VOCs (e.g. acetone, BTEX, MTBE, and trichloroethene) and SVOCs (e.g. PAHs),
Scrap yards and metal recycling facilities	Waste oils and fuels and lubricants from scrap vehicles/ machinery, transformers, scrap metals, vehicle and equipment maintenance and refuelling. Storage and disposal of wastes.	Mechanical machinery, scrap metals and debris storage, maintenance activities.	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), solvent or degreasers.	Metals (full list), VOCs (e.g. acetone, BTEX, MTBE and trichloroethene), PCRs, SVOCs (e.g. PAHs), and PCBs^.
Petrol filling stations	Leaks from pipework, tanks and offset fill pipes. Spills during customer refuelling, filling underground storage tanks and over filling of portable containers.	Petrol station fuel tanks / drums, possible vehicle maintenance.	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), solvent or degreasers.	Metals (e.g. lead), PCRs, VOCs (e.g. BTEX and MTBE), and SVOCs (e.g. PAHs).
Concrete and asphalt production	Storage and transfer of residues from physical conversion of earthen materials by sorting, mixing, and grinding.	Mechanical machinery, maintenance activities, fuel and lubricants storage.	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), solvent or degreasers.	VOCs (e.g. BTEX), PCRs, and SVOCs.
Steel mills/ metal workshops	Use of metals and chemicals for manufacturing, equipment maintenance and cleaning, storage, treatment and disposal of wastes.	Mechanical machinery, foundry metal works, scrap metals and debris storage, fuel and lubricants storage.	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants-cutting and coating oils), solvent or degreasers, paints.	Metals (full list), PCRs, VOCs (e.g. BTEX), SVOCs (e.g. phenol, and PAHs).
Saw mills	Timber cutting and shaping activities, mechanical machinery, fuels and lubricants storage.	Timber cutting and shaping activities, mechanical machinery, fuels and lubricants storage.	Wood treatment chemical, hydrocarbons (fuel, oils, lubricants-cutting and coating oils)	Metals (e.g. lead, chromium, copper, zinc), PCR, VOCs, and SVOCs.
Construction material and open storage areas	Loading, unloading and storage of goods, fuel storage and transfer, maintenance of equipment and vehicles.	Fuels, lubricants and various kinds of chemical storage	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), various chemicals.	Metals (full list), PCRs, VOCs and SVOCs.
Uncontrolled dumping	Storage of general construction waste, vehicle and machinery parts, paints, fuels, oils, metals and batteries.	General construction waste, vehicle and machinery parts, paints, fuels, oils, metals, batteries.	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants-cutting and coating oils), paint, organic solvents, acids, lubricants and unidentified contaminants.	Metals (full list), PCRs, VOCs, SVOCs, free cyanide, and PCBs.
Chemical manufacturing/ processing plants, dangerous goods stores	Spillages and accidents related to storage of chemicals, manufacturing process, equipment maintenance and cleaning, storage, treatment and disposal of wastes.	Mechanical manufacturing equipments for chemicals and various kinds of chemical storage	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), various chemicals, organic solvents, acids	Dependent on the materials handled, stored, used and produced on site but would generally include PCRs, VOCs, and SVOCs.
Industrial estate	Release of oils and fuels and lubricants from mechanical machinery, equipment maintenance and refuelling. Use of chemicals and solvents in maintenance activities. Storage of foundry metal works, scrape metals, debris, fuel and lubricants.	Mechanical machinery, foundry metal works, scrap metals and debris storage, fuel and lubricants storage.	Heavy metals, hydrocarbon (fuel, oils, lubricants), solvent or degreasers, paint, battery acid, lubricants and unidentified contaminants.	Metals (full list), PCRs, VOCs, SVOCs, free cyanide, and PCBs.
Several types of manufacturing facilities (electronic, umbrella, chemical manufacturing etc)	Release of oils and fuels and lubricants from mechanical machinery, equipment maintenance and refuelling. Use of chemicals and solvents in maintenance activities. Storage of chemicals for various manufacturing processes.	Mechanical machinery, paint spraying, fuels and lubricants storage, a range of chemicals associated with various manufacturing processes.	Paints, organic solvents and degreasers, acids, lubricants (cutting and coating oils), various kinds of chemicals.	Metals (full list), PCRs, VOCs, SVOCs, free cyanide, and PCBs.

Locations	Coordinates	Sampling Strategy	Estimated No. of Samples ⁽¹⁾
Kwu Tung North	KTN-23b (Figures 5.1.1, 5.2.1a & 5.2.1b)	KTN 23b-1	828497	840470	14.20 - (Drillhole Record at (E828509.67, N840339.42) in Jan 95 was referred. (i.e. ALLUVIUM ended at Saprolite layer of 14.10mbgl)	Drilling of a borehole and collection of soil samples at depths of 0.5, 1.5 & 3.0, and then at 3.0m intervals to the termination level for environmental sampling. One groundwater sample if encountered.	6 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 23b-2	828504	840458	6 soil + 1 water samples
KTN-35a,b (Figure 5.1.1, 5.2.2a & 5.2.2b)	KTN 35a-1	828455	841025	6.45 - (Drillhole Record at (E828480.29, N841189.88) in April 97 was referred. (i.e. COLLUVIUM ended at Saprolite layer of 6.45mbgl)	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 35a-2	828468	841029	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN-77,78 (Figures 5.1.1. 5.2.3a & 5.2.3b)	KTN 77,78-1	827968	840911	1.50 + 4.50 = 6.00 (Drillhole Record at (E827999.14, N840957.17) in Nov/Dec 97 was referred. Owing to the relative thin COLLUVIUM layer ended at Saprolite layer of 1.5m, it is recommended to extend the Termination Level into the first layer of Saprolite (Grade V slightly gravelly sandy SILT/CLAY) from 1.5 to 6.0m	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 77,78-2	827983	840935	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 77,78-3	827989	840916	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 77,78-4	828003	840921	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 77,78-5	828021	840941	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 77,78-6	828023	840925	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 77,78-7	828014	840917	4 soil + 1 water samples
KTN 77,78-8	828025	840907	4 soil + 1 water samples
Fanling North	FLN-9a (Figure 5.1.2, , 5.2.4a & 5.2.4b)	FLN 9a-1	832062	840917	10.3 - (Drillhole Record at (E832033, N840928) in Aug 88 was referred. (i.e. ALLUVIUM stopped at Saprolite layer of 10.3mbgl)	5 soil + 1 water samples
FLN 9a-2	832073	840915	5 soil + 1 water samples
FLN 9a-3	832075	840906	5 soil + 1 water samples

5.3 Sampling Strategy

5.3.1 General

The sampling work will be undertaken following appropriate protocols, to minimise the potential for cross-contamination between samples and between different sampling locations. The soil sampling methods are based on techniques developed by USEPA. These methods include decontamination procedures, sample collection, preparation and preservation, and chain-of-custody documentation.

For general land contamination assessments, samples are collected by drillholes as the sampling depth will often exceed 3.0m. This will minimise the chance of cross-contamination between samples that are often observed when using the trial pit method. When conducting the intrusive investigations, care will be taken to avoid underground utilities.

Samples for laboratory testing will be taken with clean stainless steel hand tools and clean latex gloves and placed in rigid containers made of a material that is non-reactive with the likely contaminants.

In addition to the samples collected for laboratory analysis, a strata log will be kept for record of additional data to aid in the interpretation of results. Information on the general structure of the subsurface strata including grain size, colour, and wetness, and the depth and thickness of each soil/rock layer will be noted. The presence of any foreign material such as metals, wood, or plastics is also to be recorded.

All field personnel should wear adequate personal protective equipment when working in potential contaminated areas.

5.3.2 Decontamination Procedures

Equipment in contact with the ground shall be thoroughly decontaminated between each sampling event to minimize the potential for cross contamination. The equipment shall be decontaminated by steam cleaning, then washed with phosphate-free detergent and finally rinsed with water. Only clean water shall be used for drilling.

A clean area immediately adjacent to the sample location should be established, using a clean plastic sheet, on which all cleaned, and foil wrapped equipment may be placed.

During sampling and decontamination activities, disposable latex gloves shall be worn to prevent the transfer of contaminants from other sources. Disposable accessories, such as latex gloves, will be discarded after use.

5.3.3 Soil Sampling

Drillhole sampling

Drilling of borehole and collection of soil samples should be conducted at depths of 0.5m, 1.5m & 3.0m, and then at 3.0m intervals to the base. The on-site Land Contamination Specialist will decide the appropriate depths for sampling on a point by point basis.

Sufficient sample (see Table 5.2) should be placed in a pre-cleaned glass sample jar. The jar lid should be covered with laboratory solvent washed aluminium foil and lids. The jar must be filled with no void space (or otherwise if specified by the lab) for samples to be tested for VOCs. Each sample jar should be labelled. Records should be made of the details of the sampling location and other pertinent data. A chain-of-custody form should be completed for the samples. All samples should be stored on ice in portable ice chests between 2^oC – 4^oC whilst in the field or in transit.

Trial pit sampling

Trial pits should be constructed on site for soil and groundwater sampling if drilling sampling is not feasible. Trial pits can be constructed either manually or by an excavator, as judged as suitable by the site investigation contractor. Exact location of soil sampling should be determined on site by the on-site Land Contamination Specialist based on observation. The trial pits should be constructed to allow soil samples to be collected at:

· 0.5m below ground

· Level immediate above the groundwater level; and

· Level in between (i) and (ii) above for each sampling point.

Inspection of soil should be made at 0.5m intervals. The maximum depth of the trial pit would be 3m below ground level.

5.3.4 Groundwater Sampling

Groundwater samples shall be collected at each drillhole when groundwater is encountered. Historical drillhole records indicated that the water levels in the nearby areas of proposed boreholes are approximately ranged from 2 to 5 mbgl, hence, it is very likely to encounter the groundwater table of each proposed borehole. Anyhow, the on-site Land Contamination Specialist will decide whether the groundwater sample should be collected in accordance with the actual geological situation of the borehole.

Each sample shall be truly representative of the groundwater at the point from which it is taken, without dilution or contamination by water from other sources or by other material. A groundwater monitoring well shall be installed at each drillhole, and upon completion of installation of monitoring wells, approximately five times volumes of well shall be flushed to remove silt and drilling fluid residue from the wells. The wells shall then be allowed to stand for a day to permit groundwater conditions to equilibrate. Groundwater level and thickness of free product layer, if present, shall be measured by dip meter and interface probe respectively, before groundwater samples are taken. Moreover, prior to groundwater sampling, the sampling wells shall be purged (at least three times volumes of well) to remove fine-grained materials and to collect freshly refilled groundwater samples. After purging, one groundwater sample shall then be collected at each sampling well with a Teflon bailer. Field measurement of temperature and pH shall also be taken for each of the samples. The free products, if present, shall also be sampled to allow identification by the laboratory. Typical details of proposed groundwater monitoring well is shown in Appendix G.

If the permeability of the surrounding strata and storage is low, dewatering by pumping may dry up the hole, in which case the on-site Land Contamination Specialist will decide whether the requirement to pump out three times the liquid volume is to be waived.

After the dewatering process (and allowing groundwater to percolate back into the hole if it has been pumped dry), enough quantity of groundwater sample shall be collected from each drillhole, and then stored in different sample containers for analysis. Immediately after collection, samples shall be transferred to labelled sample containers containing the necessary preservatives (supplied by the laboratory). Samples shall be stored between 2^oC – 4^oC, and delivered to the laboratory within 24 hours. All samples shall be collected under chain-of-custody protocols.

5.3.5 Sample Size and Handling Criteria

Recommended sample size, sample containers and preservative procedures for each chemical analysis of the soil and groundwater have been summarized in Table 5.2. The containers shall be marked with sampling point codes and the depths at which the samples were taken. Samples shall be stored between 2^oC – 4^oC, and delivered to the laboratory within 24 hours.

Table 5.2 Summary of Sample Handling Criteria

Analytical Parameters	Sample Size	Sample Container	Preservation	Notes
Soil Sampling
All major analyses in soil sample	2 X 500g	Glass Jar with Teflon Lined Lid	Refrigeration at 2^oC – 4^oC	The soil jar must be filled to minimise headspace when volatiles are to be determined.
Groundwater Sample
Metals	250ml	Clear Plastic Bottle	Nitric Acid (HNO₃) Refrigeration at 2^oC – 4^oC	For Dissolved Metals the sample must be filtered prior to acidification.
PCRs (C₆ – C₈) & VOCs	2 X 40ml	Glass Vial with Teflon Lined Lid	Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Refrigeration at 2^oC – 4^oC	The vials must be filled for zero headspace.
	2 X 40ml	Glass Vial with Teflon Lined Lid	Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Refrigeration at 2^oC – 4^oC	The vials must be filled for zero headspace.
PCRs (C₉ – C₁₆)	1L	Amber Glass Bottle with Teflon Lined Cap	Refrigeration at 2^oC – 4^oC	-
PCRs (C₁₇ – C₃₅)
SVOCs
PCBs

5.3.6 Analytical Programme and Parameters

Depends on the specific site activities, the PP’s appointed consultants should select and propose testing parameters in the supplementary CAP after the site re-appraisal / re-visit with reference to the general analysis proposal in Section 3.4 and Table 3.5. The soil and groundwater samples should be analysed by a HOKLAS accredited laboratory in accordance with analytical method given in Table 5.3.

· Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs):

· BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes

· MTBE: methyl tert-butyl ether

· VOCs other than BTEX and MTBE: acetone, bromodichloromethane, 2-butanone, chloroform, methylene chloride, styrene, tetrachloroethene, and trichloroethene

· Semi-volatile Organic Chemicals (SVOCs):

· PAHs: acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(g.h.i)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene

· SVOCs other than PAHs: bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, hexachlorobenzene, and phenol

· Metals: antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium III, chromium VI, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, tin, zinc

· Petroluem Carbon Ranges (PCRs): Carbon Ranges C6-C8, C9-C16 and C17-C35

· Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

· Cyanide: Cyanide, free (i.e. only for soil samples)

Table 5.3 Method of Analysis for Soil and Groundwater Samples

Parameter	Referenced Analytical Method	Reporting Limit for Soil (mg/kg)	Reporting Limit for Groundwater (mg/L)
VOCs
Acetone	USEPA Method 8260	5	0.05
Benzene		0.2	0.005
Bromodichloromethane		0.1	0.005
2-Butanone		5	0.05
Chloroform		0.05	0.005
Ethylbenzene		0.5	0.005
Methyl tert-Butyl Ether		0.5	0.005
Methylene Chloride		0.5	0.05
Styrene		0.5	0.005
Tetrachloroethene		0.04	0.005
Toluene		0.5	0.005
Trichloroethene		0.1	0.005
Xylenes (Total)		1.5	0.015
SVOCs
Acenaphthlene	USEPA Method 8270	0.5	0.002
Acenaphthene		0.5	0.002
Anthracene		0.5	0.002
Benzo(a)anthracene		0.5	-
Benzo(a)pyrene		0.5	-
Benze(b)floranthene		1.0	0.004
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene		0.5	-
Benzo(k)fluoranthene		1.0	0.004
Bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate		5.0	-
Chrysene		0.5	0.002
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene		0.5	-
Fluoranthene		0.5	0.002
Fluorene		0.5	0.002
Hexachlorobenzene		0.2	0.004
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene		0.5	-
Naphthalene		0.5	0.002
Phenanthrene		0.5	0.002
Phenol		0.5	-
Pyrene		0.5	0.002
Metals
Antimony	USEPA Method 6020A	1	-
Arsenic		1	-
Barium		0.5	-
Cadmium		0.2	-
Chromium III		0.5	-
Chromium VI		0.5	-
Cobalt		0.5	-
Copper		1	-
Lead		1	-
Manganese		0.5	-
Mercury		0.05	0.0001
Molybdenum		1	-
Nickel		1	-
Tin		0.5	-
Zinc		1	-
PCRs
C6-C8	USEPA Method 8015	5	0.02
C9-C16		200	0.5
C17-C35		500	0.5
PCBs	USEPA Method 8080	0.1	0.0001
Cyanide, free	USEPA Method 9010A	1	-

A HOKLAS accredited (or equivalent) testing laboratory shall be appointed to conduct chemical analysis for the soil and groundwater samples. All laboratory tests shall be made in accordance with Guidance Manual for Use of Risk-Based Remediation Goals for Contaminated Land Management. The RBRGs for soil and soil saturation limits, and RBRGs for groundwater and groundwater solubility limits are given in Appendix H.

5.3.7 Analytical Programme and Parameters for the Four Accessible Government Lot Areas

The soil and groundwater samples collected at the sampling points of 4 accessible government lot areas should be analyzed for parameters in accordance with sampling and testing schedule shown in Table 5.4 and analysed by a HOKLAS accredited laboratory in accordance with analytical method given in Table 5.3.

Table 5.4 Sampling and Testing Schedule for the Four Accessible Government Lot Areas

Locations		Existing Landuse	Testing Parameters
Locations		Existing Landuse	VOCs	SVOCs	Metals	PCRs	Cyanide	PCBs
Kwu Tung North	KTN-23b	Chung Hing Hong, petrol station	√	√	√	√
	KTN-35a	Vehicle repairing workshops	√	√	√	√
	KTN-77,78	Container trailer park	√	√	√	√	√	√
Fanling North	FLN-9a	Luen Fat, vehicle repairing workshop	√	√	√	√

5.3.8 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Test

It is envisaged that the likely scale of contamination should be very much localized, if found. The volume of soil expected to require cleanup should be of small quantities. Landfill disposal may be a practical option and should be considered as the last resort. Additional tests in terms of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) would be required to meet the criteria for disposal to landfills. Hence, surplus soil samples obtained during the site investigation would be stored for subsequent TCLP tests if identified necessary.

Landfill disposal Criteria for Contaminated Soil is show in Table 5.5.

Table 5.5 Landfill Disposal Criteria for Contaminated Soil

Parameter	TCLP Limit (ppm)	Referenced Analytical Method	Detection Limit (mg/L)
Cadmium	10	USEPA Method 1311 and 6020A	0.2
Chromium	50		1
Copper	250		1
Nickel	250		1
Lead	50		1
Zinc	250		1
Mercury	1		0.2
Tin	250		1
Silver	50		1
Antimony	150		1
Arsenic	50		1
Beryllium	10		1
Thallium	50		1
Vanadium	250		1
Selenium	1		0.2
Barium	1000		1

Ref: EPD’s Practice Guide for Investigation and Remediation of Contaminated Land

5.3.9 Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QA/QC)

A proper QA/QC program shall be established to ensure that the data collected are accurate and representative of actual soil and groundwater conditions. The QA/QC programme shall include the following:

· 1 duplicate per 20 samples;

· 1 equipment blank per 20 samples;

· 1 field blank per 20 samples; and

· 1 trip blank per trip for the analysis of volatile parameters.

5.3.10 Sample Handling, Packaging and Transport

The soil and groundwater sampling shall be conducted by an experienced sampling technician (provided by the G.I. Contractor), and the appropriate procedures shall be adhered to. Sampling methodologies are based on the techniques developed by the USEPA. Collection tools shall be cleaned thoroughly before, in-between and after sampling. Special care shall be taken to prevent any cross contamination of the samples during collection, handling, and storage.

Sample containers shall be laboratory cleansed, airtight, and made of glass or other suitable materials with Teflon-lined lids to ensure that the container does not react with the sample or absorb contaminants. Care shall be taken when recording and labeling the sample information on the containers. Information such as the date/time, sample point codes, depths, and any other relevant data shall be included. Samples shall be stored in an icebox (at about 2^oC – 4^oC) immediately after collection and labeled, until they can be transported to the laboratory for analysis.

6 Remediation Measures

After endorsement of the CAP by EPD, site investigation will be conducted and then the Contamination Assessment Report (CAR) will be prepared. The CAR will present the findings of the site investigation where site access can be obtained and evaluate the level and extent of potential contamination. The CAR will evaluate the potential environmental and human health impacts based on the extent of potential contamination identified. If remediation is required, a Remediation Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared. The objectives of the RAP will be:

· To undertake further site investigation where required;

· To evaluate and recommended appropriate remedial measures for the contaminated soil and groundwater identified in the assessment;

· To recommend good handling practices for the contaminated soil and groundwater during all stages of the remediation works;

· To recommend approximate handling and disposal measures; and

· To formulate optimal and cost-effective mitigation and remedial measures for the EPD’s agreement.

A Remediation Report (RR) to demonstrate adequate clear-up shall be prepared and submitted to EPD for endorsement prior to the commencement of any construction/ development works within the NDAs. No construction/ development works shall be carried out before the endorsement of the RR.

The supplementary CAP, CAR, RAP and RR mentioned in Section 5.2 should also follow the above submission procedures.

6.1 Possible Remediation Methods

The possible contaminants that might be found in the potentially contaminated sites include volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, metals and petroleum carbon ranges (PCRs).

Consideration of Remediation Methods for Contaminated Soil

Soil remediation options applicable to the subject contaminants should be addressed based on the following criteria:

· Technical and cost effectiveness;

· Technology development status;

· Environmental benefits and dis-benefits;

· Commercial availability;

· Experience; and

· Expertise requirement.

6.1.1 Remediation Methods for Contaminated Soil

Common treatment technologies that were screened for the targeted soil contaminants are presented in Table 6.1 below. The technologies are classified into removal, biological treatment, and physical / chemical treatment.

Table 6.1 Treatment Technologies for Contaminated Soil with VOCs / SVOC / Metals / PCRs

Technology	*In-situ* Treatment	*Ex-situ* Treatment
Technology	*In-situ* Treatment	*Ex-situ* Treatment
Biological Treatment	· Natural Attenuation · Soil Venting	· Biopiling · Landfarming
Physical / Chemical Treatment	· Electrokinetic Separation · Thermal Desorption · Permeable Reactive Barrier	· Solidification/Stabilization · Soil Washing · Incineration
Removal	NA	· Excavation and Landfill Disposal

The applicability / environmental benefits and limitations / environmental dis-benefits of the above remediation techniques for VOCs / SVOC / metals / PCRs contaminated soil are detailed in Table 6.2.

In assisting the formulation of appropriate remedial measures, the Practice Guide issued by EPD suggest the following factors to be taken into consideration when evaluating different available remediation methods:

· Degree and extent of the contamination;

· Anticipated future use of the site;

· Nature of the contaminants;

· Soil characteristics; and

· Time available for remediation.

The PP’s appointed consultants should take the aforementioned factors into consideration when formulating the remediation strategy after land resumption and completion of intrusive SI as mentioned in Section 5.2.

It should be noted that the “Excavation and Landfill Disposal” (i.e. off-site disposal of the treated contaminated soil) should only be considered as the last resort. Prior agreement to the proposed disposal arrangement should be sought from the Waste Facilities Management Group, and Waste Policy and Service Group of the EPD.

6.1.2 Remediation Methods for Contaminated Groundwater

The applicability, limitations and environmental benefits and disbenefits of different remediation techniques for VOCs / SVOC / Mercury / PCRs contaminated groundwater are described in Table 6.3.

Table 6.2 List of Soil Remediation Technologies for VOCs / SVOC / Metals / PCRs Contaminated Soil

Remediation Option	Descriptions	Applicability / Environmental Benefits	Limitations / Environmental Dis-benefits
Biopiling	An Ex-situ bioremediation method that facilitates bacterial growth in contaminated soil and degradation of waste into harmless products.	· Effective to PCRs and other wide range of organic contaminants with some successful local case studies, e.g. decontamination works at the Cheoy Lee Shipyard at Penny’s Bay, reclamation works at North Tsing Yi Shipyard site, decommissioning of Kwan Chung Incinerator. · Most cost-effective for large volumes of contaminated soil · All materials and equipment commercially available · Can be designed to be a closed system; vapour emissions can be controlled	· Labour-intensive; considerable maintenance required · Time-consuming (~12 months period) and not cost-effective for treating small soil samples. · Space required for biopile construction
Soil Venting	An In-situ bioremediation method using indigenous bacterial degradation of contaminants. Bacterial activity enhanced by air flow inducement (using extraction or injection wells) and, if required, by adding nutrients.	· Very effective to PCRs · Suitable for remediation in built up areas as wells can be placed between and/or below buildings · Applicable to extensive contamination in large sites · Uses readily available equipment; easy to install · Vapour emissions can be controlled but not to the extent of biopiling depending on underground soil in-situ properties	· Effectiveness hindered by underground soil features e.g. soil moisture content, permeability, etc. · Potential air emission to the sensitive receivers · Large area requirement for system development
Solidification / Stabilization	Ex-situ immobilization technique treating contaminated soil by mixing soil with binding agents, e.g. cement so as to physically bind contaminants into stable mass.	· Applicable to clean-up inorganic contaminants such as heavy metals. · Solidification/stabilization are used on certain contaminated sites in Hong Kong and successfully demonstrated treatment method for inorganic contaminated soil, e.g. decontamination works at the Cheoy Lee Shipyard at Penny’s Bay, reclamation works at North Tsing Yi Shipyard site, decommissioning of Kwan Chung Incinerator, and few isolated sites identified in the Deep Bay Link project.	· Effective in reducing presence of organic contaminants · Possible hindrance of large boulders in mixing process. Soil sorting necessary prior to treatment.
Electrokinetic Separation	This In-situ method uses electrochemical and electrokinetic processes to desorb and remove metals and polar organics from soil. Low intensity direct current is applied to the soil to mobilize the charged species.	· Applicable to treat soil with low permeability and heavily contaminated with metals.	· Effectiveness dependent on moisture content of soil and decreases with moisture content less than 10%. · Require further treatment for removal of desorbed contaminants and thus increase cost of remediation. · Variability of electrical conductivity in soil may be induced by presence of anomalies such as large gravels and insulating material. This may reduce treatment effectiveness.
Excavation and Landfill Disposal	Ex-situ method whereby contaminants are removed by excavation of the contaminated soil and direct disposal to landfill	· Most simple and quickest way to dispose of large volume of contaminated soil. · Contamination is removed definitely. · Higher certainty of success. · Wide experience in Hong Kong. · Applicable to all waste or mixture that meet land disposal restriction treatment standards. · Common practice for shallow, highly-contaminated soils.	· Pre-treatment may be required for contaminated soil to meet landfill disposal criteria · Landfill space limited and valuable. · Indirect costs to the landfill management on monitoring and maintenance. · Potential long-term liabilities to landfill · Need large volume of clean backfill materials · No access to the working site until completion of backfilling · Least desirable management option.
Thermal Desorption	A method to increase the volatility of contaminants by applying heat to the contaminated soil so that the contaminants can be removed / separated from the soil matrix.	· Low temperature thermal desorption systems are targeted for soils contaminated with VOCs, SVOCs and fuel components. · PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides can be treated with high temperature thermal desorption. · Less polluting method when compared with incineration.	· Have varying degrees of effectiveness against the full spectrum of organic contaminants · Processor unit can potentially be venerable to highly abrasive feed · Reaction time can vary with feed content as a result of binding of contaminants
Incineration	Ex-situ or in-situ treatment of contaminated soils and hazardous materials by incinerating in order to break down contaminants.	· Applicable to soil contaminated with hazardous wastes such as dioxins, PCBs, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. · Wide experience in Hong Kong. · Common practice for highly-contaminated soils.	· Process produces ash residues which contains volatile heavy metals · Ash residues leaving the combustion unit requires gas treatment prior to release · Contaminants can react to each other forming more volatile and toxic compounds which may require breaking down in a caustic quench

Table 6.3 List of Groundwater Remediation Technologies for VOCs / SVOC / Mercury / PCRs Contaminated Groundwater

Remediation Option	Descriptions	Applicability and Environmental Benefits	Limitations and Environmental Disbenefits
Vapour extraction / Groundwater extraction	Vacuum is applied to well(s) above water table to recover vapour phase and residual hydrocarbons and to help maintain high water table. Free product and / or groundwater is recovered from wells by pumps.	· Low to moderately permeable materials (silts and silty sands). Often used to enhance recovery of hydrocarbons.	· Water and vapour treatment is typically required · Phase separation is required · Initial startup times are longer than other conventional methods · Moderate to large capital investment, medium to high operation and maintenance costs
Permeable Reactive Barriers	In-situ treatment of contaminated water by means of engineering and use of reactive materials.	· Applicable to groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds, metals, and radioactive contaminants. · Common method for reducing chlorinated contaminants such as TCE and PCE. Effective method for immobilizing metals such as uranium, chromium and arsenic.	· Method only applies to relatively shallow aquifers · Treatment effectiveness is highly dependent on groundwater chemistry / flow rate, ground geochemistry, site topography, seasonal changes in hydrogeological conditions.
Vapour extraction / Groundwater extraction	Vacuum is applied to well(s) above water table to recover vapour phase and residual hydrocarbons and to help maintain high water table. Free product and / or groundwater is recovered from wells by pumps.	· Low to moderately permeable materials (silts and silty sands). Often used to enhance recovery of hydrocarbons.	· Water and vapour treatment is typically required · Phase separation is required · Initial startup times are longer than other conventional methods · Moderate to large capital investment, medium to high operation and maintenance costs
Dual phase (liquid and vapour) recovery	Both liquids and vapours are recovered from same well. Groundwater production is minimized, and water table is stabilized.	· Generally low permeability materials (clay, clayey silts, silts, silty / clayey sands). Requires surface seal (either naturally occurring clay or man-made) to prevent short-circuiting of vacuum. · High vacuum increases groundwater and product recovery. · Minimizes drawdown and “smearing” of product. · Expedites site cleanup by recovering all hydrocarbon phases.	· Usually requires vapour and groundwater treatment · Phase separation is required · Longer initial startup time · Higher capital costs
Skimming systems	Free product is recovered from a pit or trench without recovering groundwater	· Applicable to settings in which the amount of free product is small and exists in permeable conduits such as utility bedding or buried underground open structures. · Low cost and simple operation and maintenance. · Ideal for shallow groundwater level and soil excavation works.	· Recovery rates depend on pit/trench size · Frequent media replacement · Requires manual adjustment